Top 100 SEC (Singapore Education Vocabulary) Vocabulary List | Composition Theme: Nature, Animals and Human Responsibility
Here are 100 SEC-ready vocabulary words for the composition theme Nature, Animals and Human Responsibility. This eduKate-curated list is for Singapore secondary English composition practice rather than an official SEAB prescribed word list. Start with the 100 words immediately, then move into meanings, composition use and transfer work.
- Nature
- Wildlife
- Animal
- Species
- Biodiversity
- Ecosystem
- Habitat
- Food chain
- Predator
- Prey
- Conservation
- Protection
- Welfare
- Animal welfare
- Cruelty
- Neglect
- Responsibility
- Stewardship
- Coexistence
- Human-wildlife conflict
- Domestication
- Pet
- Companion animal
- Stray
- Shelter
- Rescue
- Rehabilitation
- Sanctuary
- Adoption
- Breeding
- Poaching
- Trafficking
- Endangered
- Threatened
- Extinction
- Invasive species
- Native species
- Population
- Migration
- Adaptation
- Survival
- Instinct
- Behaviour
- Territory
- Environment
- Forest
- Wetland
- River
- Ocean
- Coast
- Urban wildlife
- Green space
- Habitat loss
- Deforestation
- Pollution
- Climate change
- Conservation area
- Protected species
- Ecological balance
- Interdependence
- Food web
- Resource
- Water
- Carrying capacity
- Biodiversity loss
- Restoration
- Rewilding
- Monitoring
- Research
- Fieldwork
- Observation
- Tracking
- Tagging
- Conservationist
- Ranger
- Veterinarian
- Rehabilitation centre
- Captivity
- Zoo
- Ethical treatment
- Humane
- Compassion
- Empathy
- Respect
- Awareness
- Education
- Community
- Regulation
- Enforcement
- Law
- Illegal trade
- Sustainability
- Ecotourism
- Responsible tourism
- Ecosystem services
- Pollination
- Seed dispersal
- Carbon storage
- Biodiversity corridor
- Fragmentation
Top 100 SEC Vocabulary Words: Nature, Animals and Human Responsibility — Meanings and Composition Use
| Word / Phrase | Meaning | Composition Use |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | the living and physical world not created solely by human activity | Use Nature when the paragraph needs to express the living and physical world not created solely by human activity. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Wildlife | animals and other organisms living in natural conditions | Use Wildlife when the paragraph needs to express animals and other organisms living in natural conditions. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Animal | a living organism that feeds on organic matter and responds to its environment | Use Animal when the paragraph needs to express a living organism that feeds on organic matter and responds to its environment. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Species | a group of organisms capable of reproducing with one another | Use Species when the paragraph needs to express a group of organisms capable of reproducing with one another. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Biodiversity | the variety of living organisms within an ecosystem or region | Use Biodiversity when the paragraph needs to express the variety of living organisms within an ecosystem or region. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Ecosystem | a community of organisms interacting with one another and the environment | Use Ecosystem when the paragraph needs to express a community of organisms interacting with one another and the environment. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Habitat | the natural place where an organism lives and finds what it needs | Use Habitat when the paragraph needs to express the natural place where an organism lives and finds what it needs. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Food chain | a sequence showing how energy passes through feeding relationships | Use Food chain when the paragraph needs to express a sequence showing how energy passes through feeding relationships. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Predator | an animal that hunts and eats other animals | Use Predator when the paragraph needs to express an animal that hunts and eats other animals. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Prey | an animal hunted and eaten by another animal | Use Prey when the paragraph needs to express an animal hunted and eaten by another animal. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Conservation | the protection and careful management of nature and wildlife | Use Conservation when the paragraph needs to express the protection and careful management of nature and wildlife. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Protection | action taken to keep animals, habitats or ecosystems safe from harm | Use Protection when the paragraph needs to express action taken to keep animals, habitats or ecosystems safe from harm. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Welfare | the health, safety and quality of life of an animal or group | Use Welfare when the paragraph needs to express the health, safety and quality of life of an animal or group. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Animal welfare | the physical and psychological wellbeing of animals under human care | Use Animal welfare when the paragraph needs to express the physical and psychological wellbeing of animals under human care. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Cruelty | deliberate or careless treatment that causes unnecessary suffering | Use Cruelty when the paragraph needs to express deliberate or careless treatment that causes unnecessary suffering. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Neglect | failure to provide necessary care, protection or attention | Use Neglect when the paragraph needs to express failure to provide necessary care, protection or attention. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Responsibility | the duty to act and answer for consequences affecting animals or nature | Use Responsibility when the paragraph needs to express the duty to act and answer for consequences affecting animals or nature. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Stewardship | responsible care of resources, habitats or living things entrusted to people | Use Stewardship when the paragraph needs to express responsible care of resources, habitats or living things entrusted to people. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Coexistence | living alongside other species while reducing harmful conflict | Use Coexistence when the paragraph needs to express living alongside other species while reducing harmful conflict. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Human-wildlife conflict | harmful interaction between people and wild animals competing for space or resources | Use Human-wildlife conflict when the paragraph needs to express harmful interaction between people and wild animals competing for space or resources. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Domestication | the long-term process of adapting animal species to live with humans | Use Domestication when the paragraph needs to express the long-term process of adapting animal species to live with humans. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Pet | an animal kept primarily for companionship | Use Pet when the paragraph needs to express an animal kept primarily for companionship. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Companion animal | an animal kept for close relationship and companionship with people | Use Companion animal when the paragraph needs to express an animal kept for close relationship and companionship with people. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Stray | a domestic animal without a secure owner or home | Use Stray when the paragraph needs to express a domestic animal without a secure owner or home. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Shelter | a place that houses and cares for animals needing protection | Use Shelter when the paragraph needs to express a place that houses and cares for animals needing protection. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Rescue | the act of removing an animal from immediate danger or harmful conditions | Use Rescue when the paragraph needs to express the act of removing an animal from immediate danger or harmful conditions. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Rehabilitation | the process of restoring an animal’s health or ability to function | Use Rehabilitation when the paragraph needs to express the process of restoring an animal’s health or ability to function. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Sanctuary | a protected place where animals can live with care and reduced exploitation | Use Sanctuary when the paragraph needs to express a protected place where animals can live with care and reduced exploitation. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Adoption | the process of taking responsibility for an animal from a shelter or previous home | Use Adoption when the paragraph needs to express the process of taking responsibility for an animal from a shelter or previous home. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Breeding | the controlled or natural reproduction of animals | Use Breeding when the paragraph needs to express the controlled or natural reproduction of animals. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Poaching | illegal hunting, capturing or killing of wildlife | Use Poaching when the paragraph needs to express illegal hunting, capturing or killing of wildlife. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Trafficking | illegal trade or movement of wildlife or animal products | Use Trafficking when the paragraph needs to express illegal trade or movement of wildlife or animal products. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Endangered | at serious risk of extinction | Use Endangered when the paragraph needs to express at serious risk of extinction. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Threatened | likely to become endangered if pressures continue | Use Threatened when the paragraph needs to express likely to become endangered if pressures continue. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Extinction | the permanent disappearance of a species | Use Extinction when the paragraph needs to express the permanent disappearance of a species. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Invasive species | a non-native species that spreads and causes ecological harm | Use Invasive species when the paragraph needs to express a non-native species that spreads and causes ecological harm. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Native species | a species that occurs naturally in a particular region | Use Native species when the paragraph needs to express a species that occurs naturally in a particular region. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Population | the number or group of organisms of one species in an area | Use Population when the paragraph needs to express the number or group of organisms of one species in an area. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Migration | regular or long-distance movement of animals between places | Use Migration when the paragraph needs to express regular or long-distance movement of animals between places. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Adaptation | a trait or change that helps an organism survive in its environment | Use Adaptation when the paragraph needs to express a trait or change that helps an organism survive in its environment. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Survival | continued existence despite environmental pressures | Use Survival when the paragraph needs to express continued existence despite environmental pressures. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Instinct | an inborn behavioural tendency not learned through experience | Use Instinct when the paragraph needs to express an inborn behavioural tendency not learned through experience. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Behaviour | the way an animal acts in response to its environment | Use Behaviour when the paragraph needs to express the way an animal acts in response to its environment. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Territory | an area defended or regularly used by an animal or group | Use Territory when the paragraph needs to express an area defended or regularly used by an animal or group. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Environment | the natural and built surroundings affecting organisms | Use Environment when the paragraph needs to express the natural and built surroundings affecting organisms. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Forest | a large area dominated by trees and associated ecosystems | Use Forest when the paragraph needs to express a large area dominated by trees and associated ecosystems. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Wetland | land saturated with water that supports specialised ecosystems | Use Wetland when the paragraph needs to express land saturated with water that supports specialised ecosystems. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| River | a natural flowing body of freshwater | Use River when the paragraph needs to express a natural flowing body of freshwater. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Ocean | a vast body of salt water supporting marine ecosystems | Use Ocean when the paragraph needs to express a vast body of salt water supporting marine ecosystems. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Coast | the area where land meets the sea | Use Coast when the paragraph needs to express the area where land meets the sea. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Urban wildlife | wild animals living within or around towns and cities | Use Urban wildlife when the paragraph needs to express wild animals living within or around towns and cities. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Green space | vegetated land that provides ecological and social benefits | Use Green space when the paragraph needs to express vegetated land that provides ecological and social benefits. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Habitat loss | the destruction or reduction of places where organisms live | Use Habitat loss when the paragraph needs to express the destruction or reduction of places where organisms live. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Deforestation | large-scale removal of forests or tree cover | Use Deforestation when the paragraph needs to express large-scale removal of forests or tree cover. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Pollution | harmful contamination of air, water or land | Use Pollution when the paragraph needs to express harmful contamination of air, water or land. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Climate change | long-term change in climate patterns, including human-driven warming | Use Climate change when the paragraph needs to express long-term change in climate patterns, including human-driven warming. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Conservation area | a place protected because of ecological or landscape value | Use Conservation area when the paragraph needs to express a place protected because of ecological or landscape value. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Protected species | a species given legal or formal protection from harm | Use Protected species when the paragraph needs to express a species given legal or formal protection from harm. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Ecological balance | a relatively stable relationship among organisms and environmental conditions | Use Ecological balance when the paragraph needs to express a relatively stable relationship among organisms and environmental conditions. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Interdependence | mutual reliance among species and environmental systems | Use Interdependence when the paragraph needs to express mutual reliance among species and environmental systems. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Food web | a network of interconnected feeding relationships | Use Food web when the paragraph needs to express a network of interconnected feeding relationships. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Resource | a material, food source, water source or space needed for survival | Use Resource when the paragraph needs to express a material, food source, water source or space needed for survival. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Water | a basic resource required by living organisms | Use Water when the paragraph needs to express a basic resource required by living organisms. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Carrying capacity | the maximum population an environment can support sustainably | Use Carrying capacity when the paragraph needs to express the maximum population an environment can support sustainably. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Biodiversity loss | decline in the variety or abundance of living organisms | Use Biodiversity loss when the paragraph needs to express decline in the variety or abundance of living organisms. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Restoration | the process of repairing a damaged habitat or ecosystem | Use Restoration when the paragraph needs to express the process of repairing a damaged habitat or ecosystem. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Rewilding | restoring natural processes and wildlife to landscapes | Use Rewilding when the paragraph needs to express restoring natural processes and wildlife to landscapes. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Monitoring | regular observation and recording used to track environmental change | Use Monitoring when the paragraph needs to express regular observation and recording used to track environmental change. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Research | systematic investigation used to build knowledge about species or ecosystems | Use Research when the paragraph needs to express systematic investigation used to build knowledge about species or ecosystems. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Fieldwork | research or observation carried out in natural environments | Use Fieldwork when the paragraph needs to express research or observation carried out in natural environments. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Observation | careful attention to animal behaviour or environmental conditions | Use Observation when the paragraph needs to express careful attention to animal behaviour or environmental conditions. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Tracking | following the movement or location of animals over time | Use Tracking when the paragraph needs to express following the movement or location of animals over time. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Tagging | marking or fitting animals with identifiers for research or monitoring | Use Tagging when the paragraph needs to express marking or fitting animals with identifiers for research or monitoring. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Conservationist | a person who works to protect nature or wildlife | Use Conservationist when the paragraph needs to express a person who works to protect nature or wildlife. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Ranger | a person responsible for protecting and managing parks or conservation areas | Use Ranger when the paragraph needs to express a person responsible for protecting and managing parks or conservation areas. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Veterinarian | a professional trained to diagnose and treat animal health problems | Use Veterinarian when the paragraph needs to express a professional trained to diagnose and treat animal health problems. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Rehabilitation centre | a facility that cares for injured or displaced wildlife during recovery | Use Rehabilitation centre when the paragraph needs to express a facility that cares for injured or displaced wildlife during recovery. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Captivity | the condition of animals being kept under human control rather than living freely | Use Captivity when the paragraph needs to express the condition of animals being kept under human control rather than living freely. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Zoo | a managed facility where animals are kept for public display, education or conservation | Use Zoo when the paragraph needs to express a managed facility where animals are kept for public display, education or conservation. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Ethical treatment | care and handling guided by principles of avoiding unnecessary harm | Use Ethical treatment when the paragraph needs to express care and handling guided by principles of avoiding unnecessary harm. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Humane | showing compassion and concern for animal suffering | Use Humane when the paragraph needs to express showing compassion and concern for animal suffering. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Compassion | concern for suffering together with a desire to help | Use Compassion when the paragraph needs to express concern for suffering together with a desire to help. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Empathy | the ability to understand the feelings or experience of another being | Use Empathy when the paragraph needs to express the ability to understand the feelings or experience of another being. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Respect | recognition of the value and legitimate needs of living things | Use Respect when the paragraph needs to express recognition of the value and legitimate needs of living things. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Awareness | knowledge or recognition of an issue and its significance | Use Awareness when the paragraph needs to express knowledge or recognition of an issue and its significance. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Education | the process of developing knowledge and responsible understanding | Use Education when the paragraph needs to express the process of developing knowledge and responsible understanding. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Community | a group connected by place, identity or shared responsibility | Use Community when the paragraph needs to express a group connected by place, identity or shared responsibility. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Regulation | rules created by authorities to control harmful or risky activity | Use Regulation when the paragraph needs to express rules created by authorities to control harmful or risky activity. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Enforcement | the process of ensuring that laws or regulations are followed | Use Enforcement when the paragraph needs to express the process of ensuring that laws or regulations are followed. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Law | a formal system of rules enforced by recognised authorities | Use Law when the paragraph needs to express a formal system of rules enforced by recognised authorities. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Illegal trade | unlawful buying, selling or transport of animals or wildlife products | Use Illegal trade when the paragraph needs to express unlawful buying, selling or transport of animals or wildlife products. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Sustainability | meeting present needs without damaging long-term ecological capacity | Use Sustainability when the paragraph needs to express meeting present needs without damaging long-term ecological capacity. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Ecotourism | travel intended to minimise environmental harm and support natural areas | Use Ecotourism when the paragraph needs to express travel intended to minimise environmental harm and support natural areas. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Responsible tourism | travel that seeks to reduce harm and benefit local communities and ecosystems | Use Responsible tourism when the paragraph needs to express travel that seeks to reduce harm and benefit local communities and ecosystems. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Ecosystem services | benefits people receive from ecosystems, such as clean water or pollination | Use Ecosystem services when the paragraph needs to express benefits people receive from ecosystems, such as clean water or pollination. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Pollination | the transfer of pollen that allows many plants to reproduce | Use Pollination when the paragraph needs to express the transfer of pollen that allows many plants to reproduce. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Seed dispersal | the movement of seeds away from parent plants by animals, wind or water | Use Seed dispersal when the paragraph needs to express the movement of seeds away from parent plants by animals, wind or water. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Carbon storage | the retention of carbon in forests, soils, oceans or other systems | Use Carbon storage when the paragraph needs to express the retention of carbon in forests, soils, oceans or other systems. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Biodiversity corridor | connected habitat that allows wildlife to move between separated areas | Use Biodiversity corridor when the paragraph needs to express connected habitat that allows wildlife to move between separated areas. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
| Fragmentation | the breaking of continuous habitat into smaller isolated pieces | Use Fragmentation when the paragraph needs to express the breaking of continuous habitat into smaller isolated pieces. Support the term with a clear example, process or consequence. |
Why Nature, Animals and Human Responsibility Is a High-Value SEC Composition Theme
Animals and nature create strong narrative material because responsibility becomes visible through concrete choices: caring for a pet, rescuing an injured animal, responding to wildlife in an urban area, visiting a sanctuary, witnessing neglect or seeing a habitat damaged. These situations allow students to write about compassion without making the theme sentimental.
The wider theme also supports discursive writing about animal welfare, conservation, zoos, wildlife trade, habitat loss, coexistence and responsible tourism. Strong answers distinguish individual care from ecosystem-level responsibility and recognise that protecting wildlife often requires law, research, community participation and land-use decisions as well as personal kindness.
Folded Into the Wider eduKate Ecosystem
Environment, Climate and Sustainability remains the broader environmental composition owner. Climate Literacy owns the wider environmental-systems route. The travel vocabulary estate supports ecotourism and place-based writing without replacing this animals-and-responsibility owner.
The wider network continues through eduKateSG, eduKateSingapore, eduKateYishun, eduKatePunggol, eduKateSengkang, BukitTimahTutor and SETC. This article remains the exact SEC composition-theme vocabulary owner.
Word-by-Word SEC Composition Application Guide
1. Nature
Working meaning: the living and physical world not created solely by human activity. Use Nature only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Nature in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
2. Wildlife
Working meaning: animals and other organisms living in natural conditions. Use Wildlife only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Wildlife in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
3. Animal
Working meaning: a living organism that feeds on organic matter and responds to its environment. Use Animal only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Animal in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
4. Species
Working meaning: a group of organisms capable of reproducing with one another. Use Species only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Species in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
5. Biodiversity
Working meaning: the variety of living organisms within an ecosystem or region. Use Biodiversity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Biodiversity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
6. Ecosystem
Working meaning: a community of organisms interacting with one another and the environment. Use Ecosystem only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Ecosystem in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
7. Habitat
Working meaning: the natural place where an organism lives and finds what it needs. Use Habitat only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Habitat in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
8. Food chain
Working meaning: a sequence showing how energy passes through feeding relationships. Use Food chain only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Food chain in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
9. Predator
Working meaning: an animal that hunts and eats other animals. Use Predator only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Predator in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
10. Prey
Working meaning: an animal hunted and eaten by another animal. Use Prey only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Prey in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
11. Conservation
Working meaning: the protection and careful management of nature and wildlife. Use Conservation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Conservation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
12. Protection
Working meaning: action taken to keep animals, habitats or ecosystems safe from harm. Use Protection only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Protection in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
13. Welfare
Working meaning: the health, safety and quality of life of an animal or group. Use Welfare only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Welfare in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
14. Animal welfare
Working meaning: the physical and psychological wellbeing of animals under human care. Use Animal welfare only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Animal welfare in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
15. Cruelty
Working meaning: deliberate or careless treatment that causes unnecessary suffering. Use Cruelty only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Cruelty in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
16. Neglect
Working meaning: failure to provide necessary care, protection or attention. Use Neglect only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Neglect in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
17. Responsibility
Working meaning: the duty to act and answer for consequences affecting animals or nature. Use Responsibility only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Responsibility in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
18. Stewardship
Working meaning: responsible care of resources, habitats or living things entrusted to people. Use Stewardship only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Stewardship in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
19. Coexistence
Working meaning: living alongside other species while reducing harmful conflict. Use Coexistence only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Coexistence in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
20. Human-wildlife conflict
Working meaning: harmful interaction between people and wild animals competing for space or resources. Use Human-wildlife conflict only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Human-wildlife conflict in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
21. Domestication
Working meaning: the long-term process of adapting animal species to live with humans. Use Domestication only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Domestication in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
22. Pet
Working meaning: an animal kept primarily for companionship. Use Pet only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Pet in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
23. Companion animal
Working meaning: an animal kept for close relationship and companionship with people. Use Companion animal only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Companion animal in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
24. Stray
Working meaning: a domestic animal without a secure owner or home. Use Stray only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Stray in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
25. Shelter
Working meaning: a place that houses and cares for animals needing protection. Use Shelter only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Shelter in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
26. Rescue
Working meaning: the act of removing an animal from immediate danger or harmful conditions. Use Rescue only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Rescue in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
27. Rehabilitation
Working meaning: the process of restoring an animal’s health or ability to function. Use Rehabilitation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Rehabilitation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
28. Sanctuary
Working meaning: a protected place where animals can live with care and reduced exploitation. Use Sanctuary only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Sanctuary in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
29. Adoption
Working meaning: the process of taking responsibility for an animal from a shelter or previous home. Use Adoption only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Adoption in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
30. Breeding
Working meaning: the controlled or natural reproduction of animals. Use Breeding only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Breeding in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
31. Poaching
Working meaning: illegal hunting, capturing or killing of wildlife. Use Poaching only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Poaching in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
32. Trafficking
Working meaning: illegal trade or movement of wildlife or animal products. Use Trafficking only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Trafficking in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
33. Endangered
Working meaning: at serious risk of extinction. Use Endangered only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Endangered in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
34. Threatened
Working meaning: likely to become endangered if pressures continue. Use Threatened only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Threatened in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
35. Extinction
Working meaning: the permanent disappearance of a species. Use Extinction only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Extinction in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
36. Invasive species
Working meaning: a non-native species that spreads and causes ecological harm. Use Invasive species only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Invasive species in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
37. Native species
Working meaning: a species that occurs naturally in a particular region. Use Native species only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Native species in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
38. Population
Working meaning: the number or group of organisms of one species in an area. Use Population only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Population in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
39. Migration
Working meaning: regular or long-distance movement of animals between places. Use Migration only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Migration in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
40. Adaptation
Working meaning: a trait or change that helps an organism survive in its environment. Use Adaptation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Adaptation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
41. Survival
Working meaning: continued existence despite environmental pressures. Use Survival only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Survival in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
42. Instinct
Working meaning: an inborn behavioural tendency not learned through experience. Use Instinct only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Instinct in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
43. Behaviour
Working meaning: the way an animal acts in response to its environment. Use Behaviour only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Behaviour in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
44. Territory
Working meaning: an area defended or regularly used by an animal or group. Use Territory only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Territory in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
45. Environment
Working meaning: the natural and built surroundings affecting organisms. Use Environment only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Environment in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
46. Forest
Working meaning: a large area dominated by trees and associated ecosystems. Use Forest only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Forest in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
47. Wetland
Working meaning: land saturated with water that supports specialised ecosystems. Use Wetland only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Wetland in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
48. River
Working meaning: a natural flowing body of freshwater. Use River only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use River in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
49. Ocean
Working meaning: a vast body of salt water supporting marine ecosystems. Use Ocean only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Ocean in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
50. Coast
Working meaning: the area where land meets the sea. Use Coast only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Coast in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
51. Urban wildlife
Working meaning: wild animals living within or around towns and cities. Use Urban wildlife only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Urban wildlife in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
52. Green space
Working meaning: vegetated land that provides ecological and social benefits. Use Green space only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Green space in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
53. Habitat loss
Working meaning: the destruction or reduction of places where organisms live. Use Habitat loss only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Habitat loss in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
54. Deforestation
Working meaning: large-scale removal of forests or tree cover. Use Deforestation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Deforestation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
55. Pollution
Working meaning: harmful contamination of air, water or land. Use Pollution only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Pollution in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
56. Climate change
Working meaning: long-term change in climate patterns, including human-driven warming. Use Climate change only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Climate change in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
57. Conservation area
Working meaning: a place protected because of ecological or landscape value. Use Conservation area only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Conservation area in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
58. Protected species
Working meaning: a species given legal or formal protection from harm. Use Protected species only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Protected species in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
59. Ecological balance
Working meaning: a relatively stable relationship among organisms and environmental conditions. Use Ecological balance only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Ecological balance in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
60. Interdependence
Working meaning: mutual reliance among species and environmental systems. Use Interdependence only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Interdependence in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
61. Food web
Working meaning: a network of interconnected feeding relationships. Use Food web only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Food web in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
62. Resource
Working meaning: a material, food source, water source or space needed for survival. Use Resource only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Resource in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
63. Water
Working meaning: a basic resource required by living organisms. Use Water only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Water in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
64. Carrying capacity
Working meaning: the maximum population an environment can support sustainably. Use Carrying capacity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Carrying capacity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
65. Biodiversity loss
Working meaning: decline in the variety or abundance of living organisms. Use Biodiversity loss only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Biodiversity loss in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
66. Restoration
Working meaning: the process of repairing a damaged habitat or ecosystem. Use Restoration only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Restoration in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
67. Rewilding
Working meaning: restoring natural processes and wildlife to landscapes. Use Rewilding only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Rewilding in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
68. Monitoring
Working meaning: regular observation and recording used to track environmental change. Use Monitoring only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Monitoring in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
69. Research
Working meaning: systematic investigation used to build knowledge about species or ecosystems. Use Research only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Research in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
70. Fieldwork
Working meaning: research or observation carried out in natural environments. Use Fieldwork only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Fieldwork in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
71. Observation
Working meaning: careful attention to animal behaviour or environmental conditions. Use Observation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Observation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
72. Tracking
Working meaning: following the movement or location of animals over time. Use Tracking only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Tracking in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
73. Tagging
Working meaning: marking or fitting animals with identifiers for research or monitoring. Use Tagging only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Tagging in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
74. Conservationist
Working meaning: a person who works to protect nature or wildlife. Use Conservationist only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Conservationist in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
75. Ranger
Working meaning: a person responsible for protecting and managing parks or conservation areas. Use Ranger only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Ranger in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
76. Veterinarian
Working meaning: a professional trained to diagnose and treat animal health problems. Use Veterinarian only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Veterinarian in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
77. Rehabilitation centre
Working meaning: a facility that cares for injured or displaced wildlife during recovery. Use Rehabilitation centre only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Rehabilitation centre in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
78. Captivity
Working meaning: the condition of animals being kept under human control rather than living freely. Use Captivity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Captivity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
79. Zoo
Working meaning: a managed facility where animals are kept for public display, education or conservation. Use Zoo only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Zoo in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
80. Ethical treatment
Working meaning: care and handling guided by principles of avoiding unnecessary harm. Use Ethical treatment only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Ethical treatment in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
81. Humane
Working meaning: showing compassion and concern for animal suffering. Use Humane only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Humane in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
82. Compassion
Working meaning: concern for suffering together with a desire to help. Use Compassion only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Compassion in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
83. Empathy
Working meaning: the ability to understand the feelings or experience of another being. Use Empathy only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Empathy in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
84. Respect
Working meaning: recognition of the value and legitimate needs of living things. Use Respect only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Respect in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
85. Awareness
Working meaning: knowledge or recognition of an issue and its significance. Use Awareness only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Awareness in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
86. Education
Working meaning: the process of developing knowledge and responsible understanding. Use Education only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Education in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
87. Community
Working meaning: a group connected by place, identity or shared responsibility. Use Community only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Community in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
88. Regulation
Working meaning: rules created by authorities to control harmful or risky activity. Use Regulation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Regulation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
89. Enforcement
Working meaning: the process of ensuring that laws or regulations are followed. Use Enforcement only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Enforcement in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
90. Law
Working meaning: a formal system of rules enforced by recognised authorities. Use Law only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Law in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
91. Illegal trade
Working meaning: unlawful buying, selling or transport of animals or wildlife products. Use Illegal trade only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Illegal trade in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
92. Sustainability
Working meaning: meeting present needs without damaging long-term ecological capacity. Use Sustainability only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Sustainability in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
93. Ecotourism
Working meaning: travel intended to minimise environmental harm and support natural areas. Use Ecotourism only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Ecotourism in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
94. Responsible tourism
Working meaning: travel that seeks to reduce harm and benefit local communities and ecosystems. Use Responsible tourism only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Responsible tourism in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
95. Ecosystem services
Working meaning: benefits people receive from ecosystems, such as clean water or pollination. Use Ecosystem services only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Ecosystem services in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
96. Pollination
Working meaning: the transfer of pollen that allows many plants to reproduce. Use Pollination only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Pollination in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
97. Seed dispersal
Working meaning: the movement of seeds away from parent plants by animals, wind or water. Use Seed dispersal only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Seed dispersal in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
98. Carbon storage
Working meaning: the retention of carbon in forests, soils, oceans or other systems. Use Carbon storage only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Carbon storage in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
99. Biodiversity corridor
Working meaning: connected habitat that allows wildlife to move between separated areas. Use Biodiversity corridor only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Biodiversity corridor in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
100. Fragmentation
Working meaning: the breaking of continuous habitat into smaller isolated pieces. Use Fragmentation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the scene, process or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the sentence controlled.
Transfer: Use Fragmentation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Check whether the word names a process, quality, choice, relationship or outcome. If its job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
Ten Vocabulary Clusters for Fast Planning
Cluster 1: Nature, Wildlife, Animal
Nature — the living and physical world not created solely by human activity
Wildlife — animals and other organisms living in natural conditions
Animal — a living organism that feeds on organic matter and responds to its environment
Species — a group of organisms capable of reproducing with one another
Biodiversity — the variety of living organisms within an ecosystem or region
Ecosystem — a community of organisms interacting with one another and the environment
Habitat — the natural place where an organism lives and finds what it needs
Food chain — a sequence showing how energy passes through feeding relationships
Predator — an animal that hunts and eats other animals
Prey — an animal hunted and eaten by another animal
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example.
Cluster 2: Conservation, Protection, Welfare
Conservation — the protection and careful management of nature and wildlife
Protection — action taken to keep animals, habitats or ecosystems safe from harm
Welfare — the health, safety and quality of life of an animal or group
Animal welfare — the physical and psychological wellbeing of animals under human care
Cruelty — deliberate or careless treatment that causes unnecessary suffering
Neglect — failure to provide necessary care, protection or attention
Responsibility — the duty to act and answer for consequences affecting animals or nature
Stewardship — responsible care of resources, habitats or living things entrusted to people
Coexistence — living alongside other species while reducing harmful conflict
Human-wildlife conflict — harmful interaction between people and wild animals competing for space or resources
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example.
Cluster 3: Domestication, Pet, Companion animal
Domestication — the long-term process of adapting animal species to live with humans
Pet — an animal kept primarily for companionship
Companion animal — an animal kept for close relationship and companionship with people
Stray — a domestic animal without a secure owner or home
Shelter — a place that houses and cares for animals needing protection
Rescue — the act of removing an animal from immediate danger or harmful conditions
Rehabilitation — the process of restoring an animal’s health or ability to function
Sanctuary — a protected place where animals can live with care and reduced exploitation
Adoption — the process of taking responsibility for an animal from a shelter or previous home
Breeding — the controlled or natural reproduction of animals
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example.
Cluster 4: Poaching, Trafficking, Endangered
Poaching — illegal hunting, capturing or killing of wildlife
Trafficking — illegal trade or movement of wildlife or animal products
Endangered — at serious risk of extinction
Threatened — likely to become endangered if pressures continue
Extinction — the permanent disappearance of a species
Invasive species — a non-native species that spreads and causes ecological harm
Native species — a species that occurs naturally in a particular region
Population — the number or group of organisms of one species in an area
Migration — regular or long-distance movement of animals between places
Adaptation — a trait or change that helps an organism survive in its environment
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example.
Cluster 5: Survival, Instinct, Behaviour
Survival — continued existence despite environmental pressures
Instinct — an inborn behavioural tendency not learned through experience
Behaviour — the way an animal acts in response to its environment
Territory — an area defended or regularly used by an animal or group
Environment — the natural and built surroundings affecting organisms
Forest — a large area dominated by trees and associated ecosystems
Wetland — land saturated with water that supports specialised ecosystems
River — a natural flowing body of freshwater
Ocean — a vast body of salt water supporting marine ecosystems
Coast — the area where land meets the sea
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example.
Cluster 6: Urban wildlife, Green space, Habitat loss
Urban wildlife — wild animals living within or around towns and cities
Green space — vegetated land that provides ecological and social benefits
Habitat loss — the destruction or reduction of places where organisms live
Deforestation — large-scale removal of forests or tree cover
Pollution — harmful contamination of air, water or land
Climate change — long-term change in climate patterns, including human-driven warming
Conservation area — a place protected because of ecological or landscape value
Protected species — a species given legal or formal protection from harm
Ecological balance — a relatively stable relationship among organisms and environmental conditions
Interdependence — mutual reliance among species and environmental systems
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example.
Cluster 7: Food web, Resource, Water
Food web — a network of interconnected feeding relationships
Resource — a material, food source, water source or space needed for survival
Water — a basic resource required by living organisms
Carrying capacity — the maximum population an environment can support sustainably
Biodiversity loss — decline in the variety or abundance of living organisms
Restoration — the process of repairing a damaged habitat or ecosystem
Rewilding — restoring natural processes and wildlife to landscapes
Monitoring — regular observation and recording used to track environmental change
Research — systematic investigation used to build knowledge about species or ecosystems
Fieldwork — research or observation carried out in natural environments
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example.
Cluster 8: Observation, Tracking, Tagging
Observation — careful attention to animal behaviour or environmental conditions
Tracking — following the movement or location of animals over time
Tagging — marking or fitting animals with identifiers for research or monitoring
Conservationist — a person who works to protect nature or wildlife
Ranger — a person responsible for protecting and managing parks or conservation areas
Veterinarian — a professional trained to diagnose and treat animal health problems
Rehabilitation centre — a facility that cares for injured or displaced wildlife during recovery
Captivity — the condition of animals being kept under human control rather than living freely
Zoo — a managed facility where animals are kept for public display, education or conservation
Ethical treatment — care and handling guided by principles of avoiding unnecessary harm
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example.
Cluster 9: Humane, Compassion, Empathy
Humane — showing compassion and concern for animal suffering
Compassion — concern for suffering together with a desire to help
Empathy — the ability to understand the feelings or experience of another being
Respect — recognition of the value and legitimate needs of living things
Awareness — knowledge or recognition of an issue and its significance
Education — the process of developing knowledge and responsible understanding
Community — a group connected by place, identity or shared responsibility
Regulation — rules created by authorities to control harmful or risky activity
Enforcement — the process of ensuring that laws or regulations are followed
Law — a formal system of rules enforced by recognised authorities
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example.
Cluster 10: Illegal trade, Sustainability, Ecotourism
Illegal trade — unlawful buying, selling or transport of animals or wildlife products
Sustainability — meeting present needs without damaging long-term ecological capacity
Ecotourism — travel intended to minimise environmental harm and support natural areas
Responsible tourism — travel that seeks to reduce harm and benefit local communities and ecosystems
Ecosystem services — benefits people receive from ecosystems, such as clean water or pollination
Pollination — the transfer of pollen that allows many plants to reproduce
Seed dispersal — the movement of seeds away from parent plants by animals, wind or water
Carbon storage — the retention of carbon in forests, soils, oceans or other systems
Biodiversity corridor — connected habitat that allows wildlife to move between separated areas
Fragmentation — the breaking of continuous habitat into smaller isolated pieces
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example.
20 SEC Composition Prompts for Nature, Animals and Human Responsibility
Prompt 1: Write about an encounter with an animal that changed someone’s behaviour.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 2: “Owning a pet is a long-term responsibility.” What are your views?
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 3: Describe a rescue involving an injured animal.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 4: Write about a place where wildlife and people share space.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 5: “Zoos should be judged by welfare and conservation, not entertainment alone.” Discuss.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 6: Describe a situation involving animal neglect.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 7: Write about someone volunteering at an animal shelter.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 8: “Wildlife conservation requires more than protecting individual animals.” What are your views?
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 9: Describe a natural place where animals were easy to observe.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 10: Write about a conflict between development and habitat protection.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 11: “People should learn how to coexist with urban wildlife.” Discuss.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 12: Describe an animal that had to be rehabilitated.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 13: Write about the consequences of illegal wildlife trade.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 14: “Compassion for animals should be supported by evidence and responsible care.” What are your views?
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 15: Describe a community effort to protect a habitat.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 16: Write about a difficult decision involving a stray animal.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 17: “Responsible tourism should protect wildlife from excessive human disturbance.” Discuss.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 18: Describe a time when observing nature required patience.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 19: Write about the effect of habitat fragmentation on wildlife.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 20: “Human responsibility extends beyond pets to ecosystems.” What are your views?
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
100 Retrieval and Transfer Checks
Practice 1: Nature
Define Nature from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 2: Wildlife
Define Wildlife from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 3: Animal
Define Animal from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 4: Species
Define Species from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 5: Biodiversity
Define Biodiversity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 6: Ecosystem
Define Ecosystem from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 7: Habitat
Define Habitat from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 8: Food chain
Define Food chain from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 9: Predator
Define Predator from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 10: Prey
Define Prey from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 11: Conservation
Define Conservation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 12: Protection
Define Protection from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 13: Welfare
Define Welfare from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 14: Animal welfare
Define Animal welfare from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 15: Cruelty
Define Cruelty from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 16: Neglect
Define Neglect from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 17: Responsibility
Define Responsibility from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 18: Stewardship
Define Stewardship from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 19: Coexistence
Define Coexistence from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 20: Human-wildlife conflict
Define Human-wildlife conflict from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 21: Domestication
Define Domestication from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 22: Pet
Define Pet from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 23: Companion animal
Define Companion animal from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 24: Stray
Define Stray from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 25: Shelter
Define Shelter from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 26: Rescue
Define Rescue from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 27: Rehabilitation
Define Rehabilitation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 28: Sanctuary
Define Sanctuary from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 29: Adoption
Define Adoption from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 30: Breeding
Define Breeding from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 31: Poaching
Define Poaching from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 32: Trafficking
Define Trafficking from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 33: Endangered
Define Endangered from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 34: Threatened
Define Threatened from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 35: Extinction
Define Extinction from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 36: Invasive species
Define Invasive species from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 37: Native species
Define Native species from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 38: Population
Define Population from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 39: Migration
Define Migration from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 40: Adaptation
Define Adaptation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 41: Survival
Define Survival from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 42: Instinct
Define Instinct from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 43: Behaviour
Define Behaviour from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 44: Territory
Define Territory from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 45: Environment
Define Environment from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 46: Forest
Define Forest from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 47: Wetland
Define Wetland from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 48: River
Define River from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 49: Ocean
Define Ocean from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 50: Coast
Define Coast from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 51: Urban wildlife
Define Urban wildlife from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 52: Green space
Define Green space from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 53: Habitat loss
Define Habitat loss from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 54: Deforestation
Define Deforestation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 55: Pollution
Define Pollution from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 56: Climate change
Define Climate change from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 57: Conservation area
Define Conservation area from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 58: Protected species
Define Protected species from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 59: Ecological balance
Define Ecological balance from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 60: Interdependence
Define Interdependence from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 61: Food web
Define Food web from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 62: Resource
Define Resource from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 63: Water
Define Water from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 64: Carrying capacity
Define Carrying capacity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 65: Biodiversity loss
Define Biodiversity loss from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 66: Restoration
Define Restoration from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 67: Rewilding
Define Rewilding from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 68: Monitoring
Define Monitoring from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 69: Research
Define Research from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 70: Fieldwork
Define Fieldwork from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 71: Observation
Define Observation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 72: Tracking
Define Tracking from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 73: Tagging
Define Tagging from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 74: Conservationist
Define Conservationist from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 75: Ranger
Define Ranger from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 76: Veterinarian
Define Veterinarian from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 77: Rehabilitation centre
Define Rehabilitation centre from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 78: Captivity
Define Captivity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 79: Zoo
Define Zoo from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 80: Ethical treatment
Define Ethical treatment from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 81: Humane
Define Humane from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 82: Compassion
Define Compassion from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 83: Empathy
Define Empathy from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 84: Respect
Define Respect from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 85: Awareness
Define Awareness from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 86: Education
Define Education from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 87: Community
Define Community from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 88: Regulation
Define Regulation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 89: Enforcement
Define Enforcement from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 90: Law
Define Law from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 91: Illegal trade
Define Illegal trade from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 92: Sustainability
Define Sustainability from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 93: Ecotourism
Define Ecotourism from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 94: Responsible tourism
Define Responsible tourism from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 95: Ecosystem services
Define Ecosystem services from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 96: Pollination
Define Pollination from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 97: Seed dispersal
Define Seed dispersal from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 98: Carbon storage
Define Carbon storage from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 99: Biodiversity corridor
Define Biodiversity corridor from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 100: Fragmentation
Define Fragmentation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, evidence or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 1
Work with Food chain, Poaching, Ecological balance and Community. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 2
Work with Cruelty, Population, Restoration and Responsible tourism. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 3
Work with Pet, Environment, Tagging and Nature. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 4
Work with Adoption, Green space, Ethical treatment and Food chain. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 5
Work with Invasive species, Ecological balance, Community and Cruelty. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 6
Work with Behaviour, Restoration, Responsible tourism and Pet. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 7
Work with Coast, Tagging, Nature and Adoption. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 8
Work with Conservation area, Ethical treatment, Food chain and Invasive species. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 9
Work with Carrying capacity, Community, Cruelty and Behaviour. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 10
Work with Observation, Responsible tourism, Pet and Coast. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 11
Work with Captivity, Nature, Adoption and Conservation area. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 12
Work with Awareness, Food chain, Invasive species and Carrying capacity. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 13
Work with Sustainability, Cruelty, Behaviour and Observation. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 14
Work with Biodiversity corridor, Pet, Coast and Captivity. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 15
Work with Ecosystem, Adoption, Conservation area and Awareness. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 16
Work with Welfare, Invasive species, Carrying capacity and Sustainability. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 17
Work with Human-wildlife conflict, Behaviour, Observation and Biodiversity corridor. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 18
Work with Rehabilitation, Coast, Captivity and Ecosystem. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 19
Work with Threatened, Conservation area, Awareness and Welfare. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 20
Work with Survival, Carrying capacity, Sustainability and Human-wildlife conflict. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 21
Work with River, Observation, Biodiversity corridor and Rehabilitation. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 22
Work with Pollution, Captivity, Ecosystem and Threatened. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 23
Work with Resource, Awareness, Welfare and Survival. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 24
Work with Research, Sustainability, Human-wildlife conflict and River. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 25
Work with Veterinarian, Biodiversity corridor, Rehabilitation and Pollution. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 26
Work with Empathy, Ecosystem, Threatened and Resource. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 27
Work with Law, Welfare, Survival and Research. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 28
Work with Seed dispersal, Human-wildlife conflict, River and Veterinarian. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 29
Work with Species, Rehabilitation, Pollution and Empathy. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 30
Work with Conservation, Threatened, Resource and Law. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 31
Work with Stewardship, Survival, Research and Seed dispersal. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 32
Work with Shelter, River, Veterinarian and Species. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 33
Work with Trafficking, Pollution, Empathy and Conservation. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 34
Work with Migration, Resource, Law and Stewardship. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 35
Work with Forest, Research, Seed dispersal and Shelter. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 36
Work with Habitat loss, Veterinarian, Species and Trafficking. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 37
Work with Interdependence, Empathy, Conservation and Migration. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 38
Work with Rewilding, Law, Stewardship and Forest. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 39
Work with Conservationist, Seed dispersal, Shelter and Habitat loss. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: cause, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to nature, animals and human responsibility. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through behaviour, setting, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.