Top 100 SEC (Singapore Education Vocabulary) Vocabulary List | Composition Theme: Childhood, Growing Up and Independence
Here are 100 SEC-ready vocabulary words for the composition theme Childhood, Growing Up and Independence. This eduKate-curated list is for Singapore secondary English composition practice rather than an official SEAB prescribed word list. Start with the 100 words immediately, then move into meanings, composition use and transfer work.
- Childhood
- Adolescence
- Growing up
- Maturity
- Independence
- Autonomy
- Responsibility
- Freedom
- Choice
- Decision
- Identity
- Self-discovery
- Self-awareness
- Confidence
- Self-belief
- Self-esteem
- Insecurity
- Curiosity
- Imagination
- Play
- Friendship
- Peer group
- Belonging
- Family
- Sibling
- Parent
- Guardian
- Guidance
- Protection
- Care
- Trust
- Respect
- Discipline
- Boundary
- Rule
- Expectation
- Pressure
- Peer pressure
- Conformity
- Rebellion
- Obedience
- Negotiation
- Compromise
- Conflict
- Misunderstanding
- Communication
- Listening
- Empathy
- Forgiveness
- Reconciliation
- Education
- School
- Teacher
- Mentor
- Learning
- Growth
- Challenge
- Failure
- Success
- Achievement
- Effort
- Persistence
- Resilience
- Adaptation
- Transition
- Change
- Routine
- Habit
- Memory
- Nostalgia
- First experience
- Milestone
- Initiation
- Opportunity
- Risk
- Courage
- Fear
- Mistake
- Consequence
- Accountability
- Apology
- Regret
- Reflection
- Perspective
- Judgement
- Values
- Principle
- Character
- Integrity
- Kindness
- Compassion
- Generosity
- Responsibility sharing
- Household duty
- Allowance
- Saving
- Time management
- Privacy
- Digital independence
- Coming of age
Top 100 SEC Vocabulary Words: Childhood, Growing Up and Independence — Meanings and Composition Use
| Word / Phrase | Meaning | Composition Use |
|---|---|---|
| Childhood | the period of life before adulthood | Use Childhood when the paragraph needs to express the period of life before adulthood. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Adolescence | the stage between childhood and adulthood marked by growing independence | Use Adolescence when the paragraph needs to express the stage between childhood and adulthood marked by growing independence. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Growing up | the gradual process of becoming more mature and responsible | Use Growing up when the paragraph needs to express the gradual process of becoming more mature and responsible. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Maturity | development towards better judgement, responsibility and self-control | Use Maturity when the paragraph needs to express development towards better judgement, responsibility and self-control. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Independence | the ability to manage one’s own choices and responsibilities | Use Independence when the paragraph needs to express the ability to manage one’s own choices and responsibilities. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Autonomy | the ability to make informed choices about one’s own life | Use Autonomy when the paragraph needs to express the ability to make informed choices about one’s own life. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Responsibility | the duty to act and answer for consequences | Use Responsibility when the paragraph needs to express the duty to act and answer for consequences. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Freedom | the ability to act or choose without unreasonable restriction | Use Freedom when the paragraph needs to express the ability to act or choose without unreasonable restriction. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Choice | an act of selecting between alternatives | Use Choice when the paragraph needs to express an act of selecting between alternatives. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Decision | a choice made after considering options | Use Decision when the paragraph needs to express a choice made after considering options. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Identity | a person’s sense of who they are | Use Identity when the paragraph needs to express a person’s sense of who they are. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Self-discovery | the process of learning more about one’s values, abilities and identity | Use Self-discovery when the paragraph needs to express the process of learning more about one’s values, abilities and identity. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Self-awareness | understanding one’s own emotions, strengths, habits and limits | Use Self-awareness when the paragraph needs to express understanding one’s own emotions, strengths, habits and limits. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Confidence | belief in one’s ability or judgement | Use Confidence when the paragraph needs to express belief in one’s ability or judgement. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Self-belief | confidence in one’s capacity to improve or succeed | Use Self-belief when the paragraph needs to express confidence in one’s capacity to improve or succeed. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Self-esteem | a person’s sense of overall worth and value | Use Self-esteem when the paragraph needs to express a person’s sense of overall worth and value. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Insecurity | lack of confidence about one’s worth, ability or acceptance | Use Insecurity when the paragraph needs to express lack of confidence about one’s worth, ability or acceptance. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Curiosity | a desire to know, understand or experience something unfamiliar | Use Curiosity when the paragraph needs to express a desire to know, understand or experience something unfamiliar. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Imagination | the ability to form ideas, possibilities or images beyond immediate reality | Use Imagination when the paragraph needs to express the ability to form ideas, possibilities or images beyond immediate reality. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Play | activity done for enjoyment, exploration or social development | Use Play when the paragraph needs to express activity done for enjoyment, exploration or social development. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Friendship | a voluntary relationship built through affection, trust and support | Use Friendship when the paragraph needs to express a voluntary relationship built through affection, trust and support. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Peer group | people of similar age or status who influence one another | Use Peer group when the paragraph needs to express people of similar age or status who influence one another. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Belonging | the feeling of being accepted, valued and part of a group | Use Belonging when the paragraph needs to express the feeling of being accepted, valued and part of a group. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Family | a group connected through kinship, care or enduring relationship | Use Family when the paragraph needs to express a group connected through kinship, care or enduring relationship. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Sibling | a brother or sister | Use Sibling when the paragraph needs to express a brother or sister. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Parent | a person with primary responsibility for raising a child | Use Parent when the paragraph needs to express a person with primary responsibility for raising a child. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Guardian | a person responsible for protecting and caring for another person | Use Guardian when the paragraph needs to express a person responsible for protecting and caring for another person. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Guidance | advice or direction that helps someone make decisions or progress | Use Guidance when the paragraph needs to express advice or direction that helps someone make decisions or progress. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Protection | action taken to keep someone safe from harm | Use Protection when the paragraph needs to express action taken to keep someone safe from harm. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Care | attention and action directed towards another person’s wellbeing | Use Care when the paragraph needs to express attention and action directed towards another person’s wellbeing. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Trust | confidence that another person is honest, reliable and safe | Use Trust when the paragraph needs to express confidence that another person is honest, reliable and safe. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Respect | recognition of another person’s dignity, rights and views | Use Respect when the paragraph needs to express recognition of another person’s dignity, rights and views. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Discipline | the ability to control behaviour and follow necessary standards | Use Discipline when the paragraph needs to express the ability to control behaviour and follow necessary standards. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Boundary | a limit that protects privacy, safety or responsibility | Use Boundary when the paragraph needs to express a limit that protects privacy, safety or responsibility. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Rule | a standard that guides or controls behaviour | Use Rule when the paragraph needs to express a standard that guides or controls behaviour. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Expectation | a belief about what someone should do or become | Use Expectation when the paragraph needs to express a belief about what someone should do or become. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Pressure | stress created by demands, consequences or social influence | Use Pressure when the paragraph needs to express stress created by demands, consequences or social influence. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Peer pressure | social influence that encourages conformity with a group | Use Peer pressure when the paragraph needs to express social influence that encourages conformity with a group. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Conformity | behaviour that matches group expectations or norms | Use Conformity when the paragraph needs to express behaviour that matches group expectations or norms. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Rebellion | deliberate resistance to authority, rules or expectations | Use Rebellion when the paragraph needs to express deliberate resistance to authority, rules or expectations. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Obedience | compliance with instructions, authority or rules | Use Obedience when the paragraph needs to express compliance with instructions, authority or rules. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Negotiation | discussion aimed at reaching agreement between different interests | Use Negotiation when the paragraph needs to express discussion aimed at reaching agreement between different interests. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Compromise | an agreement reached when each side adjusts something | Use Compromise when the paragraph needs to express an agreement reached when each side adjusts something. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Conflict | a serious disagreement between people or needs | Use Conflict when the paragraph needs to express a serious disagreement between people or needs. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Misunderstanding | a failure to interpret another person’s meaning correctly | Use Misunderstanding when the paragraph needs to express a failure to interpret another person’s meaning correctly. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Communication | the exchange of information, ideas and meaning | Use Communication when the paragraph needs to express the exchange of information, ideas and meaning. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Listening | giving careful attention in order to understand another person | Use Listening when the paragraph needs to express giving careful attention in order to understand another person. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Empathy | the ability to understand another person’s feelings or perspective | Use Empathy when the paragraph needs to express the ability to understand another person’s feelings or perspective. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Forgiveness | the decision to stop holding a wrong against someone | Use Forgiveness when the paragraph needs to express the decision to stop holding a wrong against someone. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Reconciliation | the restoration of a workable relationship after conflict | Use Reconciliation when the paragraph needs to express the restoration of a workable relationship after conflict. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Education | the process of developing knowledge, skills, judgement and understanding | Use Education when the paragraph needs to express the process of developing knowledge, skills, judgement and understanding. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| School | an institution organised to support learning and development | Use School when the paragraph needs to express an institution organised to support learning and development. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Teacher | a person who guides and supports learning | Use Teacher when the paragraph needs to express a person who guides and supports learning. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Mentor | a more experienced person who provides guidance and support | Use Mentor when the paragraph needs to express a more experienced person who provides guidance and support. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Learning | the process of gaining knowledge, skill or understanding | Use Learning when the paragraph needs to express the process of gaining knowledge, skill or understanding. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Growth | development towards greater capability, maturity or understanding | Use Growth when the paragraph needs to express development towards greater capability, maturity or understanding. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Challenge | a difficult situation that tests ability or judgement | Use Challenge when the paragraph needs to express a difficult situation that tests ability or judgement. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Failure | lack of success in achieving an intended result | Use Failure when the paragraph needs to express lack of success in achieving an intended result. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Success | achievement of an intended or valued outcome | Use Success when the paragraph needs to express achievement of an intended or valued outcome. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Achievement | something successfully completed through effort or ability | Use Achievement when the paragraph needs to express something successfully completed through effort or ability. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Effort | mental or physical energy used to accomplish something | Use Effort when the paragraph needs to express mental or physical energy used to accomplish something. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Persistence | continued effort despite difficulty or delay | Use Persistence when the paragraph needs to express continued effort despite difficulty or delay. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Resilience | the capacity to recover, adapt and continue after difficulty | Use Resilience when the paragraph needs to express the capacity to recover, adapt and continue after difficulty. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Adaptation | adjustment to new environments, roles or expectations | Use Adaptation when the paragraph needs to express adjustment to new environments, roles or expectations. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Transition | the process of moving from one stage or condition to another | Use Transition when the paragraph needs to express the process of moving from one stage or condition to another. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Change | a difference that alters a situation, role or outlook | Use Change when the paragraph needs to express a difference that alters a situation, role or outlook. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Routine | a regular pattern of activity that creates predictability | Use Routine when the paragraph needs to express a regular pattern of activity that creates predictability. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Habit | a behaviour repeated often enough to become usual | Use Habit when the paragraph needs to express a behaviour repeated often enough to become usual. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Memory | a remembered experience or the ability to retain past experiences | Use Memory when the paragraph needs to express a remembered experience or the ability to retain past experiences. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Nostalgia | a warm or bittersweet longing for the past | Use Nostalgia when the paragraph needs to express a warm or bittersweet longing for the past. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| First experience | an event encountered for the first time and often remembered strongly | Use First experience when the paragraph needs to express an event encountered for the first time and often remembered strongly. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Milestone | an important stage that marks progress in development | Use Milestone when the paragraph needs to express an important stage that marks progress in development. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Initiation | an experience that marks entry into a new group, role or stage | Use Initiation when the paragraph needs to express an experience that marks entry into a new group, role or stage. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Opportunity | a favourable situation that makes progress or action possible | Use Opportunity when the paragraph needs to express a favourable situation that makes progress or action possible. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Risk | the possibility of harm, loss or an unfavourable outcome | Use Risk when the paragraph needs to express the possibility of harm, loss or an unfavourable outcome. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Courage | the ability to act despite fear or uncertainty | Use Courage when the paragraph needs to express the ability to act despite fear or uncertainty. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Fear | an emotional response to danger, threat or uncertainty | Use Fear when the paragraph needs to express an emotional response to danger, threat or uncertainty. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Mistake | an action or judgement that produces an unintended or incorrect result | Use Mistake when the paragraph needs to express an action or judgement that produces an unintended or incorrect result. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Consequence | a result that follows from an action or decision | Use Consequence when the paragraph needs to express a result that follows from an action or decision. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Accountability | the duty to explain actions and take ownership of consequences | Use Accountability when the paragraph needs to express the duty to explain actions and take ownership of consequences. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Apology | an expression of regret and responsibility for harm | Use Apology when the paragraph needs to express an expression of regret and responsibility for harm. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Regret | sadness about a past action, decision or missed opportunity | Use Regret when the paragraph needs to express sadness about a past action, decision or missed opportunity. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Reflection | careful thought about experience in order to learn from it | Use Reflection when the paragraph needs to express careful thought about experience in order to learn from it. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Perspective | a way of understanding something shaped by experience | Use Perspective when the paragraph needs to express a way of understanding something shaped by experience. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Judgement | the ability to make sensible decisions based on evidence and context | Use Judgement when the paragraph needs to express the ability to make sensible decisions based on evidence and context. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Values | principles that guide judgements about what is important or right | Use Values when the paragraph needs to express principles that guide judgements about what is important or right. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Principle | a rule or value that guides behaviour | Use Principle when the paragraph needs to express a rule or value that guides behaviour. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Character | the moral and personal qualities shown through repeated choices | Use Character when the paragraph needs to express the moral and personal qualities shown through repeated choices. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Integrity | the quality of acting consistently with sound moral principles | Use Integrity when the paragraph needs to express the quality of acting consistently with sound moral principles. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Kindness | behaviour that shows care, consideration and goodwill | Use Kindness when the paragraph needs to express behaviour that shows care, consideration and goodwill. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Compassion | concern for another person’s suffering together with a desire to help | Use Compassion when the paragraph needs to express concern for another person’s suffering together with a desire to help. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Generosity | willingness to give time, attention, resources or help | Use Generosity when the paragraph needs to express willingness to give time, attention, resources or help. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Responsibility sharing | the distribution of duties among people rather than leaving them to one person | Use Responsibility sharing when the paragraph needs to express the distribution of duties among people rather than leaving them to one person. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Household duty | a practical responsibility involved in maintaining a home | Use Household duty when the paragraph needs to express a practical responsibility involved in maintaining a home. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Allowance | money provided regularly for personal or specific expenses | Use Allowance when the paragraph needs to express money provided regularly for personal or specific expenses. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Saving | setting money aside for future use | Use Saving when the paragraph needs to express setting money aside for future use. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Time management | the planning and control of how time is used | Use Time management when the paragraph needs to express the planning and control of how time is used. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Privacy | the ability to control access to personal information or space | Use Privacy when the paragraph needs to express the ability to control access to personal information or space. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Digital independence | the ability to use digital tools responsibly with increasing personal control | Use Digital independence when the paragraph needs to express the ability to use digital tools responsibly with increasing personal control. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
| Coming of age | the transition towards adult identity, responsibility and social expectations | Use Coming of age when the paragraph needs to express the transition towards adult identity, responsibility and social expectations. Support the term with a clear action, exchange or consequence. |
Why Childhood, Growing Up and Independence Is a High-Value SEC Composition Theme
Growing up is a natural SEC composition theme because it contains first experiences, changing responsibilities, mistakes, friendship shifts, family expectations and the gradual move from dependence to independence. A strong story does not announce that a character “became mature”. It shows a choice that could not have been made earlier, followed by a consequence the character is willing to own.
Childhood and adolescence also support reflective writing about memory, nostalgia, rules, freedom, privacy and changing relationships with parents or peers. The most mature answers avoid treating independence as needing nobody. Independence grows alongside judgement, accountability and healthy interdependence.
Folded Into the Wider eduKate Ecosystem
How to Grow Up Properly connects schooling to adulthood and judgement. Family, Responsibility and Sacrifice owns family duty, while Identity, Belonging and Self-Discovery owns identity formation.
The wider network continues through eduKateSG, eduKateSingapore, eduKateYishun, eduKatePunggol, eduKateSengkang, BukitTimahTutor and SETC. This article remains the exact SEC composition-theme vocabulary owner.
Word-by-Word SEC Composition Application Guide
1. Childhood
Working meaning: the period of life before adulthood. Use Childhood only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Childhood in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
2. Adolescence
Working meaning: the stage between childhood and adulthood marked by growing independence. Use Adolescence only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Adolescence in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
3. Growing up
Working meaning: the gradual process of becoming more mature and responsible. Use Growing up only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Growing up in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
4. Maturity
Working meaning: development towards better judgement, responsibility and self-control. Use Maturity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Maturity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
5. Independence
Working meaning: the ability to manage one’s own choices and responsibilities. Use Independence only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Independence in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
6. Autonomy
Working meaning: the ability to make informed choices about one’s own life. Use Autonomy only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Autonomy in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
7. Responsibility
Working meaning: the duty to act and answer for consequences. Use Responsibility only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Responsibility in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
8. Freedom
Working meaning: the ability to act or choose without unreasonable restriction. Use Freedom only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Freedom in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
9. Choice
Working meaning: an act of selecting between alternatives. Use Choice only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Choice in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
10. Decision
Working meaning: a choice made after considering options. Use Decision only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Decision in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
11. Identity
Working meaning: a person’s sense of who they are. Use Identity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Identity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
12. Self-discovery
Working meaning: the process of learning more about one’s values, abilities and identity. Use Self-discovery only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Self-discovery in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
13. Self-awareness
Working meaning: understanding one’s own emotions, strengths, habits and limits. Use Self-awareness only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Self-awareness in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
14. Confidence
Working meaning: belief in one’s ability or judgement. Use Confidence only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Confidence in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
15. Self-belief
Working meaning: confidence in one’s capacity to improve or succeed. Use Self-belief only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Self-belief in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
16. Self-esteem
Working meaning: a person’s sense of overall worth and value. Use Self-esteem only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Self-esteem in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
17. Insecurity
Working meaning: lack of confidence about one’s worth, ability or acceptance. Use Insecurity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Insecurity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
18. Curiosity
Working meaning: a desire to know, understand or experience something unfamiliar. Use Curiosity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Curiosity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
19. Imagination
Working meaning: the ability to form ideas, possibilities or images beyond immediate reality. Use Imagination only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Imagination in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
20. Play
Working meaning: activity done for enjoyment, exploration or social development. Use Play only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Play in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
21. Friendship
Working meaning: a voluntary relationship built through affection, trust and support. Use Friendship only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Friendship in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
22. Peer group
Working meaning: people of similar age or status who influence one another. Use Peer group only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Peer group in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
23. Belonging
Working meaning: the feeling of being accepted, valued and part of a group. Use Belonging only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Belonging in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
24. Family
Working meaning: a group connected through kinship, care or enduring relationship. Use Family only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Family in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
25. Sibling
Working meaning: a brother or sister. Use Sibling only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Sibling in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
26. Parent
Working meaning: a person with primary responsibility for raising a child. Use Parent only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Parent in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
27. Guardian
Working meaning: a person responsible for protecting and caring for another person. Use Guardian only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Guardian in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
28. Guidance
Working meaning: advice or direction that helps someone make decisions or progress. Use Guidance only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Guidance in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
29. Protection
Working meaning: action taken to keep someone safe from harm. Use Protection only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Protection in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
30. Care
Working meaning: attention and action directed towards another person’s wellbeing. Use Care only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Care in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
31. Trust
Working meaning: confidence that another person is honest, reliable and safe. Use Trust only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Trust in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
32. Respect
Working meaning: recognition of another person’s dignity, rights and views. Use Respect only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Respect in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
33. Discipline
Working meaning: the ability to control behaviour and follow necessary standards. Use Discipline only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Discipline in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
34. Boundary
Working meaning: a limit that protects privacy, safety or responsibility. Use Boundary only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Boundary in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
35. Rule
Working meaning: a standard that guides or controls behaviour. Use Rule only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Rule in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
36. Expectation
Working meaning: a belief about what someone should do or become. Use Expectation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Expectation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
37. Pressure
Working meaning: stress created by demands, consequences or social influence. Use Pressure only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Pressure in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
38. Peer pressure
Working meaning: social influence that encourages conformity with a group. Use Peer pressure only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Peer pressure in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
39. Conformity
Working meaning: behaviour that matches group expectations or norms. Use Conformity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Conformity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
40. Rebellion
Working meaning: deliberate resistance to authority, rules or expectations. Use Rebellion only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Rebellion in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
41. Obedience
Working meaning: compliance with instructions, authority or rules. Use Obedience only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Obedience in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
42. Negotiation
Working meaning: discussion aimed at reaching agreement between different interests. Use Negotiation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Negotiation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
43. Compromise
Working meaning: an agreement reached when each side adjusts something. Use Compromise only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Compromise in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
44. Conflict
Working meaning: a serious disagreement between people or needs. Use Conflict only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Conflict in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
45. Misunderstanding
Working meaning: a failure to interpret another person’s meaning correctly. Use Misunderstanding only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Misunderstanding in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
46. Communication
Working meaning: the exchange of information, ideas and meaning. Use Communication only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Communication in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
47. Listening
Working meaning: giving careful attention in order to understand another person. Use Listening only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Listening in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
48. Empathy
Working meaning: the ability to understand another person’s feelings or perspective. Use Empathy only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Empathy in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
49. Forgiveness
Working meaning: the decision to stop holding a wrong against someone. Use Forgiveness only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Forgiveness in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
50. Reconciliation
Working meaning: the restoration of a workable relationship after conflict. Use Reconciliation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Reconciliation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
51. Education
Working meaning: the process of developing knowledge, skills, judgement and understanding. Use Education only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Education in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
52. School
Working meaning: an institution organised to support learning and development. Use School only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use School in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
53. Teacher
Working meaning: a person who guides and supports learning. Use Teacher only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Teacher in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
54. Mentor
Working meaning: a more experienced person who provides guidance and support. Use Mentor only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Mentor in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
55. Learning
Working meaning: the process of gaining knowledge, skill or understanding. Use Learning only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Learning in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
56. Growth
Working meaning: development towards greater capability, maturity or understanding. Use Growth only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Growth in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
57. Challenge
Working meaning: a difficult situation that tests ability or judgement. Use Challenge only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Challenge in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
58. Failure
Working meaning: lack of success in achieving an intended result. Use Failure only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Failure in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
59. Success
Working meaning: achievement of an intended or valued outcome. Use Success only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Success in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
60. Achievement
Working meaning: something successfully completed through effort or ability. Use Achievement only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Achievement in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
61. Effort
Working meaning: mental or physical energy used to accomplish something. Use Effort only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Effort in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
62. Persistence
Working meaning: continued effort despite difficulty or delay. Use Persistence only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Persistence in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
63. Resilience
Working meaning: the capacity to recover, adapt and continue after difficulty. Use Resilience only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Resilience in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
64. Adaptation
Working meaning: adjustment to new environments, roles or expectations. Use Adaptation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Adaptation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
65. Transition
Working meaning: the process of moving from one stage or condition to another. Use Transition only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Transition in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
66. Change
Working meaning: a difference that alters a situation, role or outlook. Use Change only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Change in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
67. Routine
Working meaning: a regular pattern of activity that creates predictability. Use Routine only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Routine in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
68. Habit
Working meaning: a behaviour repeated often enough to become usual. Use Habit only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Habit in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
69. Memory
Working meaning: a remembered experience or the ability to retain past experiences. Use Memory only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Memory in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
70. Nostalgia
Working meaning: a warm or bittersweet longing for the past. Use Nostalgia only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Nostalgia in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
71. First experience
Working meaning: an event encountered for the first time and often remembered strongly. Use First experience only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use First experience in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
72. Milestone
Working meaning: an important stage that marks progress in development. Use Milestone only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Milestone in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
73. Initiation
Working meaning: an experience that marks entry into a new group, role or stage. Use Initiation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Initiation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
74. Opportunity
Working meaning: a favourable situation that makes progress or action possible. Use Opportunity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Opportunity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
75. Risk
Working meaning: the possibility of harm, loss or an unfavourable outcome. Use Risk only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Risk in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
76. Courage
Working meaning: the ability to act despite fear or uncertainty. Use Courage only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Courage in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
77. Fear
Working meaning: an emotional response to danger, threat or uncertainty. Use Fear only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Fear in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
78. Mistake
Working meaning: an action or judgement that produces an unintended or incorrect result. Use Mistake only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Mistake in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
79. Consequence
Working meaning: a result that follows from an action or decision. Use Consequence only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Consequence in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
80. Accountability
Working meaning: the duty to explain actions and take ownership of consequences. Use Accountability only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Accountability in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
81. Apology
Working meaning: an expression of regret and responsibility for harm. Use Apology only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Apology in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
82. Regret
Working meaning: sadness about a past action, decision or missed opportunity. Use Regret only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Regret in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
83. Reflection
Working meaning: careful thought about experience in order to learn from it. Use Reflection only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Reflection in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
84. Perspective
Working meaning: a way of understanding something shaped by experience. Use Perspective only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Perspective in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
85. Judgement
Working meaning: the ability to make sensible decisions based on evidence and context. Use Judgement only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Judgement in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
86. Values
Working meaning: principles that guide judgements about what is important or right. Use Values only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Values in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
87. Principle
Working meaning: a rule or value that guides behaviour. Use Principle only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Principle in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
88. Character
Working meaning: the moral and personal qualities shown through repeated choices. Use Character only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Character in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
89. Integrity
Working meaning: the quality of acting consistently with sound moral principles. Use Integrity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Integrity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
90. Kindness
Working meaning: behaviour that shows care, consideration and goodwill. Use Kindness only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Kindness in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
91. Compassion
Working meaning: concern for another person’s suffering together with a desire to help. Use Compassion only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Compassion in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
92. Generosity
Working meaning: willingness to give time, attention, resources or help. Use Generosity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Generosity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
93. Responsibility sharing
Working meaning: the distribution of duties among people rather than leaving them to one person. Use Responsibility sharing only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Responsibility sharing in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
94. Household duty
Working meaning: a practical responsibility involved in maintaining a home. Use Household duty only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Household duty in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
95. Allowance
Working meaning: money provided regularly for personal or specific expenses. Use Allowance only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Allowance in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
96. Saving
Working meaning: setting money aside for future use. Use Saving only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Saving in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
97. Time management
Working meaning: the planning and control of how time is used. Use Time management only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Time management in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
98. Privacy
Working meaning: the ability to control access to personal information or space. Use Privacy only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Privacy in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
99. Digital independence
Working meaning: the ability to use digital tools responsibly with increasing personal control. Use Digital independence only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Digital independence in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
100. Coming of age
Working meaning: the transition towards adult identity, responsibility and social expectations. Use Coming of age only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, conversation or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Coming of age in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, tone, relationship, choice or result. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
Ten Vocabulary Clusters for Fast Planning
Cluster 1: Childhood, Adolescence, Growing up
Childhood — the period of life before adulthood
Adolescence — the stage between childhood and adulthood marked by growing independence
Growing up — the gradual process of becoming more mature and responsible
Maturity — development towards better judgement, responsibility and self-control
Independence — the ability to manage one’s own choices and responsibilities
Autonomy — the ability to make informed choices about one’s own life
Responsibility — the duty to act and answer for consequences
Freedom — the ability to act or choose without unreasonable restriction
Choice — an act of selecting between alternatives
Decision — a choice made after considering options
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → exchange → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete scene.
Cluster 2: Identity, Self-discovery, Self-awareness
Identity — a person’s sense of who they are
Self-discovery — the process of learning more about one’s values, abilities and identity
Self-awareness — understanding one’s own emotions, strengths, habits and limits
Confidence — belief in one’s ability or judgement
Self-belief — confidence in one’s capacity to improve or succeed
Self-esteem — a person’s sense of overall worth and value
Insecurity — lack of confidence about one’s worth, ability or acceptance
Curiosity — a desire to know, understand or experience something unfamiliar
Imagination — the ability to form ideas, possibilities or images beyond immediate reality
Play — activity done for enjoyment, exploration or social development
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → exchange → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete scene.
Cluster 3: Friendship, Peer group, Belonging
Friendship — a voluntary relationship built through affection, trust and support
Peer group — people of similar age or status who influence one another
Belonging — the feeling of being accepted, valued and part of a group
Family — a group connected through kinship, care or enduring relationship
Sibling — a brother or sister
Parent — a person with primary responsibility for raising a child
Guardian — a person responsible for protecting and caring for another person
Guidance — advice or direction that helps someone make decisions or progress
Protection — action taken to keep someone safe from harm
Care — attention and action directed towards another person’s wellbeing
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → exchange → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete scene.
Cluster 4: Trust, Respect, Discipline
Trust — confidence that another person is honest, reliable and safe
Respect — recognition of another person’s dignity, rights and views
Discipline — the ability to control behaviour and follow necessary standards
Boundary — a limit that protects privacy, safety or responsibility
Rule — a standard that guides or controls behaviour
Expectation — a belief about what someone should do or become
Pressure — stress created by demands, consequences or social influence
Peer pressure — social influence that encourages conformity with a group
Conformity — behaviour that matches group expectations or norms
Rebellion — deliberate resistance to authority, rules or expectations
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → exchange → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete scene.
Cluster 5: Obedience, Negotiation, Compromise
Obedience — compliance with instructions, authority or rules
Negotiation — discussion aimed at reaching agreement between different interests
Compromise — an agreement reached when each side adjusts something
Conflict — a serious disagreement between people or needs
Misunderstanding — a failure to interpret another person’s meaning correctly
Communication — the exchange of information, ideas and meaning
Listening — giving careful attention in order to understand another person
Empathy — the ability to understand another person’s feelings or perspective
Forgiveness — the decision to stop holding a wrong against someone
Reconciliation — the restoration of a workable relationship after conflict
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → exchange → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete scene.
Cluster 6: Education, School, Teacher
Education — the process of developing knowledge, skills, judgement and understanding
School — an institution organised to support learning and development
Teacher — a person who guides and supports learning
Mentor — a more experienced person who provides guidance and support
Learning — the process of gaining knowledge, skill or understanding
Growth — development towards greater capability, maturity or understanding
Challenge — a difficult situation that tests ability or judgement
Failure — lack of success in achieving an intended result
Success — achievement of an intended or valued outcome
Achievement — something successfully completed through effort or ability
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → exchange → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete scene.
Cluster 7: Effort, Persistence, Resilience
Effort — mental or physical energy used to accomplish something
Persistence — continued effort despite difficulty or delay
Resilience — the capacity to recover, adapt and continue after difficulty
Adaptation — adjustment to new environments, roles or expectations
Transition — the process of moving from one stage or condition to another
Change — a difference that alters a situation, role or outlook
Routine — a regular pattern of activity that creates predictability
Habit — a behaviour repeated often enough to become usual
Memory — a remembered experience or the ability to retain past experiences
Nostalgia — a warm or bittersweet longing for the past
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → exchange → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete scene.
Cluster 8: First experience, Milestone, Initiation
First experience — an event encountered for the first time and often remembered strongly
Milestone — an important stage that marks progress in development
Initiation — an experience that marks entry into a new group, role or stage
Opportunity — a favourable situation that makes progress or action possible
Risk — the possibility of harm, loss or an unfavourable outcome
Courage — the ability to act despite fear or uncertainty
Fear — an emotional response to danger, threat or uncertainty
Mistake — an action or judgement that produces an unintended or incorrect result
Consequence — a result that follows from an action or decision
Accountability — the duty to explain actions and take ownership of consequences
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → exchange → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete scene.
Cluster 9: Apology, Regret, Reflection
Apology — an expression of regret and responsibility for harm
Regret — sadness about a past action, decision or missed opportunity
Reflection — careful thought about experience in order to learn from it
Perspective — a way of understanding something shaped by experience
Judgement — the ability to make sensible decisions based on evidence and context
Values — principles that guide judgements about what is important or right
Principle — a rule or value that guides behaviour
Character — the moral and personal qualities shown through repeated choices
Integrity — the quality of acting consistently with sound moral principles
Kindness — behaviour that shows care, consideration and goodwill
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → exchange → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete scene.
Cluster 10: Compassion, Generosity, Responsibility sharing
Compassion — concern for another person’s suffering together with a desire to help
Generosity — willingness to give time, attention, resources or help
Responsibility sharing — the distribution of duties among people rather than leaving them to one person
Household duty — a practical responsibility involved in maintaining a home
Allowance — money provided regularly for personal or specific expenses
Saving — setting money aside for future use
Time management — the planning and control of how time is used
Privacy — the ability to control access to personal information or space
Digital independence — the ability to use digital tools responsibly with increasing personal control
Coming of age — the transition towards adult identity, responsibility and social expectations
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → exchange → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete scene.
20 SEC Composition Prompts for Childhood, Growing Up and Independence
Prompt 1: Write about a first experience that made someone feel older.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 2: “Growing up means accepting consequences.” What are your views?
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 3: Describe a childhood memory that became more meaningful later.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 4: Write about a conflict over independence.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 5: “Rules should change as children become more responsible.” Discuss.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 6: Describe a time when peer pressure affected a decision.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 7: Write about a mistake that taught someone maturity.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 8: “Independence does not mean refusing help.” What are your views?
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 9: Describe a milestone that changed a family relationship.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 10: Write about a person learning to manage money or time.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 11: “Privacy becomes more important during adolescence.” Discuss.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 12: Describe a disagreement between a teenager and parent.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 13: Write about an old routine that someone eventually outgrew.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 14: “Confidence grows through responsibility.” What are your views?
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 15: Describe a moment when a young person stood by a principle.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 16: Write about a friendship that changed while people grew up.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 17: “Childhood should contain both freedom and boundaries.” Discuss.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 18: Describe a time when nostalgia made someone see the past differently.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 19: Write about someone becoming more independent at school.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 20: “Coming of age is a process, not a single moment.” What are your views?
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central exchange or choice visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
100 Retrieval and Transfer Checks
Practice 1: Childhood
Define Childhood from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 2: Adolescence
Define Adolescence from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 3: Growing up
Define Growing up from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 4: Maturity
Define Maturity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 5: Independence
Define Independence from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 6: Autonomy
Define Autonomy from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 7: Responsibility
Define Responsibility from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 8: Freedom
Define Freedom from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 9: Choice
Define Choice from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 10: Decision
Define Decision from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 11: Identity
Define Identity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 12: Self-discovery
Define Self-discovery from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 13: Self-awareness
Define Self-awareness from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 14: Confidence
Define Confidence from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 15: Self-belief
Define Self-belief from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 16: Self-esteem
Define Self-esteem from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 17: Insecurity
Define Insecurity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 18: Curiosity
Define Curiosity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 19: Imagination
Define Imagination from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 20: Play
Define Play from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 21: Friendship
Define Friendship from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 22: Peer group
Define Peer group from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 23: Belonging
Define Belonging from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 24: Family
Define Family from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 25: Sibling
Define Sibling from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 26: Parent
Define Parent from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 27: Guardian
Define Guardian from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 28: Guidance
Define Guidance from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 29: Protection
Define Protection from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 30: Care
Define Care from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 31: Trust
Define Trust from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 32: Respect
Define Respect from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 33: Discipline
Define Discipline from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 34: Boundary
Define Boundary from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 35: Rule
Define Rule from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 36: Expectation
Define Expectation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 37: Pressure
Define Pressure from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 38: Peer pressure
Define Peer pressure from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 39: Conformity
Define Conformity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 40: Rebellion
Define Rebellion from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 41: Obedience
Define Obedience from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 42: Negotiation
Define Negotiation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 43: Compromise
Define Compromise from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 44: Conflict
Define Conflict from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 45: Misunderstanding
Define Misunderstanding from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 46: Communication
Define Communication from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 47: Listening
Define Listening from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 48: Empathy
Define Empathy from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 49: Forgiveness
Define Forgiveness from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 50: Reconciliation
Define Reconciliation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 51: Education
Define Education from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 52: School
Define School from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 53: Teacher
Define Teacher from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 54: Mentor
Define Mentor from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 55: Learning
Define Learning from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 56: Growth
Define Growth from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 57: Challenge
Define Challenge from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 58: Failure
Define Failure from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 59: Success
Define Success from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 60: Achievement
Define Achievement from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 61: Effort
Define Effort from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 62: Persistence
Define Persistence from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 63: Resilience
Define Resilience from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 64: Adaptation
Define Adaptation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 65: Transition
Define Transition from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 66: Change
Define Change from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 67: Routine
Define Routine from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 68: Habit
Define Habit from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 69: Memory
Define Memory from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 70: Nostalgia
Define Nostalgia from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 71: First experience
Define First experience from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 72: Milestone
Define Milestone from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 73: Initiation
Define Initiation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 74: Opportunity
Define Opportunity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 75: Risk
Define Risk from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 76: Courage
Define Courage from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 77: Fear
Define Fear from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 78: Mistake
Define Mistake from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 79: Consequence
Define Consequence from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 80: Accountability
Define Accountability from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 81: Apology
Define Apology from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 82: Regret
Define Regret from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 83: Reflection
Define Reflection from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 84: Perspective
Define Perspective from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 85: Judgement
Define Judgement from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 86: Values
Define Values from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 87: Principle
Define Principle from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 88: Character
Define Character from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 89: Integrity
Define Integrity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 90: Kindness
Define Kindness from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 91: Compassion
Define Compassion from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 92: Generosity
Define Generosity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 93: Responsibility sharing
Define Responsibility sharing from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 94: Household duty
Define Household duty from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 95: Allowance
Define Allowance from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 96: Saving
Define Saving from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 97: Time management
Define Time management from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 98: Privacy
Define Privacy from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 99: Digital independence
Define Digital independence from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 100: Coming of age
Define Coming of age from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, speech or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 1
Work with Freedom, Trust, Success and Principle. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 2
Work with Self-belief, Peer pressure, Change and Household duty. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 3
Work with Peer group, Misunderstanding, Initiation and Childhood. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 4
Work with Protection, School, Accountability and Freedom. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 5
Work with Expectation, Success, Principle and Self-belief. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 6
Work with Compromise, Change, Household duty and Peer group. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 7
Work with Reconciliation, Initiation, Childhood and Protection. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 8
Work with Challenge, Accountability, Freedom and Expectation. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 9
Work with Adaptation, Principle, Self-belief and Compromise. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 10
Work with First experience, Household duty, Peer group and Reconciliation. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 11
Work with Mistake, Childhood, Protection and Challenge. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 12
Work with Judgement, Freedom, Expectation and Adaptation. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 13
Work with Generosity, Self-belief, Compromise and First experience. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 14
Work with Digital independence, Peer group, Reconciliation and Mistake. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 15
Work with Autonomy, Protection, Challenge and Judgement. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 16
Work with Self-awareness, Expectation, Adaptation and Generosity. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 17
Work with Play, Compromise, First experience and Digital independence. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 18
Work with Guardian, Reconciliation, Mistake and Autonomy. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 19
Work with Boundary, Challenge, Judgement and Self-awareness. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 20
Work with Obedience, Adaptation, Generosity and Play. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 21
Work with Empathy, First experience, Digital independence and Guardian. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 22
Work with Learning, Mistake, Autonomy and Boundary. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 23
Work with Persistence, Judgement, Self-awareness and Obedience. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 24
Work with Memory, Generosity, Play and Empathy. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 25
Work with Courage, Digital independence, Guardian and Learning. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 26
Work with Reflection, Autonomy, Boundary and Persistence. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 27
Work with Kindness, Self-awareness, Obedience and Memory. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 28
Work with Time management, Play, Empathy and Courage. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 29
Work with Maturity, Guardian, Learning and Reflection. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 30
Work with Identity, Boundary, Persistence and Kindness. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 31
Work with Curiosity, Obedience, Memory and Time management. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 32
Work with Sibling, Empathy, Courage and Maturity. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 33
Work with Respect, Learning, Reflection and Identity. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 34
Work with Conformity, Persistence, Kindness and Curiosity. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 35
Work with Communication, Memory, Time management and Sibling. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 36
Work with Teacher, Courage, Maturity and Respect. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 37
Work with Achievement, Reflection, Identity and Conformity. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 38
Work with Routine, Kindness, Curiosity and Communication. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 39
Work with Opportunity, Time management, Sibling and Teacher. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 40
Work with Apology, Maturity, Respect and Achievement. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, exchange, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to childhood, growing up and independence. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through dialogue, behaviour, setting or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.