Top 100 SEC (Singapore Education Vocabulary) Vocabulary List | Composition Theme: Social Media, Technology and Human Relationships

This eduKate-curated list is built for SEC English composition practice around Social Media, Technology and Human Relationships. “Singapore Education Vocabulary” is used here as an eduKate study label; the official qualification from 2027 is the Singapore-Cambridge Secondary Education Certificate (SEC). Start with the 100 words, then use the meanings, examples and composition transfer work below.

Algorithm
Amplify
Anonymous
Authentic
Autonomy
Boundary
Candid
Companionship
Connection
Consequence
Credibility
Curated
Cyberbullying
Deceptive
Dependency
Discerning
Disclosure
Disinformation
Distraction
Distort
Echo chamber
Empathy
Engagement
Ethical
Exploit
Exposure
Filter
Fragmented
Harassment
Identity
Impersonate
Influence
Intimacy
Intrusion
Isolation
Loneliness
Manipulate
Meaningful
Misinformation
Moderation
Notification
Nuance
Oversharing
Parasocial
Perception
Permanence
Persuasive
Platform
Polarisation
Privacy
Profile
Recommendation
Reciprocity
Regulation
Reputation
Resilience
Safeguard
Sceptical
Screen time
Self-esteem
Sensationalism
Sincerity
Social validation
Superficial
Surveillance
Transparency
Trust
Validation
Verify
Viral
Vulnerable
Wellbeing
Accountability
Accessibility
Addictive
Alienation
Ambiguity
Attention
Bias
Compulsive
Consent
Deliberate
Detachment
Dialogue
Digital footprint
Immersive
Interaction
Intervention
Proportionate
Reconciliation
Responsible
Scrutiny
Substantiate
Trade-off
Implication
Counterargument
Qualify
Balanced
Compassion
Community

Top 100 SEC Vocabulary Words for Composition Theme: Social Media, Technology and Human Relationships — Meanings and Examples

The table below follows the same high-utility pattern as eduKateSG’s established Top 100 vocabulary pages: one word or phrase, one usable meaning, and one genuine example sentence written for a Singapore secondary-school composition context. The examples are original teaching sentences, not official examination answers or a prescribed SEAB word list.

Word / Phrase	Meaning	Example (SEC Composition Context)
Algorithm	a set of rules used by a digital system to decide what to show or do	A recommendation algorithm may keep a user engaged by repeatedly showing material similar to what the user has already watched.
Amplify	to increase the reach, strength or visibility of something	Social platforms can amplify a rumour within minutes when users repost it before checking whether it is accurate.
Anonymous	not identified by name or recognisable identity	Anonymous accounts can protect vulnerable speakers, but they can also make some users feel less accountable for cruel remarks.
Authentic	genuine, honest and consistent with a person’s real values or character	Her post felt authentic because she described the failure as carefully as she described the eventual success.
Autonomy	the ability to make one’s own informed choices	Teenagers need enough digital autonomy to learn judgement, but that freedom should grow together with responsibility.
Boundary	a limit that protects time, privacy, behaviour or relationships	He created a boundary by keeping his phone outside the bedroom after 10 p.m.
Candid	honest and direct, especially about something difficult	During a candid conversation, the friends admitted that their group chat had become more hurtful than funny.
Companionship	the comfort and connection that come from spending time with others	For an elderly person living alone, a daily video call can provide companionship even when family members live overseas.
Connection	a relationship or meaningful link between people	Technology can create connection across distance, but frequent contact does not automatically create closeness.
Consequence	a result that follows from an action or decision	One consequence of forwarding an embarrassing clip is that the victim may continue to face ridicule long after the original incident.
Credibility	the quality of being believable and trustworthy	A dramatic claim loses credibility when the post provides no source, date or evidence.
Curated	carefully selected and arranged rather than shown in full	A curated profile can make ordinary life appear constantly exciting because disappointment, boredom and conflict are left out.
Cyberbullying	repeated or serious harmful behaviour carried out through digital communication	Cyberbullying can follow a student home because hurtful messages remain accessible after the school day ends.
Deceptive	likely to mislead someone into believing something untrue	The edited photograph was deceptive because it removed the context that would have changed how viewers understood the event.
Dependency	a condition in which a person relies heavily on something or someone	A growing dependency on constant notifications can make quiet study feel unusually difficult.
Discerning	showing careful judgement about quality or truth	A discerning reader checks who created a post, what evidence is offered and what may have been omitted.
Disclosure	the act of making information known	The app’s disclosure of how personal data would be used was buried beneath several pages of technical language.
Disinformation	false information deliberately created or spread to mislead	Disinformation is especially damaging when a fabricated story is designed to inflame fear before anyone checks the facts.
Distraction	something that takes attention away from the task that matters	A single notification became a distraction that led to twenty minutes of unrelated scrolling.
Distort	to change something so that it no longer represents the truth accurately	A short clip can distort an argument when the seconds before and after the quotation are removed.
Echo chamber	an environment in which people repeatedly encounter opinions similar to their own	An echo chamber can make a view seem universally accepted because opposing evidence rarely appears in the feed.
Empathy	the ability to understand and respond to another person’s feelings or perspective	Empathy changed the tone of the discussion when she asked how the comment would feel if it were directed at her younger brother.
Engagement	the degree of attention, participation or interaction something receives	Platforms often measure engagement through clicks, comments, shares and viewing time, even when the content provoking those reactions is unhealthy.
Ethical	consistent with principles about what is right, fair and responsible	An ethical platform design should consider whether a feature protects users rather than merely increasing the time they spend online.
Exploit	to take unfair advantage of a person, weakness or situation	Some deceptive advertisements exploit insecurity by suggesting that acceptance depends on buying a particular product.
Exposure	the state of coming into contact with information, people or risks	Repeated exposure to idealised images can influence how teenagers judge their own appearance.
Filter	a process or tool that selects, removes or alters what is seen	A beauty filter can subtly change a user’s expectations about what an ordinary face should look like.
Fragmented	broken into disconnected parts	Their conversation became fragmented because each person kept glancing at a different screen.
Harassment	persistent or serious unwanted behaviour that intimidates, humiliates or distresses someone	The school treated repeated threatening messages as harassment rather than dismissing them as an online joke.
Identity	a person’s sense of who they are and how they are recognised by others	Online spaces can help teenagers explore identity, but public feedback can also pressure them to perform a version of themselves that receives approval.
Impersonate	to pretend to be another person in order to deceive others	Someone created a fake account to impersonate the class captain and send offensive messages under her name.
Influence	the power to affect choices, behaviour or attitudes	An influencer may shape purchasing decisions even when followers believe they are making completely independent choices.
Intimacy	close emotional familiarity and trust between people	Constant messaging can create a sense of intimacy, yet difficult face-to-face conversations are often the real test of a friendship.
Intrusion	an unwanted entry into someone’s privacy, space or attention	A location-tracking feature can feel like an intrusion when it is used without clear consent.
Isolation	separation from meaningful social contact or participation	Although he was active in several group chats, he still experienced isolation when no one noticed that he had stopped attending school activities.
Loneliness	the painful feeling that one lacks the connection one needs	The crowded comment section did not protect her from loneliness because none of the interactions felt personal or dependable.
Manipulate	to control or influence someone in a hidden or unfair way	A deceptive interface can manipulate users into accepting settings they would not choose if the options were presented clearly.
Meaningful	important or valuable because it has real purpose or emotional significance	A ten-minute conversation became more meaningful than hundreds of quick reactions because both friends listened without checking their phones.
Misinformation	false or inaccurate information shared regardless of whether the sender intended to deceive	Misinformation spread when students forwarded an outdated examination notice without checking the date.
Moderation	the process of reviewing and managing content or behaviour according to rules	Effective moderation requires clear standards, consistent enforcement and a way to appeal mistakes.
Notification	a digital alert that tells a user something has happened	She disabled non-essential notifications so that messages would stop interrupting each study session.
Nuance	a subtle distinction that prevents an issue from being treated too simply	The debate needs nuance because social media can strengthen some relationships while weakening others.
Oversharing	revealing more personal information than is wise or appropriate	What began as a funny story became oversharing when the post included a friend’s private medical details.
Parasocial	describing a one-sided relationship in which an audience member feels close to a public figure who does not know them personally	A parasocial bond with an online creator can feel emotionally real even though the creator does not know the follower.
Perception	the way something is understood or interpreted	Repeated images of luxury can shape perception by making an uncommon lifestyle appear normal.
Permanence	the quality of lasting for a long time or being difficult to remove	Students often underestimate the permanence of screenshots that can preserve a deleted post.
Persuasive	effective at convincing someone to think or act in a particular way	The advertisement was persuasive because it combined emotional storytelling with a clear claim and social proof.
Platform	a digital service or environment through which users create, share or interact with content	A platform’s rules influence what users can post, how content is recommended and how abuse is reported.
Polarisation	the process by which people or groups move towards more sharply opposed positions	Polarisation can deepen when users repeatedly encounter content that portrays the other side as foolish or dangerous.
Privacy	the ability to control access to personal information, space and communication	Privacy matters because teenagers should understand who can see their data and what will happen to it later.
Profile	a digital representation of a user through information, posts, images and activity	Her public profile showed achievements and travel but revealed almost nothing about ordinary setbacks.
Recommendation	a suggestion produced by a person or system about what to choose or view	A recommendation system may repeatedly steer a user towards similar videos, narrowing what appears in the feed.
Reciprocity	a balanced exchange in which people respond to one another’s effort, care or support	Healthy friendship depends on reciprocity; one person should not always be the only one listening, apologising or making contact.
Regulation	rules created by an authority to control conduct or reduce harm	Regulation can require platforms to protect children, explain advertising or respond to illegal content.
Reputation	the general opinion others hold about a person, group or organisation	A careless post can damage reputation when it is copied beyond the audience for whom it was intended.
Resilience	the capacity to recover, adapt and continue after difficulty	Digital resilience includes knowing how to report abuse, seek support and continue participating safely after an upsetting incident.
Safeguard	a measure designed to protect people from harm or risk	Age-appropriate default settings can act as a safeguard for younger users who may not understand every privacy option.
Sceptical	not easily convinced without sufficient evidence	A sceptical reader paused before sharing the dramatic claim because the account provided no source.
Screen time	the amount of time spent using devices with screens	The family focused less on total screen time and more on whether device use was interrupting sleep, study and conversation.
Self-esteem	a person’s sense of their own worth and value	Constant comparison with idealised profiles can weaken self-esteem when young people judge themselves against unrealistic standards.
Sensationalism	the use of shocking or exaggerated material to attract attention	Sensationalism rewards dramatic headlines that provoke strong reactions before readers examine the evidence.
Sincerity	the quality of being genuinely meant and honestly expressed	The apology regained some trust because its sincerity was supported by changed behaviour, not just a public post.
Social validation	approval or reassurance received from other people	When every photo became a test of social validation, the number of likes began to determine how she felt about herself.
Superficial	concerned mainly with the surface and lacking depth	Their exchanges were frequent but superficial, consisting mostly of reactions, jokes and forwarded clips.
Surveillance	close observation or monitoring, especially when systematic	Parents may use location sharing for safety, but constant surveillance can also reduce trust if there are no agreed limits.
Transparency	openness about rules, methods, interests or decisions	Transparency improves trust when users can understand why a post was removed or why a recommendation appeared.
Trust	confidence that a person or system is honest, reliable or safe	Trust weakened when the friend discovered that private messages had been forwarded without permission.
Validation	recognition that another person’s feelings or concerns are understandable or worthy of attention	She did not agree with every complaint, but her validation of his embarrassment made the conversation calmer.
Verify	to check that information is accurate or genuine	Before forwarding the examination schedule, he verified the date against the official school notice.
Viral	spreading very quickly across many users online	The humiliating clip went viral before the student had any realistic chance to contain it.
Vulnerable	open to harm, pressure or exploitation because protection or power is limited	Younger users may be especially vulnerable to persuasive tactics that they do not yet recognise.
Wellbeing	a person’s overall state of physical, emotional and social health	Digital wellbeing improves when technology supports sleep, learning and relationships instead of constantly competing with them.
Accountability	the expectation that a person or organisation explains decisions and accepts responsibility for consequences	Platform accountability matters when harmful content is repeatedly reported but no clear action follows.
Accessibility	the degree to which something can be reached, understood or used by people with different needs	Technology can improve accessibility through captions, screen readers and translation tools.
Addictive	designed or experienced in a way that can produce compulsive repeated use	Writers should be careful with the word addictive and distinguish clinical addiction from features that encourage habitual checking.
Alienation	a feeling of being separated from other people, a group or one’s own values	Public comparison left him with a sense of alienation even though he was connected to hundreds of classmates online.
Ambiguity	the presence of more than one possible meaning or interpretation	Text messages can create ambiguity because tone, facial expression and immediate clarification are missing.
Attention	the mental focus directed towards something	The competition for attention encourages platforms and creators to make content more emotionally intense.
Bias	a tendency that unfairly or systematically favours one perspective, group or outcome	Algorithmic bias can emerge when a system is trained on data that already contains unequal patterns.
Compulsive	difficult to resist even when a person intends to stop	His compulsive checking continued even after he turned off sound notifications.
Consent	freely given and informed agreement	Sharing a friend’s photograph responsibly means obtaining consent before posting it to a public account.
Deliberate	done consciously and with careful intention	A deliberate pause before replying prevented the argument from becoming more hostile.
Detachment	emotional distance or reduced involvement	After weeks of hostile comments, she developed a deliberate detachment from public metrics and stopped checking them during the school day.
Dialogue	an exchange of ideas in which people respond to one another	Constructive dialogue requires more than posting opposing slogans; participants must listen, explain and answer the actual point raised.
Digital footprint	the lasting trail of information created by a person’s online activity	A student’s digital footprint may include old posts, public comments and photographs copied by other users.
Immersive	creating a strong sense of being surrounded by or deeply involved in an experience	Immersive games can strengthen cooperation and storytelling, although they may also make it harder for some users to notice how much time has passed.
Interaction	an action or exchange between people, users or systems	Online interaction becomes richer when users move beyond quick reactions and respond to one another’s ideas.
Intervention	an action taken to improve a situation or prevent harm	Early intervention by a teacher stopped a humiliating group-chat joke from developing into sustained bullying.
Proportionate	appropriate in scale or severity compared with the problem being addressed	A proportionate school response should protect the victim while distinguishing a one-off careless remark from repeated harassment.
Reconciliation	the restoration of a workable relationship after conflict	Reconciliation began only after both friends acknowledged how private screenshots had been used to embarrass the other.
Responsible	showing good judgement and accepting the duties attached to one’s choices	Responsible sharing means checking accuracy, respecting privacy and considering the likely effect on other people.
Scrutiny	close and careful examination	Health claims made by popular creators deserve the same scrutiny as claims made by less famous accounts.
Substantiate	to support a claim with evidence or examples	A writer who argues that technology harms relationships should substantiate the claim with a clear mechanism and relevant example.
Trade-off	a situation in which gaining one benefit requires accepting a cost or giving up another benefit	The convenience of location sharing creates a trade-off between safety and privacy when users cannot control who sees the data.
Implication	a likely effect, meaning or consequence of an idea or decision	One implication of personalised feeds is that two users may receive very different pictures of the same public debate.
Counterargument	a reason or position that challenges the writer’s main claim	A strong counterargument is that online communities can provide support to people who struggle to find similar peers offline.
Qualify	to limit or refine a claim so that it becomes more accurate	The writer qualified the claim by arguing that social media is harmful only when design, habits and context combine in particular ways.
Balanced	considering relevant advantages, disadvantages and evidence without pretending all sides are equally strong	A balanced essay can still reach a clear conclusion after weighing benefits, risks and conditions.
Compassion	concern for another person’s suffering together with a wish to help	Compassion changed the class response when students stopped treating the viral mistake as entertainment and began protecting the person involved.
Community	a group connected by place, interest, experience or shared responsibility	A healthy online community depends on norms that reward useful participation rather than humiliation and outrage.

Why This SEC Composition Theme Matters

Social media, technology and human relationships form a useful composition theme because they allow a student to move between personal experience and wider social reasoning. A narrative can begin with a group chat, a forwarded photograph, a misunderstood message, a viral clip or a decision to put a phone away. A reflective essay can examine comparison, friendship, loneliness, trust or identity. A discursive or argumentative essay can consider algorithms, privacy, online safety, regulation, persuasive design, misinformation, accessibility or the value of digital communities. The same theme therefore supports story, reflection, description, explanation and argument without requiring the student to memorise one fixed essay.

For SEC English, vocabulary is most useful when it carries a distinction the sentence genuinely needs. “Bad” is usually too vague. “Intrusive” identifies a boundary being crossed. “Deceptive” identifies a misleading impression. “Fragmented” describes attention broken into pieces. “Reciprocity” describes mutual effort in a relationship. “Proportionate” allows a writer to judge whether a response matches the seriousness of a problem. The goal is not to force rare words into every paragraph. The goal is to choose the word that makes the meaning more exact.

The 2027 SEC G3 English Language assessment explicitly rewards coherent and cohesive writing, effective use of ambitious vocabulary and grammar, and accurate control of vocabulary, grammar, punctuation and spelling at the highest language band. That makes vocabulary a tool of precision rather than decoration. Students can use the SEC English G3 examination training system for the wider writing, comprehension, listening and oral framework, then return here when the composition theme involves digital life and relationships.

How to Use the 100 Words Without Sounding Forced

A strong composition does not try to display all 100 words. Instead, the student selects a small number that match the exact job of the paragraph. If the paragraph explains why a feed keeps showing similar material, algorithm, recommendation, engagement and echo chamber may be useful. If the paragraph is about friendship, reciprocity, trust, sincerity, boundary and reconciliation may be better. If the paragraph is about online harm, harassment, cyberbullying, vulnerable, safeguard and intervention may carry the argument. Precision begins by matching the word family to the actual idea.

A practical rule is meaning first, vocabulary second. Write the idea in simple English, identify what is still vague, then replace only the weak part. “Social media is bad because people compare themselves” can become “Curated profiles can distort perception and weaken self-esteem when users repeatedly compare ordinary life with idealised images.” The second sentence is stronger because the vocabulary reveals a mechanism. The words are not there for display; they explain how the effect happens.

Another rule is collocation before rarity. A familiar word used in a natural partnership is more convincing than an exotic word used awkwardly. “Protect privacy”, “restore trust”, “verify a source”, “set a boundary”, “substantiate a claim” and “address a counterargument” are useful because they are natural English combinations. Learn vocabulary together with the words that normally travel beside it.

Word-by-Word SEC Composition Application Guide

1. Algorithm

Meaning in this theme: a set of rules used by a digital system to decide what to show or do. Use this when explaining how online platforms select content rather than presenting every post neutrally.

Precision check: An algorithm is not simply the internet itself; it is the decision process that sorts, predicts or recommends. Natural combinations include recommendation algorithm; algorithmic ranking; algorithmic bias. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A recommendation algorithm may keep a user engaged by repeatedly showing material similar to what the user has already watched. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Algorithm once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Algorithm would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

2. Amplify

Meaning in this theme: to increase the reach, strength or visibility of something. Useful for showing how technology can make an existing idea, emotion or conflict larger.

Precision check: Amplify means increase an existing signal or effect; it does not mean create it from nothing. Natural combinations include amplify a message; amplify outrage; amplify a voice. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Social platforms can amplify a rumour within minutes when users repost it before checking whether it is accurate. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Amplify once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Amplify would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

3. Anonymous

Meaning in this theme: not identified by name or recognisable identity. Use it when discussing both the protection and the risks created when identity is hidden online.

Precision check: Anonymous is different from private: something may be private even when the participants know one another’s identities. Natural combinations include anonymous account; anonymous comment; remain anonymous. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Anonymous accounts can protect vulnerable speakers, but they can also make some users feel less accountable for cruel remarks. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Anonymous once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Anonymous would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

4. Authentic

Meaning in this theme: genuine, honest and consistent with a person’s real values or character. Strong for reflective writing about whether digital self-presentation matches real experience.

Precision check: Authentic does not mean unedited or casual; a polished message can still be genuine. Natural combinations include authentic voice; authentic relationship; authentic self. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Her post felt authentic because she described the failure as carefully as she described the eventual success. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Authentic once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Authentic would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

5. Autonomy

Meaning in this theme: the ability to make one’s own informed choices. Useful in balanced arguments about parental control, school rules and individual choice.

Precision check: Autonomy is not the same as unlimited freedom; it assumes the capacity to choose responsibly. Natural combinations include personal autonomy; digital autonomy; preserve autonomy. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Teenagers need enough digital autonomy to learn judgement, but that freedom should grow together with responsibility. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Autonomy once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Autonomy would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

6. Boundary

Meaning in this theme: a limit that protects time, privacy, behaviour or relationships. Useful in narrative and expository writing about screen habits, privacy and respectful relationships.

Precision check: A boundary is a defined limit, not simply a preference that disappears whenever it becomes inconvenient. Natural combinations include personal boundary; healthy boundary; set boundaries. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: He created a boundary by keeping his phone outside the bedroom after 10 p.m. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Boundary once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Boundary would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

7. Candid

Meaning in this theme: honest and direct, especially about something difficult. Excellent for relationship writing when characters move from avoidance to truthful discussion.

Precision check: Candid suggests frank honesty; it should not be used as a synonym for rude or tactless. Natural combinations include candid conversation; candid admission; candid response. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: During a candid conversation, the friends admitted that their group chat had become more hurtful than funny. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Candid once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Candid would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

8. Companionship

Meaning in this theme: the comfort and connection that come from spending time with others. Useful for balanced essays showing that technology can support real human needs.

Precision check: Companionship is broader than entertainment because it includes emotional presence and shared experience. Natural combinations include offer companionship; sense of companionship; digital companionship. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: For an elderly person living alone, a daily video call can provide companionship even when family members live overseas. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Companionship once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Companionship would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

9. Connection

Meaning in this theme: a relationship or meaningful link between people. A central theme word for comparing quantity of contact with quality of relationships.

Precision check: Connection can be technical or human, so make the intended meaning clear from context. Natural combinations include human connection; social connection; maintain connection. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Technology can create connection across distance, but frequent contact does not automatically create closeness. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Connection once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Connection would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

10. Consequence

Meaning in this theme: a result that follows from an action or decision. Useful in narrative turning points and argumentative cause-and-effect paragraphs.

Precision check: A consequence may be positive or negative; do not assume the word itself means punishment. Natural combinations include serious consequence; unintended consequence; face consequences. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: One consequence of forwarding an embarrassing clip is that the victim may continue to face ridicule long after the original incident. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Consequence once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Consequence would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

11. Credibility

Meaning in this theme: the quality of being believable and trustworthy. Essential for compositions about online information, influencers and news.

Precision check: Credibility concerns trustworthiness, not popularity; a viral account can still be unreliable. Natural combinations include source credibility; establish credibility; damage credibility. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A dramatic claim loses credibility when the post provides no source, date or evidence. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Credibility once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Credibility would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

12. Curated

Meaning in this theme: carefully selected and arranged rather than shown in full. Useful when explaining why online profiles may give an incomplete impression of reality.

Precision check: Curated does not necessarily mean dishonest; selection becomes misleading only when it creates a false impression. Natural combinations include curated feed; curated image; carefully curated. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A curated profile can make ordinary life appear constantly exciting because disappointment, boredom and conflict are left out. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Curated once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Curated would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

13. Cyberbullying

Meaning in this theme: repeated or serious harmful behaviour carried out through digital communication. Use for clear discussion of digital harm, school responsibility and peer behaviour.

Precision check: Do not use the term for every disagreement online; the word implies harmful behaviour, often involving repetition, power or public humiliation. Natural combinations include cyberbullying incident; prevent cyberbullying; victim of cyberbullying. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Cyberbullying can follow a student home because hurtful messages remain accessible after the school day ends. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Cyberbullying once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Cyberbullying would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

14. Deceptive

Meaning in this theme: likely to mislead someone into believing something untrue. Useful for describing misleading posts, advertisements or online behaviour.

Precision check: Deceptive focuses on the effect of misleading; it can describe something even when the creator’s intention is uncertain. Natural combinations include deceptive claim; deceptive design; deceptive impression. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: The edited photograph was deceptive because it removed the context that would have changed how viewers understood the event. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Deceptive once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Deceptive would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

15. Dependency

Meaning in this theme: a condition in which a person relies heavily on something or someone. Useful for measured writing about habits that become difficult to control.

Precision check: Dependency is stronger than ordinary use; do not apply it simply because a person uses technology often. Natural combinations include digital dependency; emotional dependency; reduce dependency. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A growing dependency on constant notifications can make quiet study feel unusually difficult. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Dependency once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Dependency would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

16. Discerning

Meaning in this theme: showing careful judgement about quality or truth. Excellent for SEC compositions about media literacy and responsible digital citizenship.

Precision check: Discerning means carefully selective, not automatically suspicious of everything. Natural combinations include discerning reader; discerning judgement; become discerning. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A discerning reader checks who created a post, what evidence is offered and what may have been omitted. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Discerning once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Discerning would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

17. Disclosure

Meaning in this theme: the act of making information known. Useful when discussing privacy policies, sponsorships and transparency.

Precision check: Disclosure is the act of revealing information; it is different from the information itself. Natural combinations include full disclosure; data disclosure; require disclosure. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: The app’s disclosure of how personal data would be used was buried beneath several pages of technical language. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Disclosure once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Disclosure would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

18. Disinformation

Meaning in this theme: false information deliberately created or spread to mislead. Use when intention to deceive is part of the point.

Precision check: Disinformation differs from misinformation because disinformation involves deliberate deception. Natural combinations include spread disinformation; targeted disinformation; counter disinformation. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Disinformation is especially damaging when a fabricated story is designed to inflame fear before anyone checks the facts. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Disinformation once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Disinformation would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

19. Distraction

Meaning in this theme: something that takes attention away from the task that matters. Useful in school-life, productivity and wellbeing essays.

Precision check: Distraction describes the competing pull on attention; it does not automatically imply addiction. Natural combinations include constant distraction; digital distraction; minimise distraction. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A single notification became a distraction that led to twenty minutes of unrelated scrolling. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Distraction once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Distraction would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

20. Distort

Meaning in this theme: to change something so that it no longer represents the truth accurately. Useful for writing about editing, rumours and selective presentation.

Precision check: Distort means alter the representation; it is stronger and more precise than simply saying ‘make bad’. Natural combinations include distort reality; distort perception; distorted account. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A short clip can distort an argument when the seconds before and after the quotation are removed. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Distort once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Distort would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

21. Echo chamber

Meaning in this theme: an environment in which people repeatedly encounter opinions similar to their own. Strong for argumentative writing about polarisation and algorithmic recommendation.

Precision check: An echo chamber is not merely a group of friends who agree; the key idea is repeated reinforcement with limited exposure to alternatives. Natural combinations include online echo chamber; ideological echo chamber; escape an echo chamber. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: An echo chamber can make a view seem universally accepted because opposing evidence rarely appears in the feed. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Echo chamber once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Echo chamber would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

22. Empathy

Meaning in this theme: the ability to understand and respond to another person’s feelings or perspective. Useful in narratives about conflict repair and essays about online conduct.

Precision check: Empathy is understanding another perspective; compassion goes further by adding concern and a wish to help. Natural combinations include show empathy; develop empathy; empathetic response. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Empathy changed the tone of the discussion when she asked how the comment would feel if it were directed at her younger brother. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Empathy once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Empathy would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

23. Engagement

Meaning in this theme: the degree of attention, participation or interaction something receives. Useful when explaining why dramatic content may be rewarded online.

Precision check: Engagement is not the same as approval; angry comments can still count as engagement. Natural combinations include user engagement; engagement metric; increase engagement. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Platforms often measure engagement through clicks, comments, shares and viewing time, even when the content provoking those reactions is unhealthy. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Engagement once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Engagement would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

24. Ethical

Meaning in this theme: consistent with principles about what is right, fair and responsible. Useful whenever a composition moves from what is possible to what ought to be done.

Precision check: Ethical is about principles of right conduct; it should not be used merely to mean legal. Natural combinations include ethical choice; ethical concern; ethical design. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: An ethical platform design should consider whether a feature protects users rather than merely increasing the time they spend online. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Ethical once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Ethical would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

25. Exploit

Meaning in this theme: to take unfair advantage of a person, weakness or situation. Useful for examining power imbalances in digital environments.

Precision check: Exploit is a strong verb implying unfair advantage; use it only when that judgement is supported. Natural combinations include exploit vulnerability; exploit data; commercial exploitation. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Some deceptive advertisements exploit insecurity by suggesting that acceptance depends on buying a particular product. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Exploit once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Exploit would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

26. Exposure

Meaning in this theme: the state of coming into contact with information, people or risks. Useful for cause-and-effect writing about repeated contact with online content.

Precision check: Exposure does not prove an effect by itself; careful writing should separate contact from demonstrated impact. Natural combinations include media exposure; public exposure; exposure to risk. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Repeated exposure to idealised images can influence how teenagers judge their own appearance. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Exposure once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Exposure would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

27. Filter

Meaning in this theme: a process or tool that selects, removes or alters what is seen. Useful both literally and metaphorically when discussing selection and appearance.

Precision check: A filter may protect, organise or distort, so the surrounding sentence should show which function is meant. Natural combinations include content filter; beauty filter; filter information. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A beauty filter can subtly change a user’s expectations about what an ordinary face should look like. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Filter once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Filter would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

28. Fragmented

Meaning in this theme: broken into disconnected parts. Effective in descriptive and reflective writing about divided attention and weakened continuity.

Precision check: Fragmented means broken into pieces; it is more precise than simply saying a conversation was bad. Natural combinations include fragmented attention; fragmented conversation; fragmented community. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Their conversation became fragmented because each person kept glancing at a different screen. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Fragmented once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Fragmented would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

29. Harassment

Meaning in this theme: persistent or serious unwanted behaviour that intimidates, humiliates or distresses someone. Useful in discussions of safety, law, school responsibility and platform moderation.

Precision check: Harassment is stronger than criticism or disagreement; it involves unwanted harmful conduct. Natural combinations include online harassment; repeated harassment; report harassment. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: The school treated repeated threatening messages as harassment rather than dismissing them as an online joke. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Harassment once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Harassment would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

30. Identity

Meaning in this theme: a person’s sense of who they are and how they are recognised by others. Central for reflective writing about adolescence, profiles and social expectations.

Precision check: Identity is broader than image or reputation because it includes self-understanding as well as social recognition. Natural combinations include digital identity; personal identity; shape identity. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Online spaces can help teenagers explore identity, but public feedback can also pressure them to perform a version of themselves that receives approval. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Identity once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Identity would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

31. Impersonate

Meaning in this theme: to pretend to be another person in order to deceive others. Useful in narratives involving trust, fraud or reputational harm.

Precision check: Impersonate requires pretending to be a specific person; anonymity alone is not impersonation. Natural combinations include impersonate a user; online impersonation; impersonate someone. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Someone created a fake account to impersonate the class captain and send offensive messages under her name. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Impersonate once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Impersonate would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

32. Influence

Meaning in this theme: the power to affect choices, behaviour or attitudes. A flexible word for essays on advertising, trends, peers and digital culture.

Precision check: Influence does not mean total control; strong writing leaves room for individual judgement and other causes. Natural combinations include social influence; peer influence; influence behaviour. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: An influencer may shape purchasing decisions even when followers believe they are making completely independent choices. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Influence once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Influence would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

33. Intimacy

Meaning in this theme: close emotional familiarity and trust between people. Useful for mature discussion of relationship depth and communication.

Precision check: Intimacy is deeper than frequent contact and should not be used simply because people communicate often. Natural combinations include emotional intimacy; build intimacy; sense of intimacy. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Constant messaging can create a sense of intimacy, yet difficult face-to-face conversations are often the real test of a friendship. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Intimacy once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Intimacy would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

34. Intrusion

Meaning in this theme: an unwanted entry into someone’s privacy, space or attention. Useful for privacy and boundary arguments.

Precision check: Intrusion implies an unwanted crossing of a boundary; mere access is not automatically intrusive. Natural combinations include privacy intrusion; intrusive notification; intrusion into private life. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A location-tracking feature can feel like an intrusion when it is used without clear consent. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Intrusion once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Intrusion would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

35. Isolation

Meaning in this theme: separation from meaningful social contact or participation. Useful for challenging the assumption that online activity always equals connection.

Precision check: Isolation can be physical, social or emotional; explain which form you mean. Natural combinations include social isolation; reduce isolation; sense of isolation. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Although he was active in several group chats, he still experienced isolation when no one noticed that he had stopped attending school activities. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Isolation once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Isolation would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

36. Loneliness

Meaning in this theme: the painful feeling that one lacks the connection one needs. Useful in reflective writing about the difference between audience and relationship.

Precision check: Loneliness is a feeling, while isolation is a condition; a person may experience one without the other. Natural combinations include feel loneliness; persistent loneliness; ease loneliness. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: The crowded comment section did not protect her from loneliness because none of the interactions felt personal or dependable. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Loneliness once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Loneliness would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

37. Manipulate

Meaning in this theme: to control or influence someone in a hidden or unfair way. Useful for writing about persuasive design, misinformation and unhealthy relationships.

Precision check: Manipulation implies concealed or unfair influence; ordinary persuasion is not necessarily manipulation. Natural combinations include manipulate behaviour; emotional manipulation; manipulate attention. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A deceptive interface can manipulate users into accepting settings they would not choose if the options were presented clearly. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Manipulate once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Manipulate would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

38. Meaningful

Meaning in this theme: important or valuable because it has real purpose or emotional significance. Useful when evaluating quality rather than quantity of interaction.

Precision check: Meaningful is evaluative, so compositions should show what creates the value instead of using the label alone. Natural combinations include meaningful relationship; meaningful conversation; meaningful participation. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A ten-minute conversation became more meaningful than hundreds of quick reactions because both friends listened without checking their phones. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Meaningful once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Meaningful would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

39. Misinformation

Meaning in this theme: false or inaccurate information shared regardless of whether the sender intended to deceive. Essential for media-literacy compositions.

Precision check: Misinformation may be accidental, whereas disinformation is deliberately deceptive. Natural combinations include spread misinformation; correct misinformation; misleading information. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Misinformation spread when students forwarded an outdated examination notice without checking the date. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Misinformation once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Misinformation would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

40. Moderation

Meaning in this theme: the process of reviewing and managing content or behaviour according to rules. Useful in balanced essays about free expression and safety.

Precision check: Moderation is the management process; censorship is a broader and more politically loaded concept. Natural combinations include content moderation; platform moderation; moderation policy. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Effective moderation requires clear standards, consistent enforcement and a way to appeal mistakes. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Moderation once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Moderation would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

41. Notification

Meaning in this theme: a digital alert that tells a user something has happened. Useful in narratives and essays about attention and habit design.

Precision check: A notification is the alert itself, not the message or event that triggered it. Natural combinations include push notification; notification setting; disable notifications. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: She disabled non-essential notifications so that messages would stop interrupting each study session. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Notification once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Notification would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

42. Nuance

Meaning in this theme: a subtle distinction that prevents an issue from being treated too simply. Excellent for higher-level argumentative writing.

Precision check: Nuance does not mean refusing to take a position; it means recognising relevant distinctions. Natural combinations include add nuance; nuanced view; important nuance. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: The debate needs nuance because social media can strengthen some relationships while weakening others. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Nuance once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Nuance would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

43. Oversharing

Meaning in this theme: revealing more personal information than is wise or appropriate. Useful in privacy, friendship and digital-footprint compositions.

Precision check: Oversharing depends on context, audience and consent; openness is not automatically oversharing. Natural combinations include online oversharing; risk of oversharing; avoid oversharing. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: What began as a funny story became oversharing when the post included a friend’s private medical details. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Oversharing once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Oversharing would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

44. Parasocial

Meaning in this theme: describing a one-sided relationship in which an audience member feels close to a public figure who does not know them personally. Useful for advanced compositions on influencers and digital culture.

Precision check: Parasocial does not mean fake feelings; the relationship is one-sided, not necessarily emotionally insignificant. Natural combinations include parasocial relationship; parasocial bond; parasocial attachment. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A parasocial bond with an online creator can feel emotionally real even though the creator does not know the follower. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Parasocial once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Parasocial would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

45. Perception

Meaning in this theme: the way something is understood or interpreted. Useful for analysing media effects and reputation.

Precision check: Perception concerns how reality is interpreted, not reality itself. Natural combinations include public perception; shape perception; distorted perception. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Repeated images of luxury can shape perception by making an uncommon lifestyle appear normal. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Perception once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Perception would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

46. Permanence

Meaning in this theme: the quality of lasting for a long time or being difficult to remove. Useful for digital-footprint and reputation writing.

Precision check: Online content is not literally permanent in every case, so avoid absolute claims and focus on persistence or recoverability. Natural combinations include digital permanence; sense of permanence; long-term permanence. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Students often underestimate the permanence of screenshots that can preserve a deleted post. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Permanence once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Permanence would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

47. Persuasive

Meaning in this theme: effective at convincing someone to think or act in a particular way. Useful in writing about advertising, influencers and platform design.

Precision check: Persuasive describes effectiveness; it does not automatically mean truthful or ethical. Natural combinations include persuasive language; persuasive design; persuasive argument. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: The advertisement was persuasive because it combined emotional storytelling with a clear claim and social proof. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Persuasive once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Persuasive would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

48. Platform

Meaning in this theme: a digital service or environment through which users create, share or interact with content. Useful as a precise alternative to repeatedly saying ‘social media app’.

Precision check: A platform is the service or environment, not the individual post, account or device. Natural combinations include social platform; digital platform; platform policy. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A platform’s rules influence what users can post, how content is recommended and how abuse is reported. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Platform once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Platform would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

49. Polarisation

Meaning in this theme: the process by which people or groups move towards more sharply opposed positions. Useful in advanced arguments about echo chambers and public discussion.

Precision check: Disagreement is normal; polarisation suggests widening division and reduced common ground. Natural combinations include political polarisation; social polarisation; deepen polarisation. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Polarisation can deepen when users repeatedly encounter content that portrays the other side as foolish or dangerous. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Polarisation once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Polarisation would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

50. Privacy

Meaning in this theme: the ability to control access to personal information, space and communication. A core word for compositions on consent, surveillance and online safety.

Precision check: Privacy is not secrecy; people can value privacy without having something wrong to hide. Natural combinations include data privacy; protect privacy; privacy setting. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Privacy matters because teenagers should understand who can see their data and what will happen to it later. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Privacy once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Privacy would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

51. Profile

Meaning in this theme: a digital representation of a user through information, posts, images and activity. Useful in identity and curated-self compositions.

Precision check: A profile is a representation of a person, not the whole person. Natural combinations include online profile; user profile; public profile. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Her public profile showed achievements and travel but revealed almost nothing about ordinary setbacks. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Profile once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Profile would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

52. Recommendation

Meaning in this theme: a suggestion produced by a person or system about what to choose or view. Useful for algorithm and choice discussions.

Precision check: A recommendation influences choice but does not remove the user’s ability to accept or reject it. Natural combinations include content recommendation; recommendation system; personalised recommendation. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A recommendation system may repeatedly steer a user towards similar videos, narrowing what appears in the feed. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Recommendation once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Recommendation would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

53. Reciprocity

Meaning in this theme: a balanced exchange in which people respond to one another’s effort, care or support. Useful for mature relationship compositions.

Precision check: Reciprocity is not exact equality in every moment; it describes a pattern of mutual response over time. Natural combinations include mutual reciprocity; reciprocal support; lack of reciprocity. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Healthy friendship depends on reciprocity; one person should not always be the only one listening, apologising or making contact. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Reciprocity once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Reciprocity would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

54. Regulation

Meaning in this theme: rules created by an authority to control conduct or reduce harm. Useful for discursive essays about responsibility and public policy.

Precision check: Regulation is not identical to a total ban; it can range from disclosure requirements to safety standards. Natural combinations include digital regulation; platform regulation; regulatory framework. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Regulation can require platforms to protect children, explain advertising or respond to illegal content. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Regulation once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Regulation would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

55. Reputation

Meaning in this theme: the general opinion others hold about a person, group or organisation. Useful in narrative consequences and digital-footprint arguments.

Precision check: Reputation is what others think; character is what a person is or does. Natural combinations include online reputation; protect reputation; reputational damage. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A careless post can damage reputation when it is copied beyond the audience for whom it was intended. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Reputation once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Reputation would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

56. Resilience

Meaning in this theme: the capacity to recover, adapt and continue after difficulty. Useful for problem-solution writing without pretending harm is harmless.

Precision check: Resilience does not mean tolerating abuse silently; recovery often involves support and protective action. Natural combinations include build resilience; emotional resilience; digital resilience. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Digital resilience includes knowing how to report abuse, seek support and continue participating safely after an upsetting incident. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Resilience once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Resilience would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

57. Safeguard

Meaning in this theme: a measure designed to protect people from harm or risk. Useful in recommendations and policy paragraphs.

Precision check: A safeguard reduces risk; it does not guarantee that harm becomes impossible. Natural combinations include safety safeguard; introduce safeguards; protective safeguard. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Age-appropriate default settings can act as a safeguard for younger users who may not understand every privacy option. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Safeguard once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Safeguard would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

58. Sceptical

Meaning in this theme: not easily convinced without sufficient evidence. Useful for media-literacy writing and characterisation.

Precision check: Sceptical is not the same as cynical; scepticism asks for evidence, whereas cynicism often assumes bad motives. Natural combinations include healthy scepticism; remain sceptical; sceptical reader. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A sceptical reader paused before sharing the dramatic claim because the account provided no source. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Sceptical once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Sceptical would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

59. Screen time

Meaning in this theme: the amount of time spent using devices with screens. Useful in balanced wellbeing arguments.

Precision check: Screen time is a measure of duration, not quality; one hour of homework and one hour of compulsive scrolling are not identical experiences. Natural combinations include screen-time limit; manage screen time; excessive screen time. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: The family focused less on total screen time and more on whether device use was interrupting sleep, study and conversation. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Screen time once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Screen time would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

60. Self-esteem

Meaning in this theme: a person’s sense of their own worth and value. Useful in essays on comparison, appearance and validation.

Precision check: Self-esteem is broader than confidence in one skill; it concerns overall self-worth. Natural combinations include healthy self-esteem; damage self-esteem; protect self-esteem. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Constant comparison with idealised profiles can weaken self-esteem when young people judge themselves against unrealistic standards. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Self-esteem once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Self-esteem would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

61. Sensationalism

Meaning in this theme: the use of shocking or exaggerated material to attract attention. Useful for news, misinformation and attention-economy compositions.

Precision check: Sensationalism is not simply interesting writing; it involves exaggeration or emotional provocation at the expense of proportion. Natural combinations include media sensationalism; sensationalist headline; avoid sensationalism. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Sensationalism rewards dramatic headlines that provoke strong reactions before readers examine the evidence. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Sensationalism once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Sensationalism would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

62. Sincerity

Meaning in this theme: the quality of being genuinely meant and honestly expressed. Useful in friendship, apology and influencer-authenticity narratives.

Precision check: Sincerity concerns genuine intention; it does not prove that a person is correct. Natural combinations include sincere apology; question sincerity; demonstrate sincerity. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: The apology regained some trust because its sincerity was supported by changed behaviour, not just a public post. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Sincerity once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Sincerity would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

63. Social validation

Meaning in this theme: approval or reassurance received from other people. Useful for explaining why metrics can affect behaviour and self-image.

Precision check: Validation can be supportive, but dependence on public approval can become unhealthy. Natural combinations include seek social validation; need for validation; external validation. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: When every photo became a test of social validation, the number of likes began to determine how she felt about herself. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Social validation once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Social validation would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

64. Superficial

Meaning in this theme: concerned mainly with the surface and lacking depth. Useful when contrasting quantity of communication with depth.

Precision check: Superficial is a judgement; support it with evidence rather than using it as a vague insult. Natural combinations include superficial interaction; superficial relationship; superficial impression. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Their exchanges were frequent but superficial, consisting mostly of reactions, jokes and forwarded clips. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Superficial once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Superficial would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

65. Surveillance

Meaning in this theme: close observation or monitoring, especially when systematic. Useful in privacy and autonomy arguments.

Precision check: Surveillance implies sustained monitoring; an occasional check is not necessarily surveillance. Natural combinations include digital surveillance; constant surveillance; surveillance technology. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Parents may use location sharing for safety, but constant surveillance can also reduce trust if there are no agreed limits. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Surveillance once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Surveillance would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

66. Transparency

Meaning in this theme: openness about rules, methods, interests or decisions. Useful in governance, advertising and platform-accountability essays.

Precision check: Transparency means making relevant processes visible; it does not require exposing every private detail. Natural combinations include greater transparency; algorithmic transparency; transparency about sponsorship. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Transparency improves trust when users can understand why a post was removed or why a recommendation appeared. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Transparency once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Transparency would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

67. Trust

Meaning in this theme: confidence that a person or system is honest, reliable or safe. Central for relationship narratives and technology-policy essays.

Precision check: Trust is stronger than familiarity; it grows from reliable behaviour and can be damaged by betrayal. Natural combinations include build trust; breach trust; restore trust. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Trust weakened when the friend discovered that private messages had been forwarded without permission. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Trust once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Trust would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

68. Validation

Meaning in this theme: recognition that another person’s feelings or concerns are understandable or worthy of attention. Useful in conflict-resolution scenes and wellbeing discussions.

Precision check: Validation is not the same as agreement; a person can recognise a feeling without accepting every conclusion. Natural combinations include emotional validation; seek validation; validate concerns. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: She did not agree with every complaint, but her validation of his embarrassment made the conversation calmer. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Validation once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Validation would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

69. Verify

Meaning in this theme: to check that information is accurate or genuine. Essential for practical media-literacy writing.

Precision check: Verify is an action supported by evidence; merely seeing the same claim repeatedly is not verification. Natural combinations include verify a claim; verify a source; independently verify. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Before forwarding the examination schedule, he verified the date against the official school notice. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Verify once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Verify would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

70. Viral

Meaning in this theme: spreading very quickly across many users online. Useful when explaining speed, scale and loss of control online.

Precision check: Viral describes rapid spread; it does not mean the content is true, important or beneficial. Natural combinations include viral post; go viral; viral content. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: The humiliating clip went viral before the student had any realistic chance to contain it. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Viral once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Viral would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

71. Vulnerable

Meaning in this theme: open to harm, pressure or exploitation because protection or power is limited. Useful in safety, regulation and empathy paragraphs.

Precision check: Vulnerable does not mean weak in every respect; vulnerability depends on the particular risk and context. Natural combinations include vulnerable user; vulnerable group; emotionally vulnerable. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Younger users may be especially vulnerable to persuasive tactics that they do not yet recognise. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Vulnerable once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Vulnerable would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

72. Wellbeing

Meaning in this theme: a person’s overall state of physical, emotional and social health. Useful as a broad outcome in balanced compositions.

Precision check: Wellbeing is wider than happiness; it includes health, functioning and relationships over time. Natural combinations include digital wellbeing; emotional wellbeing; support wellbeing. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Digital wellbeing improves when technology supports sleep, learning and relationships instead of constantly competing with them. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Wellbeing once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Wellbeing would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

73. Accountability

Meaning in this theme: the expectation that a person or organisation explains decisions and accepts responsibility for consequences. Useful for essays on responsibility, rules and institutional conduct.

Precision check: Accountability is not identical to blame; it includes explanation, correction and responsibility. Natural combinations include public accountability; platform accountability; hold accountable. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Platform accountability matters when harmful content is repeatedly reported but no clear action follows. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Accountability once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Accountability would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

74. Accessibility

Meaning in this theme: the degree to which something can be reached, understood or used by people with different needs. Useful for showing positive social effects of technology.

Precision check: Accessibility concerns usable access, not merely whether a service technically exists. Natural combinations include digital accessibility; improve accessibility; accessible design. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Technology can improve accessibility through captions, screen readers and translation tools. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Accessibility once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Accessibility would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

75. Addictive

Meaning in this theme: designed or experienced in a way that can produce compulsive repeated use. Useful only when the composition can support the strength of the claim.

Precision check: Addictive is a strong term; ‘habit-forming’ or ‘compulsive’ may be more accurate when clinical evidence is unavailable. Natural combinations include addictive design; addictive behaviour; potentially addictive. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Writers should be careful with the word addictive and distinguish clinical addiction from features that encourage habitual checking. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Addictive once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Addictive would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

76. Alienation

Meaning in this theme: a feeling of being separated from other people, a group or one’s own values. Useful in reflective writing about belonging and digital culture.

Precision check: Alienation is deeper than temporary loneliness because it can include estrangement from a group, role or identity. Natural combinations include social alienation; feel alienated; growing alienation. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Public comparison left him with a sense of alienation even though he was connected to hundreds of classmates online. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Alienation once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Alienation would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

77. Ambiguity

Meaning in this theme: the presence of more than one possible meaning or interpretation. Useful for communication breakdowns and media interpretation.

Precision check: Ambiguity means uncertainty of meaning; it is not simply lack of information. Natural combinations include linguistic ambiguity; create ambiguity; resolve ambiguity. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Text messages can create ambiguity because tone, facial expression and immediate clarification are missing. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Ambiguity once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Ambiguity would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

78. Attention

Meaning in this theme: the mental focus directed towards something. Useful across essays about design, learning and communication.

Precision check: Attention is limited and selective, so strong writing can discuss how it is directed rather than treating it as endless. Natural combinations include capture attention; divided attention; attention economy. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: The competition for attention encourages platforms and creators to make content more emotionally intense. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Attention once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Attention would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

79. Bias

Meaning in this theme: a tendency that unfairly or systematically favours one perspective, group or outcome. Useful for critical-thinking compositions.

Precision check: Bias does not mean every viewpoint is invalid; identify the specific tendency and its effect. Natural combinations include implicit bias; algorithmic bias; media bias. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Algorithmic bias can emerge when a system is trained on data that already contains unequal patterns. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Bias once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Bias would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

80. Compulsive

Meaning in this theme: difficult to resist even when a person intends to stop. Useful for describing loss of control without automatically claiming clinical addiction.

Precision check: Compulsive is stronger than frequent; the key idea is difficulty resisting the behaviour. Natural combinations include compulsive checking; compulsive use; compulsive behaviour. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: His compulsive checking continued even after he turned off sound notifications. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Compulsive once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Compulsive would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

81. Consent

Meaning in this theme: freely given and informed agreement. Essential for privacy, relationships and data-use essays.

Precision check: Consent must be meaningful; silence, pressure or confusing terms do not always amount to informed agreement. Natural combinations include informed consent; obtain consent; consent to sharing. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Sharing a friend’s photograph responsibly means obtaining consent before posting it to a public account. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Consent once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Consent would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

82. Deliberate

Meaning in this theme: done consciously and with careful intention. Useful in narratives where a character chooses restraint or responsibility.

Precision check: Deliberate means intentional; it does not necessarily mean slow. Natural combinations include deliberate choice; deliberate pause; deliberate action. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A deliberate pause before replying prevented the argument from becoming more hostile. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Deliberate once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Deliberate would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

83. Detachment

Meaning in this theme: emotional distance or reduced involvement. Useful in reflective writing about coping, distance and reduced involvement.

Precision check: Detachment can be protective or harmful depending on whether it creates perspective or disconnection. Natural combinations include emotional detachment; sense of detachment; detached response. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: After weeks of hostile comments, she developed a deliberate detachment from public metrics and stopped checking them during the school day. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Detachment once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Detachment would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

84. Dialogue

Meaning in this theme: an exchange of ideas in which people respond to one another. Useful for essays about disagreement, school communities and online debate.

Precision check: Dialogue involves exchange; a sequence of monologues is not genuine dialogue. Natural combinations include open dialogue; constructive dialogue; encourage dialogue. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Constructive dialogue requires more than posting opposing slogans; participants must listen, explain and answer the actual point raised. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Dialogue once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Dialogue would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

85. Digital footprint

Meaning in this theme: the lasting trail of information created by a person’s online activity. Core for reputation and privacy compositions.

Precision check: A digital footprint includes more than what a person deliberately publishes; other people and systems can also create traces. Natural combinations include manage a digital footprint; online footprint; lasting digital footprint. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A student’s digital footprint may include old posts, public comments and photographs copied by other users. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Digital footprint once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Digital footprint would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

86. Immersive

Meaning in this theme: creating a strong sense of being surrounded by or deeply involved in an experience. Useful for balanced essays about gaming, virtual reality and learning.

Precision check: Immersive describes depth of involvement, not automatically harm or benefit. Natural combinations include immersive technology; immersive experience; highly immersive. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Immersive games can strengthen cooperation and storytelling, although they may also make it harder for some users to notice how much time has passed. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Immersive once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Immersive would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

87. Interaction

Meaning in this theme: an action or exchange between people, users or systems. Useful as a neutral word before evaluating quality.

Precision check: Interaction simply means exchange; it does not imply closeness, agreement or trust. Natural combinations include social interaction; meaningful interaction; online interaction. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Online interaction becomes richer when users move beyond quick reactions and respond to one another’s ideas. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Interaction once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Interaction would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

88. Intervention

Meaning in this theme: an action taken to improve a situation or prevent harm. Useful in problem-solution and school-policy writing.

Precision check: Intervention is an action intended to change a situation; it should be specific enough to evaluate. Natural combinations include timely intervention; targeted intervention; intervention strategy. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Early intervention by a teacher stopped a humiliating group-chat joke from developing into sustained bullying. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Intervention once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Intervention would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

89. Proportionate

Meaning in this theme: appropriate in scale or severity compared with the problem being addressed. Excellent for nuanced policy arguments.

Precision check: Proportionate does not mean weak; it means matched sensibly to the seriousness of the issue. Natural combinations include proportionate response; proportionate measure; proportionate penalty. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A proportionate school response should protect the victim while distinguishing a one-off careless remark from repeated harassment. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Proportionate once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Proportionate would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

90. Reconciliation

Meaning in this theme: the restoration of a workable relationship after conflict. Useful in narratives about apology, trust and relationship repair.

Precision check: Reconciliation is more than ending an argument; it involves rebuilding a relationship or restoring cooperation. Natural combinations include seek reconciliation; path to reconciliation; genuine reconciliation. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Reconciliation began only after both friends acknowledged how private screenshots had been used to embarrass the other. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Reconciliation once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Reconciliation would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

91. Responsible

Meaning in this theme: showing good judgement and accepting the duties attached to one’s choices. A high-value word for conclusions and recommendations.

Precision check: Responsible is broad; stronger writing explains what specific duties responsible behaviour includes. Natural combinations include responsible use; responsible sharing; socially responsible. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Responsible sharing means checking accuracy, respecting privacy and considering the likely effect on other people. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Responsible once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Responsible would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

92. Scrutiny

Meaning in this theme: close and careful examination. Useful when discussing evidence, credibility and accountability.

Precision check: Scrutiny means careful examination, not automatic hostility. Natural combinations include public scrutiny; careful scrutiny; withstand scrutiny. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Health claims made by popular creators deserve the same scrutiny as claims made by less famous accounts. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Scrutiny once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Scrutiny would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

93. Substantiate

Meaning in this theme: to support a claim with evidence or examples. Excellent academic vocabulary for SEC argumentative writing.

Precision check: Substantiate is stronger than repeat; it means provide support that makes a claim more credible. Natural combinations include substantiate a claim; substantiate an argument; evidence to substantiate. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A writer who argues that technology harms relationships should substantiate the claim with a clear mechanism and relevant example. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Substantiate once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Substantiate would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

94. Trade-off

Meaning in this theme: a situation in which gaining one benefit requires accepting a cost or giving up another benefit. Useful for sophisticated balanced essays.

Precision check: A trade-off is not simply a disadvantage; it describes competing benefits or costs that cannot all be maximised at once. Natural combinations include weigh the trade-off; unavoidable trade-off; privacy trade-off. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: The convenience of location sharing creates a trade-off between safety and privacy when users cannot control who sees the data. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Trade-off once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Trade-off would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

95. Implication

Meaning in this theme: a likely effect, meaning or consequence of an idea or decision. Useful for moving from example to significance.

Precision check: An implication is what follows from a fact or choice; it is not always explicitly stated. Natural combinations include practical implication; wider implication; implication for students. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: One implication of personalised feeds is that two users may receive very different pictures of the same public debate. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Implication once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Implication would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

96. Counterargument

Meaning in this theme: a reason or position that challenges the writer’s main claim. Essential for discursive and argumentative writing.

Precision check: A counterargument should represent a real opposing concern, not a weak point invented only to be defeated easily. Natural combinations include address a counterargument; strong counterargument; respond to a counterargument. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A strong counterargument is that online communities can provide support to people who struggle to find similar peers offline. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Counterargument once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Counterargument would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

97. Qualify

Meaning in this theme: to limit or refine a claim so that it becomes more accurate. Excellent for precision and mature judgement.

Precision check: To qualify a claim does not mean weaken it dishonestly; it means state its limits accurately. Natural combinations include qualify a claim; carefully qualify; qualified conclusion. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: The writer qualified the claim by arguing that social media is harmful only when design, habits and context combine in particular ways. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Qualify once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Qualify would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

98. Balanced

Meaning in this theme: considering relevant advantages, disadvantages and evidence without pretending all sides are equally strong. Useful for planning and conclusions.

Precision check: Balanced does not mean neutral or indecisive; it means fair consideration before judgement. Natural combinations include balanced view; balanced argument; balanced use. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A balanced essay can still reach a clear conclusion after weighing benefits, risks and conditions. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Balanced once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Balanced would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

99. Compassion

Meaning in this theme: concern for another person’s suffering together with a wish to help. Useful in narratives, reflective essays and online-behaviour compositions.

Precision check: Compassion goes beyond empathy because it includes care and a readiness to respond. Natural combinations include show compassion; compassionate response; act with compassion. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: Compassion changed the class response when students stopped treating the viral mistake as entertainment and began protecting the person involved. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Compassion once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Compassion would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

100. Community

Meaning in this theme: a group connected by place, interest, experience or shared responsibility. Useful in conclusions that move from individual behaviour to shared culture.

Precision check: A community is more than a large audience; it usually involves some continuing relationship, shared identity or responsibility. Natural combinations include online community; school community; sense of community. This matters in SEC composition because ambitious vocabulary scores only when the meaning remains accurate and the sentence still sounds controlled.

Composition model: A healthy online community depends on norms that reward useful participation rather than humiliation and outrage. Notice that the word is doing a specific job inside the sentence. It is not added as decoration. The surrounding clause explains the cause, condition, contrast or consequence, allowing the reader to understand why the word fits.

Transfer practice: Use Community once in an argumentative sentence, once in a reflective sentence and once in a narrative moment. Then replace it with a weaker general word and compare what meaning disappears. Finally, write one sentence in which Community would be too strong or inaccurate. This three-way contrast trains judgement instead of memorisation.

Ten Vocabulary Clusters for Fast Composition Planning

1. Algorithms, Attention and Amplification

Use this cluster when the question asks whether technology controls us, whether young people are too dependent on devices, or why certain posts dominate attention. A strong paragraph can move from mechanism to effect: an algorithm ranks material; a recommendation system selects similar content; emotionally intense material earns engagement; repeated exposure captures attention; amplification increases reach; the user experiences a narrower information environment. Avoid claiming that an algorithm “forces” behaviour. Better writing distinguishes influence from control and recognises that users still make choices inside a designed environment.

Algorithm — a set of rules used by a digital system to decide what to show or do
Amplify — to increase the reach, strength or visibility of something
Distraction — something that takes attention away from the task that matters
Echo chamber — an environment in which people repeatedly encounter opinions similar to their own
Engagement — the degree of attention, participation or interaction something receives
Notification — a digital alert that tells a user something has happened
Parasocial — describing a one-sided relationship in which an audience member feels close to a public figure who does not know them personally
Platform — a digital service or environment through which users create, share or interact with content
Sceptical — not easily convinced without sufficient evidence
Bias — a tendency that unfairly or systematically favours one perspective, group or outcome

Planning move: choose four to six words from this cluster, then build one paragraph around a single controlling idea. Use one word to name the mechanism, one to name the effect, one to qualify the judgement and one to describe a response. If the paragraph begins to look like a list of impressive terms, remove half of them and strengthen the explanation between the remaining words.

2. Identity, Profiles and Authenticity

This cluster supports reflective questions about being yourself, fame, popularity, appearance and growing up online. The key distinction is between identity and presentation. A profile is a representation, not the whole person. A curated feed can be authentic if it represents something honestly, but it can become deceptive when selection creates a false impression. Social validation can affect self-esteem, especially when a teenager begins treating public reaction as evidence of personal worth. Strong essays show the tension without pretending that self-presentation is automatically dishonest.

Authentic — genuine, honest and consistent with a person’s real values or character
Autonomy — the ability to make one’s own informed choices
Curated — carefully selected and arranged rather than shown in full
Identity — a person’s sense of who they are and how they are recognised by others
Oversharing — revealing more personal information than is wise or appropriate
Perception — the way something is understood or interpreted
Profile — a digital representation of a user through information, posts, images and activity
Sincerity — the quality of being genuinely meant and honestly expressed
Social validation — approval or reassurance received from other people
Digital footprint — the lasting trail of information created by a person’s online activity

3. Privacy, Consent and Surveillance

Use this cluster for questions about tracking, data collection, photographs, parental monitoring or personal boundaries. The most mature arguments separate safety from unlimited surveillance. Consent should be informed and meaningful. Privacy is not secrecy. A safeguard can protect vulnerable users without removing autonomy entirely. A proportionate response matches the seriousness of the risk. This language helps a writer avoid false choices such as “either total freedom or total control”.

Boundary — a limit that protects time, privacy, behaviour or relationships
Disclosure — the act of making information known
Intrusion — an unwanted entry into someone’s privacy, space or attention
Privacy — the ability to control access to personal information, space and communication
Superficial — concerned mainly with the surface and lacking depth
Surveillance — close observation or monitoring, especially when systematic
Accessibility — the degree to which something can be reached, understood or used by people with different needs
Consent — freely given and informed agreement
Digital footprint — the lasting trail of information created by a person’s online activity
Safeguard — a measure designed to protect people from harm or risk

4. Misinformation, Credibility and Verification

This cluster is ideal for essays about fake news, influencers, online claims and media literacy. Begin with credibility: why should a reader believe the source? Separate misinformation from disinformation by intention. Explain how sensationalism or distortion attracts attention, then move to scrutiny and verification. A discerning reader checks evidence before sharing. An advanced paragraph can substantiate its own claim while also showing how readers should substantiate claims made by others.

Credibility — the quality of being believable and trustworthy
Disinformation — false information deliberately created or spread to mislead
Distort — to change something so that it no longer represents the truth accurately
Meaningful — important or valuable because it has real purpose or emotional significance
Screen time — the amount of time spent using devices with screens
Sensationalism — the use of shocking or exaggerated material to attract attention
Verify — to check that information is accurate or genuine
Detachment — emotional distance or reduced involvement
Substantiate — to support a claim with evidence or examples
Implication — a likely effect, meaning or consequence of an idea or decision

5. Cyberbullying, Harassment and Protection

Use this cluster when a narrative or argument involves humiliation, abuse, threats, school intervention or online safety. Do not reduce the solution to “be resilient”. Resilience is useful, but responsibility also sits with peers, schools and platforms. Compassion changes group behaviour; intervention can stop escalation; safeguards reduce predictable risk; accountability matters when reports are ignored. Precise vocabulary makes the essay ethically clearer because it assigns actions and responsibilities rather than blaming the victim for being affected.

Cyberbullying — repeated or serious harmful behaviour carried out through digital communication
Harassment — persistent or serious unwanted behaviour that intimidates, humiliates or distresses someone
Viral — spreading very quickly across many users online
Vulnerable — open to harm, pressure or exploitation because protection or power is limited
Wellbeing — a person’s overall state of physical, emotional and social health
Accountability — the expectation that a person or organisation explains decisions and accepts responsibility for consequences
Intervention — an action taken to improve a situation or prevent harm
Reconciliation — the restoration of a workable relationship after conflict
Compassion — concern for another person’s suffering together with a wish to help
Resilience — the capacity to recover, adapt and continue after difficulty

6. Connection, Intimacy and Loneliness

This cluster supports one of the strongest recurring composition tensions: connected does not always mean close. Interaction can be frequent yet superficial. Companionship can be real across distance. Intimacy depends on trust and mutual understanding. Loneliness is a feeling; isolation is a condition. Reciprocity helps distinguish a relationship from one-sided attention. A strong conclusion often argues for meaningful connection rather than simply more or less technology.

Companionship — the comfort and connection that come from spending time with others
Connection — a relationship or meaningful link between people
Influence — the power to affect choices, behaviour or attitudes
Isolation — separation from meaningful social contact or participation
Loneliness — the painful feeling that one lacks the connection one needs
Misinformation — false or inaccurate information shared regardless of whether the sender intended to deceive
Reciprocity — a balanced exchange in which people respond to one another’s effort, care or support
Trust — confidence that a person or system is honest, reliable or safe
Immersive — creating a strong sense of being surrounded by or deeply involved in an experience
Community — a group connected by place, interest, experience or shared responsibility

7. Persuasion, Influence and Manipulation

Use this cluster for advertising, influencers, persuasive design and peer pressure. Influence is broad and may be legitimate. Persuasion can be ethical. Manipulation becomes more serious when influence is hidden, unfair or exploitative. Bias can shape what information receives attention. A writer should qualify claims rather than assume every persuasive message is manipulative. The counterargument may be that users possess autonomy and can learn discerning habits, after which the writer can evaluate where responsibility should lie.

Exploit — to take unfair advantage of a person, weakness or situation
Manipulate — to control or influence someone in a hidden or unfair way
Permanence — the quality of lasting for a long time or being difficult to remove
Persuasive — effective at convincing someone to think or act in a particular way
Addictive — designed or experienced in a way that can produce compulsive repeated use
Attention — the mental focus directed towards something
Compulsive — difficult to resist even when a person intends to stop
Responsible — showing good judgement and accepting the duties attached to one’s choices
Trade-off — a situation in which gaining one benefit requires accepting a cost or giving up another benefit
Counterargument — a reason or position that challenges the writer’s main claim

8. Moderation, Regulation and Accountability

This cluster is useful when a question asks what schools, governments, families or platforms should do. Moderation manages content under rules; regulation sets broader obligations; accountability requires explanation and responsibility; transparency helps users understand decisions. The key adjective is proportionate. A balanced essay can recommend safeguards while recognising legitimate concerns about autonomy, privacy and overreach. The best paragraphs explain what a proposed rule would actually change.

Empathy — the ability to understand and respond to another person’s feelings or perspective
Ethical — consistent with principles about what is right, fair and responsible
Moderation — the process of reviewing and managing content or behaviour according to rules
Regulation — rules created by an authority to control conduct or reduce harm
Safeguard — a measure designed to protect people from harm or risk
Accountability — the expectation that a person or organisation explains decisions and accepts responsibility for consequences
Proportionate — appropriate in scale or severity compared with the problem being addressed
Reconciliation — the restoration of a workable relationship after conflict
Scrutiny — close and careful examination
Balanced — considering relevant advantages, disadvantages and evidence without pretending all sides are equally strong

9. Conflict, Dialogue and Reconciliation

Use this cluster in narratives and reflective essays about friendship breakdown, misunderstood messages and public disagreement. Ambiguity can begin the conflict; candid dialogue can clarify it; empathy and validation can lower defensiveness; deliberate responses prevent escalation; reconciliation requires more than a quick apology. Trust returns when sincerity is supported by changed behaviour. This cluster is especially useful for turning a simple “friends argued online” story into a composition about judgement and repair.

Candid — honest and direct, especially about something difficult
Empathy — the ability to understand and respond to another person’s feelings or perspective
Exposure — the state of coming into contact with information, people or risks
Influence — the power to affect choices, behaviour or attitudes
Recommendation — a suggestion produced by a person or system about what to choose or view
Transparency — openness about rules, methods, interests or decisions
Ambiguity — the presence of more than one possible meaning or interpretation
Dialogue — an exchange of ideas in which people respond to one another
Reconciliation — the restoration of a workable relationship after conflict
Balanced — considering relevant advantages, disadvantages and evidence without pretending all sides are equally strong

10. Balance, Wellbeing and Community

Use this cluster for conclusions. The strongest ending is rarely “technology is good” or “technology is bad”. A balanced judgement asks what kind of use, under what conditions, for whom and with what safeguards. Wellbeing includes sleep, learning, emotional health and relationships. Accessibility reminds the writer that technology can widen participation. Community shifts the focus from individual habits to shared norms. Trade-offs can be acknowledged without abandoning a clear position.

Nuance — a subtle distinction that prevents an issue from being treated too simply
Reputation — the general opinion others hold about a person, group or organisation
Sceptical — not easily convinced without sufficient evidence
Validation — recognition that another person’s feelings or concerns are understandable or worthy of attention
Accountability — the expectation that a person or organisation explains decisions and accepts responsibility for consequences
Alienation — a feeling of being separated from other people, a group or one’s own values
Interaction — an action or exchange between people, users or systems
Qualify — to limit or refine a claim so that it becomes more accurate
Compassion — concern for another person’s suffering together with a wish to help
Community — a group connected by place, interest, experience or shared responsibility

SEC Composition Prompt Bank: Social Media, Technology and Human Relationships

Prompt 1: “Social media brings people closer together.” How far do you agree?

Useful vocabulary: Algorithm, Companionship, Distort, Influence, Parasocial.

A strong plan begins by decoding the exact job of the question. Decide whether you must argue, discuss, describe, reflect or narrate. Then choose a central line that can control the whole piece. For an argumentative response, move from claim to mechanism to example to implication, then address a serious counterargument. For a narrative or reflective response, build the event around a choice, a consequence and a change in understanding. Do not begin by forcing the five suggested words into the essay. Use only the terms that clarify something the reader genuinely needs to understand.

Development test: after each main point, ask “how does this happen?” and “why does this matter?” Those two questions prevent point dumping. A paragraph about privacy, for example, should identify what information is collected, who can access it, what consent exists and what consequence follows. A paragraph about friendship should identify the behaviour that builds or weakens trust. Vocabulary earns its place when it helps answer those questions.

Prompt 2: “Young people care too much about what others think of them online.” What are your views?

Useful vocabulary: Boundary, Cyberbullying, Exploit, Manipulate, Polarisation.

Prompt 3: Should schools place stronger limits on students’ use of mobile phones?

Useful vocabulary: Credibility, Disinformation, Identity, Nuance, Regulation.

Prompt 4: Is it possible to have a genuine friendship with someone you have never met in person?

Useful vocabulary: Discerning, Engagement, Isolation, Persuasive, Screen time.

Prompt 5: “Technology has made communication easier but relationships weaker.” Discuss.

Useful vocabulary: Echo chamber, Fragmented, Moderation, Recommendation, Superficial.

Prompt 6: Describe a time when a message was misunderstood and caused an unexpected problem.

Useful vocabulary: Exposure, Intimacy, Perception, Safeguard, Verify.

Prompt 7: Write about a moment when you realised that something online was not what it seemed.

Useful vocabulary: Impersonate, Meaningful, Privacy, Sincerity, Accessibility.

Prompt 8: Should parents be allowed to track their teenagers’ location through their phones?

Useful vocabulary: Loneliness, Oversharing, Reputation, Trust, Bias.

Prompt 9: “Privacy is more important than convenience.” Discuss.

Useful vocabulary: Notification, Platform, Self-esteem, Wellbeing, Dialogue.

Prompt 10: How can young people decide whether information online is trustworthy?

Useful vocabulary: Permanence, Reciprocity, Surveillance, Ambiguity, Proportionate.

Prompt 11: Should social media companies be responsible for protecting young users from harmful content?

Useful vocabulary: Profile, Sceptical, Viral, Deliberate, Trade-off.

Prompt 12: Write about a friendship that changed because of something shared online.

Useful vocabulary: Resilience, Social validation, Addictive, Interaction, Compassion.

Prompt 13: “Being popular online does not mean being happy.” What are your views?

Useful vocabulary: Sensationalism, Validation, Compulsive, Scrutiny, Authentic.

Prompt 14: Do online communities provide real support, or only the appearance of connection?

Useful vocabulary: Transparency, Accountability, Digital footprint, Qualify, Connection.

Prompt 15: Should people be judged for old posts they made when they were much younger?

Useful vocabulary: Vulnerable, Attention, Reconciliation, Amplify, Deceptive.

Prompt 16: “The problem is not technology; it is how we use it.” Discuss.

Useful vocabulary: Alienation, Detachment, Implication, Candid, Distraction.

Prompt 17: Describe a day when you deliberately stayed away from social media.

Useful vocabulary: Consent, Intervention, Community, Curated, Ethical.

Prompt 18: Can technology make people more compassionate?

Useful vocabulary: Immersive, Substantiate, Autonomy, Disclosure, Harassment.

Prompt 19: Should influencers be required to make paid promotions clearer?

Useful vocabulary: Responsible, Balanced, Consequence, Empathy, Intrusion.

Prompt 20: “A good conversation requires attention.” Write about the importance of this idea in modern life.

Useful vocabulary: Counterargument, Anonymous, Dependency, Filter, Misinformation.

Composition Structures That Fit This Theme

Argumentative / Discursive Structure

Decode → Position → Reason 1 → Mechanism → Example → Implication → Reason 2 → Counterargument → Qualification → Conclusion. This structure works because it forces the writer to explain relationships rather than stack opinions. A sentence such as “social media harms relationships” is only a claim. The composition becomes convincing when it explains whether the harm comes from fragmented attention, public comparison, privacy intrusion, manipulation, cyberbullying, superficial interaction or another specific mechanism.

The counterargument should be strong enough to deserve an answer. For example, digital communities can provide companionship, accessibility and belonging to people who are geographically isolated or who struggle to find similar peers offline. The response should not dismiss that benefit. Instead, qualify the main claim: perhaps technology strengthens relationships when it supports reciprocity and meaningful interaction, but weakens them when engagement metrics replace attention and trust. A qualified conclusion is usually more credible than an absolute one.

Narrative / Reflective Structure

Situation → Disruption → Choice → Consequence → Response → Change. Begin with a normal relationship or routine, introduce a digital disruption, force the character to decide something, then allow the consequence to reveal character. The best technology narratives are still human stories. A phone, post or algorithm is not a protagonist. The composition needs someone who chooses, hides, shares, regrets, apologises, protects, confronts or changes.

Reflection should grow from the event. Avoid attaching a generic moral such as “I learnt that social media is bad.” A stronger ending names the distinction discovered through experience: privacy is not secrecy; popularity is not companionship; frequent interaction is not intimacy; deleting a post does not guarantee its disappearance; an apology without changed behaviour does not restore trust. Those distinctions make reflection feel earned.

Descriptive Structure

Description should select details that support one atmosphere or idea. A crowded train can be described as quiet because nearly every passenger is absorbed in a screen. A family dinner can be physically close but emotionally fragmented. A school corridor after a viral incident can feel unusually exposed because whispers, glances and notifications follow the same student. The vocabulary in this list helps description move beyond colour and sound into social meaning.

Common Vocabulary Mistakes in SEC Composition

Using a strong word without enough evidence. Calling ordinary device use “addictive” or every disagreement “harassment” reduces precision.
Confusing misinformation with disinformation. The first can be accidental; the second is deliberately deceptive.
Treating privacy as secrecy. Privacy is control over access, not proof that someone is hiding wrongdoing.
Equating connection with intimacy. Frequent contact can exist without trust or depth.
Using ‘algorithm’ as a magical cause. Explain what the system ranks or recommends and how that changes exposure.
Writing ‘technology causes…’ without a mechanism. Name the pathway: comparison, distraction, amplification, surveillance, accessibility, companionship or another process.
Keyword stuffing. Four precise words in a developed paragraph are usually stronger than twelve advanced words squeezed into unnatural sentences.
Forgetting collocations. Learn natural combinations such as restore trust, verify a source, set boundaries, public scrutiny and proportionate response.
Ignoring counterexamples. Digital tools can harm and help depending on design, habits and context. A strong essay controls that complexity rather than hiding it.
Ending with a slogan. A conclusion should state what the reasoning now allows the writer to claim and under what conditions.

100 Retrieval and Transfer Checks

Practice 1: Algorithm

Without looking back at the table, explain Algorithm in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: recommendation algorithm; algorithmic ranking; algorithmic bias. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 2: Amplify

Without looking back at the table, explain Amplify in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: amplify a message; amplify outrage; amplify a voice. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 3: Anonymous

Without looking back at the table, explain Anonymous in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: anonymous account; anonymous comment; remain anonymous. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 4: Authentic

Without looking back at the table, explain Authentic in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: authentic voice; authentic relationship; authentic self. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 5: Autonomy

Without looking back at the table, explain Autonomy in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: personal autonomy; digital autonomy; preserve autonomy. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 6: Boundary

Without looking back at the table, explain Boundary in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: personal boundary; healthy boundary; set boundaries. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 7: Candid

Without looking back at the table, explain Candid in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: candid conversation; candid admission; candid response. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 8: Companionship

Without looking back at the table, explain Companionship in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: offer companionship; sense of companionship; digital companionship. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 9: Connection

Without looking back at the table, explain Connection in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: human connection; social connection; maintain connection. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 10: Consequence

Without looking back at the table, explain Consequence in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: serious consequence; unintended consequence; face consequences. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 11: Credibility

Without looking back at the table, explain Credibility in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: source credibility; establish credibility; damage credibility. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 12: Curated

Without looking back at the table, explain Curated in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: curated feed; curated image; carefully curated. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 13: Cyberbullying

Without looking back at the table, explain Cyberbullying in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: cyberbullying incident; prevent cyberbullying; victim of cyberbullying. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 14: Deceptive

Without looking back at the table, explain Deceptive in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: deceptive claim; deceptive design; deceptive impression. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 15: Dependency

Without looking back at the table, explain Dependency in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: digital dependency; emotional dependency; reduce dependency. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 16: Discerning

Without looking back at the table, explain Discerning in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: discerning reader; discerning judgement; become discerning. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 17: Disclosure

Without looking back at the table, explain Disclosure in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: full disclosure; data disclosure; require disclosure. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 18: Disinformation

Without looking back at the table, explain Disinformation in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: spread disinformation; targeted disinformation; counter disinformation. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 19: Distraction

Without looking back at the table, explain Distraction in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: constant distraction; digital distraction; minimise distraction. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 20: Distort

Without looking back at the table, explain Distort in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: distort reality; distort perception; distorted account. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 21: Echo chamber

Without looking back at the table, explain Echo chamber in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: online echo chamber; ideological echo chamber; escape an echo chamber. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 22: Empathy

Without looking back at the table, explain Empathy in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: show empathy; develop empathy; empathetic response. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 23: Engagement

Without looking back at the table, explain Engagement in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: user engagement; engagement metric; increase engagement. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 24: Ethical

Without looking back at the table, explain Ethical in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: ethical choice; ethical concern; ethical design. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 25: Exploit

Without looking back at the table, explain Exploit in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: exploit vulnerability; exploit data; commercial exploitation. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 26: Exposure

Without looking back at the table, explain Exposure in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: media exposure; public exposure; exposure to risk. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 27: Filter

Without looking back at the table, explain Filter in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: content filter; beauty filter; filter information. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 28: Fragmented

Without looking back at the table, explain Fragmented in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: fragmented attention; fragmented conversation; fragmented community. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 29: Harassment

Without looking back at the table, explain Harassment in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: online harassment; repeated harassment; report harassment. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 30: Identity

Without looking back at the table, explain Identity in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: digital identity; personal identity; shape identity. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 31: Impersonate

Without looking back at the table, explain Impersonate in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: impersonate a user; online impersonation; impersonate someone. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 32: Influence

Without looking back at the table, explain Influence in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: social influence; peer influence; influence behaviour. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 33: Intimacy

Without looking back at the table, explain Intimacy in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: emotional intimacy; build intimacy; sense of intimacy. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 34: Intrusion

Without looking back at the table, explain Intrusion in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: privacy intrusion; intrusive notification; intrusion into private life. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 35: Isolation

Without looking back at the table, explain Isolation in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: social isolation; reduce isolation; sense of isolation. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 36: Loneliness

Without looking back at the table, explain Loneliness in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: feel loneliness; persistent loneliness; ease loneliness. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 37: Manipulate

Without looking back at the table, explain Manipulate in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: manipulate behaviour; emotional manipulation; manipulate attention. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 38: Meaningful

Without looking back at the table, explain Meaningful in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: meaningful relationship; meaningful conversation; meaningful participation. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 39: Misinformation

Without looking back at the table, explain Misinformation in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: spread misinformation; correct misinformation; misleading information. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 40: Moderation

Without looking back at the table, explain Moderation in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: content moderation; platform moderation; moderation policy. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 41: Notification

Without looking back at the table, explain Notification in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: push notification; notification setting; disable notifications. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 42: Nuance

Without looking back at the table, explain Nuance in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: add nuance; nuanced view; important nuance. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 43: Oversharing

Without looking back at the table, explain Oversharing in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: online oversharing; risk of oversharing; avoid oversharing. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 44: Parasocial

Without looking back at the table, explain Parasocial in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: parasocial relationship; parasocial bond; parasocial attachment. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 45: Perception

Without looking back at the table, explain Perception in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: public perception; shape perception; distorted perception. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 46: Permanence

Without looking back at the table, explain Permanence in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: digital permanence; sense of permanence; long-term permanence. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 47: Persuasive

Without looking back at the table, explain Persuasive in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: persuasive language; persuasive design; persuasive argument. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 48: Platform

Without looking back at the table, explain Platform in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: social platform; digital platform; platform policy. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 49: Polarisation

Without looking back at the table, explain Polarisation in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: political polarisation; social polarisation; deepen polarisation. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 50: Privacy

Without looking back at the table, explain Privacy in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: data privacy; protect privacy; privacy setting. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 51: Profile

Without looking back at the table, explain Profile in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: online profile; user profile; public profile. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 52: Recommendation

Without looking back at the table, explain Recommendation in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: content recommendation; recommendation system; personalised recommendation. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 53: Reciprocity

Without looking back at the table, explain Reciprocity in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: mutual reciprocity; reciprocal support; lack of reciprocity. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 54: Regulation

Without looking back at the table, explain Regulation in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: digital regulation; platform regulation; regulatory framework. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 55: Reputation

Without looking back at the table, explain Reputation in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: online reputation; protect reputation; reputational damage. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 56: Resilience

Without looking back at the table, explain Resilience in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: build resilience; emotional resilience; digital resilience. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 57: Safeguard

Without looking back at the table, explain Safeguard in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: safety safeguard; introduce safeguards; protective safeguard. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 58: Sceptical

Without looking back at the table, explain Sceptical in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: healthy scepticism; remain sceptical; sceptical reader. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 59: Screen time

Without looking back at the table, explain Screen time in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: screen-time limit; manage screen time; excessive screen time. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 60: Self-esteem

Without looking back at the table, explain Self-esteem in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: healthy self-esteem; damage self-esteem; protect self-esteem. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 61: Sensationalism

Without looking back at the table, explain Sensationalism in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: media sensationalism; sensationalist headline; avoid sensationalism. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 62: Sincerity

Without looking back at the table, explain Sincerity in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: sincere apology; question sincerity; demonstrate sincerity. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 63: Social validation

Without looking back at the table, explain Social validation in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: seek social validation; need for validation; external validation. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 64: Superficial

Without looking back at the table, explain Superficial in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: superficial interaction; superficial relationship; superficial impression. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 65: Surveillance

Without looking back at the table, explain Surveillance in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: digital surveillance; constant surveillance; surveillance technology. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 66: Transparency

Without looking back at the table, explain Transparency in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: greater transparency; algorithmic transparency; transparency about sponsorship. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 67: Trust

Without looking back at the table, explain Trust in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: build trust; breach trust; restore trust. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 68: Validation

Without looking back at the table, explain Validation in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: emotional validation; seek validation; validate concerns. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 69: Verify

Without looking back at the table, explain Verify in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: verify a claim; verify a source; independently verify. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 70: Viral

Without looking back at the table, explain Viral in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: viral post; go viral; viral content. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 71: Vulnerable

Without looking back at the table, explain Vulnerable in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: vulnerable user; vulnerable group; emotionally vulnerable. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 72: Wellbeing

Without looking back at the table, explain Wellbeing in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: digital wellbeing; emotional wellbeing; support wellbeing. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 73: Accountability

Without looking back at the table, explain Accountability in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: public accountability; platform accountability; hold accountable. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 74: Accessibility

Without looking back at the table, explain Accessibility in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: digital accessibility; improve accessibility; accessible design. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 75: Addictive

Without looking back at the table, explain Addictive in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: addictive design; addictive behaviour; potentially addictive. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 76: Alienation

Without looking back at the table, explain Alienation in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: social alienation; feel alienated; growing alienation. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 77: Ambiguity

Without looking back at the table, explain Ambiguity in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: linguistic ambiguity; create ambiguity; resolve ambiguity. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 78: Attention

Without looking back at the table, explain Attention in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: capture attention; divided attention; attention economy. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 79: Bias

Without looking back at the table, explain Bias in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: implicit bias; algorithmic bias; media bias. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 80: Compulsive

Without looking back at the table, explain Compulsive in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: compulsive checking; compulsive use; compulsive behaviour. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 81: Consent

Without looking back at the table, explain Consent in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: informed consent; obtain consent; consent to sharing. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 82: Deliberate

Without looking back at the table, explain Deliberate in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: deliberate choice; deliberate pause; deliberate action. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 83: Detachment

Without looking back at the table, explain Detachment in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: emotional detachment; sense of detachment; detached response. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 84: Dialogue

Without looking back at the table, explain Dialogue in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: open dialogue; constructive dialogue; encourage dialogue. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 85: Digital footprint

Without looking back at the table, explain Digital footprint in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: manage a digital footprint; online footprint; lasting digital footprint. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 86: Immersive

Without looking back at the table, explain Immersive in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: immersive technology; immersive experience; highly immersive. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 87: Interaction

Without looking back at the table, explain Interaction in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: social interaction; meaningful interaction; online interaction. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 88: Intervention

Without looking back at the table, explain Intervention in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: timely intervention; targeted intervention; intervention strategy. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 89: Proportionate

Without looking back at the table, explain Proportionate in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: proportionate response; proportionate measure; proportionate penalty. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 90: Reconciliation

Without looking back at the table, explain Reconciliation in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: seek reconciliation; path to reconciliation; genuine reconciliation. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 91: Responsible

Without looking back at the table, explain Responsible in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: responsible use; responsible sharing; socially responsible. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 92: Scrutiny

Without looking back at the table, explain Scrutiny in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: public scrutiny; careful scrutiny; withstand scrutiny. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 93: Substantiate

Without looking back at the table, explain Substantiate in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: substantiate a claim; substantiate an argument; evidence to substantiate. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 94: Trade-off

Without looking back at the table, explain Trade-off in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: weigh the trade-off; unavoidable trade-off; privacy trade-off. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 95: Implication

Without looking back at the table, explain Implication in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: practical implication; wider implication; implication for students. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 96: Counterargument

Without looking back at the table, explain Counterargument in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: address a counterargument; strong counterargument; respond to a counterargument. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 97: Qualify

Without looking back at the table, explain Qualify in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: qualify a claim; carefully qualify; qualified conclusion. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 98: Balanced

Without looking back at the table, explain Balanced in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: balanced view; balanced argument; balanced use. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 99: Compassion

Without looking back at the table, explain Compassion in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: show compassion; compassionate response; act with compassion. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

Practice 100: Community

Without looking back at the table, explain Community in your own words. Then write one sentence using one of these natural combinations: online community; school community; sense of community. Next, write a second sentence in which the word would be inaccurate or too strong, and explain why. Finally, connect the word to one nearby idea from the list and state the difference between them. This final contrast is important because vocabulary mastery depends on boundaries of meaning, not only on remembering a definition.

A Practical Weekly Routine for This SEC Vocabulary Theme

Day 1: learn ten words through meaning and contrast. Day 2: retrieve them without looking and repair the weak ones. Day 3: use five words in one developed argumentative paragraph. Day 4: use five different words in a narrative or reflective scene. Day 5: read an article or watch a credible current-affairs segment and identify where the vocabulary would or would not apply. Day 6: attempt one timed composition plan from the prompt bank. Day 7: review the error log. The aim is not to finish the list quickly; it is to make the words available when the task changes.

For wider progression, use the eduKateSG Vocabulary Hub, the English Learning Hub, and the Top 100 Vocabulary Words with Meanings for SEC Examinations English. The official examination transition is described by the Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board SEC information page.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is this an official SEAB Top 100 list?

No. This is an eduKate-curated learning list built to help secondary students practise vocabulary for composition, comprehension, oral discussion and wider English use. SEAB publishes syllabuses and assessment requirements, not this eduKate word selection.

Why include phrases such as “echo chamber”, “screen time” and “digital footprint”?

Because useful vocabulary is not limited to single words. Fixed and semi-fixed phrases often carry concepts that students need in contemporary compositions. The test is whether the expression is natural, precise and relevant.

Must I use difficult vocabulary to score well?

No. The stronger principle is precise vocabulary used accurately. Ambition is useful when it allows a student to express a more exact idea, relationship or judgement. Rare vocabulary that damages clarity is not an improvement.

How many of these words should appear in one composition?

There is no fixed number. A good paragraph may need only two or three theme words. Use the words that the content genuinely requires and let ordinary English do the rest.

Can these words be used for narrative writing?

Yes. Words such as candid, boundary, trust, ambiguity, deliberate, validation, reconciliation, vulnerability, compassion and consequence are especially useful in narratives because they describe choices, relationships and change.

Can these words be used for argumentative writing?

Yes. Terms such as algorithm, credibility, misinformation, regulation, accountability, scrutiny, substantiate, trade-off, counterargument, qualify and proportionate are particularly useful for analytical writing.

How should I learn the examples?

Do not memorise them as model sentences to reproduce. Cover the example, explain the meaning, then create a new sentence in a different context. Retrieval and transfer are stronger evidence of learning than recognition.

What is the fastest way to sound more natural?

Learn collocations. Instead of memorising isolated words, learn combinations such as restore trust, obtain consent, verify a claim, public scrutiny, digital wellbeing, online harassment and proportionate response.

How does this connect to the new SEC?

From 2027, students sit the Singapore-Cambridge Secondary Education Certificate at G1, G2 or G3 subject levels. This page is a supplementary vocabulary resource for English learning; students should use their official syllabus and school guidance for the exact assessment requirements.

What should I do after this theme?

Move to another composition theme and reuse the same method: short list first, meanings and genuine examples, collocations, contrasts, paragraph transfer, prompt planning and timed writing. Over time, the theme banks should connect rather than remain isolated.