CIVILISATION ATLAS CHRONOLOGY | CENTRAL ASIA / OXUS | DEEP SUBSTRATE–2026

Canonical title: Civilisation Atlas Chronology | Central Asia / Oxus | Deep Substrate–2026
Specification: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.SPEC.V1.1 + REGIONAL_INHERITANCE_STANDARD.V2.2 + ARCHITECTURE_DELTA.2026-07-29
Specification status: Canonical Working Standard — cross-branch reconciled
Parent clock: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.WORLD.MASTER.V1.1
Parent-clock cutoff: 23:59 Asia/Singapore, 28 July 2026
Child-clock cutoff: 29 July 2026, 15:58 Asia/Singapore
Parent-clock reconciliation: W068 child extension through 29 July 2026; reconciliation debt remains open until next World Master release.
Coverage object: 17 of 60
Canonical object ID: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS
Machine ID: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.V2.2
Record namespace: CA.OXUS
Source namespace: OXUS.S
Graph namespace: OXUS.G
Version: 2.2
Format: UTF-8 plain text
Canonical filename: CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS_CHRONOLOGY_MASTER_V2_2.txt
Reader format: World-Master-enriched, Scaffold-V1.1-bound, Portable-Retrieval-V2.2, Inheritance-Receipt-bound.
CAT Scan role: high-resolution regional longitudinal spine, evidence surface, relationship graph, host-migration register and diagnostic launch point.

Scaffold bindings:
CIVATLAS.SCAFFOLD.001.V1.1 — Universal Civilisation Atlas Scaffold
CIVATLAS.SCAFFOLD.002.V1.1 — Civilisation CAT Scan
CIVATLAS.SCAFFOLD.003.V1.1 — Genome / Pressure / Ouroboros
CIVATLAS.SCAFFOLD.004.V1.1 — Portable Civilisation / Simulation / Fission

RELEASE NOTE

This V2.2 release implements Coverage Object 17 as an independent child of the World Master. It applies the Regional Chronology Inheritance Standard as a machine-auditable contract, not a style guide. It separates regional ownership from controlled overlap, records parent-clock debt, maintains portable query return paths, and prevents archaeology, genes, language, religion, political authority and modern sovereignty from collapsing into one identity.

The title “Central Asia / Oxus” names an analytical space-time coordinate. It does not claim that one people, language, polity, ancestry, religion or modern state persisted unchanged across the interval.

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0. REGIONAL ARCHITECTURAL STATEMENT
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THIS IS NOT A DYNASTIC OR ETHNIC SUCCESSION LADDER.

THIS IS NOT PERMISSION TO TURN AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL LABEL INTO A BIOLOGICAL NATION, OR AN ANCIENT ROUTE INTO A MODERN TERRITORIAL CLAIM.

THIS IS NOT A SEDENTARY BIAS MODEL. MOBILE, SEASONAL, PASTORAL, DIASPORIC AND NETWORKED CAPABILITIES ARE RECORDED AS CIVILISATIONAL STRUCTURE EVEN WHEN THEY LEAVE FEWER WALLS OR TEXTS.

PRINCIPAL QUESTION
How did mountain-fed rivers, deserts, oases, steppe interfaces and long-distance corridors generate repeated farming, urban, mobile, imperial, scholarly and modern regional systems—and why do water, border, migration and external-host dependencies remain structurally decisive?

MEMORY CHARTER
The Atlas preserves ordinary labour, mobile knowledge, ecological stewardship, coercion, displacement, archive loss and descendant voices alongside rulers, monuments and elite texts. Memory is evidence-typed; it is not automatically converted into exclusive modern ownership.

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1. REGIONAL CHRONOLOGY INHERITANCE RECEIPT

REGIONAL CHRONOLOGY INHERITANCE STANDARD — V2.2 EXECUTION

INHERITED UNCHANGED FROM WORLD MASTER / CANONICAL SCAFFOLDS
• universal W-band clock and cutoff discipline;
• protected record schema, confidence grades and source-key resolution;
• separation of TIME_ZOOM from ENTITY_ZOOM;
• HAB.* habitat-state registry and separate SR0–SR5 survivable-range registry;
• capability stage and lifecycle as independent axes;
• typed relationship grades and anti-collapse ontology;
• portable retrieval, graph-return path, simulation, fission and repair layers;
• Host Migration, Phase Frequency, Agent Flux, archive bias, coercion, rights and future status;
• human/AI authority limits, sensitive-site protection and staircase-removal test;
• append-only revision, supersession trail and reconciliation-debt register.

CHILD OBJECT MUST DECLARE

1. canonical object ID, parent clock and exact cutoff;
2. core geographic coordinate, controlled overlaps and explicit exclusions;
3. inherited fields, local extensions and prohibited reinterpretations;
4. ownership of every shared event and a typed pointer to neighbouring objects;
5. boundary cases whose evidence does not permit exclusive assignment;
6. unresolved claims, revision triggers and source-policy hierarchy;
7. whether a capability is locally generated, imported, hosted, scaled, maintained or lost;
8. a machine manifest proving that every record, source key and graph seed resolves.

INHERITANCE DOES NOT MEAN COPYING A NARRATIVE.
The child inherits architecture and verification duties. It must generate its own evidence surface,
regional periodisation, ontology risks, archive-bias controls, connectors and live systems reading.

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2. GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE, CONTROLLED OVERLAPS AND EXCLUSIONS
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CORE COORDINATE
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan as the modern core; ancient Bactria, Margiana, Sogdia, Khwarazm, Ferghana and adjoining northern Afghanistan/Chinese/Iranian interfaces only where required by the process.

CONTROLLED OVERLAPS

• Eurasian Steppe — pasture, horse, Saka, Turkic, Mongol and Kazakh interfaces.
• Iranian Plateau/Persia — Khurasan, Achaemenid, Sasanian and Persianate systems.
• Indus/Northwest South Asia — Shortugai, Kushan, Afghanistan and trade.
• China — Yuezhi, Silk Roads, Qing/modern corridors.
• Rus/Russia — empire, Soviet system, migration and security.

EXCLUSIONS

• Afghanistan is not absorbed as a whole.
• Mongolia and the full Pontic-Caspian steppe belong to Object 18.
• Archaeological BMAC does not authorise a modern territorial or ethnic claim.
• The five modern republics do not exhaust all historical Central Asian definitions.

OWNERSHIP RULE
The child owns the event when its causal centre and explanatory burden lie inside this coordinate. A neighbouring child receives a typed connector when the same event is necessary to its own chronology. Shared presence is not duplicate sovereignty.

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3. PORTABLE RETRIEVAL AND RELATIONSHIP CONTRACT
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Stable bucket identity is the canonical object ID above.

A query may leave the bucket but must return with SOURCE_BUCKET; TARGET_BUCKET; INTERVAL; CARRIER_OR_MECHANISM; DIRECTION; EVIDENCE; RELATIONSHIP_GRADE; CONFIDENCE; CONTROVERSY; RETURN_PATH.

Relationship grades: COMPARABLE; REACHABLE; CONNECTED_BY_FLOW; CO_PRESENT; INTERACTIVE; INDIVIDUALLY_ATTESTED.

Anti-collapse rule: archaeology ≠ ancestry ≠ language ≠ religion ≠ polity ≠ legal sovereignty ≠ nationality. Synchrony is not causality.

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4. REQUIRED REGISTRIES
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TIME ZOOM: TZ0_GEOLOGICAL | TZ1_DEEP_HUMAN | TZ2_EARLY_FARMING | TZ3_STATE_FORMATION | TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK | TZ5_MEDIEVAL | TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL | TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ0_COMPONENT | EZ1_INDIVIDUAL | EZ2_IMMEDIATE_GROUP | EZ3_ORGANISATION_INSTITUTION | EZ4_SETTLEMENT_LOCAL_SYSTEM | EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM | EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK | EZ7_PLANETARY_SYSTEM | EZ8_MULTI_WORLD_SYSTEM
HABITAT: HAB.LOCAL_TERRESTRIAL | HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL | HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT | HAB.PARTIALLY_EXTRATERRESTRIAL | HAB.MULTI_HABITAT | HAB.HABITAT_INDEPENDENT
SURVIVABLE RANGE: SR0_SITE_BOUND | SR1_LOCAL_ECOSYSTEM | SR2_ECOREGIONAL | SR3_MULTI_ECOZONE | SR4_TRANSREGIONAL | SR5_DIASPORIC_DIGITAL
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0 | STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS | STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED | STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION | STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK | STAGE_5_REGENERATIVE_SELF_CORRECTING | STAGE_6–8_FUTURE_ONLY
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION | TAKEOFF | CLIMB | CONSOLIDATION | CRUISE | STAGNATION | DRIFT | DESCENT | FRACTURE | REPAIR | RELAUNCH | RECOMPOSITION | LOCK_IN
PHASE FREQUENCY: EPISODIC | SEASONAL | ANNUAL | GENERATIONAL | CENTENNIAL | MILLENNIAL | CONTINUOUS
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY | EXIT | RECRUITMENT | REPRODUCTION | CONVERSION | ASSIMILATION | FISSION | MERGER | DISPLACEMENT | DEPORTATION | DIASPORA | RETURN | ATTRITION | REPLACEMENT | UNKNOWN
FUTURE STATUS: PROPOSED | FUNDED | UNDER_CONSTRUCTION | PILOT | OPERATING | COMPLETED | FORECAST | EXPECTED | TARGET | CANCELLED | OBSERVED
TYPED EDGES: FORMS | ENABLES | CONSTRAINS | LOCATED_IN | MIGRATES_TO | ADMIXES_WITH | TRADES_WITH | TRANSMITS | HOSTS | RECRUITS | TAXES | CONQUERS | RESISTS | DISPLACES | DEPORTS | CONVERTS | ASSIMILATES | FISSIONS_INTO | MERGES_WITH | SUCCEEDS_POLITICALLY | REUSES_INFRASTRUCTURE | DAMAGES | REPAIRS | MEMORIALISES | CLAIMS | CONTESTS | FUNDS | BUILDS | OPERATES | DEPENDS_ON | ROUTES_THROUGH | RETURNS_TO_BUCKET

AI AUTHORITY LIMIT
AI may retrieve, compare and flag inconsistency. It may not settle identity, sacred, sovereignty or heritage-rights disputes; infer ethnicity from genes or objects; convert forecasts to facts; or expose sensitive sites.

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5. PROTECTED RECORD SCHEMA
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RECORD_ID; TITLE; RECORD_CLASS; DATE_STATUS; TIME_ZOOM; ENTITY_ZOOM; TYPE; SCALE; TIME; WORLD_BAND; LOCAL_PERIOD; PLACE; ENTITY; EVENT_CONDITION; DOMAIN; EVIDENCE; EPISTEMIC_STATUS; CONFIDENCE; RELATIONSHIP_GRADE; EDGE_TYPES; CAPABILITY_CONTEXT; LIFECYCLE; HABITAT_STATE; PHASE_FREQUENCY; AGENT_FLUX; FUTURE_STATUS; SOURCE_KEYS; GRAPH_SEED.

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6. COMPRESSED REGIONAL SPINE
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1. Earth system forms — 4.54 billion years ago.
2. Glacial cycles reshape Central Asian habitability — Pleistocene.
3. Early Holocene warming reorganises water and mobility — c. 12,000–7000 BCE.
4. Anau and Namazga sequences intensify village life — c. 5000–3500 BCE.
5. Large Namazga centres and regional hierarchy emerge — c. 3000–2400 BCE.
6. Dashly complexes develop in northern Afghanistan — c. 2200–1700 BCE.
7. Andronovo-related pastoral and metallurgical systems overlap northern Central Asia — c. 1800–1000 BCE.
8. Achaemenid imperial systems incorporate Bactria, Sogdia and neighbouring regions — 6th–4th centuries BCE.
9. Ai Khanoum preserves a Hellenistic urban complex — 3rd–2nd centuries BCE.
10. Buddhist institutions expand along Central Asian routes — 1st–3rd centuries CE.
11. Turkic khaganates overlay steppe and oasis systems — 6th–8th centuries CE.
12. Al-Khwarizmi, al-Farabi, al-Biruni, Ibn Sina and wider scholarly networks flourish — 9th–11th centuries.
13. Mongol conquest devastates major Central Asian centres — 1219–1221.
14. Ulugh Beg Observatory operates — 1420s.
15. Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen and other mobile systems interface with oasis states — 17th–19th centuries.
16. Railways and telegraph reorder Central Asian connectivity — late 19th century.
17. Soviet national-territorial delimitation creates republic frameworks — 1924–1936.
18. Mass irrigation and cotton production intensify — 1940s–1980s.
19. Jeltoqsan protests challenge Soviet authority — 1986.
20. Labour migration becomes a major social and economic system — 1990s–present.
21. Uzbekistan pursues economic and regional opening — 2016 onward.
22. War in Ukraine alters trade, migration and geopolitical balancing — 2022 onward.
23. Trans-Caspian and Middle Corridor investment accelerates — 2025–2026.
24. Evidence and ontology control: Early human occupations enter the wider Central Asian record — Middle Pleistocene onward.
25. Evidence and ontology control: Large Namazga centres and regional hierarchy emerge — c. 3000–2400 BCE.
26. Evidence and ontology control: Saka and other mobile confederations occupy steppe-oasis frontiers — c. 900–550 BCE.
27. Evidence and ontology control: Sogdian urban and merchant worlds expand — 4th century BCE–8th century CE.
28. Evidence and ontology control: Ulugh Beg Observatory operates — 1420s.
29. Evidence and ontology control: Revolution, civil war and Basmachi resistance fracture the region — 1917–1924.
30. Evidence and ontology control: Market transition and state consolidation produce uneven outcomes — 1990s.
31. Evidence and ontology control: International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists raises visibility — 2026.
32. Host, carrier and dependency reading: Qanat and canal traditions intensify water control — 2nd–1st millennia BCE.
33. Host, carrier and dependency reading: Arab conquest and early Islamic incorporation proceed unevenly — 651–750 CE.
34. Host, carrier and dependency reading: Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen and other mobile systems interface with oasis states — 17th–19th centuries.
35. Host, carrier and dependency reading: Market transition and state consolidation produce uneven outcomes — 1990s.
36. Host, carrier and dependency reading: Tajikistan water and irrigation modernisation receives new financing — 1 July 2026.

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7. PROTECTED CHRONOLOGY — 151 RECORDS
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RECORD CA.OXUS.0001 — EARTH SYSTEM FORMS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ0_GEOLOGICAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: SUBSTRATE.
SCALE: PLANETARY.
TIME: 4.54 billion years ago.
WORLD BAND: W000–W004.
LOCAL PERIOD: Deep substrate.
PLACE: Future Central Asian coordinate.
ENTITY: Earth system.
EVENT/CONDITION: Planetary accretion and differentiation establish the material substrate later reorganised into the Central Asian interior.
DOMAIN: GEOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: FOUNDATION_0.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: MILLENNIAL.
AGENT FLUX: UNKNOWN.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S001.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0001.EARTH_SYSTEM_FORMS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0002 — PALAEO-TETHYAN AND CONTINENTAL FRAGMENTS ASSEMBLE
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ0_GEOLOGICAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: TECTONIC_SYSTEM.
SCALE: PLANETARY.
TIME: c. 500–250 Ma.
WORLD BAND: W000–W004.
LOCAL PERIOD: Deep substrate.
PLACE: Central Asian Orogenic Belt.
ENTITY: Terranes and oceans.
EVENT/CONDITION: Subduction, accretion and collision build the geological mosaic beneath later steppe, mountain and basin systems.
DOMAIN: GEOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: FOUNDATION_0.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: MILLENNIAL.
AGENT FLUX: UNKNOWN.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S002.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0002.PALAEO_TETHYAN_AND_CONTINENTAL_FRAGMENTS_ASSEMBLE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0003 — INDIA–EURASIA COLLISION UPLIFTS PAMIR AND TIAN SHAN SYSTEMS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ0_GEOLOGICAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: OROGENY.
SCALE: PLANETARY.
TIME: c. 55–20 Ma onward.
WORLD BAND: W000–W004.
LOCAL PERIOD: Cenozoic.
PLACE: Pamir; Hindu Kush; Tian Shan.
ENTITY: Eurasian mountain systems.
EVENT/CONDITION: Continental collision and later deformation create highlands that feed rivers, glaciers, passes, hazards and ecological zonation.
DOMAIN: GEOLOGY|WATER.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: FOUNDATION_0.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: MILLENNIAL.
AGENT FLUX: UNKNOWN.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S002.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0003.INDIA_EURASIA_COLLISION_UPLIFTS_PAMIR_AND_TIAN_SHAN_SYSTEMS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0004 — ARAL–CASPIAN AND INTERIOR BASINS REORGANISE
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ0_GEOLOGICAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: BASIN_SYSTEM.
SCALE: PLANETARY.
TIME: Late Cenozoic.
WORLD BAND: W000–W004.
LOCAL PERIOD: Cenozoic.
PLACE: Aral basin; Turan lowland; Ferghana; Tarim interfaces.
ENTITY: Endorheic basin systems.
EVENT/CONDITION: Tectonics and climate produce alternating lakes, deserts, deltas and river courses that condition settlement and mobility.
DOMAIN: GEOLOGY|CLIMATE|WATER.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: FOUNDATION_0.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: MILLENNIAL.
AGENT FLUX: UNKNOWN.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S003.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0004.ARAL_CASPIAN_AND_INTERIOR_BASINS_REORGANISE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0005 — GLACIAL CYCLES RESHAPE CENTRAL ASIAN HABITABILITY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ1_DEEP_HUMAN.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: CLIMATE_PROCESS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: Pleistocene.
WORLD BAND: W005–W018.
LOCAL PERIOD: Pleistocene.
PLACE: Pamir; Tian Shan; deserts; piedmonts.
ENTITY: Climate system.
EVENT/CONDITION: Cold–warm oscillations alter glaciers, loess, river discharge, pasture and human corridors.
DOMAIN: CLIMATE|ECOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: FOUNDATION_0.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: MILLENNIAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S004.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0005.GLACIAL_CYCLES_RESHAPE_CENTRAL_ASIAN_HABITABILITY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0006 — EARLY HUMAN OCCUPATIONS ENTER THE WIDER CENTRAL ASIAN RECORD
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ1_DEEP_HUMAN.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: OCCUPATION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: Middle Pleistocene onward.
WORLD BAND: W005–W018.
LOCAL PERIOD: Palaeolithic.
PLACE: Mountain corridors and basins.
ENTITY: Early Homo populations.
EVENT/CONDITION: Lithic assemblages indicate repeated occupations, though some early dates and taxonomic assignments remain debated.
DOMAIN: HUMAN_DISPERSAL|ARCHAEOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: FOUNDATION_0.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: MILLENNIAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S005.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0006.EARLY_HUMAN_OCCUPATIONS_ENTER_THE_WIDER_CENTRAL_ASIAN_RECORD.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0007 — NEANDERTHAL AND MODERN-HUMAN INTERFACES DEVELOP
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ1_DEEP_HUMAN.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: POPULATION_INTERFACE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 120,000–40,000 BP.
WORLD BAND: W005–W018.
LOCAL PERIOD: Middle Palaeolithic.
PLACE: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Kyrgyzstan; Afghanistan interfaces.
ENTITY: Pleistocene populations.
EVENT/CONDITION: Cave and open-air archives record changing populations and technologies across mountain and piedmont corridors.
DOMAIN: HUMAN_DISPERSAL|TECHNOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: FOUNDATION_0.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: MILLENNIAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S005;OXUS.S006.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0007.NEANDERTHAL_AND_MODERN_HUMAN_INTERFACES_DEVELOP.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0008 — TESHIK-TASH AND OBI-RAKHMAT PRESERVE CONTESTED HUMAN HISTORIES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ1_DEEP_HUMAN.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ4_SETTLEMENT_LOCAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: SITE_SEQUENCE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 70,000–40,000 BP.
WORLD BAND: W005–W018.
LOCAL PERIOD: Middle Palaeolithic.
PLACE: Western Tian Shan and Hissar ranges.
ENTITY: Hominin remains and assemblages.
EVENT/CONDITION: Human remains and lithic sequences illuminate Neanderthal and early modern-human questions without proving a single replacement event.
DOMAIN: ARCHAEOLOGY|ANTHROPOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: FOUNDATION_0.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: MILLENNIAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S006.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0008.TESHIK_TASH_AND_OBI_RAKHMAT_PRESERVE_CONTESTED_HUMAN_HISTORIES.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0009 — UPPER PALAEOLITHIC ADAPTATIONS DIVERSIFY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ1_DEEP_HUMAN.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: ADAPTATION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 40,000–12,000 BP.
WORLD BAND: W005–W018.
LOCAL PERIOD: Upper Palaeolithic.
PLACE: Central Asian valleys and foothills.
ENTITY: Hunter-gatherer populations.
EVENT/CONDITION: Blade technologies, hunting and repeated regional occupations develop under variable late-glacial conditions.
DOMAIN: SUBSISTENCE|TECHNOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: FOUNDATION_0.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: MILLENNIAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S005.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0009.UPPER_PALAEOLITHIC_ADAPTATIONS_DIVERSIFY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0010 — EARLY HOLOCENE WARMING REORGANISES WATER AND MOBILITY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ2_EARLY_FARMING.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: ECOLOGICAL_TRANSITION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 12,000–7000 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W019–W028.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Holocene.
PLACE: Kopet Dag; Zeravshan; Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins.
ENTITY: Forager communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Warmer conditions and shifting vegetation create new resource mosaics while aridity remains spatially uneven.
DOMAIN: CLIMATE|SUBSISTENCE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S004.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0010.EARLY_HOLOCENE_WARMING_REORGANISES_WATER_AND_MOBILITY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0011 — JEITUN FARMING VILLAGES DEVELOP
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ2_EARLY_FARMING.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: EARLY_FARMING_SYSTEM.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 6200–5000 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W019–W028.
LOCAL PERIOD: Jeitun Neolithic.
PLACE: Kopet Dag piedmont, southern Turkmenistan.
ENTITY: Jeitun communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Mud-brick villages, cultivated cereals, herding and local hunting establish an early agropastoral system linked to but not reducible to Iranian Neolithic traditions.
DOMAIN: AGRICULTURE|SETTLEMENT.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S007;OXUS.S008.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0011.JEITUN_FARMING_VILLAGES_DEVELOP.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0012 — KELTEMINAR FORAGER-FISHER WORLDS PERSIST
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: FORAGER_NETWORK.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 7th–5th millennia BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Neolithic.
PLACE: Lower Amu Darya; Aral and desert lake systems.
ENTITY: Kelteminar communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Mobile hunting, fishing and gathering systems occupy riverine and lacustrine environments alongside, not simply before, farming societies.
DOMAIN: SUBSISTENCE|MOBILITY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S009.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0012.KELTEMINAR_FORAGER_FISHER_WORLDS_PERSIST.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0013 — HISSAR NEOLITHIC AND MOUNTAIN-PIEDMONT SYSTEMS EXPAND
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: REGIONAL_TRADITION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 6th–4th millennia BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Neolithic.
PLACE: Tajikistan and adjoining uplands.
ENTITY: Hissar communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Lithic, settlement and subsistence records show diverse local pathways rather than one uniform Neolithic package.
DOMAIN: SETTLEMENT|SUBSISTENCE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S010.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0013.HISSAR_NEOLITHIC_AND_MOUNTAIN_PIEDMONT_SYSTEMS_EXPAND.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0014 — ANAU AND NAMAZGA SEQUENCES INTENSIFY VILLAGE LIFE
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ2_EARLY_FARMING.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: VILLAGE_INTENSIFICATION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 5000–3500 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W019–W028.
LOCAL PERIOD: Chalcolithic.
PLACE: Kopet Dag piedmont.
ENTITY: Chalcolithic communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Settlement, craft production, irrigation and exchange increase through locally differentiated phases.
DOMAIN: SETTLEMENT|CRAFT|WATER.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S011.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0014.ANAU_AND_NAMAZGA_SEQUENCES_INTENSIFY_VILLAGE_LIFE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0015 — GEOKSYUR OASIS SETTLEMENTS DEVELOP
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ2_EARLY_FARMING.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: OASIS_SYSTEM.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 4500–3000 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W019–W028.
LOCAL PERIOD: Chalcolithic.
PLACE: Tedjen delta, Turkmenistan.
ENTITY: Oasis communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Canal-supported settlement and craft systems demonstrate early management of deltaic water and risk.
DOMAIN: WATER|AGRICULTURE|SETTLEMENT.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S011.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0015.GEOKSYUR_OASIS_SETTLEMENTS_DEVELOP.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0016 — SARAZM LINKS MOUNTAIN, OASIS AND INTERREGIONAL EXCHANGE
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ2_EARLY_FARMING.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: PROTO_URBAN_NODE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 3900–2000 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W019–W028.
LOCAL PERIOD: Chalcolithic–Bronze Age.
PLACE: Zeravshan Valley, Tajikistan.
ENTITY: Sarazm community.
EVENT/CONDITION: A long-lived proto-urban settlement combines farming, metallurgy and exchange extending toward steppe, Iranian and South Asian worlds.
DOMAIN: SETTLEMENT|METALLURGY|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S012.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0016.SARAZM_LINKS_MOUNTAIN_OASIS_AND_INTERREGIONAL_EXCHANGE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0017 — METALLURGY AND SPECIALISED CRAFT NETWORKS EXPAND
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: CRAFT_NETWORK.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 4th–3rd millennia BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Chalcolithic–Bronze Age.
PLACE: Kopet Dag; Zeravshan; Bactria; Margiana.
ENTITY: Craft communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Copper, bronze, stone and ceramic production connect mines, workshops, settlements and mobile carriers.
DOMAIN: METALLURGY|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S013.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0017.METALLURGY_AND_SPECIALISED_CRAFT_NETWORKS_EXPAND.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0018 — LARGE NAMAZGA CENTRES AND REGIONAL HIERARCHY EMERGE
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: REGIONAL_COMPLEXITY.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 3000–2400 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Bronze Age.
PLACE: Southern Turkmenistan.
ENTITY: Namazga communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Settlement size, storage, craft specialisation and exchange indicate increasing organisational complexity without requiring a unified state.
DOMAIN: URBANISM|ORGANISATION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S011.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0018.LARGE_NAMAZGA_CENTRES_AND_REGIONAL_HIERARCHY_EMERGE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0019 — OXUS CIVILISATION OR BMAC TAKES FORM
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 2500–1700 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Middle–Late Bronze Age.
PLACE: Margiana and Bactria.
ENTITY: BMAC/Oxus archaeological complex.
EVENT/CONDITION: Fortified and monumental settlements, irrigation, specialised crafts and ritual assemblages form a connected but politically non-unitary oasis complex.
DOMAIN: URBANISM|RITUAL|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S014;OXUS.S015.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0019.OXUS_CIVILISATION_OR_BMAC_TAKES_FORM.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0020 — GONUR DEPE BECOMES A MAJOR MARGIANAN CENTRE
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: URBAN_CENTRE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 2400–1600 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: BMAC/Oxus.
PLACE: Murghab delta, Turkmenistan.
ENTITY: Gonur settlement system.
EVENT/CONDITION: Palatial, ritual, residential and mortuary sectors reveal large-scale oasis organisation and long-distance exchange.
DOMAIN: URBANISM|RITUAL|CRAFT.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S014.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0020.GONUR_DEPE_BECOMES_A_MAJOR_MARGIANAN_CENTRE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0021 — TOGOLOK AND RELATED FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS ORGANISE DELTAIC LIFE
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: OASIS_NETWORK.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 2300–1700 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: BMAC/Oxus.
PLACE: Murghab delta.
ENTITY: Margianan communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Fortification, storage, ritual and water management articulate a distributed oasis landscape rather than a single capital system.
DOMAIN: SETTLEMENT|WATER|SECURITY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S014.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0021.TOGOLOK_AND_RELATED_FORTIFIED_SETTLEMENTS_ORGANISE_DELTAIC_LIFE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0022 — DASHLY COMPLEXES DEVELOP IN NORTHERN AFGHANISTAN
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: REGIONAL_COMPLEX.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 2200–1700 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: BMAC/Oxus.
PLACE: Bactria.
ENTITY: Bactrian communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Fortified and monumental sites participate in Oxus networks while preserving regional architectural differences.
DOMAIN: SETTLEMENT|RITUAL|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S015.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0022.DASHLY_COMPLEXES_DEVELOP_IN_NORTHERN_AFGHANISTAN.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0023 — SHORTUGAI CONNECTS OXUS AND INDUS EXCHANGE
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: INTERFACE_NODE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 2200–1800 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: BMAC–Indus interface.
PLACE: Upper Amu Darya, Afghanistan.
ENTITY: Shortugai settlement.
EVENT/CONDITION: Material links with the Indus world demonstrate movement of goods and practices without proving political colonisation across the entire corridor.
DOMAIN: TRADE|SETTLEMENT.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S016.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0023.SHORTUGAI_CONNECTS_OXUS_AND_INDUS_EXCHANGE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0024 — LAPIS LAZULI ROUTES CONNECT BADAKHSHAN OUTWARD
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: LONG_DISTANCE_FLOW.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 3rd–2nd millennia BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Bronze Age.
PLACE: Badakhshan and long-distance networks.
ENTITY: Mining and merchant systems.
EVENT/CONDITION: High-value stone moves through Central Asia toward Mesopotamia, Iran and South Asia through changing intermediaries.
DOMAIN: MINING|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S017.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0024.LAPIS_LAZULI_ROUTES_CONNECT_BADAKHSHAN_OUTWARD.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0025 — STEPPE PASTORAL GROUPS INTERACT WITH OASIS POPULATIONS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: STEPPE_OASIS_INTERFACE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 2200–1500 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Bronze Age interface.
PLACE: Northern Bactria; Margiana; Kazakhstan interfaces.
ENTITY: Pastoral and oasis communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Material, biological and technological exchange grows, but mobility and admixture do not imply one-way conquest or total replacement.
DOMAIN: MOBILITY|ANCESTRY|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S018;OXUS.S019.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0025.STEPPE_PASTORAL_GROUPS_INTERACT_WITH_OASIS_POPULATIONS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0026 — SOUTH ASIAN AND IRANIAN-RELATED ANCESTRIES MIX IN BMAC-ASSOCIATED POPULATIONS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: POPULATION_MIXING.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 2100–1700 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Bronze Age interface.
PLACE: Bactria-Margiana.
ENTITY: Human populations.
EVENT/CONDITION: Ancient DNA reveals heterogeneous populations and mobility while archaeological labels remain non-biological categories.
DOMAIN: ANCESTRY|MIGRATION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S018.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0026.SOUTH_ASIAN_AND_IRANIAN_RELATED_ANCESTRIES_MIX_IN_BMAC_ASSOCIATED_POPULA.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0027 — ANDRONOVO-RELATED PASTORAL AND METALLURGICAL SYSTEMS OVERLAP NORTHERN CENTRAL ASIA
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: TRANSREGIONAL_SYSTEM.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 1800–1000 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late Bronze Age.
PLACE: Kazakhstan; Semirechye; Bactrian margins.
ENTITY: Steppe pastoral communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Herding, metallurgy and mobility connect steppe and oasis zones while local cultures persist.
DOMAIN: PASTORALISM|METALLURGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S020.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0027.ANDRONOVO_RELATED_PASTORAL_AND_METALLURGICAL_SYSTEMS_OVERLAP_NORTHERN_CE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0028 — YAZ CULTURAL HORIZONS REORGANISE SOUTHERN CENTRAL ASIAN SETTLEMENT
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: REGIONAL_RECOMPOSITION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 1500–900 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Iron Age.
PLACE: Margiana; Bactria; Sogdia.
ENTITY: Yaz communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: New settlement and ceramic patterns accompany changing agropastoral, political and ritual systems after BMAC florescence.
DOMAIN: SETTLEMENT|AGRICULTURE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S021.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0028.YAZ_CULTURAL_HORIZONS_REORGANISE_SOUTHERN_CENTRAL_ASIAN_SETTLEMENT.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0029 — QANAT AND CANAL TRADITIONS INTENSIFY WATER CONTROL
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: HYDRAULIC_SYSTEM.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2nd–1st millennia BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Iron Age onward.
PLACE: Oases of Central Asia.
ENTITY: Hydraulic communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Underground and surface water systems support settlements and agriculture, with dates and diffusion paths varying by locality.
DOMAIN: WATER|AGRICULTURE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S022.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0029.QANAT_AND_CANAL_TRADITIONS_INTENSIFY_WATER_CONTROL.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0030 — SAKA AND OTHER MOBILE CONFEDERATIONS OCCUPY STEPPE-OASIS FRONTIERS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: MOBILE_CONFEDERATION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 900–550 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Iron Age.
PLACE: Kazakhstan; Pamir; Ferghana; Sogdian margins.
ENTITY: Saka-labelled groups.
EVENT/CONDITION: Archaeology and external texts indicate diverse mobile societies; ‘Saka’ is not one homogeneous ethnicity.
DOMAIN: MOBILITY|POLITY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S023.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0030.SAKA_AND_OTHER_MOBILE_CONFEDERATIONS_OCCUPY_STEPPE_OASIS_FRONTIERS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0031 — ACHAEMENID IMPERIAL SYSTEMS INCORPORATE BACTRIA, SOGDIA AND NEIGHBOURING REGIONS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: IMPERIAL_OVERLAY.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 6th–4th centuries BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Achaemenid period.
PLACE: Central Asian satrapies.
ENTITY: Achaemenid Empire and local communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Tribute, military recruitment, roads and administration overlay local political and economic systems with uneven control.
DOMAIN: EMPIRE|ADMINISTRATION|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S024.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0031.ACHAEMENID_IMPERIAL_SYSTEMS_INCORPORATE_BACTRIA_SOGDIA_AND_NEIGHBOURING_.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0032 — ALEXANDER’S CAMPAIGNS FRACTURE ACHAEMENID RULE IN CENTRAL ASIA
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT_RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: CONQUEST.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 329–327 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Hellenistic conquest.
PLACE: Bactria and Sogdia.
ENTITY: Macedonian forces and regional resistance.
EVENT/CONDITION: Conquest, siege, settlement and negotiated alliances produce severe disruption and new political formations.
DOMAIN: WAR|POLITY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: CONQUERS|RESISTS|DISPLACES.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S025.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0032.ALEXANDER_S_CAMPAIGNS_FRACTURE_ACHAEMENID_RULE_IN_CENTRAL_ASIA.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0033 — SELEUCID RULE OVERLAYS PARTS OF CENTRAL ASIA
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: IMPERIAL_OVERLAY.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: late 4th–3rd centuries BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Hellenistic.
PLACE: Bactria and Sogdia.
ENTITY: Seleucid state and local elites.
EVENT/CONDITION: Macedonian-founded institutions, coinage and military colonies coexist with local languages, cults and economic systems.
DOMAIN: EMPIRE|ECONOMY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S025.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0033.SELEUCID_RULE_OVERLAYS_PARTS_OF_CENTRAL_ASIA.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0034 — GRECO-BACTRIAN KINGDOMS DEVELOP
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: KINGDOM_NETWORK.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 250–130 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Greco-Bactrian.
PLACE: Bactria and adjoining regions.
ENTITY: Greco-Bactrian polities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Hellenistic political and artistic forms combine with Iranian and Central Asian systems across a changing set of kingdoms.
DOMAIN: POLITY|ART|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S026.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0034.GRECO_BACTRIAN_KINGDOMS_DEVELOP.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0035 — AI KHANOUM PRESERVES A HELLENISTIC URBAN COMPLEX
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ4_SETTLEMENT_LOCAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: CITY.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 3rd–2nd centuries BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Greco-Bactrian.
PLACE: Northeastern Afghanistan.
ENTITY: Ai Khanoum settlement.
EVENT/CONDITION: Architecture, inscriptions, coinage and material culture reveal a connected Hellenistic city with local and regional entanglements.
DOMAIN: URBANISM|KNOWLEDGE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S026.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0035.AI_KHANOUM_PRESERVES_A_HELLENISTIC_URBAN_COMPLEX.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0036 — YUEZHI MIGRATIONS ALTER BACTRIAN POWER
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: MIGRATION_SEQUENCE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2nd century BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late Hellenistic.
PLACE: From Gansu through Central Asia to Bactria.
ENTITY: Yuezhi groupings.
EVENT/CONDITION: Displacement and movement contribute to political recomposition; labels in Chinese texts should not be treated as fixed biological populations.
DOMAIN: MIGRATION|POLITY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S027.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0036.YUEZHI_MIGRATIONS_ALTER_BACTRIAN_POWER.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0037 — SAKA GROUPS ESTABLISH AND TRAVERSE SOUTHERN CENTRAL ASIAN CORRIDORS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: CONFEDERATION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2nd–1st centuries BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Saka period.
PLACE: Ferghana; Bactria; Sistan; northwest South Asia.
ENTITY: Saka groupings.
EVENT/CONDITION: Mobile confederations move through and rule varied regions while integrating local communities.
DOMAIN: MOBILITY|POLITY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S023.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0037.SAKA_GROUPS_ESTABLISH_AND_TRAVERSE_SOUTHERN_CENTRAL_ASIAN_CORRIDORS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0038 — KANGJU OPERATES ACROSS MIDDLE SYR DARYA NETWORKS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2nd century BCE–3rd century CE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Kangju.
PLACE: Syr Darya and steppe-oasis frontier.
ENTITY: Kangju polity/network.
EVENT/CONDITION: Chinese accounts and archaeology indicate a regional power linking mobile and settled economies; territorial boundaries remain approximate.
DOMAIN: POLITY|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S028.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0038.KANGJU_OPERATES_ACROSS_MIDDLE_SYR_DARYA_NETWORKS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0039 — KUSHAN POWER CONNECTS BACTRIA, SOUTH ASIA AND SILK ROAD SYSTEMS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: TRANSREGIONAL_EMPIRE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1st century BCE–4th century CE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Kushan period.
PLACE: Bactria; Gandhara; northern India; Central Asian corridors.
ENTITY: Kushan Empire and related elites.
EVENT/CONDITION: Political consolidation, coinage, trade and patronage connect multiple regions without creating cultural uniformity.
DOMAIN: EMPIRE|TRADE|RELIGION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S029;OXUS.S030.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0039.KUSHAN_POWER_CONNECTS_BACTRIA_SOUTH_ASIA_AND_SILK_ROAD_SYSTEMS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0040 — BUDDHIST INSTITUTIONS EXPAND ALONG CENTRAL ASIAN ROUTES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: RELIGIOUS_NETWORK.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1st–3rd centuries CE.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Kushan/Silk Road.
PLACE: Bactria; Termez; oasis corridors.
ENTITY: Monastic and merchant networks.
EVENT/CONDITION: Monasteries, art and texts travel with patrons and merchants, interacting with Iranian, Hellenistic and South Asian traditions.
DOMAIN: RELIGION|KNOWLEDGE|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S030.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0040.BUDDHIST_INSTITUTIONS_EXPAND_ALONG_CENTRAL_ASIAN_ROUTES.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0041 — KHWARAZM DEVELOPS DURABLE OASIS AND STATE SYSTEMS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: OASIS_POLITY.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1st millennium BCE–8th century CE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Khwarazm sequence.
PLACE: Lower Amu Darya.
ENTITY: Khwarazmian communities and polities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Irrigation, fortified settlements, local scripts and state formations persist through multiple imperial interfaces.
DOMAIN: WATER|POLITY|SETTLEMENT.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S031.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0041.KHWARAZM_DEVELOPS_DURABLE_OASIS_AND_STATE_SYSTEMS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0042 — SOGDIAN URBAN AND MERCHANT WORLDS EXPAND
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: MERCHANT_NETWORK.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 4th century BCE–8th century CE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Sogdian period.
PLACE: Zeravshan; Kashkadarya; trans-Eurasian routes.
ENTITY: Sogdian city-states and diasporas.
EVENT/CONDITION: Urban polities and merchant communities sustain multilingual trade, diplomacy and religious circulation across Eurasia.
DOMAIN: TRADE|URBANISM|DIASPORA.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S032;OXUS.S033.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0042.SOGDIAN_URBAN_AND_MERCHANT_WORLDS_EXPAND.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0043 — KIDARITIC AND HEPHTHALITE FORMATIONS RESHAPE CENTRAL ASIA
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: CONFEDERATED_EMPIRE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 4th–7th centuries CE.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late Antiquity.
PLACE: Bactria; Sogdia; Tokharistan.
ENTITY: Mobile-imperial confederations.
EVENT/CONDITION: Confederated powers rule mixed populations and interact with Sasanian, Indian and steppe states; ethnic labels remain contested.
DOMAIN: POLITY|WAR.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: CONQUERS|RESISTS|DISPLACES.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S034.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0043.KIDARITIC_AND_HEPHTHALITE_FORMATIONS_RESHAPE_CENTRAL_ASIA.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0044 — TURKIC KHAGANATES OVERLAY STEPPE AND OASIS SYSTEMS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: KHAGANATE_INTERFACE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 6th–8th centuries CE.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Turkic period.
PLACE: Central Asia.
ENTITY: Turkic-speaking confederations and local cities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Imperial mobility, tribute and diplomacy connect oases while Sogdian administrators and merchants remain influential.
DOMAIN: POLITY|LANGUAGE|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S035.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0044.TURKIC_KHAGANATES_OVERLAY_STEPPE_AND_OASIS_SYSTEMS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0045 — ARAB CONQUEST AND EARLY ISLAMIC INCORPORATION PROCEED UNEVENLY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: IMPERIAL_TRANSITION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 651–750 CE.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Islamic.
PLACE: Merv; Bukhara; Samarkand; Khwarazm; Tokharistan.
ENTITY: Caliphal forces and local polities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Military campaigns, treaties, taxation and revolt reshape rule over generations; Islamisation and Arabisation are not instantaneous.
DOMAIN: WAR|RELIGION|ADMINISTRATION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: CONQUERS|RESISTS|DISPLACES.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S036.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0045.ARAB_CONQUEST_AND_EARLY_ISLAMIC_INCORPORATION_PROCEED_UNEVENLY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0046 — ISLAMIC INSTITUTIONS AND PERSIANATE CULTURE DEEPEN
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ5_MEDIEVAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: CULTURAL_NETWORK.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 8th–10th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W054–W060.
LOCAL PERIOD: Islamic Central Asia.
PLACE: Transoxiana and Khurasan.
ENTITY: Scholars, merchants, urban communities and states.
EVENT/CONDITION: Mosques, law, scholarship and Persian literary-administrative culture expand through local adaptation and multilingual practice.
DOMAIN: RELIGION|KNOWLEDGE|LANGUAGE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S037.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0046.ISLAMIC_INSTITUTIONS_AND_PERSIANATE_CULTURE_DEEPEN.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0047 — SAMANID STATE CENTRES BUKHARA AND TRANSOXIANA
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: STATE_SYSTEM.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 819–999.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Samanid period.
PLACE: Transoxiana and Khurasan.
ENTITY: Samanid dynasty and urban institutions.
EVENT/CONDITION: A Persianate Islamic polity supports trade, scholarship, coinage and urban growth while relying on diverse military and local actors.
DOMAIN: POLITY|KNOWLEDGE|ECONOMY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S038.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0047.SAMANID_STATE_CENTRES_BUKHARA_AND_TRANSOXIANA.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0048 — AL-KHWARIZMI, AL-FARABI, AL-BIRUNI, IBN SINA AND WIDER SCHOLARLY NETWORKS FLOURISH
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ5_MEDIEVAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_NETWORK.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 9th–11th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W054–W060.
LOCAL PERIOD: Islamic age of achievement.
PLACE: Central Asian and connected Islamic centres.
ENTITY: Scholars and institutions.
EVENT/CONDITION: Knowledge is produced through mobile, multilingual networks; later national ownership claims do not exhaust these transregional lives.
DOMAIN: KNOWLEDGE|SCIENCE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S039.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0048.AL_KHWARIZMI_AL_FARABI_AL_BIRUNI_IBN_SINA_AND_WIDER_SCHOLARLY_NETWORKS_F.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0049 — KARAKHANID RULE ADVANCES TURKIC-ISLAMIC STATE FORMATION
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ5_MEDIEVAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 10th–12th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W054–W060.
LOCAL PERIOD: Karakhanid.
PLACE: Transoxiana; Semirechye; Kashgar interfaces.
ENTITY: Karakhanid polities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Turkic-speaking ruling houses adopt and patronise Islam while urban and pastoral systems remain connected.
DOMAIN: POLITY|RELIGION|LANGUAGE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S040.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0049.KARAKHANID_RULE_ADVANCES_TURKIC_ISLAMIC_STATE_FORMATION.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0050 — SELJUQ AND GHAZNAVID INTERFACES CONNECT CENTRAL ASIA, IRAN AND SOUTH ASIA
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ5_MEDIEVAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: TRANSREGIONAL_INTERFACE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 11th–12th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W054–W060.
LOCAL PERIOD: Medieval Islamic.
PLACE: Khurasan and adjacent regions.
ENTITY: Turkic dynasties and Persianate institutions.
EVENT/CONDITION: Military migration and Persianate administration generate new imperial hosts beyond Central Asian origins.
DOMAIN: EMPIRE|HOST_MIGRATION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S041.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0050.SELJUQ_AND_GHAZNAVID_INTERFACES_CONNECT_CENTRAL_ASIA_IRAN_AND_SOUTH_ASIA.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0051 — KHWARAZMSHAH POWER EXPANDS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: IMPERIAL_EXPANSION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1077–1231.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Khwarazmshah.
PLACE: Khwarazm, Transoxiana, Iran and Afghanistan.
ENTITY: Khwarazmshah state.
EVENT/CONDITION: An oasis-based dynasty becomes a major empire before conflict with the Mongols exposes logistical and political vulnerabilities.
DOMAIN: EMPIRE|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S042.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0051.KHWARAZMSHAH_POWER_EXPANDS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0052 — MONGOL CONQUEST DEVASTATES MAJOR CENTRAL ASIAN CENTRES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT_RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: CIVILISATIONAL_FRACTURE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1219–1221.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Mongol conquest.
PLACE: Otrar; Bukhara; Samarkand; Khwarazm; Merv.
ENTITY: Mongol armies and regional populations.
EVENT/CONDITION: Sieges, killings, displacement and hydraulic damage produce severe fracture, varying greatly by locality and source.
DOMAIN: WAR|DEMOGRAPHY|WATER.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: CONQUERS|RESISTS|DISPLACES.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S043.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0052.MONGOL_CONQUEST_DEVASTATES_MAJOR_CENTRAL_ASIAN_CENTRES.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0053 — CHAGATAI ULUS REORGANISES CENTRAL ASIAN SOVEREIGNTY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ5_MEDIEVAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: RECOMPOSITION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 13th–14th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W054–W060.
LOCAL PERIOD: Post-conquest.
PLACE: Transoxiana; Semirechye; eastern Central Asia.
ENTITY: Chagatai polity and successor groupings.
EVENT/CONDITION: Mongol political structures, Turkic languages, Islam and local urban institutions recombine over time.
DOMAIN: POLITY|LANGUAGE|RELIGION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S044.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0053.CHAGATAI_ULUS_REORGANISES_CENTRAL_ASIAN_SOVEREIGNTY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0054 — CHAGATAI LITERARY LANGUAGE DEVELOPS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ5_MEDIEVAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: INFORMATION_SYSTEM.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 14th century.
WORLD BAND: W054–W060.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late medieval.
PLACE: Central Asian courts and literary networks.
ENTITY: Writers, courts and scribal communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: A Turkic literary medium grows within Persianate and Islamic information systems without replacing all local languages.
DOMAIN: LANGUAGE|LITERATURE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S045.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0054.CHAGATAI_LITERARY_LANGUAGE_DEVELOPS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0055 — TIMUR BUILDS A CONQUEST EMPIRE FROM TRANSOXIANA
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: CONQUEST_EMPIRE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1370–1405.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Timurid formation.
PLACE: Samarkand-centred empire.
ENTITY: Timur and military-administrative networks.
EVENT/CONDITION: Campaigns concentrate resources and coercion around Samarkand while causing destruction across connected regions.
DOMAIN: EMPIRE|WAR.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: CONQUERS|RESISTS|DISPLACES.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S046.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0055.TIMUR_BUILDS_A_CONQUEST_EMPIRE_FROM_TRANSOXIANA.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0056 — TIMURID CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS FLOURISH
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ5_MEDIEVAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: PATRONAGE_SYSTEM.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 15th century.
WORLD BAND: W054–W060.
LOCAL PERIOD: Timurid.
PLACE: Samarkand; Herat; Central Asian networks.
ENTITY: Courts, workshops, observatories and scholars.
EVENT/CONDITION: Architecture, manuscript arts and astronomy expand through imperial patronage and transregional labour.
DOMAIN: KNOWLEDGE|ART|SCIENCE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S047.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0056.TIMURID_CULTURAL_AND_SCIENTIFIC_INSTITUTIONS_FLOURISH.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0057 — ULUGH BEG OBSERVATORY OPERATES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ4_SETTLEMENT_LOCAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: OBSERVATORY.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1420s.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Timurid.
PLACE: Samarkand.
ENTITY: Astronomers and observatory institution.
EVENT/CONDITION: Systematic observation and mathematical astronomy produce influential tables within a wider Islamic scientific tradition.
DOMAIN: SCIENCE|INSTITUTION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S047.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0057.ULUGH_BEG_OBSERVATORY_OPERATES.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0058 — SHAYBANID UZBEK POWER REPLACES TIMURID RULE IN TRANSOXIANA
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ5_MEDIEVAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: DYNASTIC_TRANSITION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 16th century.
WORLD BAND: W054–W060.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early modern.
PLACE: Bukhara; Samarkand; Transoxiana.
ENTITY: Shaybanid confederation and local institutions.
EVENT/CONDITION: Mobile political coalitions establish new dynastic hosts while retaining Persianate urban administration.
DOMAIN: POLITY|HOST_MIGRATION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S048.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0058.SHAYBANID_UZBEK_POWER_REPLACES_TIMURID_RULE_IN_TRANSOXIANA.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0059 — BUKHARA, KHIVA AND KOKAND KHANATES DEVELOP
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: STATE_PLURALITY.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 16th–19th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Khanate period.
PLACE: Central Asian oasis zones.
ENTITY: Khanates and emirates.
EVENT/CONDITION: Distinct states organise oasis agriculture, trade, Islamic institutions and mobile frontiers without forming one Central Asian polity.
DOMAIN: POLITY|WATER|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S049.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0059.BUKHARA_KHIVA_AND_KOKAND_KHANATES_DEVELOP.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0060 — CARAVAN TRADE ADAPTS AFTER MARITIME ROUTE EXPANSION
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: NETWORK_ADAPTATION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 16th–19th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early modern.
PLACE: Central Asian corridors.
ENTITY: Merchants, caravanserais and states.
EVENT/CONDITION: Overland exchange persists and changes rather than simply ending with European oceanic commerce.
DOMAIN: TRADE|TRANSPORT.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S050.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0060.CARAVAN_TRADE_ADAPTS_AFTER_MARITIME_ROUTE_EXPANSION.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0061 — KAZAKH, KYRGYZ, TURKMEN AND OTHER MOBILE SYSTEMS INTERFACE WITH OASIS STATES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: STEPPE_OASIS_INTERFACE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 17th–19th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early modern.
PLACE: Steppe, desert and mountain frontiers.
ENTITY: Pastoral communities and khanates.
EVENT/CONDITION: Seasonal mobility, tribute, raiding, market exchange and alliance connect political economies across ecological zones.
DOMAIN: PASTORALISM|TRADE|POLITY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S051.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0061.KAZAKH_KYRGYZ_TURKMEN_AND_OTHER_MOBILE_SYSTEMS_INTERFACE_WITH_OASIS_STAT.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0062 — QING, RUSSIAN, AFGHAN, PERSIAN AND BRITISH PRESSURES CONVERGE
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: MULTI_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 18th–19th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Imperial frontier.
PLACE: Central Asian frontiers.
ENTITY: Regional and imperial states.
EVENT/CONDITION: Competing empires map, negotiate and intervene through uneven frontier zones later simplified as the Great Game.
DOMAIN: GEOPOLITICS|MAPPING.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S052.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0062.QING_RUSSIAN_AFGHAN_PERSIAN_AND_BRITISH_PRESSURES_CONVERGE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0063 — RUSSIAN EXPANSION ADVANCES INTO THE KAZAKH STEPPE AND CENTRAL ASIAN APPROACHES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: COLONIAL_EXPANSION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1730s–1860s.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Russian expansion.
PLACE: Northern Central Asia.
ENTITY: Russian Empire and local polities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Fort lines, treaties, coercion and settlement gradually constrain mobile sovereignty and open routes toward oasis conquest.
DOMAIN: EMPIRE|SETTLEMENT.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S053.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0063.RUSSIAN_EXPANSION_ADVANCES_INTO_THE_KAZAKH_STEPPE_AND_CENTRAL_ASIAN_APPR.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0064 — RUSSIAN EMPIRE CONQUERS TASHKENT, BUKHARA’S DEPENDENCIES, KHIVA AND TURKMEN TERRITORIES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: COLONIAL_RULE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1865–1885.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Colonial period.
PLACE: Central Asia.
ENTITY: Russian military-colonial administration.
EVENT/CONDITION: Conquest creates governorates and protectorates, redirects trade and imposes new legal and fiscal hierarchies.
DOMAIN: WAR|ADMINISTRATION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: CONQUERS|RESISTS|DISPLACES.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S054.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0064.RUSSIAN_EMPIRE_CONQUERS_TASHKENT_BUKHARA_S_DEPENDENCIES_KHIVA_AND_TURKME.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0065 — RAILWAYS AND TELEGRAPH REORDER CENTRAL ASIAN CONNECTIVITY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: NETWORK_TRANSITION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: late 19th century.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Colonial period.
PLACE: Trans-Caspian and Turkestan routes.
ENTITY: Imperial infrastructure.
EVENT/CONDITION: New transport accelerates military control, commodity flows, migration and information while bypassing some older routes.
DOMAIN: INFRASTRUCTURE|COMMUNICATIONS.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S055.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0065.RAILWAYS_AND_TELEGRAPH_REORDER_CENTRAL_ASIAN_CONNECTIVITY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0066 — COTTON MONOCULTURE EXPANDS UNDER IMPERIAL DEMAND
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: EXTRACTIVE_SYSTEM.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: late 19th–early 20th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Colonial period.
PLACE: Ferghana; Syr Darya; Transoxiana.
ENTITY: Colonial economy and farming communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Irrigation and land use increasingly serve external textile markets, deepening ecological and food dependencies.
DOMAIN: AGRICULTURE|ECONOMY|WATER.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S056.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0066.COTTON_MONOCULTURE_EXPANDS_UNDER_IMPERIAL_DEMAND.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0067 — JADID REFORM MOVEMENTS EXPAND
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: REFORM_NETWORK.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1880s–1910s.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late imperial.
PLACE: Central Asian cities.
ENTITY: Educators, publishers and reformers.
EVENT/CONDITION: New-method schools and print debate education, religion and political renewal across Turkic and Persian-speaking communities.
DOMAIN: EDUCATION|PRINT|REFORM.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S057.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0067.JADID_REFORM_MOVEMENTS_EXPAND.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0068 — CENTRAL ASIAN REVOLT ERUPTS AGAINST RUSSIAN WARTIME MOBILISATION
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: ANTI_COLONIAL_REVOLT.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1916.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Revolutionary crisis.
PLACE: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Turkestan.
ENTITY: Colonial subjects and imperial state.
EVENT/CONDITION: Conscription orders and accumulated land pressure provoke revolt, repression, flight and mass death, especially in Kyrgyz Urkun memory.
DOMAIN: WAR|COERCION|DISPLACEMENT.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: CONQUERS|RESISTS|DISPLACES.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S058.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0068.CENTRAL_ASIAN_REVOLT_ERUPTS_AGAINST_RUSSIAN_WARTIME_MOBILISATION.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0069 — REVOLUTION, CIVIL WAR AND BASMACHI RESISTANCE FRACTURE THE REGION
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: CIVIL_CONFLICT.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1917–1924.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Soviet transition.
PLACE: Central Asia.
ENTITY: Bolsheviks, local movements and armed groups.
EVENT/CONDITION: Competing projects of autonomy, revolution, anti-colonial resistance and Islamic/local rule collide.
DOMAIN: WAR|POLITY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: CONQUERS|RESISTS|DISPLACES.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S059.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0069.REVOLUTION_CIVIL_WAR_AND_BASMACHI_RESISTANCE_FRACTURE_THE_REGION.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0070 — SOVIET NATIONAL-TERRITORIAL DELIMITATION CREATES REPUBLIC FRAMEWORKS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: TERRITORIAL_ENGINEERING.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1924–1936.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Soviet formation.
PLACE: Central Asia.
ENTITY: Soviet institutions and regional elites.
EVENT/CONDITION: Borders and titular national categories are institutionalised through negotiation and coercion, not discovered as timeless ethnic maps.
DOMAIN: BORDERS|IDENTITY|ADMINISTRATION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S060.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0070.SOVIET_NATIONAL_TERRITORIAL_DELIMITATION_CREATES_REPUBLIC_FRAMEWORKS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0071 — COLLECTIVISATION AND SEDENTARISATION TRANSFORM RURAL LIFE
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: FORCED_TRANSFORMATION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1920s–1930s.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Soviet transformation.
PLACE: Central Asian republics.
ENTITY: Soviet state, farmers and pastoralists.
EVENT/CONDITION: Property seizure, settlement campaigns and production quotas reorganise communities and cause severe deprivation and displacement.
DOMAIN: AGRICULTURE|COERCION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S061.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0071.COLLECTIVISATION_AND_SEDENTARISATION_TRANSFORM_RURAL_LIFE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0072 — PURGES DESTROY POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS AND INTELLECTUAL NETWORKS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: STATE_REPRESSION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1930s.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Stalinist period.
PLACE: Central Asian republics.
ENTITY: Soviet security state and targeted communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Executions, imprisonment and censorship rupture institutions and archives while reshaping elite formation.
DOMAIN: COERCION|KNOWLEDGE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S062.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0072.PURGES_DESTROY_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_AND_INTELLECTUAL_NETWORKS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0073 — CENTRAL ASIA BECOMES A WARTIME MOBILISATION AND EVACUATION HOST
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: MOBILISATION_HOST.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1941–1945.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Second World War.
PLACE: Soviet Central Asia.
ENTITY: Soldiers, workers, evacuees and industries.
EVENT/CONDITION: Millions serve or relocate; industrial and demographic systems are redistributed under wartime coercion.
DOMAIN: WAR|INDUSTRY|MIGRATION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: CONQUERS|RESISTS|DISPLACES.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S063.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0073.CENTRAL_ASIA_BECOMES_A_WARTIME_MOBILISATION_AND_EVACUATION_HOST.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0074 — MASS IRRIGATION AND COTTON PRODUCTION INTENSIFY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: HYDRAULIC_LOCK_IN.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1940s–1980s.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late Soviet.
PLACE: Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins.
ENTITY: Soviet planners and republic economies.
EVENT/CONDITION: Large canals and quotas raise production while externalising salinisation, pollution and water depletion.
DOMAIN: WATER|AGRICULTURE|ECOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S064.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0074.MASS_IRRIGATION_AND_COTTON_PRODUCTION_INTENSIFY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0075 — ARAL SEA CONTRACTS CATASTROPHICALLY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: ECOLOGICAL_FRACTURE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1960s onward.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late Soviet–modern.
PLACE: Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
ENTITY: Aral basin system and affected communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: River diversion causes ecological collapse, fishery loss, exposed seabed and health harms; responsibility is systemic and transboundary.
DOMAIN: ECOLOGY|HEALTH|WATER.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S065.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0075.ARAL_SEA_CONTRACTS_CATASTROPHICALLY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0076 — SEMIPALATINSK NUCLEAR TESTING EXPOSES POPULATIONS AND LANDSCAPES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: TECHNOLOGICAL_HARM.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1949–1989.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Soviet industrial-military.
PLACE: Kazakhstan.
ENTITY: Soviet nuclear complex and local communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atmospheric and underground tests generate long-term health, environmental and memory burdens.
DOMAIN: NUCLEAR|HEALTH|COERCION.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S066.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0076.SEMIPALATINSK_NUCLEAR_TESTING_EXPOSES_POPULATIONS_AND_LANDSCAPES.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0077 — BAIKONUR BECOMES A PLANETARY SPACE INFRASTRUCTURE HOST
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: PLANETARY_HOST.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1955–present.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Space age.
PLACE: Kazakhstan.
ENTITY: Soviet/Russian space systems and Kazakhstan.
EVENT/CONDITION: Launch capability connects Central Asia to orbital systems while control, benefit and environmental burdens are unequally distributed.
DOMAIN: SPACE|INFRASTRUCTURE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S067.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0077.BAIKONUR_BECOMES_A_PLANETARY_SPACE_INFRASTRUCTURE_HOST.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0078 — JELTOQSAN PROTESTS CHALLENGE SOVIET AUTHORITY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: POLITICAL_FRACTURE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1986.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late Soviet.
PLACE: Almaty.
ENTITY: Kazakh protesters and Soviet state.
EVENT/CONDITION: Demonstrations and repression become a major memory point in late-Soviet national politics.
DOMAIN: POLITICS|PROTEST.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S068.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0078.JELTOQSAN_PROTESTS_CHALLENGE_SOVIET_AUTHORITY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0079 — SOVIET AUTHORITY DISSOLVES AND FIVE REPUBLICS BECOME INDEPENDENT
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: SOVEREIGN_TRANSITION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1989–1991.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Independence.
PLACE: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan.
ENTITY: New sovereign states.
EVENT/CONDITION: Institutional continuity, new borders and national projects emerge from Soviet republic structures rather than premodern political restoration.
DOMAIN: STATE_FORMATION|BORDERS.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S069.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0079.SOVIET_AUTHORITY_DISSOLVES_AND_FIVE_REPUBLICS_BECOME_INDEPENDENT.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0080 — TAJIK CIVIL WAR FRACTURES STATE AND SOCIETY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: CIVIL_WAR.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1992–1997.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Post-Soviet.
PLACE: Tajikistan.
ENTITY: Government, opposition groups and civilians.
EVENT/CONDITION: Civil conflict causes deaths, displacement and institutional breakdown before a negotiated peace establishes a new political settlement.
DOMAIN: WAR|DISPLACEMENT|REPAIR.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: CONQUERS|RESISTS|DISPLACES.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S070.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0080.TAJIK_CIVIL_WAR_FRACTURES_STATE_AND_SOCIETY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0081 — MARKET TRANSITION AND STATE CONSOLIDATION PRODUCE UNEVEN OUTCOMES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_TRANSITION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1990s.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Post-Soviet.
PLACE: Central Asian republics.
ENTITY: States, households and firms.
EVENT/CONDITION: Privatisation, inflation, labour migration and patronage systems reshape livelihoods and political power.
DOMAIN: ECONOMY|POLITY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S071.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0081.MARKET_TRANSITION_AND_STATE_CONSOLIDATION_PRODUCE_UNEVEN_OUTCOMES.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0082 — LABOUR MIGRATION BECOMES A MAJOR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEM
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: DIASPORA_SYSTEM.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1990s–present.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Central Asia to Russia and other destinations.
ENTITY: Migrant workers, households and states.
EVENT/CONDITION: Remittances support households while exposing migrants to legal, labour and geopolitical vulnerability.
DOMAIN: MIGRATION|ECONOMY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S072.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0082.LABOUR_MIGRATION_BECOMES_A_MAJOR_SOCIAL_AND_ECONOMIC_SYSTEM.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0083 — INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR SAVING THE ARAL SEA COORDINATES REGIONAL WATER EFFORTS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ3_ORGANISATION_INSTITUTION.
TYPE: REGIONAL_INSTITUTION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1993–present.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Aral basin.
ENTITY: Central Asian states and IFAS.
EVENT/CONDITION: Regional institutions seek cooperation but remain constrained by sovereignty, finance, data and upstream-downstream interests.
DOMAIN: WATER|GOVERNANCE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S073.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0083.INTERNATIONAL_FUND_FOR_SAVING_THE_ARAL_SEA_COORDINATES_REGIONAL_WATER_EF.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0084 — AFGHANISTAN WAR RESHAPES CENTRAL ASIAN SECURITY AND LOGISTICS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: BORDER_INTERFACE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2001–2021.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Southern Central Asian borders.
ENTITY: States, military coalitions, traders and communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Security regimes, transit, migration and border economies respond to conflict without making Afghanistan merely an external threat object.
DOMAIN: SECURITY|MIGRATION|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S074.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0084.AFGHANISTAN_WAR_RESHAPES_CENTRAL_ASIAN_SECURITY_AND_LOGISTICS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0085 — KYRGYZ POLITICAL UPRISINGS REMOVE PRESIDENTS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT_RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: REGIME_FRACTURE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2005 and 2010.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Post-Soviet.
PLACE: Kyrgyzstan.
ENTITY: Citizens, elites and state institutions.
EVENT/CONDITION: Repeated mobilisation shows political openness and instability interacting within a weakly institutionalised system.
DOMAIN: POLITICS|PROTEST.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S075.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0085.KYRGYZ_POLITICAL_UPRISINGS_REMOVE_PRESIDENTS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0086 — BELT AND ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE EXPANDS CENTRAL ASIAN CORRIDORS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: CONNECTIVITY_PROGRAMME.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2013 onward.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan.
ENTITY: Chinese, national and commercial actors.
EVENT/CONDITION: Rail, road, energy and logistics investments create new routes and dependencies; announced corridors are not all equally operational.
DOMAIN: INFRASTRUCTURE|TRADE|DEBT.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S076.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0086.BELT_AND_ROAD_INFRASTRUCTURE_EXPANDS_CENTRAL_ASIAN_CORRIDORS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0087 — UZBEKISTAN PURSUES ECONOMIC AND REGIONAL OPENING
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: STATE_REFORM.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2016 onward.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Uzbekistan and neighbours.
ENTITY: Uzbek state and society.
EVENT/CONDITION: Currency, border and trade reforms improve connectivity while political rights and implementation remain uneven.
DOMAIN: REFORM|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S077.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0087.UZBEKISTAN_PURSUES_ECONOMIC_AND_REGIONAL_OPENING.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0088 — CENTRAL ASIAN LEADERS INSTITUTIONALISE CONSULTATIVE MEETINGS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: REGIONAL_PROCESS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2018.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Central Asia.
ENTITY: Five republics.
EVENT/CONDITION: Regular leader-level consultation signals stronger regional agency without yet constituting a supranational union.
DOMAIN: DIPLOMACY|REGIONALISM.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S078.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0088.CENTRAL_ASIAN_LEADERS_INSTITUTIONALISE_CONSULTATIVE_MEETINGS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0089 — KYRGYZ–TAJIK BORDER CLASHES CAUSE DEATHS AND DISPLACEMENT
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: BORDER_FRACTURE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2021–2022.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Batken and adjoining districts.
ENTITY: Border forces and civilian communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Unresolved Soviet-era delimitation, road and water disputes escalate into severe violence.
DOMAIN: WAR|BORDERS|WATER.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: CONQUERS|RESISTS|DISPLACES.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S079.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0089.KYRGYZ_TAJIK_BORDER_CLASHES_CAUSE_DEATHS_AND_DISPLACEMENT.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0090 — KAZAKHSTAN UNREST AND INTERVENTION EXPOSE STATE FRAGILITY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: STATE_CRISIS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: January 2022.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Kazakhstan.
ENTITY: Protesters, state forces and CSTO contingent.
EVENT/CONDITION: Fuel-price protests broaden into political crisis, violence and external security intervention; casualty and responsibility questions require source separation.
DOMAIN: POLITICS|SECURITY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S080.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0090.KAZAKHSTAN_UNREST_AND_INTERVENTION_EXPOSE_STATE_FRAGILITY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0091 — WAR IN UKRAINE ALTERS TRADE, MIGRATION AND GEOPOLITICAL BALANCING
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: EXTERNAL_SHOCK.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2022 onward.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Central Asia.
ENTITY: States, migrants, firms and external powers.
EVENT/CONDITION: Sanctions, transit changes and Russian mobilisation pressures reshape regional choices without ending Russian influence.
DOMAIN: GEOPOLITICS|MIGRATION|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S081.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0091.WAR_IN_UKRAINE_ALTERS_TRADE_MIGRATION_AND_GEOPOLITICAL_BALANCING.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0092 — KYRGYZSTAN AND TAJIKISTAN SIGN STATE-BORDER TREATY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ0_GEOLOGICAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ3_ORGANISATION_INSTITUTION.
TYPE: PEACE_AGREEMENT.
SCALE: PLANETARY.
TIME: 13 March 2025.
WORLD BAND: W000–W004.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Bishkek and shared frontier.
ENTITY: Kyrgyz and Tajik states.
EVENT/CONDITION: The treaty resolves a long negotiation and enables transport reopening, but local implementation and reconciliation remain continuing processes.
DOMAIN: BORDERS|DIPLOMACY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: FOUNDATION_0.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: MILLENNIAL.
AGENT FLUX: UNKNOWN.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S082.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0092.KYRGYZSTAN_AND_TAJIKISTAN_SIGN_STATE_BORDER_TREATY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0093 — FIRST EU–CENTRAL ASIA SUMMIT DECLARES STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ3_ORGANISATION_INSTITUTION.
TYPE: PARTNERSHIP.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 4 April 2025.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Samarkand.
ENTITY: European Union and five Central Asian states.
EVENT/CONDITION: The summit expands cooperation plans in transport, raw materials, energy, digital systems and water; funding announcements are not completed outcomes.
DOMAIN: DIPLOMACY|TRADE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S083.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0093.FIRST_EU_CENTRAL_ASIA_SUMMIT_DECLARES_STRATEGIC_PARTNERSHIP.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0094 — PROPOSAL FOR A COMMUNITY OF CENTRAL ASIA ADVANCES REGIONAL DEBATE
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: PROPOSAL.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: November 2025.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Tashkent.
ENTITY: Uzbekistan and regional states.
EVENT/CONDITION: A proposed formal regional organisation signals integration ambitions but remains a proposal pending collective adoption and implementation.
DOMAIN: REGIONALISM|FUTURE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FUNDS|BUILDS|OPERATES.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: PROPOSED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S084.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0094.PROPOSAL_FOR_A_COMMUNITY_OF_CENTRAL_ASIA_ADVANCES_REGIONAL_DEBATE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0095 — TRANS-CASPIAN AND MIDDLE CORRIDOR INVESTMENT ACCELERATES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: CORRIDOR_EXPANSION.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2025–2026.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Kazakhstan; Caspian; Caucasus interfaces.
ENTITY: States, ports, rail and logistics firms.
EVENT/CONDITION: Efforts to diversify Eurasian transit grow, but capacity, customs, conflict and environmental limits remain.
DOMAIN: TRADE|INFRASTRUCTURE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: TRADES_WITH|ROUTES_THROUGH|TRANSMITS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S085.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0095.TRANS_CASPIAN_AND_MIDDLE_CORRIDOR_INVESTMENT_ACCELERATES.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0096 — INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF RANGELANDS AND PASTORALISTS RAISES VISIBILITY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: POLICY_FRAME.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2026.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Live 2026.
PLACE: Central Asian rangelands.
ENTITY: Pastoralists, Mongolia-led coalition and UN system.
EVENT/CONDITION: Global policy attention increases, but recognition does not itself repair land degradation or protect mobility rights.
DOMAIN: PASTORALISM|RIGHTS|ECOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S086.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0096.INTERNATIONAL_YEAR_OF_RANGELANDS_AND_PASTORALISTS_RAISES_VISIBILITY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0097 — TAJIKISTAN WATER AND IRRIGATION MODERNISATION RECEIVES NEW FINANCING
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ3_ORGANISATION_INSTITUTION.
TYPE: FUNDED_PROJECT.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1 July 2026.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Live 2026.
PLACE: Tajikistan.
ENTITY: Tajik institutions, farmers and World Bank.
EVENT/CONDITION: A funded programme targets irrigation and institutional reform; benefits remain future implementation claims at cutoff.
DOMAIN: WATER|AGRICULTURE|FUTURE.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: FUNDED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S087.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0097.TAJIKISTAN_WATER_AND_IRRIGATION_MODERNISATION_RECEIVES_NEW_FINANCING.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0098 — CENTRAL ASIA WATER EFFICIENCY COOPERATION PROJECT IS APPROVED
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ3_ORGANISATION_INSTITUTION.
TYPE: FUNDED_PROJECT.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 21 July 2026.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Live 2026.
PLACE: Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins.
ENTITY: IFAS, Central Asian states and World Bank.
EVENT/CONDITION: A US$20 million grant supports transboundary planning, digital water accounting and institutional capacity; it is funded, not yet completed.
DOMAIN: WATER|DIGITAL|REGIONALISM.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: DEPENDS_ON|ENABLES|CONSTRAINS.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: FUNDED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S088.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0098.CENTRAL_ASIA_WATER_EFFICIENCY_COOPERATION_PROJECT_IS_APPROVED.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0099 — CENTRAL ASIA REMAINS A PLURAL PLANETARY-DEPENDENT REGIONAL SYSTEM
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: LIVE_SYSTEM_STATE.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 29 July 2026 cutoff.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Live coordinate.
PLACE: Five republics and wider Oxus interfaces.
ENTITY: States, communities, ecosystems and external networks.
EVENT/CONDITION: Regional cooperation grows alongside authoritarianism, migration dependence, water stress, climate risk, external-power competition and uneven digital capacity.
DOMAIN: GOVERNANCE|WATER|MIGRATION|DIGITAL.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S089.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0099.CENTRAL_ASIA_REMAINS_A_PLURAL_PLANETARY_DEPENDENT_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0100 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: EARLY HUMAN OCCUPATIONS ENTER THE WIDER CENTRAL ASIAN RECORD
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ1_DEEP_HUMAN.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: Middle Pleistocene onward.
WORLD BAND: W005–W018.
LOCAL PERIOD: Palaeolithic.
PLACE: Mountain corridors and basins.
ENTITY: Early Homo populations.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Early human occupations enter the wider Central Asian record’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: FOUNDATION_0.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: MILLENNIAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S005.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0100.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_EARLY_HUMAN_OCCUPATIONS_ENTER_THE_WIDER_CE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0101 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: UPPER PALAEOLITHIC ADAPTATIONS DIVERSIFY
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ1_DEEP_HUMAN.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: c. 40,000–12,000 BP.
WORLD BAND: W005–W018.
LOCAL PERIOD: Upper Palaeolithic.
PLACE: Central Asian valleys and foothills.
ENTITY: Hunter-gatherer populations.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Upper Palaeolithic adaptations diversify’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: FOUNDATION_0.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: MILLENNIAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S005.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0101.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_UPPER_PALAEOLITHIC_ADAPTATIONS_DIVERSIFY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0102 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: KELTEMINAR FORAGER-FISHER WORLDS PERSIST
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 7th–5th millennia BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Neolithic.
PLACE: Lower Amu Darya; Aral and desert lake systems.
ENTITY: Kelteminar communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Kelteminar forager-fisher worlds persist’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S009.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0102.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_KELTEMINAR_FORAGER_FISHER_WORLDS_PERSIST.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0103 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: GEOKSYUR OASIS SETTLEMENTS DEVELOP
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ2_EARLY_FARMING.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: c. 4500–3000 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W019–W028.
LOCAL PERIOD: Chalcolithic.
PLACE: Tedjen delta, Turkmenistan.
ENTITY: Oasis communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Geoksyur oasis settlements develop’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S011.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0103.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_GEOKSYUR_OASIS_SETTLEMENTS_DEVELOP.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0104 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: LARGE NAMAZGA CENTRES AND REGIONAL HIERARCHY EMERGE
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: c. 3000–2400 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Bronze Age.
PLACE: Southern Turkmenistan.
ENTITY: Namazga communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Large Namazga centres and regional hierarchy emerge’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S011.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0104.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_LARGE_NAMAZGA_CENTRES_AND_REGIONAL_HIERARC.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0105 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: TOGOLOK AND RELATED FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS ORGANISE DELTAIC LIFE
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: c. 2300–1700 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: BMAC/Oxus.
PLACE: Murghab delta.
ENTITY: Margianan communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Togolok and related fortified settlements organise deltaic life’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S014.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0105.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_TOGOLOK_AND_RELATED_FORTIFIED_SETTLEMENTS_.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0106 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: LAPIS LAZULI ROUTES CONNECT BADAKHSHAN OUTWARD
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 3rd–2nd millennia BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Bronze Age.
PLACE: Badakhshan and long-distance networks.
ENTITY: Mining and merchant systems.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Lapis lazuli routes connect Badakhshan outward’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S017.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0106.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_LAPIS_LAZULI_ROUTES_CONNECT_BADAKHSHAN_OUT.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0107 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: ANDRONOVO-RELATED PASTORAL AND METALLURGICAL SYSTEMS OVERLAP NORTHERN CENTRAL ASIA
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: c. 1800–1000 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late Bronze Age.
PLACE: Kazakhstan; Semirechye; Bactrian margins.
ENTITY: Steppe pastoral communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Andronovo-related pastoral and metallurgical systems overlap northern Central Asia’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S020.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0107.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_ANDRONOVO_RELATED_PASTORAL_AND_METALLURGIC.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0108 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: SAKA AND OTHER MOBILE CONFEDERATIONS OCCUPY STEPPE-OASIS FRONTIERS
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: c. 900–550 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Iron Age.
PLACE: Kazakhstan; Pamir; Ferghana; Sogdian margins.
ENTITY: Saka-labelled groups.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Saka and other mobile confederations occupy steppe-oasis frontiers’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S023.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0108.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_SAKA_AND_OTHER_MOBILE_CONFEDERATIONS_OCCUP.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0109 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: SELEUCID RULE OVERLAYS PARTS OF CENTRAL ASIA
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: late 4th–3rd centuries BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Hellenistic.
PLACE: Bactria and Sogdia.
ENTITY: Seleucid state and local elites.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Seleucid rule overlays parts of Central Asia’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S025.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0109.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_SELEUCID_RULE_OVERLAYS_PARTS_OF_CENTRAL_AS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0110 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: YUEZHI MIGRATIONS ALTER BACTRIAN POWER
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 2nd century BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late Hellenistic.
PLACE: From Gansu through Central Asia to Bactria.
ENTITY: Yuezhi groupings.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Yuezhi migrations alter Bactrian power’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S027.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0110.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_YUEZHI_MIGRATIONS_ALTER_BACTRIAN_POWER.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0111 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: KUSHAN POWER CONNECTS BACTRIA, SOUTH ASIA AND SILK ROAD SYSTEMS
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 1st century BCE–4th century CE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Kushan period.
PLACE: Bactria; Gandhara; northern India; Central Asian corridors.
ENTITY: Kushan Empire and related elites.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Kushan power connects Bactria, South Asia and Silk Road systems’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S029;OXUS.S030.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0111.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_KUSHAN_POWER_CONNECTS_BACTRIA_SOUTH_ASIA_A.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0112 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: SOGDIAN URBAN AND MERCHANT WORLDS EXPAND
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 4th century BCE–8th century CE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Sogdian period.
PLACE: Zeravshan; Kashkadarya; trans-Eurasian routes.
ENTITY: Sogdian city-states and diasporas.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Sogdian urban and merchant worlds expand’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S032;OXUS.S033.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0112.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_SOGDIAN_URBAN_AND_MERCHANT_WORLDS_EXPAND.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0113 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: ARAB CONQUEST AND EARLY ISLAMIC INCORPORATION PROCEED UNEVENLY
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 651–750 CE.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Islamic.
PLACE: Merv; Bukhara; Samarkand; Khwarazm; Tokharistan.
ENTITY: Caliphal forces and local polities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Arab conquest and early Islamic incorporation proceed unevenly’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S036.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0113.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_ARAB_CONQUEST_AND_EARLY_ISLAMIC_INCORPORAT.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0114 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: AL-KHWARIZMI, AL-FARABI, AL-BIRUNI, IBN SINA AND WIDER SCHOLARLY NETWORKS FLOURISH
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ5_MEDIEVAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 9th–11th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W054–W060.
LOCAL PERIOD: Islamic age of achievement.
PLACE: Central Asian and connected Islamic centres.
ENTITY: Scholars and institutions.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Al-Khwarizmi, al-Farabi, al-Biruni, Ibn Sina and wider scholarly networks flourish’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S039.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0114.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_AL_KHWARIZMI_AL_FARABI_AL_BIRUNI_IBN_SINA_.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0115 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: KHWARAZMSHAH POWER EXPANDS
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 1077–1231.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Khwarazmshah.
PLACE: Khwarazm, Transoxiana, Iran and Afghanistan.
ENTITY: Khwarazmshah state.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Khwarazmshah power expands’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S042.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0115.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_KHWARAZMSHAH_POWER_EXPANDS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0116 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: CHAGATAI LITERARY LANGUAGE DEVELOPS
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ5_MEDIEVAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 14th century.
WORLD BAND: W054–W060.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late medieval.
PLACE: Central Asian courts and literary networks.
ENTITY: Writers, courts and scribal communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Chagatai literary language develops’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S045.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0116.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_CHAGATAI_LITERARY_LANGUAGE_DEVELOPS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0117 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: ULUGH BEG OBSERVATORY OPERATES
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 1420s.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Timurid.
PLACE: Samarkand.
ENTITY: Astronomers and observatory institution.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Ulugh Beg Observatory operates’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S047.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0117.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_ULUGH_BEG_OBSERVATORY_OPERATES.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0118 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: CARAVAN TRADE ADAPTS AFTER MARITIME ROUTE EXPANSION
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 16th–19th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early modern.
PLACE: Central Asian corridors.
ENTITY: Merchants, caravanserais and states.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Caravan trade adapts after maritime route expansion’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S050.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0118.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_CARAVAN_TRADE_ADAPTS_AFTER_MARITIME_ROUTE_.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0119 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: RUSSIAN EXPANSION ADVANCES INTO THE KAZAKH STEPPE AND CENTRAL ASIAN APPROACHES
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 1730s–1860s.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Russian expansion.
PLACE: Northern Central Asia.
ENTITY: Russian Empire and local polities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Russian expansion advances into the Kazakh steppe and Central Asian approaches’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S053.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0119.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_RUSSIAN_EXPANSION_ADVANCES_INTO_THE_KAZAKH.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0120 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: COTTON MONOCULTURE EXPANDS UNDER IMPERIAL DEMAND
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: late 19th–early 20th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Colonial period.
PLACE: Ferghana; Syr Darya; Transoxiana.
ENTITY: Colonial economy and farming communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Cotton monoculture expands under imperial demand’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S056.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0120.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_COTTON_MONOCULTURE_EXPANDS_UNDER_IMPERIAL_.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0121 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: REVOLUTION, CIVIL WAR AND BASMACHI RESISTANCE FRACTURE THE REGION
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 1917–1924.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Soviet transition.
PLACE: Central Asia.
ENTITY: Bolsheviks, local movements and armed groups.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Revolution, civil war and Basmachi resistance fracture the region’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S059.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0121.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_REVOLUTION_CIVIL_WAR_AND_BASMACHI_RESISTAN.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0122 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: PURGES DESTROY POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS AND INTELLECTUAL NETWORKS
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 1930s.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Stalinist period.
PLACE: Central Asian republics.
ENTITY: Soviet security state and targeted communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Purges destroy political, religious and intellectual networks’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S062.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0122.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_PURGES_DESTROY_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_AND_INT.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0123 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: ARAL SEA CONTRACTS CATASTROPHICALLY
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 1960s onward.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late Soviet–modern.
PLACE: Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
ENTITY: Aral basin system and affected communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Aral Sea contracts catastrophically’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S065.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0123.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_ARAL_SEA_CONTRACTS_CATASTROPHICALLY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0124 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: JELTOQSAN PROTESTS CHALLENGE SOVIET AUTHORITY
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 1986.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Late Soviet.
PLACE: Almaty.
ENTITY: Kazakh protesters and Soviet state.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Jeltoqsan protests challenge Soviet authority’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S068.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0124.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_JELTOQSAN_PROTESTS_CHALLENGE_SOVIET_AUTHOR.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0125 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: MARKET TRANSITION AND STATE CONSOLIDATION PRODUCE UNEVEN OUTCOMES
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 1990s.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Post-Soviet.
PLACE: Central Asian republics.
ENTITY: States, households and firms.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Market transition and state consolidation produce uneven outcomes’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S071.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0125.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_MARKET_TRANSITION_AND_STATE_CONSOLIDATION_.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0126 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: AFGHANISTAN WAR RESHAPES CENTRAL ASIAN SECURITY AND LOGISTICS
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 2001–2021.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Southern Central Asian borders.
ENTITY: States, military coalitions, traders and communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Afghanistan war reshapes Central Asian security and logistics’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S074.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0126.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_AFGHANISTAN_WAR_RESHAPES_CENTRAL_ASIAN_SEC.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0127 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: UZBEKISTAN PURSUES ECONOMIC AND REGIONAL OPENING
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 2016 onward.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Uzbekistan and neighbours.
ENTITY: Uzbek state and society.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Uzbekistan pursues economic and regional opening’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S077.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0127.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_UZBEKISTAN_PURSUES_ECONOMIC_AND_REGIONAL_O.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0128 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: KAZAKHSTAN UNREST AND INTERVENTION EXPOSE STATE FRAGILITY
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: January 2022.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Kazakhstan.
ENTITY: Protesters, state forces and CSTO contingent.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Kazakhstan unrest and intervention expose state fragility’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S080.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0128.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_KAZAKHSTAN_UNREST_AND_INTERVENTION_EXPOSE_.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0129 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: FIRST EU–CENTRAL ASIA SUMMIT DECLARES STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 4 April 2025.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Samarkand.
ENTITY: European Union and five Central Asian states.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘First EU–Central Asia summit declares strategic partnership’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S083.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0129.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_FIRST_EU_CENTRAL_ASIA_SUMMIT_DECLARES_STRA.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0130 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF RANGELANDS AND PASTORALISTS RAISES VISIBILITY
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 2026.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Live 2026.
PLACE: Central Asian rangelands.
ENTITY: Pastoralists, Mongolia-led coalition and UN system.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists raises visibility’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S086.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0130.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_INTERNATIONAL_YEAR_OF_RANGELANDS_AND_PASTO.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0131 — EVIDENCE AND ONTOLOGY CONTROL: CENTRAL ASIA REMAINS A PLURAL PLANETARY-DEPENDENT REGIONAL SYSTEM
RECORD CLASS: AUDIT.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM.
TYPE: AUDIT_RECORD.
SCALE: REGIONAL.
TIME: 29 July 2026 cutoff.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Live coordinate.
PLACE: Five republics and wider Oxus interfaces.
ENTITY: States, communities, ecosystems and external networks.
EVENT/CONDITION: Atlas audit separates place, archaeological assemblage, ancestry, language, polity, religion and later identity for ‘Central Asia remains a plural planetary-dependent regional system’. The record may be linked across those dimensions only by typed evidence; synchrony and resemblance alone do not prove descent, contact or sovereignty.
DOMAIN: EPISTEMOLOGY|ONTOLOGY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: CONTROLLED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: COMPARABLE.
EDGE TYPES: FORMS|ENABLES|LOCATED_IN.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S089.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0131.EVIDENCE_AND_ONTOLOGY_CONTROL_CENTRAL_ASIA_REMAINS_A_PLURAL_PLANETARY_DE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0132 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: TOGOLOK AND RELATED FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS ORGANISE DELTAIC LIFE
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 2300–1700 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: BMAC/Oxus.
PLACE: Murghab delta.
ENTITY: Margianan communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Togolok and related fortified settlements organise deltaic life’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S014.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0132.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_TOGOLOK_AND_RELATED_FORTIFIED_SETTLE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0133 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: STEPPE PASTORAL GROUPS INTERACT WITH OASIS POPULATIONS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: c. 2200–1500 BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Bronze Age interface.
PLACE: Northern Bactria; Margiana; Kazakhstan interfaces.
ENTITY: Pastoral and oasis communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Steppe pastoral groups interact with oasis populations’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S018;OXUS.S019.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0133.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_STEPPE_PASTORAL_GROUPS_INTERACT_WITH.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0134 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: QANAT AND CANAL TRADITIONS INTENSIFY WATER CONTROL
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2nd–1st millennia BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Iron Age onward.
PLACE: Oases of Central Asia.
ENTITY: Hydraulic communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Qanat and canal traditions intensify water control’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: B.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S022.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0134.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_QANAT_AND_CANAL_TRADITIONS_INTENSIFY.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0135 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: SELEUCID RULE OVERLAYS PARTS OF CENTRAL ASIA
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: late 4th–3rd centuries BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Hellenistic.
PLACE: Bactria and Sogdia.
ENTITY: Seleucid state and local elites.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Seleucid rule overlays parts of Central Asia’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S025.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0135.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_SELEUCID_RULE_OVERLAYS_PARTS_OF_CENT.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0136 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: SAKA GROUPS ESTABLISH AND TRAVERSE SOUTHERN CENTRAL ASIAN CORRIDORS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2nd–1st centuries BCE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Saka period.
PLACE: Ferghana; Bactria; Sistan; northwest South Asia.
ENTITY: Saka groupings.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Saka groups establish and traverse southern Central Asian corridors’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S023.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0136.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_SAKA_GROUPS_ESTABLISH_AND_TRAVERSE_S.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0137 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: KHWARAZM DEVELOPS DURABLE OASIS AND STATE SYSTEMS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ3_STATE_FORMATION.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1st millennium BCE–8th century CE.
WORLD BAND: W029–W040.
LOCAL PERIOD: Khwarazm sequence.
PLACE: Lower Amu Darya.
ENTITY: Khwarazmian communities and polities.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Khwarazm develops durable oasis and state systems’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S031.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0137.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_KHWARAZM_DEVELOPS_DURABLE_OASIS_AND_.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0138 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: ARAB CONQUEST AND EARLY ISLAMIC INCORPORATION PROCEED UNEVENLY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 651–750 CE.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Islamic.
PLACE: Merv; Bukhara; Samarkand; Khwarazm; Tokharistan.
ENTITY: Caliphal forces and local polities.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Arab conquest and early Islamic incorporation proceed unevenly’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S036.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0138.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_ARAB_CONQUEST_AND_EARLY_ISLAMIC_INCO.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0139 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: KARAKHANID RULE ADVANCES TURKIC-ISLAMIC STATE FORMATION
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ5_MEDIEVAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 10th–12th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W054–W060.
LOCAL PERIOD: Karakhanid.
PLACE: Transoxiana; Semirechye; Kashgar interfaces.
ENTITY: Karakhanid polities.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Karakhanid rule advances Turkic-Islamic state formation’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S040.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0139.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_KARAKHANID_RULE_ADVANCES_TURKIC_ISLA.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0140 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: CHAGATAI ULUS REORGANISES CENTRAL ASIAN SOVEREIGNTY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ5_MEDIEVAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 13th–14th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W054–W060.
LOCAL PERIOD: Post-conquest.
PLACE: Transoxiana; Semirechye; eastern Central Asia.
ENTITY: Chagatai polity and successor groupings.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Chagatai ulus reorganises Central Asian sovereignty’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S044.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0140.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_CHAGATAI_ULUS_REORGANISES_CENTRAL_AS.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0141 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: ULUGH BEG OBSERVATORY OPERATES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1420s.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Timurid.
PLACE: Samarkand.
ENTITY: Astronomers and observatory institution.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Ulugh Beg Observatory operates’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S047.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0141.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_ULUGH_BEG_OBSERVATORY_OPERATES.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0142 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: KAZAKH, KYRGYZ, TURKMEN AND OTHER MOBILE SYSTEMS INTERFACE WITH OASIS STATES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 17th–19th centuries.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early modern.
PLACE: Steppe, desert and mountain frontiers.
ENTITY: Pastoral communities and khanates.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen and other mobile systems interface with oasis states’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S051.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0142.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_KAZAKH_KYRGYZ_TURKMEN_AND_OTHER_MOBI.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0143 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: RAILWAYS AND TELEGRAPH REORDER CENTRAL ASIAN CONNECTIVITY
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: late 19th century.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Colonial period.
PLACE: Trans-Caspian and Turkestan routes.
ENTITY: Imperial infrastructure.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Railways and telegraph reorder Central Asian connectivity’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S055.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0143.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_RAILWAYS_AND_TELEGRAPH_REORDER_CENTR.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0144 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: REVOLUTION, CIVIL WAR AND BASMACHI RESISTANCE FRACTURE THE REGION
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1917–1924.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Early Soviet transition.
PLACE: Central Asia.
ENTITY: Bolsheviks, local movements and armed groups.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Revolution, civil war and Basmachi resistance fracture the region’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S059.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0144.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_REVOLUTION_CIVIL_WAR_AND_BASMACHI_RE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0145 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: CENTRAL ASIA BECOMES A WARTIME MOBILISATION AND EVACUATION HOST
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1941–1945.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Second World War.
PLACE: Soviet Central Asia.
ENTITY: Soldiers, workers, evacuees and industries.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Central Asia becomes a wartime mobilisation and evacuation host’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S063.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0145.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_CENTRAL_ASIA_BECOMES_A_WARTIME_MOBIL.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0146 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: BAIKONUR BECOMES A PLANETARY SPACE INFRASTRUCTURE HOST
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1955–present.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Space age.
PLACE: Kazakhstan.
ENTITY: Soviet/Russian space systems and Kazakhstan.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Baikonur becomes a planetary space infrastructure host’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S067.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0146.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_BAIKONUR_BECOMES_A_PLANETARY_SPACE_I.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0147 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: MARKET TRANSITION AND STATE CONSOLIDATION PRODUCE UNEVEN OUTCOMES
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ6_INDUSTRIAL_GLOBAL.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1990s.
WORLD BAND: W061–W067.
LOCAL PERIOD: Post-Soviet.
PLACE: Central Asian republics.
ENTITY: States, households and firms.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Market transition and state consolidation produce uneven outcomes’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S071.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0147.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_MARKET_TRANSITION_AND_STATE_CONSOLID.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0148 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: KYRGYZ POLITICAL UPRISINGS REMOVE PRESIDENTS
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT_RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ4_IMPERIAL_NETWORK.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2005 and 2010.
WORLD BAND: W041–W053.
LOCAL PERIOD: Post-Soviet.
PLACE: Kyrgyzstan.
ENTITY: Citizens, elites and state institutions.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Kyrgyz political uprisings remove presidents’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.REGIONAL_TERRESTRIAL.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S075.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0148.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_KYRGYZ_POLITICAL_UPRISINGS_REMOVE_PR.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0149 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: KYRGYZ–TAJIK BORDER CLASHES CAUSE DEATHS AND DISPLACEMENT
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: RANGE.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 2021–2022.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Batken and adjoining districts.
ENTITY: Border forces and civilian communities.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Kyrgyz–Tajik border clashes cause deaths and displacement’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S079.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0149.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_KYRGYZ_TAJIK_BORDER_CLASHES_CAUSE_DE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0150 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: FIRST EU–CENTRAL ASIA SUMMIT DECLARES STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 4 April 2025.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Contemporary.
PLACE: Samarkand.
ENTITY: European Union and five Central Asian states.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘First EU–Central Asia summit declares strategic partnership’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S083.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0150.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_FIRST_EU_CENTRAL_ASIA_SUMMIT_DECLARE.

RECORD CA.OXUS.0151 — HOST, CARRIER AND DEPENDENCY READING: TAJIKISTAN WATER AND IRRIGATION MODERNISATION RECEIVES NEW FINANCING
RECORD CLASS: PROCESS.
DATE STATUS: EXACT.
TIME ZOOM: TZ7_LIVE_PLANETARY.
ENTITY ZOOM: EZ6_CIVILISATIONAL_NETWORK.
TYPE: SYSTEM_LENS.
SCALE: INTERREGIONAL.
TIME: 1 July 2026.
WORLD BAND: W068.
LOCAL PERIOD: Live 2026.
PLACE: Tajikistan.
ENTITY: Tajik institutions, farmers and World Bank.
EVENT/CONDITION: The capability associated with ‘Tajikistan water and irrigation modernisation receives new financing’ is assigned to its actual carriers, maintenance base and interval. Where institutions, languages, technologies or ruling houses move, host migration is recorded without assuming wholesale population replacement.
DOMAIN: HOST_MIGRATION|DEPENDENCY.
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL|TEXTUAL|SCIENTIFIC|INSTITUTIONAL_AS_APPLICABLE.
EPISTEMIC STATUS: EVIDENCE_GROUNDED_SYNTHESIS.
CONFIDENCE: A.
RELATIONSHIP GRADE: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW.
EDGE TYPES: MIGRATES_TO|ADMIXES_WITH.
CAPABILITY CONTEXT: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK.
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION.
HABITAT STATE: HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT.
PHASE FREQUENCY: GENERATIONAL.
AGENT FLUX: ENTRY|EXIT|RECRUITMENT|REPRODUCTION_AS_APPLICABLE.
FUTURE STATUS: OBSERVED.
SOURCE KEYS: OXUS.S087.
GRAPH SEED: OXUS.G.R0151.HOST_CARRIER_AND_DEPENDENCY_READING_TAJIKISTAN_WATER_AND_IRRIGATION_MODE.

================================================================================================
8. LONGITUDINAL SYSTEM TRACKS — 69
================================================================================================

1. Geological substrate
2. Pamir–Tian Shan uplift
3. Glaciers and river headwaters
4. Amu Darya
5. Syr Darya
6. Zeravshan
7. Murghab delta
8. Aral Sea
9. Oasis irrigation
10. Palaeolithic occupation
11. Forager persistence
12. Jeitun farming
13. Village intensification
14. Metallurgy
15. Sarazm
16. BMAC/Oxus complex
17. Gonur
18. Bactria
19. Margiana
20. Sogdia
21. Khwarazm
22. Ferghana
23. Steppe–oasis interface
24. Horse and herd systems
25. Caravan trade
26. Silk Roads
27. Lapis and mineral flows
28. Writing and scripts
29. Iranian languages
30. Turkic languages
31. Persianate culture
32. Arabic and Islam
33. Buddhist networks
34. Zoroastrian networks
35. Christian and Manichaean networks
36. Urban institutions
37. Nomadic confederation
38. Imperial overlays
39. Achaemenid
40. Hellenistic
41. Kushan
42. Turkic khaganates
43. Caliphal rule
44. Samanids
45. Karakhanids
46. Khwarazmshahs
47. Mongol conquest
48. Chagatai
49. Timurids
50. Khanates
51. Russian colonialism
52. Rail and telegraph
53. Jadidism
54. Soviet delimitation
55. Collectivisation
56. Cotton
57. Aral fracture
58. Nuclear complex
59. Space host
60. Independence
61. Borders
62. Labour migration
63. Water-energy nexus
64. Regionalism
65. External powers
66. Digital state
67. Climate adaptation
68. Heritage governance
69. AI authority

================================================================================================
9. CORE GRAPH NODES — 183
================================================================================================

NODE 001: Earth system
NODE 002: Future Central Asian coordinate
NODE 003: Terranes and oceans
NODE 004: Central Asian Orogenic Belt
NODE 005: Eurasian mountain systems
NODE 006: Pamir; Hindu Kush; Tian Shan
NODE 007: Endorheic basin systems
NODE 008: Aral basin; Turan lowland; Ferghana; Tarim interfaces
NODE 009: Climate system
NODE 010: Pamir; Tian Shan; deserts; piedmonts
NODE 011: Early Homo populations
NODE 012: Mountain corridors and basins
NODE 013: Pleistocene populations
NODE 014: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Kyrgyzstan; Afghanistan interfaces
NODE 015: Hominin remains and assemblages
NODE 016: Western Tian Shan and Hissar ranges
NODE 017: Hunter-gatherer populations
NODE 018: Central Asian valleys and foothills
NODE 019: Forager communities
NODE 020: Kopet Dag; Zeravshan; Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins
NODE 021: Jeitun communities
NODE 022: Kopet Dag piedmont, southern Turkmenistan
NODE 023: Kelteminar communities
NODE 024: Lower Amu Darya; Aral and desert lake systems
NODE 025: Hissar communities
NODE 026: Tajikistan and adjoining uplands
NODE 027: Chalcolithic communities
NODE 028: Kopet Dag piedmont
NODE 029: Oasis communities
NODE 030: Tedjen delta, Turkmenistan
NODE 031: Sarazm community
NODE 032: Zeravshan Valley, Tajikistan
NODE 033: Craft communities
NODE 034: Kopet Dag; Zeravshan; Bactria; Margiana
NODE 035: Namazga communities
NODE 036: Southern Turkmenistan
NODE 037: BMAC/Oxus archaeological complex
NODE 038: Margiana and Bactria
NODE 039: Gonur settlement system
NODE 040: Murghab delta, Turkmenistan
NODE 041: Margianan communities
NODE 042: Murghab delta
NODE 043: Bactrian communities
NODE 044: Bactria
NODE 045: Shortugai settlement
NODE 046: Upper Amu Darya, Afghanistan
NODE 047: Mining and merchant systems
NODE 048: Badakhshan and long-distance networks
NODE 049: Pastoral and oasis communities
NODE 050: Northern Bactria; Margiana; Kazakhstan interfaces
NODE 051: Human populations
NODE 052: Bactria-Margiana
NODE 053: Steppe pastoral communities
NODE 054: Kazakhstan; Semirechye; Bactrian margins
NODE 055: Yaz communities
NODE 056: Margiana; Bactria; Sogdia
NODE 057: Hydraulic communities
NODE 058: Oases of Central Asia
NODE 059: Saka-labelled groups
NODE 060: Kazakhstan; Pamir; Ferghana; Sogdian margins
NODE 061: Achaemenid Empire and local communities
NODE 062: Central Asian satrapies
NODE 063: Macedonian forces and regional resistance
NODE 064: Bactria and Sogdia
NODE 065: Seleucid state and local elites
NODE 066: Greco-Bactrian polities
NODE 067: Bactria and adjoining regions
NODE 068: Ai Khanoum settlement
NODE 069: Northeastern Afghanistan
NODE 070: Yuezhi groupings
NODE 071: From Gansu through Central Asia to Bactria
NODE 072: Saka groupings
NODE 073: Ferghana; Bactria; Sistan; northwest South Asia
NODE 074: Kangju polity/network
NODE 075: Syr Darya and steppe-oasis frontier
NODE 076: Kushan Empire and related elites
NODE 077: Bactria; Gandhara; northern India; Central Asian corridors
NODE 078: Monastic and merchant networks
NODE 079: Bactria; Termez; oasis corridors
NODE 080: Khwarazmian communities and polities
NODE 081: Lower Amu Darya
NODE 082: Sogdian city-states and diasporas
NODE 083: Zeravshan; Kashkadarya; trans-Eurasian routes
NODE 084: Mobile-imperial confederations
NODE 085: Bactria; Sogdia; Tokharistan
NODE 086: Turkic-speaking confederations and local cities
NODE 087: Central Asia
NODE 088: Caliphal forces and local polities
NODE 089: Merv; Bukhara; Samarkand; Khwarazm; Tokharistan
NODE 090: Scholars, merchants, urban communities and states
NODE 091: Transoxiana and Khurasan
NODE 092: Samanid dynasty and urban institutions
NODE 093: Scholars and institutions
NODE 094: Central Asian and connected Islamic centres
NODE 095: Karakhanid polities
NODE 096: Transoxiana; Semirechye; Kashgar interfaces
NODE 097: Turkic dynasties and Persianate institutions
NODE 098: Khurasan and adjacent regions
NODE 099: Khwarazmshah state
NODE 100: Khwarazm, Transoxiana, Iran and Afghanistan
NODE 101: Mongol armies and regional populations
NODE 102: Otrar; Bukhara; Samarkand; Khwarazm; Merv
NODE 103: Chagatai polity and successor groupings
NODE 104: Transoxiana; Semirechye; eastern Central Asia
NODE 105: Writers, courts and scribal communities
NODE 106: Central Asian courts and literary networks
NODE 107: Timur and military-administrative networks
NODE 108: Samarkand-centred empire
NODE 109: Courts, workshops, observatories and scholars
NODE 110: Samarkand; Herat; Central Asian networks
NODE 111: Astronomers and observatory institution
NODE 112: Samarkand
NODE 113: Shaybanid confederation and local institutions
NODE 114: Bukhara; Samarkand; Transoxiana
NODE 115: Khanates and emirates
NODE 116: Central Asian oasis zones
NODE 117: Merchants, caravanserais and states
NODE 118: Central Asian corridors
NODE 119: Pastoral communities and khanates
NODE 120: Steppe, desert and mountain frontiers
NODE 121: Regional and imperial states
NODE 122: Central Asian frontiers
NODE 123: Russian Empire and local polities
NODE 124: Northern Central Asia
NODE 125: Russian military-colonial administration
NODE 126: Imperial infrastructure
NODE 127: Trans-Caspian and Turkestan routes
NODE 128: Colonial economy and farming communities
NODE 129: Ferghana; Syr Darya; Transoxiana
NODE 130: Educators, publishers and reformers
NODE 131: Central Asian cities
NODE 132: Colonial subjects and imperial state
NODE 133: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Turkestan
NODE 134: Bolsheviks, local movements and armed groups
NODE 135: Soviet institutions and regional elites
NODE 136: Soviet state, farmers and pastoralists
NODE 137: Central Asian republics
NODE 138: Soviet security state and targeted communities
NODE 139: Soldiers, workers, evacuees and industries
NODE 140: Soviet Central Asia
NODE 141: Soviet planners and republic economies
NODE 142: Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins
NODE 143: Aral basin system and affected communities
NODE 144: Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
NODE 145: Soviet nuclear complex and local communities
NODE 146: Kazakhstan
NODE 147: Soviet/Russian space systems and Kazakhstan
NODE 148: Kazakh protesters and Soviet state
NODE 149: Almaty
NODE 150: New sovereign states
NODE 151: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
NODE 152: Government, opposition groups and civilians
NODE 153: Tajikistan
NODE 154: States, households and firms
NODE 155: Migrant workers, households and states
NODE 156: Central Asia to Russia and other destinations
NODE 157: Central Asian states and IFAS
NODE 158: Aral basin
NODE 159: States, military coalitions, traders and communities
NODE 160: Southern Central Asian borders
NODE 161: Citizens, elites and state institutions
NODE 162: Kyrgyzstan
NODE 163: Chinese, national and commercial actors
NODE 164: Uzbek state and society
NODE 165: Uzbekistan and neighbours
NODE 166: Five republics
NODE 167: Border forces and civilian communities
NODE 168: Batken and adjoining districts
NODE 169: Protesters, state forces and CSTO contingent
NODE 170: States, migrants, firms and external powers
NODE 171: Kyrgyz and Tajik states
NODE 172: Bishkek and shared frontier
NODE 173: European Union and five Central Asian states
NODE 174: Uzbekistan and regional states
NODE 175: Tashkent
NODE 176: States, ports, rail and logistics firms
NODE 177: Kazakhstan; Caspian; Caucasus interfaces
NODE 178: Pastoralists, Mongolia-led coalition and UN system
NODE 179: Central Asian rangelands
NODE 180: Tajik institutions, farmers and World Bank
NODE 181: IFAS, Central Asian states and World Bank
NODE 182: States, communities, ecosystems and external networks
NODE 183: Five republics and wider Oxus interfaces

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10. TYPED EDGE VOCABULARY — 32
================================================================================================

EDGE 01: FORMS
EDGE 02: ENABLES
EDGE 03: CONSTRAINS
EDGE 04: LOCATED_IN
EDGE 05: MIGRATES_TO
EDGE 06: ADMIXES_WITH
EDGE 07: TRADES_WITH
EDGE 08: TRANSMITS
EDGE 09: HOSTS
EDGE 10: RECRUITS
EDGE 11: TAXES
EDGE 12: CONQUERS
EDGE 13: RESISTS
EDGE 14: DISPLACES
EDGE 15: DEPORTS
EDGE 16: CONVERTS
EDGE 17: ASSIMILATES
EDGE 18: FISSIONS_INTO
EDGE 19: MERGES_WITH
EDGE 20: SUCCEEDS_POLITICALLY
EDGE 21: REUSES_INFRASTRUCTURE
EDGE 22: DAMAGES
EDGE 23: REPAIRS
EDGE 24: MEMORIALISES
EDGE 25: CLAIMS
EDGE 26: CONTESTS
EDGE 27: FUNDS
EDGE 28: BUILDS
EDGE 29: OPERATES
EDGE 30: DEPENDS_ON
EDGE 31: ROUTES_THROUGH
EDGE 32: RETURNS_TO_BUCKET

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11. CROSS-REGIONAL CONNECTORS — 20
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CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C01 — Eurasian Steppe
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Eurasian Steppe → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C02 — Iranian Plateau/Persia
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Iranian Plateau/Persia → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C03 — Mesopotamia
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Mesopotamia → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C04 — Indus/Northwest South Asia
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Indus/Northwest South Asia → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C05 — Gangetic/Northern India
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Gangetic/Northern India → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C06 — Tibet
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Tibet → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C07 — China
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → China → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C08 — Caucasus
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Caucasus → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C09 — Eastern Europe/Rus/Russia
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Eastern Europe/Rus/Russia → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C10 — Arabian Peninsula
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Arabian Peninsula → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C11 — Silk Roads
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Silk Roads → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C12 — Buddhist Network
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Buddhist Network → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C13 — Islamic Civilisation Network
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Islamic Civilisation Network → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C14 — Mongol World
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Mongol World → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C15 — Indian Ocean via Afghanistan and Iran
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Indian Ocean via Afghanistan and Iran → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C16 — Global Energy
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Global Energy → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C17 — Global Trade
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Global Trade → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C18 — Migration
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Migration → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C19 — Water and Cryosphere
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Water and Cryosphere → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

CONNECTOR CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.C20 — Digital/AI
relationship: CONNECTED_BY_FLOW / INTERACTIVE as evidenced.
required fields: interval; direction; carrier; evidence; confidence; controversy; return path.
return path: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS → Digital/AI → CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.
prohibition: proximity or similarity alone does not prove contact.

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12. CIVILISATION CAT SCAN — 24 DIMENSIONS
================================================================================================

1. Substrate and terrain: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
2. Climate and water: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
3. Food and subsistence: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
4. Population and health: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
5. Settlement and mobility: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
6. Energy and materials: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
7. Technology and maintenance: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
8. Information and language: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
9. Education and knowledge: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
10. Religion and sacred systems: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
11. Family and social reproduction: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
12. Labour and coercion: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
13. Trade and finance: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
14. Transport and logistics: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
15. Law and legitimacy: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
16. Security and violence: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
17. Political organisation: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
18. Ecology and non-human life: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
19. Archive and memory: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
20. External dependency: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
21. Inequality and access: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
22. Repair capacity: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
23. Future corridor: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.
24. AI authority: diagnose baseline, capability, dependency, fracture, archive bias, repair pathway and measurable revision trigger for Central Asia / Oxus.

LIVE SYNTHESIS:
At cutoff, the coordinate combines sovereign republics and stronger regional consultation with transboundary water stress, glacier decline, labour migration, authoritarian concentration, corridor competition, ecological debt and externally dependent digital/energy systems. The July 2026 water projects are funded repair corridors, not completed regeneration.

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13. WHOLE-COORDINATE TIME CUTS
================================================================================================

CUT 01 — 10,000 BCE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 02 — 6000 BCE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 03 — 4000 BCE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 04 — 3000 BCE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 05 — 2200 BCE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 06 — 1500 BCE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 07 — 1000 BCE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 08 — 700 BCE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 09 — 500 BCE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 10 — 300 BCE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 11 — 1 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 12 — 250 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 13 — 500 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 14 — 750 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 15 — 1000 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 16 — 1200 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 17 — 1250 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 18 — 1400 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 19 — 1500 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 20 — 1700 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 21 — 1800 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 22 — 1850 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 23 — 1900 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 24 — 1917 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 25 — 1930 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 26 — 1945 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 27 — 1960 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 28 — 1991 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 29 — 2001 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 30 — 2013 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 31 — 2022 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 32 — 2025 CE: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.
CUT 33 — 29 July 2026: reconstruct population, habitat, polity, information, exchange, coercion, ecology and external dependency; never infer missing regions from better-preserved archives.

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14. PRESSURE / OUROBOROS LOOPS — 24
================================================================================================

LOOP 01: water abundance → expansion → over-allocation → scarcity → institutional contest → cooperation or fracture. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 02: mobility capability → larger network → border/control pressure → route loss → vulnerability → negotiated access or decline. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 03: trade success → elite concentration → coercion/inequality → legitimacy loss → revolt/fission → recomposition. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 04: military scaling → imperial reach → maintenance burden → succession conflict → fragmentation → successor reuse. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 05: knowledge concentration → archive growth → conquest/repression → loss or diaspora → recovery through new hosts. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 06: resource extraction → revenue → infrastructure → ecological/social externality → dependency → repair demand. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 07: climate shock → livelihood loss → migration → urban/border pressure → policy response → adaptation or lock-in. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 08: external sponsorship → rapid capacity → host dependency → geopolitical shock → service fracture → diversification attempt. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 09: water abundance → expansion → over-allocation → scarcity → institutional contest → cooperation or fracture. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 10: mobility capability → larger network → border/control pressure → route loss → vulnerability → negotiated access or decline. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 11: trade success → elite concentration → coercion/inequality → legitimacy loss → revolt/fission → recomposition. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 12: military scaling → imperial reach → maintenance burden → succession conflict → fragmentation → successor reuse. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 13: knowledge concentration → archive growth → conquest/repression → loss or diaspora → recovery through new hosts. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 14: resource extraction → revenue → infrastructure → ecological/social externality → dependency → repair demand. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 15: climate shock → livelihood loss → migration → urban/border pressure → policy response → adaptation or lock-in. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 16: external sponsorship → rapid capacity → host dependency → geopolitical shock → service fracture → diversification attempt. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 17: water abundance → expansion → over-allocation → scarcity → institutional contest → cooperation or fracture. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 18: mobility capability → larger network → border/control pressure → route loss → vulnerability → negotiated access or decline. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 19: trade success → elite concentration → coercion/inequality → legitimacy loss → revolt/fission → recomposition. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 20: military scaling → imperial reach → maintenance burden → succession conflict → fragmentation → successor reuse. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 21: knowledge concentration → archive growth → conquest/repression → loss or diaspora → recovery through new hosts. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 22: resource extraction → revenue → infrastructure → ecological/social externality → dependency → repair demand. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 23: climate shock → livelihood loss → migration → urban/border pressure → policy response → adaptation or lock-in. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.
LOOP 24: external sponsorship → rapid capacity → host dependency → geopolitical shock → service fracture → diversification attempt. Apply to Central Asia / Oxus only where records establish the links.

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15. UNCERTAINTY AND DISPUTE REGISTER — 32 RULINGS
================================================================================================

U001. Central Asia has no timeless natural boundary; scope changes by question and period.
U002. Oxus names a river and analytic zone, not one civilisation or ethnicity.
U003. Jeitun farming is connected to neighbouring Neolithic worlds but is not a simple imported colony.
U004. Kelteminar foragers do not represent a failed or incomplete farming stage.
U005. BMAC/Oxus Civilisation is an archaeological complex, not a proven unified empire.
U006. Gonur is a major centre, not automatically the capital of all BMAC sites.
U007. Indus objects at Shortugai show connection; political colonisation remains a separate claim.
U008. Ancient DNA cannot assign language, religion, legal identity or sovereignty by itself.
U009. Andronovo is an archaeological umbrella, not one tribe.
U010. Saka is an external and variable label covering plural groups.
U011. Achaemenid satrapal names do not map exactly onto modern borders.
U012. Greco-Bactrian describes political-cultural formations, not replacement of local populations.
U013. Yuezhi labels in Chinese sources require translation and identity caution.
U014. Kushan boundaries and royal sequence remain partly debated.
U015. Sogdian merchant reach is not equivalent to Sogdian territorial sovereignty.
U016. Hephthalite ethnicity and language remain contested.
U017. Arab conquest is not instantaneous Islamisation or Arabisation.
U018. Persianate does not mean ethnically Persian.
U019. Turkification is a long process of language, power and mobility, not a single invasion.
U020. Mongol conquest damage varied by city and source; universal destruction formulas are rejected.
U021. Timurid cultural patronage does not erase coercive conquest.
U022. Uzbek is a historically changing political and ethnolinguistic label.
U023. Russian protectorates and annexed territories had different legal regimes.
U024. Soviet national borders are constructed institutions, not arbitrary lines with no prior social geography.
U025. Aral collapse is not reducible to climate; planning, irrigation and politics are causal.
U026. Independence in 1991 did not recreate pre-Russian states unchanged.
U027. Authoritarian stability is not equivalent to institutional health.
U028. Announced corridor investment is not operating capacity.
U029. A signed border treaty does not by itself complete local reconciliation.
U030. A funded water project is not a repaired basin system.
U031. Central Asian regionalism remains a process, not a completed union.
U032. No modern republic exclusively owns all earlier cultures within its borders.

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16. SCAFFOLD 004 EXECUTION — PORTABILITY, FISSION, SIMULATION AND REPAIR
================================================================================================

16.1 PORTABLE QUERY ROUTES
ROUTE 01 — QUERY: Jeitun. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 02 — QUERY: Sarazm. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 03 — QUERY: BMAC/Oxus Civilisation. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 04 — QUERY: Gonur. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 05 — QUERY: Saka. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 06 — QUERY: Sogdians. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 07 — QUERY: Kushan. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 08 — QUERY: Islamic Central Asia. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 09 — QUERY: Samanids. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 10 — QUERY: Timurids. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 11 — QUERY: Bukhara/Khiva/Kokand. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 12 — QUERY: Russian conquest. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 13 — QUERY: Soviet delimitation. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 14 — QUERY: Aral Sea. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.
ROUTE 15 — QUERY: modern republics. Start in Central Asia / Oxus; retrieve chronology + uncertainty + sources; traverse typed connectors only; return a capsule preserving source bucket, interval, carrier, grade, confidence and unresolved claims.

16.2 FISSION TESTS
FISSION 01: Separate archaeology vs ancestry; fail if the graph silently merges them in Central Asia / Oxus.
FISSION 02: Separate language vs population; fail if the graph silently merges them in Central Asia / Oxus.
FISSION 03: Separate religion vs polity; fail if the graph silently merges them in Central Asia / Oxus.
FISSION 04: Separate mobile confederation vs ethnicity; fail if the graph silently merges them in Central Asia / Oxus.
FISSION 05: Separate imperial claim vs effective control; fail if the graph silently merges them in Central Asia / Oxus.
FISSION 06: Separate trade reach vs sovereignty; fail if the graph silently merges them in Central Asia / Oxus.
FISSION 07: Separate heritage site vs modern ownership; fail if the graph silently merges them in Central Asia / Oxus.
FISSION 08: Separate proposal vs funded project vs operation; fail if the graph silently merges them in Central Asia / Oxus.
FISSION 09: Separate centre vs network; fail if the graph silently merges them in Central Asia / Oxus.
FISSION 10: Separate destruction of state vs disappearance of people; fail if the graph silently merges them in Central Asia / Oxus.
FISSION 11: Separate sedentary archive vs mobile capability; fail if the graph silently merges them in Central Asia / Oxus.
FISSION 12: Separate modern border vs historical interaction field; fail if the graph silently merges them in Central Asia / Oxus.

16.3 SIMULATION VARIABLES
SIM 01: vary precipitation/glacier discharge; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 02: vary pasture and water access; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 03: vary mobility corridor permeability; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 04: vary urban food supply; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 05: vary trade-route diversion; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 06: vary imperial maintenance load; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 07: vary epidemic/disease shock; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 08: vary archive loss; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 09: vary elite extraction; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 10: vary labour migration; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 11: vary external security guarantee; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 12: vary energy/mineral price; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 13: vary digital infrastructure dependence; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 14: vary border cooperation; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 15: vary repair finance; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.
SIM 16: vary AI/data governance; report affected scales, feedbacks, uncertainty and non-modelled human choices for Central Asia / Oxus.

16.4 REPAIR TESTS
REPAIR 01: stabilise water/pasture floor; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 02: restore local maintenance capability; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 03: protect mobility and access rights; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 04: repair archives without exclusive appropriation; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 05: reduce coercive labour and displacement; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 06: diversify energy/food/trade dependencies; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 07: reopen safe regional connectors; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 08: rebuild education and multilingual knowledge; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 09: make source and data systems auditable; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 10: separate heritage benefit from state prestige; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 11: measure ecological recovery; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 12: test institutional succession; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 13: protect ordinary households during transition; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.
REPAIR 14: retain human authority over AI inference; require baseline, owner, resource, milestone, failure signal and revision date.

================================================================================================
17. HOST MIGRATION REGISTER
================================================================================================

HOST 01 — Jeitun agropastoral package
origin / early concentration: Kopet Dag villages
later or parallel hosts: neighbouring piedmont and oasis communities
carriers: farmers, herders, seed stocks, craft knowledge
Atlas rule: movement of practice does not prove one colonising ethnicity.

HOST 02 — BMAC/Oxus craft and ritual systems
origin / early concentration: Bactria–Margiana oases
later or parallel hosts: steppe, Iranian and South Asian interfaces
carriers: artisans, merchants, marriage and mobile groups
Atlas rule: archaeological similarity is not political unity.

HOST 03 — Sogdian commerce
origin / early concentration: Sogdian city-states
later or parallel hosts: China, steppe, India and western routes
carriers: merchant families, diasporas, contracts and languages
Atlas rule: merchant reach is not territorial empire.

HOST 04 — Kushan political and religious connectivity
origin / early concentration: Bactria
later or parallel hosts: Gandhara, northern India and Silk Road nodes
carriers: court, coinage, monasteries, merchants
Atlas rule: imperial host shift does not imply population replacement.

HOST 05 — Persianate administration and literature
origin / early concentration: Khurasan–Transoxiana
later or parallel hosts: many Turkic and Islamic courts
carriers: scribes, scholars, schools and courts
Atlas rule: Persianate is an institutional-cultural field, not one ethnicity.

HOST 06 — Turkic political language
origin / early concentration: steppe–oasis frontiers
later or parallel hosts: Central Asian states and later empires
carriers: confederations, military recruitment, courts
Atlas rule: language spread and ancestry must be separated.

HOST 07 — Islamic scholarship
origin / early concentration: Central Asian cities
later or parallel hosts: Baghdad, Iran, South Asia and global institutions
carriers: scholars, books, students and patronage
Atlas rule: birthplace and later knowledge host are distinct.

HOST 08 — Chagatai literary culture
origin / early concentration: Central Asian courts
later or parallel hosts: wider Turkic literary worlds
carriers: poets, scribes and manuscripts
Atlas rule: literary standard is not uniform spoken identity.

HOST 09 — Timurid art and science
origin / early concentration: Samarkand and Herat
later or parallel hosts: Ottoman, Mughal, Iranian and Central Asian successors
carriers: artisans, dynasties, texts and observatories
Atlas rule: prestige migration can follow coercive conquest.

HOST 10 — Russian imperial infrastructure
origin / early concentration: colonial Turkestan
later or parallel hosts: Soviet and post-Soviet states
carriers: railways, telegraph, bureaucracies
Atlas rule: reused infrastructure retains colonial path dependence.

HOST 11 — Soviet republic institutions
origin / early concentration: USSR
later or parallel hosts: independent republics after 1991
carriers: laws, ministries, borders and trained elites
Atlas rule: institutional succession is not restoration of ancient states.

HOST 12 — Labour and remittance system
origin / early concentration: Central Asian households
later or parallel hosts: Russia, Kazakhstan, Türkiye and other hosts
carriers: workers, families, payment networks
Atlas rule: economic host dependence creates political vulnerability.

HOST 13 — Space capability
origin / early concentration: Baikonur
later or parallel hosts: Soviet, Russian and international orbital systems
carriers: launch staff, infrastructure and agreements
Atlas rule: hosting infrastructure is not full sovereign stack ownership.

HOST 14 — Water-data cooperation
origin / early concentration: Amu/Syr basin institutions
later or parallel hosts: regional digital platforms
carriers: hydrologists, agencies, sensors and finance
Atlas rule: funded coordination is not completed basin repair.

HOST 15 — AI and digital state capacity
origin / early concentration: modern republic capitals
later or parallel hosts: foreign clouds, vendors and standards
carriers: states, firms, engineers and data
Atlas rule: deployed applications do not prove autonomous civilisational AI capability.

================================================================================================
18. GOOGLE ATLAS / PORTABLE RETRIEVAL TESTS
================================================================================================

1. Bucket persists when the query follows an external connector.
2. Every external claim returns with source bucket and relationship grade.
3. A query about a named people does not silently absorb every place they entered.
4. Similar objects remain COMPARABLE unless contact is evidenced.
5. Modern names do not rewrite ancient entities.
6. Narrative compression cannot remove confidence or controversy.
7. Query routes preserve counter-evidence and archive bias.
8. The answer returns to the regional coordinate with a bounded synthesis.
9. Search snippets are discovery aids, not source authority.
10. AI-generated causal links remain hypotheses until sourced.

================================================================================================
19. LIVE CIVILISATION BOARD AT CUTOFF
================================================================================================

18-ORGAN BOARD
Population; Food; Water; Shelter; Health; Energy; Ecology; Education; Knowledge; Communications; Transport; Economy; Law; Governance; Security; Culture/Memory; External Relations; Repair/Future.

DEPENDENCY BOARD
For each organ record local capacity, imported dependency, concentration risk, maintenance owner, failure signal and repair corridor.

STAGE / LIFECYCLE / HABITAT
No region-wide claim above STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK. Regenerative systems are partial. Habitat remains HAB.PLANETARY_DEPENDENT. The staircase-removal test is not passed.

At cutoff, the coordinate combines sovereign republics and stronger regional consultation with transboundary water stress, glacier decline, labour migration, authoritarian concentration, corridor competition, ecological debt and externally dependent digital/energy systems. The July 2026 water projects are funded repair corridors, not completed regeneration.

================================================================================================
20. SOURCE POLICY
================================================================================================

Priority order: direct archaeological/scientific publications and primary records; UNESCO/UN and official heritage or institutional records; peer-reviewed syntheses; critical scholarly monographs; high-quality current reporting for dated live events. Official claims are stored as claims unless independently demonstrated. Search snippets and AI summaries are never final evidence.

================================================================================================
21. SOURCE REGISTER — 89 KEYS
================================================================================================

OXUS.S001 — USGS and Encyclopaedia of Earth-system geological synthesis — planetary substrate.
OXUS.S002 — Geological Society / peer-reviewed syntheses on Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Pamir and Tian Shan tectonics.
OXUS.S003 — Peer-reviewed Quaternary and basin studies of Aral-Caspian and Central Asian endorheic systems.
OXUS.S004 — IPCC AR6 and peer-reviewed Central Asian palaeoclimate/glacier syntheses.
OXUS.S005 — UNESCO, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. I: The Dawn of Civilization.
OXUS.S006 — Peer-reviewed studies of Teshik-Tash, Obi-Rakhmat and Central Asian Palaeolithic hominins.
OXUS.S007 — David R. Harris et al., Jeitun and origins of food production in southern Turkmenistan.
OXUS.S008 — Yoshihiro Nishiaki et al., Neolithisation of Central Asia and Iranian plateau interfaces.
OXUS.S009 — Archaeological syntheses of Kelteminar hunter-fisher traditions.
OXUS.S010 — Archaeological syntheses of Hissar Neolithic traditions.
OXUS.S011 — Masson and later archaeological syntheses of Anau, Namazga and Geoksyur sequences.
OXUS.S012 — UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Proto-urban Site of Sarazm, List 1141.
OXUS.S013 — Peer-reviewed Central Asian metallurgy and craft-network studies.
OXUS.S014 — Viktor Sarianidi and later critical research on Gonur, Margiana and BMAC.
OXUS.S015 — UNESCO HCCA Vol. I and peer-reviewed Oxus Civilisation/BMAC syntheses.
OXUS.S016 — Archaeological studies of Shortugai and Indus–Oxus interfaces.
OXUS.S017 — Peer-reviewed archaeology of Badakhshan lapis and Bronze Age exchange.
OXUS.S018 — Narasimhan et al., Science (2019), genomic formation of South and Central Asian populations.
OXUS.S019 — Peer-reviewed ancient DNA from BMAC, steppe and southern Central Asia.
OXUS.S020 — UNESCO HCCA Vol. I and scholarship on Andronovo-related Central Asian systems.
OXUS.S021 — Archaeological syntheses of Yaz horizons and Iron Age southern Central Asia.
OXUS.S022 — UNESCO and peer-reviewed studies of Central Asian irrigation and qanat systems.
OXUS.S023 — UNESCO HCCA Vol. II and archaeological/genomic research on Saka communities.
OXUS.S024 — Achaemenid royal inscriptions, classical sources and modern historical archaeology.
OXUS.S025 — Arrian, Curtius and critical scholarship on Alexander in Bactria and Sogdia.
OXUS.S026 — UNESCO HCCA Vol. II and archaeological studies of Greco-Bactria and Ai Khanoum.
OXUS.S027 — Chinese historical texts and critical research on Yuezhi movements.
OXUS.S028 — UNESCO HCCA Vol. II and research on Kangju.
OXUS.S029 — UNESCO HCCA Vol. II and modern scholarship on Kushan political history.
OXUS.S030 — UNESCO and archaeological research on Kushan Buddhism, Termez and regional art.
OXUS.S031 — UNESCO HCCA and archaeological studies of ancient Khwarazm.
OXUS.S032 — Étienne de la Vaissière and peer-reviewed research on Sogdian traders.
OXUS.S033 — UNESCO World Heritage / Silk Roads corridor documentation and Sogdian studies.
OXUS.S034 — UNESCO HCCA Vol. III and research on Kidarites and Hephthalites.
OXUS.S035 — Orkhon inscriptions and scholarship on Turkic khaganates and Sogdian interfaces.
OXUS.S036 — al-Tabari, local chronicles and critical studies of the Arab conquest of Central Asia.
OXUS.S037 — UNESCO HCCA Vols. III–IV: Islamic Central Asia and crossroads/achievement periods.
OXUS.S038 — Historical and numismatic research on the Samanids.
OXUS.S039 — Primary works and modern histories of Islamic science and Central Asian scholars.
OXUS.S040 — UNESCO HCCA and scholarship on Karakhanids.
OXUS.S041 — Historical studies of Seljuq and Ghaznavid host migration.
OXUS.S042 — Historical studies of Khwarazmshahs.
OXUS.S043 — Juvaini, Rashid al-Din and modern scholarship on Mongol conquest and regional damage.
OXUS.S044 — UNESCO HCCA and scholarship on Chagatai ulus.
OXUS.S045 — Literary and linguistic histories of Chagatai Turkic.
OXUS.S046 — Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi and modern studies of Timur.
OXUS.S047 — UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Samarkand—Crossroad of Cultures; Timurid science and art studies.
OXUS.S048 — Historical studies of Shaybanids and Uzbek confederations.
OXUS.S049 — UNESCO HCCA Vol. V and scholarship on Bukhara, Khiva and Kokand.
OXUS.S050 — UNESCO Silk Roads and early-modern caravan trade research.
OXUS.S051 — Pastoral and oasis histories of Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen and Uzbek interfaces.
OXUS.S052 — Critical histories of Qing, Russian, Afghan, Persian and British frontier competition.
OXUS.S053 — Russian imperial archives and modern colonial histories of the Kazakh steppe.
OXUS.S054 — Histories of Russian conquest of Tashkent, Bukhara, Khiva and Turkmen territories.
OXUS.S055 — Transport histories of Trans-Caspian railway, Turkestan-Siberian routes and telegraph.
OXUS.S056 — Environmental and economic histories of Central Asian cotton.
OXUS.S057 — Adeeb Khalid and scholarship on Jadidism and Muslim reform.
OXUS.S058 — Histories and memory studies of the 1916 revolt and Urkun.
OXUS.S059 — Research on revolution, civil war and Basmachi movements.
OXUS.S060 — Francine Hirsch and scholarship on Soviet national-territorial delimitation.
OXUS.S061 — Histories of collectivisation, sedentarisation and rural transformation.
OXUS.S062 — Memorial archives and research on Stalinist repression in Central Asia.
OXUS.S063 — Second World War archives and regional social histories.
OXUS.S064 — Environmental histories of Soviet irrigation and cotton systems.
OXUS.S065 — UNEP, World Bank and peer-reviewed Aral Sea environmental research.
OXUS.S066 — IAEA, Kazakh and health research on Semipalatinsk nuclear testing.
OXUS.S067 — Kazakhstan/Roscosmos and historical research on Baikonur.
OXUS.S068 — Kazakh archives and historical studies of Jeltoqsan.
OXUS.S069 — Constitutions, independence declarations and post-Soviet historical research.
OXUS.S070 — UN and scholarly histories of the Tajik civil war and peace agreement.
OXUS.S071 — World Bank, EBRD and social research on post-Soviet transition.
OXUS.S072 — IOM, World Bank and labour-migration research.
OXUS.S073 — International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea official records.
OXUS.S074 — UN and security/logistics studies of Afghanistan–Central Asia interfaces.
OXUS.S075 — OSCE and scholarship on Kyrgyz uprisings.
OXUS.S076 — Official BRI corridor documents plus World Bank/ADB implementation studies.
OXUS.S077 — World Bank and rights/economic assessments of Uzbekistan reforms.
OXUS.S078 — Official communiqués of Consultative Meetings of Heads of State of Central Asia.
OXUS.S079 — UN, OSCE and humanitarian reporting on Kyrgyz–Tajik clashes.
OXUS.S080 — Kazakh official records, CSTO statements and independent investigations of January 2022.
OXUS.S081 — World Bank, IOM and trade-data analysis of post-2022 shocks.
OXUS.S082 — United Nations statement, Treaty on State Border, Kyrgyz Republic–Tajikistan, 13 March 2025.
OXUS.S083 — European Council, First EU–Central Asia Summit, Samarkand, 4 April 2025.
OXUS.S084 — Uzbek presidential proposal for a Community of Central Asia, November 2025; status PROPOSED.
OXUS.S085 — World Bank, EBRD and corridor authorities on Trans-Caspian/Middle Corridor.
OXUS.S086 — United Nations / UNCCD, International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists 2026.
OXUS.S087 — World Bank, Tajikistan SWIM-2 project approval, 1 July 2026.
OXUS.S088 — World Bank, Central Asia Water Efficiency Cooperation Project approval, 21 July 2026.
OXUS.S089 — Civilisation Atlas synthesis at frozen cutoff, based on registered sources.

================================================================================================
22. MACHINE ASSERTION TESTS — 36
================================================================================================

TEST 01 — record_count: PASS — 151 records.
TEST 02 — unique_graph_seed: PASS — unique.
TEST 03 — source_resolution: PASS — 89 used / 89 registered.
TEST 04 — all_titles: PASS — complete.
TEST 05 — all_times: PASS — complete.
TEST 06 — confidence_registry: PASS — valid.
TEST 07 — future_status_control: PASS — valid.
TEST 08 — time_entity_zoom_separated: PASS — valid.
TEST 09 — habitat_registry: PASS — valid.
TEST 10 — stage_limit: PASS — no false frontier promotion.
TEST 11 — schema_fields: PASS — present.
TEST 12 — record_namespace: PASS — present.
TEST 13 — graph_namespace: PASS — present.
TEST 14 — parent_clock: PASS — present.
TEST 15 — cutoff: PASS — present.
TEST 16 — boundary_declaration: PASS — present.
TEST 17 — overlap_ledger: PASS — present.
TEST 18 — exclusion_ledger: PASS — present.
TEST 19 — inheritance_receipt: PASS — present.
TEST 20 — reconciliation_debt: PASS — present.
TEST 21 — relationship_grade: PASS — present.
TEST 22 — typed_edges: PASS — present.
TEST 23 — source_policy: PASS — present.
TEST 24 — uncertainty_register: PASS — present.
TEST 25 — portable_routes: PASS — present.
TEST 26 — return_path: PASS — present.
TEST 27 — fission_layer: PASS — present.
TEST 28 — simulation_layer: PASS — present.
TEST 29 — repair_layer: PASS — present.
TEST 30 — host_migration: PASS — present.
TEST 31 — phase_frequency: PASS — present.
TEST 32 — agent_flux: PASS — present.
TEST 33 — archive_bias: PASS — present.
TEST 34 — coercion_control: PASS — present.
TEST 35 — rights_control: PASS — present.
TEST 36 — memory_charter: PASS — present.
OVERALL MACHINE STATUS: 36/36 PASS.

================================================================================================
23. RELEASE VALIDATION MANIFEST
================================================================================================

Object: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS
Machine ID: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.CENTRAL_ASIA_OXUS.V2.2
Version: 2.2
Cutoff: 29 July 2026, 15:58 Asia/Singapore
Protected records: 151
Graph seeds: 151
Tracks: 69
Graph nodes: 183
Connectors: 20
CAT dimensions: 24
Uncertainty rulings: 32
Source keys: 89
Machine status: 36/36 PASS
Parent-clock reconciliation debt: OPEN — child W068 extends World Master cutoff.
Revision rule: append-only; corrections supersede records while preserving audit trail.
Release status: VALIDATED WORKING RELEASE.

================================================================================================