Top 100 SEC (Singapore Education Vocabulary) Vocabulary List | Composition Theme: Tradition, Heritage and Modern Life
Here are 100 SEC-ready vocabulary words for the composition theme Tradition, Heritage and Modern Life. This eduKate-curated list is for Singapore secondary English composition practice rather than an official SEAB prescribed word list. Start with the 100 words immediately, then move into meanings, composition use and transfer work.
- Tradition
- Heritage
- Culture
- Custom
- Ritual
- Ceremony
- Festival
- Celebration
- Belief
- Value
- Identity
- Community
- Family
- Generation
- Ancestor
- Memory
- Remembrance
- Legacy
- Story
- Oral tradition
- Language
- Dialect
- Heritage language
- Cuisine
- Recipe
- Craft
- Art
- Music
- Dance
- Costume
- Clothing
- Architecture
- Monument
- Shrine
- Temple
- Mosque
- Church
- Museum
- Archive
- Record
- Photograph
- Artefact
- Heirloom
- Preservation
- Conservation
- Restoration
- Continuity
- Change
- Modernity
- Modernisation
- Innovation
- Adaptation
- Reinvention
- Revival
- Transmission
- Teaching
- Apprenticeship
- Practice
- Symbol
- Meaning
- Respect
- Reverence
- Nostalgia
- Belonging
- Roots
- Place
- Homeland
- Migration
- Diaspora
- Integration
- Assimilation
- Diversity
- Pluralism
- Exchange
- Fusion
- Authenticity
- Commercialisation
- Tourism
- Globalisation
- Technology
- Media
- Urbanisation
- Lifestyle
- Generation gap
- Intergenerational
- Elders
- Youth
- Expectation
- Obligation
- Filial duty
- Convention
- Social norm
- Taboo
- Sacred
- Community memory
- Collective memory
- Living heritage
- Intangible heritage
- Cultural preservation
- Cultural adaptation
Top 100 SEC Vocabulary Words: Tradition, Heritage and Modern Life — Meanings and Composition Use
| Word / Phrase | Meaning | Composition Use |
|---|---|---|
| Tradition | a belief or practice passed through time or generations | Use Tradition when the paragraph needs to express a belief or practice passed through time or generations. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Heritage | traditions, stories, places and cultural inheritance passed through generations | Use Heritage when the paragraph needs to express traditions, stories, places and cultural inheritance passed through generations. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Culture | the shared values, practices, beliefs and expressions of a group | Use Culture when the paragraph needs to express the shared values, practices, beliefs and expressions of a group. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Custom | a usual social practice associated with a community or tradition | Use Custom when the paragraph needs to express a usual social practice associated with a community or tradition. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Ritual | a repeated symbolic practice connected with belief, identity or important events | Use Ritual when the paragraph needs to express a repeated symbolic practice connected with belief, identity or important events. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Ceremony | a formal event carried out according to established customs | Use Ceremony when the paragraph needs to express a formal event carried out according to established customs. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Festival | an organised cultural, religious or community celebration | Use Festival when the paragraph needs to express an organised cultural, religious or community celebration. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Celebration | an event marking happiness, achievement, memory or significance | Use Celebration when the paragraph needs to express an event marking happiness, achievement, memory or significance. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Belief | an idea or conviction accepted as true or meaningful | Use Belief when the paragraph needs to express an idea or conviction accepted as true or meaningful. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Value | a principle used to judge what is important or right | Use Value when the paragraph needs to express a principle used to judge what is important or right. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Identity | a person’s or group’s sense of who they are | Use Identity when the paragraph needs to express a person’s or group’s sense of who they are. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Community | a group connected by place, identity, experience or shared responsibility | Use Community when the paragraph needs to express a group connected by place, identity, experience or shared responsibility. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Family | a group connected through kinship, care or enduring relationship | Use Family when the paragraph needs to express a group connected through kinship, care or enduring relationship. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Generation | people born or living during a similar period | Use Generation when the paragraph needs to express people born or living during a similar period. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Ancestor | a person from whom later generations are descended | Use Ancestor when the paragraph needs to express a person from whom later generations are descended. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Memory | a remembered experience or the ability to retain past experiences | Use Memory when the paragraph needs to express a remembered experience or the ability to retain past experiences. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Remembrance | the act of remembering someone, something or an important event | Use Remembrance when the paragraph needs to express the act of remembering someone, something or an important event. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Legacy | something meaningful passed from one period or generation to another | Use Legacy when the paragraph needs to express something meaningful passed from one period or generation to another. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Story | a narrative used to organise events, experience and meaning | Use Story when the paragraph needs to express a narrative used to organise events, experience and meaning. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Oral tradition | knowledge or stories passed through spoken transmission across generations | Use Oral tradition when the paragraph needs to express knowledge or stories passed through spoken transmission across generations. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Language | a system of words and rules used for communication | Use Language when the paragraph needs to express a system of words and rules used for communication. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Dialect | a regional or social variety of a language | Use Dialect when the paragraph needs to express a regional or social variety of a language. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Heritage language | a language connected to family or cultural background | Use Heritage language when the paragraph needs to express a language connected to family or cultural background. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Cuisine | the characteristic food and cooking traditions of a culture | Use Cuisine when the paragraph needs to express the characteristic food and cooking traditions of a culture. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Recipe | a set of instructions and ingredients for preparing a dish | Use Recipe when the paragraph needs to express a set of instructions and ingredients for preparing a dish. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Craft | skill developed through making objects or creative work by hand | Use Craft when the paragraph needs to express skill developed through making objects or creative work by hand. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Art | creative activity that communicates ideas, emotion or aesthetic experience | Use Art when the paragraph needs to express creative activity that communicates ideas, emotion or aesthetic experience. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Music | organised sound used for expression, identity or ceremony | Use Music when the paragraph needs to express organised sound used for expression, identity or ceremony. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Dance | artistic or ritual expression through organised movement | Use Dance when the paragraph needs to express artistic or ritual expression through organised movement. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Costume | clothing designed for ceremony, performance or traditional representation | Use Costume when the paragraph needs to express clothing designed for ceremony, performance or traditional representation. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Clothing | garments worn for practical, social or cultural reasons | Use Clothing when the paragraph needs to express garments worn for practical, social or cultural reasons. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Architecture | the design and construction of buildings and built environments | Use Architecture when the paragraph needs to express the design and construction of buildings and built environments. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Monument | a structure or site created to remember a person, event or idea | Use Monument when the paragraph needs to express a structure or site created to remember a person, event or idea. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Shrine | a place regarded as sacred or used for remembrance and devotion | Use Shrine when the paragraph needs to express a place regarded as sacred or used for remembrance and devotion. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Temple | a building used for religious worship in several traditions | Use Temple when the paragraph needs to express a building used for religious worship in several traditions. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Mosque | a place of Muslim worship | Use Mosque when the paragraph needs to express a place of Muslim worship. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Church | a building used for Christian worship | Use Church when the paragraph needs to express a building used for Christian worship. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Museum | an institution that preserves and displays objects of cultural, historical or scientific value | Use Museum when the paragraph needs to express an institution that preserves and displays objects of cultural, historical or scientific value. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Archive | a collection of records preserved for evidence, memory or research | Use Archive when the paragraph needs to express a collection of records preserved for evidence, memory or research. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Record | stored information that documents an event, decision or period | Use Record when the paragraph needs to express stored information that documents an event, decision or period. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Photograph | an image that preserves a visual record of a person, place or event | Use Photograph when the paragraph needs to express an image that preserves a visual record of a person, place or event. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Artefact | an object made or used by people that provides evidence about culture or history | Use Artefact when the paragraph needs to express an object made or used by people that provides evidence about culture or history. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Heirloom | an object passed through a family because of its personal or historical value | Use Heirloom when the paragraph needs to express an object passed through a family because of its personal or historical value. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Preservation | protection intended to keep something from loss or deterioration | Use Preservation when the paragraph needs to express protection intended to keep something from loss or deterioration. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Conservation | careful protection and management of cultural or physical heritage | Use Conservation when the paragraph needs to express careful protection and management of cultural or physical heritage. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Restoration | repair intended to recover the condition or meaning of a damaged object or place | Use Restoration when the paragraph needs to express repair intended to recover the condition or meaning of a damaged object or place. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Continuity | the quality of continuing across change or generations | Use Continuity when the paragraph needs to express the quality of continuing across change or generations. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Change | a difference that alters a practice, system or way of life | Use Change when the paragraph needs to express a difference that alters a practice, system or way of life. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Modernity | the condition or outlook associated with contemporary social and technological life | Use Modernity when the paragraph needs to express the condition or outlook associated with contemporary social and technological life. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Modernisation | the process of adopting newer systems, technologies or institutions | Use Modernisation when the paragraph needs to express the process of adopting newer systems, technologies or institutions. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Innovation | the development or use of a new and useful idea, form or method | Use Innovation when the paragraph needs to express the development or use of a new and useful idea, form or method. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Adaptation | adjustment of a tradition or practice to new circumstances | Use Adaptation when the paragraph needs to express adjustment of a tradition or practice to new circumstances. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Reinvention | a significant reworking of an older form for a new context | Use Reinvention when the paragraph needs to express a significant reworking of an older form for a new context. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Revival | renewed interest in or practice of something that had declined | Use Revival when the paragraph needs to express renewed interest in or practice of something that had declined. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Transmission | the passing of knowledge, practice or meaning from one person or generation to another | Use Transmission when the paragraph needs to express the passing of knowledge, practice or meaning from one person or generation to another. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Teaching | the process of guiding another person’s learning | Use Teaching when the paragraph needs to express the process of guiding another person’s learning. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Apprenticeship | learning a craft or skill through guided practice with an experienced person | Use Apprenticeship when the paragraph needs to express learning a craft or skill through guided practice with an experienced person. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Practice | repeated activity through which a tradition or skill is maintained | Use Practice when the paragraph needs to express repeated activity through which a tradition or skill is maintained. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Symbol | an object, action or image that represents a larger idea | Use Symbol when the paragraph needs to express an object, action or image that represents a larger idea. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Meaning | the significance attached to a practice, object or event | Use Meaning when the paragraph needs to express the significance attached to a practice, object or event. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Respect | recognition of the value, dignity or importance of people and traditions | Use Respect when the paragraph needs to express recognition of the value, dignity or importance of people and traditions. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Reverence | deep respect, especially towards something sacred or historically significant | Use Reverence when the paragraph needs to express deep respect, especially towards something sacred or historically significant. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Nostalgia | a warm or bittersweet longing for the past | Use Nostalgia when the paragraph needs to express a warm or bittersweet longing for the past. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Belonging | the feeling of being accepted and connected to a group or place | Use Belonging when the paragraph needs to express the feeling of being accepted and connected to a group or place. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Roots | the family, cultural or historical origins that shape identity | Use Roots when the paragraph needs to express the family, cultural or historical origins that shape identity. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Place | a location given meaning through experience, community or memory | Use Place when the paragraph needs to express a location given meaning through experience, community or memory. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Homeland | a country or region strongly associated with identity and belonging | Use Homeland when the paragraph needs to express a country or region strongly associated with identity and belonging. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Migration | movement from one place or region to another to live | Use Migration when the paragraph needs to express movement from one place or region to another to live. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Diaspora | a community living outside an ancestral homeland while retaining connections to it | Use Diaspora when the paragraph needs to express a community living outside an ancestral homeland while retaining connections to it. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Integration | the process of becoming a functioning and accepted part of a wider community | Use Integration when the paragraph needs to express the process of becoming a functioning and accepted part of a wider community. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Assimilation | the process of becoming more similar to a dominant culture or group | Use Assimilation when the paragraph needs to express the process of becoming more similar to a dominant culture or group. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Diversity | the presence of different cultures, identities or practices | Use Diversity when the paragraph needs to express the presence of different cultures, identities or practices. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Pluralism | the acceptance that different groups and traditions can coexist | Use Pluralism when the paragraph needs to express the acceptance that different groups and traditions can coexist. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Exchange | a two-way sharing of ideas, practices, food or cultural forms | Use Exchange when the paragraph needs to express a two-way sharing of ideas, practices, food or cultural forms. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Fusion | the combination of elements from different traditions into a new form | Use Fusion when the paragraph needs to express the combination of elements from different traditions into a new form. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Authenticity | the quality of being genuine rather than artificially presented | Use Authenticity when the paragraph needs to express the quality of being genuine rather than artificially presented. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Commercialisation | the process of turning a practice or tradition into something sold for profit | Use Commercialisation when the paragraph needs to express the process of turning a practice or tradition into something sold for profit. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Tourism | travel that can expose visitors to local culture while also creating economic and social effects | Use Tourism when the paragraph needs to express travel that can expose visitors to local culture while also creating economic and social effects. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Globalisation | increasing connection and exchange across countries and cultures | Use Globalisation when the paragraph needs to express increasing connection and exchange across countries and cultures. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Technology | tools and systems that can change how traditions are recorded, shared or practised | Use Technology when the paragraph needs to express tools and systems that can change how traditions are recorded, shared or practised. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Media | channels used to communicate cultural ideas, images and narratives | Use Media when the paragraph needs to express channels used to communicate cultural ideas, images and narratives. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Urbanisation | the growth of towns and cities and the movement of people into urban life | Use Urbanisation when the paragraph needs to express the growth of towns and cities and the movement of people into urban life. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Lifestyle | the pattern of daily choices, habits and activities people follow | Use Lifestyle when the paragraph needs to express the pattern of daily choices, habits and activities people follow. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Generation gap | differences in attitudes or experience between younger and older generations | Use Generation gap when the paragraph needs to express differences in attitudes or experience between younger and older generations. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Intergenerational | involving people from different generations | Use Intergenerational when the paragraph needs to express involving people from different generations. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Elders | older members of a family or community with accumulated experience | Use Elders when the paragraph needs to express older members of a family or community with accumulated experience. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Youth | young people considered as a group or stage of life | Use Youth when the paragraph needs to express young people considered as a group or stage of life. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Expectation | a belief about what someone should do or how a tradition should be followed | Use Expectation when the paragraph needs to express a belief about what someone should do or how a tradition should be followed. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Obligation | a duty created by role, promise, law or moral expectation | Use Obligation when the paragraph needs to express a duty created by role, promise, law or moral expectation. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Filial duty | responsibility or care owed by children towards parents or elders | Use Filial duty when the paragraph needs to express responsibility or care owed by children towards parents or elders. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Convention | an established social or cultural practice | Use Convention when the paragraph needs to express an established social or cultural practice. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Social norm | an informal expectation about accepted behaviour within a group | Use Social norm when the paragraph needs to express an informal expectation about accepted behaviour within a group. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Taboo | a strong social prohibition against a behaviour, topic or practice | Use Taboo when the paragraph needs to express a strong social prohibition against a behaviour, topic or practice. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Sacred | regarded as holy, spiritually important or deserving special respect | Use Sacred when the paragraph needs to express regarded as holy, spiritually important or deserving special respect. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Community memory | shared recollection of events, places or people within a community | Use Community memory when the paragraph needs to express shared recollection of events, places or people within a community. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Collective memory | the way a society or group remembers and interprets the past | Use Collective memory when the paragraph needs to express the way a society or group remembers and interprets the past. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Living heritage | cultural practices and knowledge maintained through continued use | Use Living heritage when the paragraph needs to express cultural practices and knowledge maintained through continued use. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Intangible heritage | non-physical cultural practices such as language, ritual, music or craft knowledge | Use Intangible heritage when the paragraph needs to express non-physical cultural practices such as language, ritual, music or craft knowledge. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Cultural preservation | deliberate protection of cultural practices, objects, places or records | Use Cultural preservation when the paragraph needs to express deliberate protection of cultural practices, objects, places or records. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
| Cultural adaptation | modification of cultural practices to suit new circumstances while retaining meaningful elements | Use Cultural adaptation when the paragraph needs to express modification of cultural practices to suit new circumstances while retaining meaningful elements. Support the term with a concrete example, place, action or consequence. |
Why Tradition, Heritage and Modern Life Is a High-Value SEC Composition Theme
Tradition is useful composition material because it is rarely simply old versus new. A family recipe, dialect, festival, craft, building, ritual or story can carry identity and memory while still changing across generations. The strongest narratives show a person encountering a practice and discovering what it means, rather than describing heritage as a museum display.
Modern life creates the tension. Migration, technology, urbanisation, globalisation and changing lifestyles can weaken some practices while helping others travel further than ever before. Strong discursive writing therefore asks what should be preserved, what can adapt, who gets to decide what is authentic, and how a tradition remains living rather than frozen.
Folded Into the Wider eduKate Ecosystem
How Collective Memory Works owns the wider memory system. Singapore’s Public Memory Layer owns archives, oral history, maps and preservation. Identity, Belonging and Self-Discovery and Travel, Culture and Discovery provide adjacent composition routes.
The wider network continues through eduKateSG, eduKateSingapore, eduKateYishun, eduKatePunggol, eduKateSengkang, BukitTimahTutor and SETC. This article remains the exact SEC composition-theme vocabulary owner.
Word-by-Word SEC Composition Application Guide
1. Tradition
Working meaning: a belief or practice passed through time or generations. Use Tradition only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Tradition in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
2. Heritage
Working meaning: traditions, stories, places and cultural inheritance passed through generations. Use Heritage only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Heritage in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
3. Culture
Working meaning: the shared values, practices, beliefs and expressions of a group. Use Culture only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Culture in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
4. Custom
Working meaning: a usual social practice associated with a community or tradition. Use Custom only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Custom in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
5. Ritual
Working meaning: a repeated symbolic practice connected with belief, identity or important events. Use Ritual only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Ritual in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
6. Ceremony
Working meaning: a formal event carried out according to established customs. Use Ceremony only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Ceremony in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
7. Festival
Working meaning: an organised cultural, religious or community celebration. Use Festival only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Festival in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
8. Celebration
Working meaning: an event marking happiness, achievement, memory or significance. Use Celebration only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Celebration in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
9. Belief
Working meaning: an idea or conviction accepted as true or meaningful. Use Belief only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Belief in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
10. Value
Working meaning: a principle used to judge what is important or right. Use Value only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Value in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
11. Identity
Working meaning: a person’s or group’s sense of who they are. Use Identity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Identity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
12. Community
Working meaning: a group connected by place, identity, experience or shared responsibility. Use Community only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Community in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
13. Family
Working meaning: a group connected through kinship, care or enduring relationship. Use Family only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Family in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
14. Generation
Working meaning: people born or living during a similar period. Use Generation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Generation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
15. Ancestor
Working meaning: a person from whom later generations are descended. Use Ancestor only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Ancestor in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
16. Memory
Working meaning: a remembered experience or the ability to retain past experiences. Use Memory only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Memory in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
17. Remembrance
Working meaning: the act of remembering someone, something or an important event. Use Remembrance only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Remembrance in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
18. Legacy
Working meaning: something meaningful passed from one period or generation to another. Use Legacy only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Legacy in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
19. Story
Working meaning: a narrative used to organise events, experience and meaning. Use Story only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Story in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
20. Oral tradition
Working meaning: knowledge or stories passed through spoken transmission across generations. Use Oral tradition only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Oral tradition in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
21. Language
Working meaning: a system of words and rules used for communication. Use Language only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Language in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
22. Dialect
Working meaning: a regional or social variety of a language. Use Dialect only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Dialect in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
23. Heritage language
Working meaning: a language connected to family or cultural background. Use Heritage language only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Heritage language in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
24. Cuisine
Working meaning: the characteristic food and cooking traditions of a culture. Use Cuisine only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Cuisine in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
25. Recipe
Working meaning: a set of instructions and ingredients for preparing a dish. Use Recipe only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Recipe in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
26. Craft
Working meaning: skill developed through making objects or creative work by hand. Use Craft only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Craft in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
27. Art
Working meaning: creative activity that communicates ideas, emotion or aesthetic experience. Use Art only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Art in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
28. Music
Working meaning: organised sound used for expression, identity or ceremony. Use Music only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Music in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
29. Dance
Working meaning: artistic or ritual expression through organised movement. Use Dance only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Dance in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
30. Costume
Working meaning: clothing designed for ceremony, performance or traditional representation. Use Costume only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Costume in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
31. Clothing
Working meaning: garments worn for practical, social or cultural reasons. Use Clothing only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Clothing in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
32. Architecture
Working meaning: the design and construction of buildings and built environments. Use Architecture only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Architecture in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
33. Monument
Working meaning: a structure or site created to remember a person, event or idea. Use Monument only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Monument in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
34. Shrine
Working meaning: a place regarded as sacred or used for remembrance and devotion. Use Shrine only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Shrine in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
35. Temple
Working meaning: a building used for religious worship in several traditions. Use Temple only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Temple in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
36. Mosque
Working meaning: a place of Muslim worship. Use Mosque only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Mosque in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
37. Church
Working meaning: a building used for Christian worship. Use Church only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Church in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
38. Museum
Working meaning: an institution that preserves and displays objects of cultural, historical or scientific value. Use Museum only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Museum in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
39. Archive
Working meaning: a collection of records preserved for evidence, memory or research. Use Archive only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Archive in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
40. Record
Working meaning: stored information that documents an event, decision or period. Use Record only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Record in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
41. Photograph
Working meaning: an image that preserves a visual record of a person, place or event. Use Photograph only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Photograph in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
42. Artefact
Working meaning: an object made or used by people that provides evidence about culture or history. Use Artefact only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Artefact in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
43. Heirloom
Working meaning: an object passed through a family because of its personal or historical value. Use Heirloom only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Heirloom in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
44. Preservation
Working meaning: protection intended to keep something from loss or deterioration. Use Preservation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Preservation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
45. Conservation
Working meaning: careful protection and management of cultural or physical heritage. Use Conservation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Conservation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
46. Restoration
Working meaning: repair intended to recover the condition or meaning of a damaged object or place. Use Restoration only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Restoration in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
47. Continuity
Working meaning: the quality of continuing across change or generations. Use Continuity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Continuity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
48. Change
Working meaning: a difference that alters a practice, system or way of life. Use Change only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Change in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
49. Modernity
Working meaning: the condition or outlook associated with contemporary social and technological life. Use Modernity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Modernity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
50. Modernisation
Working meaning: the process of adopting newer systems, technologies or institutions. Use Modernisation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Modernisation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
51. Innovation
Working meaning: the development or use of a new and useful idea, form or method. Use Innovation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Innovation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
52. Adaptation
Working meaning: adjustment of a tradition or practice to new circumstances. Use Adaptation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Adaptation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
53. Reinvention
Working meaning: a significant reworking of an older form for a new context. Use Reinvention only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Reinvention in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
54. Revival
Working meaning: renewed interest in or practice of something that had declined. Use Revival only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Revival in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
55. Transmission
Working meaning: the passing of knowledge, practice or meaning from one person or generation to another. Use Transmission only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Transmission in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
56. Teaching
Working meaning: the process of guiding another person’s learning. Use Teaching only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Teaching in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
57. Apprenticeship
Working meaning: learning a craft or skill through guided practice with an experienced person. Use Apprenticeship only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Apprenticeship in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
58. Practice
Working meaning: repeated activity through which a tradition or skill is maintained. Use Practice only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Practice in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
59. Symbol
Working meaning: an object, action or image that represents a larger idea. Use Symbol only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Symbol in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
60. Meaning
Working meaning: the significance attached to a practice, object or event. Use Meaning only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Meaning in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
61. Respect
Working meaning: recognition of the value, dignity or importance of people and traditions. Use Respect only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Respect in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
62. Reverence
Working meaning: deep respect, especially towards something sacred or historically significant. Use Reverence only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Reverence in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
63. Nostalgia
Working meaning: a warm or bittersweet longing for the past. Use Nostalgia only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Nostalgia in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
64. Belonging
Working meaning: the feeling of being accepted and connected to a group or place. Use Belonging only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Belonging in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
65. Roots
Working meaning: the family, cultural or historical origins that shape identity. Use Roots only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Roots in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
66. Place
Working meaning: a location given meaning through experience, community or memory. Use Place only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Place in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
67. Homeland
Working meaning: a country or region strongly associated with identity and belonging. Use Homeland only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Homeland in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
68. Migration
Working meaning: movement from one place or region to another to live. Use Migration only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Migration in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
69. Diaspora
Working meaning: a community living outside an ancestral homeland while retaining connections to it. Use Diaspora only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Diaspora in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
70. Integration
Working meaning: the process of becoming a functioning and accepted part of a wider community. Use Integration only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Integration in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
71. Assimilation
Working meaning: the process of becoming more similar to a dominant culture or group. Use Assimilation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Assimilation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
72. Diversity
Working meaning: the presence of different cultures, identities or practices. Use Diversity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Diversity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
73. Pluralism
Working meaning: the acceptance that different groups and traditions can coexist. Use Pluralism only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Pluralism in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
74. Exchange
Working meaning: a two-way sharing of ideas, practices, food or cultural forms. Use Exchange only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Exchange in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
75. Fusion
Working meaning: the combination of elements from different traditions into a new form. Use Fusion only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Fusion in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
76. Authenticity
Working meaning: the quality of being genuine rather than artificially presented. Use Authenticity only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Authenticity in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
77. Commercialisation
Working meaning: the process of turning a practice or tradition into something sold for profit. Use Commercialisation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Commercialisation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
78. Tourism
Working meaning: travel that can expose visitors to local culture while also creating economic and social effects. Use Tourism only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Tourism in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
79. Globalisation
Working meaning: increasing connection and exchange across countries and cultures. Use Globalisation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Globalisation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
80. Technology
Working meaning: tools and systems that can change how traditions are recorded, shared or practised. Use Technology only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Technology in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
81. Media
Working meaning: channels used to communicate cultural ideas, images and narratives. Use Media only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Media in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
82. Urbanisation
Working meaning: the growth of towns and cities and the movement of people into urban life. Use Urbanisation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Urbanisation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
83. Lifestyle
Working meaning: the pattern of daily choices, habits and activities people follow. Use Lifestyle only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Lifestyle in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
84. Generation gap
Working meaning: differences in attitudes or experience between younger and older generations. Use Generation gap only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Generation gap in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
85. Intergenerational
Working meaning: involving people from different generations. Use Intergenerational only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Intergenerational in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
86. Elders
Working meaning: older members of a family or community with accumulated experience. Use Elders only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Elders in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
87. Youth
Working meaning: young people considered as a group or stage of life. Use Youth only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Youth in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
88. Expectation
Working meaning: a belief about what someone should do or how a tradition should be followed. Use Expectation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Expectation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
89. Obligation
Working meaning: a duty created by role, promise, law or moral expectation. Use Obligation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Obligation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
90. Filial duty
Working meaning: responsibility or care owed by children towards parents or elders. Use Filial duty only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Filial duty in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
91. Convention
Working meaning: an established social or cultural practice. Use Convention only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Convention in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
92. Social norm
Working meaning: an informal expectation about accepted behaviour within a group. Use Social norm only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Social norm in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
93. Taboo
Working meaning: a strong social prohibition against a behaviour, topic or practice. Use Taboo only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Taboo in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
94. Sacred
Working meaning: regarded as holy, spiritually important or deserving special respect. Use Sacred only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Sacred in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
95. Community memory
Working meaning: shared recollection of events, places or people within a community. Use Community memory only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Community memory in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
96. Collective memory
Working meaning: the way a society or group remembers and interprets the past. Use Collective memory only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Collective memory in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
97. Living heritage
Working meaning: cultural practices and knowledge maintained through continued use. Use Living heritage only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Living heritage in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
98. Intangible heritage
Working meaning: non-physical cultural practices such as language, ritual, music or craft knowledge. Use Intangible heritage only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Intangible heritage in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
99. Cultural preservation
Working meaning: deliberate protection of cultural practices, objects, places or records. Use Cultural preservation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Cultural preservation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
100. Cultural adaptation
Working meaning: modification of cultural practices to suit new circumstances while retaining meaningful elements. Use Cultural adaptation only when that distinction genuinely matters to the paragraph. The reader should be able to infer the idea from the setting, action, relationship or consequence.
Precision test: Replace the target term with simpler English. If nothing important changes, keep the simpler version. If a useful distinction disappears, restore the target word and keep the surrounding sentence clear.
Transfer: Use Cultural adaptation in one narrative sentence, one reflective sentence and one argumentative sentence. Then write one sentence where the term would be inaccurate or too strong.
Editing move: Ask what job the word performs—naming a place, system, practice, pressure, choice or outcome. If the job is unclear, strengthen the underlying idea before adding more vocabulary.
Ten Vocabulary Clusters for Fast Planning
Cluster 1: Tradition, Heritage, Culture
Tradition — a belief or practice passed through time or generations
Heritage — traditions, stories, places and cultural inheritance passed through generations
Culture — the shared values, practices, beliefs and expressions of a group
Custom — a usual social practice associated with a community or tradition
Ritual — a repeated symbolic practice connected with belief, identity or important events
Ceremony — a formal event carried out according to established customs
Festival — an organised cultural, religious or community celebration
Celebration — an event marking happiness, achievement, memory or significance
Belief — an idea or conviction accepted as true or meaningful
Value — a principle used to judge what is important or right
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example or scene.
Cluster 2: Identity, Community, Family
Identity — a person’s or group’s sense of who they are
Community — a group connected by place, identity, experience or shared responsibility
Family — a group connected through kinship, care or enduring relationship
Generation — people born or living during a similar period
Ancestor — a person from whom later generations are descended
Memory — a remembered experience or the ability to retain past experiences
Remembrance — the act of remembering someone, something or an important event
Legacy — something meaningful passed from one period or generation to another
Story — a narrative used to organise events, experience and meaning
Oral tradition — knowledge or stories passed through spoken transmission across generations
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example or scene.
Cluster 3: Language, Dialect, Heritage language
Language — a system of words and rules used for communication
Dialect — a regional or social variety of a language
Heritage language — a language connected to family or cultural background
Cuisine — the characteristic food and cooking traditions of a culture
Recipe — a set of instructions and ingredients for preparing a dish
Craft — skill developed through making objects or creative work by hand
Art — creative activity that communicates ideas, emotion or aesthetic experience
Music — organised sound used for expression, identity or ceremony
Dance — artistic or ritual expression through organised movement
Costume — clothing designed for ceremony, performance or traditional representation
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example or scene.
Cluster 4: Clothing, Architecture, Monument
Clothing — garments worn for practical, social or cultural reasons
Architecture — the design and construction of buildings and built environments
Monument — a structure or site created to remember a person, event or idea
Shrine — a place regarded as sacred or used for remembrance and devotion
Temple — a building used for religious worship in several traditions
Mosque — a place of Muslim worship
Church — a building used for Christian worship
Museum — an institution that preserves and displays objects of cultural, historical or scientific value
Archive — a collection of records preserved for evidence, memory or research
Record — stored information that documents an event, decision or period
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example or scene.
Cluster 5: Photograph, Artefact, Heirloom
Photograph — an image that preserves a visual record of a person, place or event
Artefact — an object made or used by people that provides evidence about culture or history
Heirloom — an object passed through a family because of its personal or historical value
Preservation — protection intended to keep something from loss or deterioration
Conservation — careful protection and management of cultural or physical heritage
Restoration — repair intended to recover the condition or meaning of a damaged object or place
Continuity — the quality of continuing across change or generations
Change — a difference that alters a practice, system or way of life
Modernity — the condition or outlook associated with contemporary social and technological life
Modernisation — the process of adopting newer systems, technologies or institutions
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example or scene.
Cluster 6: Innovation, Adaptation, Reinvention
Innovation — the development or use of a new and useful idea, form or method
Adaptation — adjustment of a tradition or practice to new circumstances
Reinvention — a significant reworking of an older form for a new context
Revival — renewed interest in or practice of something that had declined
Transmission — the passing of knowledge, practice or meaning from one person or generation to another
Teaching — the process of guiding another person’s learning
Apprenticeship — learning a craft or skill through guided practice with an experienced person
Practice — repeated activity through which a tradition or skill is maintained
Symbol — an object, action or image that represents a larger idea
Meaning — the significance attached to a practice, object or event
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example or scene.
Cluster 7: Respect, Reverence, Nostalgia
Respect — recognition of the value, dignity or importance of people and traditions
Reverence — deep respect, especially towards something sacred or historically significant
Nostalgia — a warm or bittersweet longing for the past
Belonging — the feeling of being accepted and connected to a group or place
Roots — the family, cultural or historical origins that shape identity
Place — a location given meaning through experience, community or memory
Homeland — a country or region strongly associated with identity and belonging
Migration — movement from one place or region to another to live
Diaspora — a community living outside an ancestral homeland while retaining connections to it
Integration — the process of becoming a functioning and accepted part of a wider community
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example or scene.
Cluster 8: Assimilation, Diversity, Pluralism
Assimilation — the process of becoming more similar to a dominant culture or group
Diversity — the presence of different cultures, identities or practices
Pluralism — the acceptance that different groups and traditions can coexist
Exchange — a two-way sharing of ideas, practices, food or cultural forms
Fusion — the combination of elements from different traditions into a new form
Authenticity — the quality of being genuine rather than artificially presented
Commercialisation — the process of turning a practice or tradition into something sold for profit
Tourism — travel that can expose visitors to local culture while also creating economic and social effects
Globalisation — increasing connection and exchange across countries and cultures
Technology — tools and systems that can change how traditions are recorded, shared or practised
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example or scene.
Cluster 9: Media, Urbanisation, Lifestyle
Media — channels used to communicate cultural ideas, images and narratives
Urbanisation — the growth of towns and cities and the movement of people into urban life
Lifestyle — the pattern of daily choices, habits and activities people follow
Generation gap — differences in attitudes or experience between younger and older generations
Intergenerational — involving people from different generations
Elders — older members of a family or community with accumulated experience
Youth — young people considered as a group or stage of life
Expectation — a belief about what someone should do or how a tradition should be followed
Obligation — a duty created by role, promise, law or moral expectation
Filial duty — responsibility or care owed by children towards parents or elders
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example or scene.
Cluster 10: Convention, Social norm, Taboo
Convention — an established social or cultural practice
Social norm — an informal expectation about accepted behaviour within a group
Taboo — a strong social prohibition against a behaviour, topic or practice
Sacred — regarded as holy, spiritually important or deserving special respect
Community memory — shared recollection of events, places or people within a community
Collective memory — the way a society or group remembers and interprets the past
Living heritage — cultural practices and knowledge maintained through continued use
Intangible heritage — non-physical cultural practices such as language, ritual, music or craft knowledge
Cultural preservation — deliberate protection of cultural practices, objects, places or records
Cultural adaptation — modification of cultural practices to suit new circumstances while retaining meaningful elements
Choose four to six terms and organise them as context → pressure → response → consequence → reflection. If the paragraph becomes a glossary, remove some vocabulary and add a concrete example or scene.
20 SEC Composition Prompts for Tradition, Heritage and Modern Life
Prompt 1: Write about a tradition that became more meaningful with age.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 2: “Traditions should adapt if they are to survive.” What are your views?
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 3: Describe an heirloom or artefact with family significance.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 4: Write about a generation gap over a cultural practice.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 5: “Modernisation does not require forgetting the past.” Discuss.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 6: Describe a festival through the eyes of someone experiencing it differently for the first time.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 7: Write about a language or dialect that connected someone to family history.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 8: “Heritage belongs to communities, not only museums.” What are your views?
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 9: Describe a craft or practice being taught to a younger person.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 10: Write about migration changing the way a tradition was practised.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 11: “Authenticity can survive adaptation.” Discuss.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 12: Describe an old place that carried community memory.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 13: Write about technology helping preserve a tradition.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 14: “Commercialisation can both support and weaken heritage.” What are your views?
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 15: Describe a disagreement over whether a custom should continue.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 16: Write about a person reconnecting with cultural roots.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 17: “Living heritage must be practised, not merely displayed.” Discuss.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 18: Describe a tradition combining influences from different cultures.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 19: Write about a community choosing what to preserve during redevelopment.
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
Prompt 20: “Respect for tradition should not prevent thoughtful change.” What are your views?
Plan the response before selecting vocabulary. For narrative writing, make the central choice or turning point visible. For reflective writing, show how understanding changes. For argumentative writing, explain the mechanism behind the claim and answer a serious counterargument.
100 Retrieval and Transfer Checks
Practice 1: Tradition
Define Tradition from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 2: Heritage
Define Heritage from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 3: Culture
Define Culture from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 4: Custom
Define Custom from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 5: Ritual
Define Ritual from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 6: Ceremony
Define Ceremony from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 7: Festival
Define Festival from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 8: Celebration
Define Celebration from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 9: Belief
Define Belief from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 10: Value
Define Value from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 11: Identity
Define Identity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 12: Community
Define Community from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 13: Family
Define Family from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 14: Generation
Define Generation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 15: Ancestor
Define Ancestor from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 16: Memory
Define Memory from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 17: Remembrance
Define Remembrance from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 18: Legacy
Define Legacy from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 19: Story
Define Story from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 20: Oral tradition
Define Oral tradition from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 21: Language
Define Language from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 22: Dialect
Define Dialect from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 23: Heritage language
Define Heritage language from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 24: Cuisine
Define Cuisine from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 25: Recipe
Define Recipe from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 26: Craft
Define Craft from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 27: Art
Define Art from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 28: Music
Define Music from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 29: Dance
Define Dance from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 30: Costume
Define Costume from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 31: Clothing
Define Clothing from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 32: Architecture
Define Architecture from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 33: Monument
Define Monument from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 34: Shrine
Define Shrine from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 35: Temple
Define Temple from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 36: Mosque
Define Mosque from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 37: Church
Define Church from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 38: Museum
Define Museum from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 39: Archive
Define Archive from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 40: Record
Define Record from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 41: Photograph
Define Photograph from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 42: Artefact
Define Artefact from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 43: Heirloom
Define Heirloom from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 44: Preservation
Define Preservation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 45: Conservation
Define Conservation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 46: Restoration
Define Restoration from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 47: Continuity
Define Continuity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 48: Change
Define Change from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 49: Modernity
Define Modernity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 50: Modernisation
Define Modernisation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 51: Innovation
Define Innovation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 52: Adaptation
Define Adaptation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 53: Reinvention
Define Reinvention from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 54: Revival
Define Revival from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 55: Transmission
Define Transmission from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 56: Teaching
Define Teaching from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 57: Apprenticeship
Define Apprenticeship from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 58: Practice
Define Practice from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 59: Symbol
Define Symbol from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 60: Meaning
Define Meaning from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 61: Respect
Define Respect from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 62: Reverence
Define Reverence from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 63: Nostalgia
Define Nostalgia from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 64: Belonging
Define Belonging from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 65: Roots
Define Roots from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 66: Place
Define Place from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 67: Homeland
Define Homeland from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 68: Migration
Define Migration from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 69: Diaspora
Define Diaspora from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 70: Integration
Define Integration from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 71: Assimilation
Define Assimilation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 72: Diversity
Define Diversity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 73: Pluralism
Define Pluralism from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 74: Exchange
Define Exchange from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 75: Fusion
Define Fusion from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 76: Authenticity
Define Authenticity from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 77: Commercialisation
Define Commercialisation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 78: Tourism
Define Tourism from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 79: Globalisation
Define Globalisation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 80: Technology
Define Technology from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 81: Media
Define Media from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 82: Urbanisation
Define Urbanisation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 83: Lifestyle
Define Lifestyle from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 84: Generation gap
Define Generation gap from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 85: Intergenerational
Define Intergenerational from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 86: Elders
Define Elders from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 87: Youth
Define Youth from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 88: Expectation
Define Expectation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 89: Obligation
Define Obligation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 90: Filial duty
Define Filial duty from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 91: Convention
Define Convention from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 92: Social norm
Define Social norm from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 93: Taboo
Define Taboo from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 94: Sacred
Define Sacred from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 95: Community memory
Define Community memory from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 96: Collective memory
Define Collective memory from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 97: Living heritage
Define Living heritage from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 98: Intangible heritage
Define Intangible heritage from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 99: Cultural preservation
Define Cultural preservation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Practice 100: Cultural adaptation
Define Cultural adaptation from memory. Write one sentence showing the meaning through action, setting or consequence. Replace it with a weaker alternative and explain what precision is lost. Then write one inaccurate use and repair it.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 1
Work with Celebration, Clothing, Symbol and Youth. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 2
Work with Ancestor, Museum, Place and Sacred. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 3
Work with Dialect, Conservation, Pluralism and Tradition. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 4
Work with Dance, Adaptation, Technology and Celebration. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 5
Work with Mosque, Symbol, Youth and Ancestor. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 6
Work with Heirloom, Place, Sacred and Dialect. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 7
Work with Modernisation, Pluralism, Tradition and Dance. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 8
Work with Apprenticeship, Technology, Celebration and Mosque. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 9
Work with Belonging, Youth, Ancestor and Heirloom. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 10
Work with Assimilation, Sacred, Dialect and Modernisation. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 11
Work with Tourism, Tradition, Dance and Apprenticeship. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 12
Work with Intergenerational, Celebration, Mosque and Belonging. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 13
Work with Social norm, Ancestor, Heirloom and Assimilation. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 14
Work with Cultural preservation, Dialect, Modernisation and Tourism. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 15
Work with Ceremony, Dance, Apprenticeship and Intergenerational. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 16
Work with Family, Mosque, Belonging and Social norm. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 17
Work with Oral tradition, Heirloom, Assimilation and Cultural preservation. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 18
Work with Art, Modernisation, Tourism and Ceremony. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 19
Work with Shrine, Apprenticeship, Intergenerational and Family. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 20
Work with Photograph, Belonging, Social norm and Oral tradition. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 21
Work with Change, Assimilation, Cultural preservation and Art. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 22
Work with Transmission, Tourism, Ceremony and Shrine. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 23
Work with Reverence, Intergenerational, Family and Photograph. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 24
Work with Diaspora, Social norm, Oral tradition and Change. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 25
Work with Authenticity, Cultural preservation, Art and Transmission. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 26
Work with Lifestyle, Ceremony, Shrine and Reverence. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 27
Work with Filial duty, Family, Photograph and Diaspora. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 28
Work with Living heritage, Oral tradition, Change and Authenticity. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 29
Work with Custom, Art, Transmission and Lifestyle. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 30
Work with Identity, Shrine, Reverence and Filial duty. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 31
Work with Legacy, Photograph, Diaspora and Living heritage. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 32
Work with Recipe, Change, Authenticity and Custom. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 33
Work with Architecture, Transmission, Lifestyle and Identity. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 34
Work with Archive, Reverence, Filial duty and Legacy. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.
Extended SEC Composition Drill 35
Work with Restoration, Diaspora, Living heritage and Recipe. Define them from memory, then assign each one a role in the composition: context, pressure, response, consequence or reflection.
Write a 250-word narrative connected to tradition, heritage and modern life. Use only two target words directly. Show the other ideas through setting, behaviour, dialogue or consequence.
Rewrite the same material as reflection. State an earlier belief, show what complicated it, and arrive at a more precise understanding. Avoid a generic moral.
Now write a discursive paragraph using claim → mechanism → example → implication → counterargument → qualification. This trains the same vocabulary inside reasoning.
Finish with a semantic boundary test. Write one sentence where each target term would be too strong, too weak or simply wrong, then replace it with a better word.