Canonical title:
Civilisation Atlas Chronology | Tibet / Tibetan Plateau | Deep Substrate–2026

SPECIFICATION: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.SPEC.V1.0
REGIONAL_RUNTIME: CIVATLAS.REGIONAL.RUNTIME.V3.2
ROOT_INTEGRITY_PATCH: CIVATLAS.REALITY_CONTINUUM.RUNTIME.V3.3
SPECIFICATION_STATUS: CANONICAL_WORKING_STANDARD
RELEASE_STATUS: FROZEN_VALIDATED
PARENT_CLOCK: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.WORLD.MASTER.V1.1
COVERAGE_OBJECT: 26 OF 60
CANONICAL_OBJECT_ID: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.TIBET_TIBETAN_PLATEAU
MACHINE_ID: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.TIBET_TIBETAN_PLATEAU.RUNTIME.V3.2
RECORD_NAMESPACE: TBT
SOURCE_NAMESPACE: TBT.S
GRAPH_NAMESPACE: TBT.G
CONNECTOR_NAMESPACE: TBT.C
TRACK_NAMESPACE: TBT.T
UNCERTAINTY_NAMESPACE: TBT.U
INVARIANT_NAMESPACE: TBT.I
VERSION: 3.2
CUT_OFF_DATE: 29 JULY 2026
RETRIEVAL_FREEZE: 2026-07-29T21:27:34+08:00
TIMEZONE: ASIA/SINGAPORE (+08:00)
FORMAT: UTF-8 PLAIN TEXT; DETERMINISTIC MACHINE-READABLE FIELD BLOCKS
CANONICAL_FILENAME: TIBET_CHRONOLOGY_MASTER_RUNTIME_V3.2.txt
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
LICENCE_STATUS: RESEARCH SCAFFOLD; SOURCE RIGHTS REMAIN WITH CITED HOLDERS

OBJECT_QUEUE:
PREVIOUS: OBJECT 25 — HIMALAYAN CIVILISATIONS
CURRENT: OBJECT 26 — TIBET / TIBETAN PLATEAU
NEXT: OBJECT 27 — CHINA

PRIMARY_INTERFACES:
OBJECT 25 — HIMALAYAN CIVILISATIONS
OBJECT 27 — CHINA
INDIA / GANGETIC AND NORTHWEST SOUTH-ASIAN SYSTEMS
CENTRAL ASIA / TARIM MANUSCRIPT AND IMPERIAL SYSTEMS
MONGOLIA / EURASIAN STEPPE RELIGIOUS-POLITICAL SYSTEMS
GLOBAL CLIMATE, RIVER, DIASPORA, RIGHTS AND DIGITAL SYSTEMS

READER_ROLE:
High-resolution longitudinal spine, evidence surface, relationship graph,
dependency map, CAT-scan launch point and protected input for CivilisationOS
expression analysis.

RUNTIME_VERSION_RULE:
Regional Runtime V3.2 remains the machine layer. Reality Continuum V3.3 is
inherited only as a root-integrity patch. This file never invents a Regional
Runtime V3.3.

========================================================================================
00 | V3.2 / V3.3 INHERITANCE RECEIPT

CANONICAL_INHERITANCE:
CIVATLAS.REALITY_CONTINUUM.RUNTIME.V3.3
-> active substrate; nested clocks; domain separation; root laws
CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.WORLD.MASTER.V1.1
-> universal W000–W068 synchronisation
CIVATLAS.REGIONAL.RUNTIME.V3.2
-> protected regional records; organs; observers; CAT; genome; repair
CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.TIBET_TIBETAN_PLATEAU.RUNTIME.V3.2
-> Coverage Object 26 evidence, graph, interfaces and release state

V3.2_RECEIPTS:
— persistent state-transformation grammar;
— eight organs: FLOOR, BODY, FLOW, MEMORY, SENSOR, CONTROL, REPAIR, EDGE;
— six observers: SKY, STRATEGIST, GENERAL, ENGINEER, RECEIVER, NOBODY;
— genome / genealogy / expression routing;
— pressure-field and Ouroboros routing;
— human challenge, correction and appeal routes;
— achieved-state tests for law, infrastructure and institutional capability.

V3.3_ROOT_PATCH_RECEIPTS:
— TEMPORAL_FORM separated from BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY;
— RELATION_TYPE separated from ATTESTATION;
— typed material, energy, process, function, information, person, capital
and tightly restricted agent flows;
— LAW_SCOPE plus FALSIFIER on every transformation trace;
— INTEGRATION_NON_IDENTITY;
— TRUE_REVERSE_HYDRA;
— FUNCTIONAL_PORTABILITY;
— claim-level evidence edges;
— V1–V5 validation;
— W000–W068 Active Substrate Receipts;
— nested-clock and domain-separation enforcement.

ROOT_LAWS:
INTEGRATION_NON_IDENTITY — connection does not erase system identity.
FUNCTIONAL_PORTABILITY — a capability moves only with named dependencies.
TRUE_REVERSE_HYDRA — repair traces back to substrate and every affected agent.
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT — geography, Sky, water and ecology actively operate.
DOMAIN_SEPARATION — matter, energy, information, process and agency remain typed.

CAPABILITY_STAGES:
FOUNDATION_0
STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
STAGE_5_REGENERATIVE_SELF_CORRECTING

LIFECYCLE_IS_SEPARATE:
emergence, expansion, maintenance, fission, suppression, host migration,
repair and termination are not capability stages.

GENOME_METAPHOR_GUARDRAIL:
“Civilisational genome” names inherited, recombined and reproducible
capabilities. It is never biological destiny, racial essence, ethnic rank,
personhood, ownership or political title. EPAS1 and ancient-genome evidence
cannot be converted into sovereignty, identity purity or normative worth.

========================================================================================
01 | OBJECT STATEMENT, SCOPE AND NON-COLLAPSE

PRINCIPAL_QUESTION:
How did plateau peoples and institutions assemble, inherit, transmit,
suppress, move and repair survivability, food, script, administration,
religion, knowledge, transport and political control—and what returned cost
fell on households, children, labourers, monastics, refugees, downstream
communities and living ecologies?

THIS_IS_NOT:
— a ladder from Denisovans to Tibetans to empire to modern state;
— a biography of one timeless people, language, religion or territory;
— an argument that archaeological culture, genes, Bon, Buddhism, empire,
dynasty, present administration or moral legitimacy are interchangeable;
— a silent annexation of Nepal, Bhutan, Ladakh, Sikkim, Himalayan trade
communities, Chinese regions, Central Asian oases or Mongol polities.

BOUNDARY_STACK:
TIBETAN_PLATEAU — a high-elevation geological and ecological system.
HISTORICAL_TIBETAN_POLITIES — changing, graded and often overlapping controls.
CULTURAL_TIBET — language, practice, memory and affiliation, never one polygon.
TIBET_AUTONOMOUS_REGION — a dated PRC legal and administrative host since 1965.
OTHER_TIBETAN_AUTONOMOUS_AREAS — prefectures/counties in Qinghai, Sichuan,
Gansu and Yunnan; not absorbed into the TAR.
TIBETAN_PEOPLE_AND_DIASPORA — persons and communities, not a state boundary.

CATEGORY_FIREWALL:
PLATEAU != TIBET != TAR != ALL TIBETAN AREAS != TIBETAN PEOPLE
!= TIBETAN LANGUAGE != TIBETAN BUDDHISM != BON != TIBETAN EMPIRE.

ZHANG_ZHUNG_FIREWALL:
TEXTUAL_ZHANG_ZHUNG != ALL_WESTERN_PLATEAU_ARCHAEOLOGY
!= KHYUNGLUNG != BON != MODERN_ETHNICITY != MODERN_POLITICAL_TITLE.
Early textual coordinates are admitted where supportable; geographical
extent, state form, scripts, language corpus and archaeology stay separately
bounded. Later Bon memory is evidence of later memory unless an earlier edge
is independently secured.

REINCARNATION_FIREWALL:
SPIRITUAL_RECOGNITION != STATE_APPROVAL != PHYSICAL_CUSTODY
!= COMMUNITY_LEGITIMACY != OFFICE_OPERATION != POLITICAL_SOVEREIGNTY.

MODERN_STATUS_FIREWALL:
DE_FACTO_OPERATION != DE_JURE_RECOGNITION.
HISTORICAL_IMPERIAL_REACH != MODERN_TITLE.
TREATY_TEXT != FREE_CONSENT != IMPLEMENTATION != TIMELESS_EFFECT.
CTA_OPERATING_INSTITUTION != UNIVERSALLY_RECOGNISED_SOVEREIGN_STATE.
“XIZANG” is retained inside official-source titles or positions; naming does
not decide legal history, identity or rights.

CORE_NEGATIONS:
UNKNOWN != NONE.
NOT_ATTESTED != DID_NOT_EXIST.
REACHABLE != INTERACTED.
SIMULTANEOUS != CONNECTED.
RAID != OCCUPATION != ENDURING_RULE.
TITLE != COMMAND != ENFORCEMENT != LEGITIMACY.
LAW != IMPLEMENTATION != RECEIVER_OUTCOME.
OFFICIAL_CLAIM != INDEPENDENT_ADJUDICATION.
RIGHTS_ALLEGATION != JUDGMENT.
DENIAL != REFUTATION.
INFRASTRUCTURE != EQUITABLE_ACCESS.
CURRENT != PERMANENT.

SOCIAL_HISTORY_GUARDRAIL:
Estate, tenancy, corvée, bondage, slavery, serfdom, class and citizenship
labels require period-, place- and right-specific evidence. Romanticisation
and propaganda totalisation are both rejected.

THE_NOBODY_LENS:
Every high-capability claim is testable from the position of anonymous
builders, herders, farmers, caravan workers, scribes, translators, artisans,
tenants, servants, soldiers, prisoners, refugees, schoolchildren, carers,
displaced households and non-human systems absent from elite archives.

========================================================================================
02 | NESTED CLOCKS, REALITY CONTINUUM AND EVIDENCE

CLOCK_RULE:
The eight clocks below are synchronised for comparison but never forced into
one causal tempo. Geological uplift, crop change, script, monastic succession,
treaty law and a live seismic sensor may share a world band without sharing a
mechanism.

NC01 | GEOLOGY_UPLIFT_SEISMIC
RESOLUTION: Ma–day
CONTENT: plate collision, uplift, erosion, faults and earthquakes
FIREWALL: never receives human motive

NC02 | SKY_CRYOSPHERE_WATER
RESOLUTION: millennium–hour
CONTENT: hypoxia, monsoon, westerlies, snow, glacier, permafrost, lakes and headwaters
FIREWALL: SKY is an operating interface

NC03 | ECOLOGY_PASTORAL
RESOLUTION: century–season
CONTENT: grassland, wildlife, pasture, herd and conservation
FIREWALL: ecology is an affected agent

NC04 | OCCUPATION_POPULATION
RESOLUTION: ka–generation
CONTENT: presence, mobility, settlement, demography and adaptation
FIREWALL: ancestry never becomes title

NC05 | FOOD_MATERIAL_TECHNOLOGY
RESOLUTION: millennium–season
CONTENT: crop, herd, dairy, metallurgy, craft and infrastructure
FIREWALL: possession is not expression

NC06 | LANGUAGE_TEXT_KNOWLEDGE
RESOLUTION: century–document
CONTENT: script, translation, canon, medicine, education and digital transmission
FIREWALL: text witness and event time remain separate

NC07 | RELIGION_MONASTERY_SUCCESSION
RESOLUTION: century–ritual decision
CONTENT: Bon, Buddhism, monasteries, lineages and reincarnation
FIREWALL: spiritual recognition, state approval, custody and legitimacy are distinct

NC08 | POLITY_CONTROL_EXTERNAL_INTERFACE
RESOLUTION: century–day
CONTENT: polities, armies, treaties, law, PRC, exile and external relations
FIREWALL: reach, claim and effective control are distinct

EVIDENCE_LADDER:
E0 ATTRIBUTED_MEMORY — tradition, genealogy, hagiography or later recollection.
E1 SINGLE_ATTESTATION — one text, object, testimony or official statement.
E2 MULTIPLE_ATTESTATION — independent sources or repeated observations.
E3 CONTEXTUAL_MEASUREMENT — stratigraphy, dating, inscription, law or sensor.
E4 CROSS_DOMAIN_CONVERGENCE — material, textual, environmental and Receiver edges.
E5 LIVE_VERIFIED — current primary state, exact retrieval and expiry at freeze.

CLAIM_STATES:
SUPPORTED; SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS; CONTESTED_BUT_BOUNDED; ATTRIBUTED_MEMORY;
OFFICIAL_CLAIM; PRIMARY_INSTITUTIONAL_CLAIM; UN_EXPERT_CONCERN;
VERIFIED_UNAVAILABLE; FUTURE_AT_CUTOFF; FROZEN_AT_CUTOFF.

EVIDENCE_HISTORY_RULE:
Ancient event time, excavation time, custody time, analysis time, publication
time and current retrieval time may become separate records. A 2024 paper does
not move a Pleistocene rib into 2024.

RELATION_ATTESTATION_RULE:
A record’s relation states what kind of connection is claimed. Attestation
states how the claim is supported. Strong evidence for an object never
automatically proves a stronger relation.

SKY_INTERFACE:
Altitude, hypoxia, ultraviolet exposure, monsoon, westerlies, snowpack,
glacier, permafrost, lake, pass season, celestial calendar, atmospheric risk,
river headwater and downstream consequence are operating variables.

========================================================================================
03 | PROTECTED RECORD CONTRACT

PROTECTED_FIELD_ORDER — EXACTLY 30 FIELDS:
01. ENTITY
02. ENTITY_TYPE
03. EVENT
04. TEMPORAL_FORM
05. BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY
06. WORLD_BANDS
07. TIME_ZOOM
08. ENTITY_ZOOM
09. FUNCTION
10. HOST
11. CARRIER
12. FLOW
13. DEPENDENCY
14. LINEAGE
15. RELATION
16. CONTROL_GEOMETRY
17. BASEFLOOR_EFFECT
18. CAPABILITY
19. LIFECYCLE
20. MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE
21. CAPABILITY_REACH
22. SURVIVABLE_RANGE
23. WORLD_DISTRIBUTION
24. DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE
25. MOTION
26. EVIDENCE
27. CLAIM_STATUS
28. UNCERTAINTY
29. SOURCE_KEYS
30. GRAPH_SEEDS

HEADER_FIELDS:
RECORD_ID | LOCAL_SERIES_ID | TIME_COORDINATE | TITLE

COMPANION_TRANSFORMATION_TRACE:
RECORD_ID; BEFORE_STATE; TRANSFORMATION; AFTER_STATE;
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE; LAW_SCOPE; FALSIFIER.

CLAIM_LEVEL_EVIDENCE_EDGE:
EDGE_ID; RECORD_ID; SOURCE_KEY; SOURCE_TYPE; ROLE; CLAIM_STATUS.

MUTATION_RULE:
Published records are immutable. Corrections append a superseding record,
revision edge and reason; they do not silently rewrite event, time, source or
uncertainty state.

FLOW_RULE:
MATERIAL_TRANSFER; ENERGY_CONVERSION; PROCESS_SUCCESSION;
FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; INFORMATION_TRANSFER; PERSON_MOVEMENT;
CAPITAL_TRANSFER; tightly restricted AGENT_FLUX.
AGENT_FLUX is forbidden for geology, atmosphere, glacier, water and ecology.

========================================================================================
04 | WORLD CLOCK AND ACTIVE-SUBSTRATE RECEIPTS

PARENT_CLOCK:
W000 | 4.54–4.0 Ga
W001 | 4.0–2.5 Ga
W002 | 2.5 Ga–541 Ma
W003 | 541–66 Ma
W004 | 66–7 Ma
W005 | 7–3.3 Ma
W006 | 3.3–2.6 Ma
W007 | 2.6–1.8 Ma
W008 | 1.8 Ma–800 ka
W009 | 800–300 ka
W010 | 300–130 ka
W011 | 130–70 ka
W012 | 70–50 ka
W013 | 50–20 ka
W014 | 20–11.7 ka
W015 | 9700–8000 BCE
W016 | 8000–6000 BCE
W017 | 6000–5000 BCE
W018 | 5000–4000 BCE
W019 | 4000–3500 BCE
W020 | 3500–3000 BCE
W021 | 3000–2500 BCE
W022 | 2500–2000 BCE
W023 | 2000–1500 BCE
W024 | 1500–1200 BCE
W025 | 1200–1000 BCE
W026 | 1000–800 BCE
W027 | 800–600 BCE
W028 | 600–500 BCE
W029 | 500–300 BCE
W030 | 300–100 BCE
W031 | 100 BCE–1 CE
W032 | 1–200 CE
W033 | 200–400 CE
W034 | 400–600 CE
W035 | 600–800 CE
W036 | 800–1000 CE
W037 | 1000–1200 CE
W038 | 1200–1300 CE
W039 | 1300–1400 CE
W040 | 1400–1500 CE
W041 | 1500–1600 CE
W042 | 1600–1700 CE
W043 | 1700–1750 CE
W044 | 1750–1800 CE
W045 | 1800–1850 CE
W046 | 1850–1870 CE
W047 | 1870–1900 CE
W048 | 1900–1914 CE
W049 | 1914–1918 CE
W050 | 1918–1929 CE
W051 | 1929–1939 CE
W052 | 1939–1945 CE
W053 | 1945–1950 CE
W054 | 1950–1960 CE
W055 | 1960–1970 CE
W056 | 1970–1980 CE
W057 | 1980–1990 CE
W058 | 1990–2000 CE
W059 | 2000–2008 CE
W060 | 2008–2014 CE
W061 | 2014–2019 CE
W062 | 2020
W063 | 2021
W064 | 2022
W065 | 2023
W066 | 2024
W067 | 2025
W068 | 1 January–28 July 2026 parent band; child overlay to 29 July 2026

CHILD_OVERLAY:
W068 parent ends 28 July 2026.
TBT.W068.CHILD extends only to 2026-07-29T21:27:34+08:00.
The child does not modify the parent clock.

ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPTS:
TBT.ASR000 | W000 | 4.54–4.0 Ga
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: planetary material, terranes, Neo-Tethys and pre-collision crust
SKY: atmosphere and hydrosphere evolve; no human sky-use inferred
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: later relief, mineral, water and seismic systems inherit this material state
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR001 | W001 | 4.0–2.5 Ga
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: planetary material, terranes, Neo-Tethys and pre-collision crust
SKY: atmosphere and hydrosphere evolve; no human sky-use inferred
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: later relief, mineral, water and seismic systems inherit this material state
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR002 | W002 | 2.5 Ga–541 Ma
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: planetary material, terranes, Neo-Tethys and pre-collision crust
SKY: atmosphere and hydrosphere evolve; no human sky-use inferred
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: later relief, mineral, water and seismic systems inherit this material state
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR003 | W003 | 541–66 Ma
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: planetary material, terranes, Neo-Tethys and pre-collision crust
SKY: atmosphere and hydrosphere evolve; no human sky-use inferred
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: later relief, mineral, water and seismic systems inherit this material state
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR004 | W004 | 66–7 Ma
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: planetary material, terranes, Neo-Tethys and pre-collision crust
SKY: atmosphere and hydrosphere evolve; no human sky-use inferred
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: later relief, mineral, water and seismic systems inherit this material state
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR005 | W005 | 7–3.3 Ma
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: high plateau relief, Quaternary climate, glacier, lake, grassland and faunal systems
SKY: glacial cycles, cold, hypoxia, UV, monsoon–westerly boundary and route season
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: hominin mobility depends on heat, food, water, shelter and cooperation
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR006 | W006 | 3.3–2.6 Ma
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: high plateau relief, Quaternary climate, glacier, lake, grassland and faunal systems
SKY: glacial cycles, cold, hypoxia, UV, monsoon–westerly boundary and route season
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: hominin mobility depends on heat, food, water, shelter and cooperation
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR007 | W007 | 2.6–1.8 Ma
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: high plateau relief, Quaternary climate, glacier, lake, grassland and faunal systems
SKY: glacial cycles, cold, hypoxia, UV, monsoon–westerly boundary and route season
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: hominin mobility depends on heat, food, water, shelter and cooperation
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR008 | W008 | 1.8 Ma–800 ka
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: high plateau relief, Quaternary climate, glacier, lake, grassland and faunal systems
SKY: glacial cycles, cold, hypoxia, UV, monsoon–westerly boundary and route season
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: hominin mobility depends on heat, food, water, shelter and cooperation
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR009 | W009 | 800–300 ka
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: high plateau relief, Quaternary climate, glacier, lake, grassland and faunal systems
SKY: glacial cycles, cold, hypoxia, UV, monsoon–westerly boundary and route season
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: hominin mobility depends on heat, food, water, shelter and cooperation
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR010 | W010 | 300–130 ka
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: high plateau relief, Quaternary climate, glacier, lake, grassland and faunal systems
SKY: glacial cycles, cold, hypoxia, UV, monsoon–westerly boundary and route season
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: hominin mobility depends on heat, food, water, shelter and cooperation
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR011 | W011 | 130–70 ka
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: high plateau relief, Quaternary climate, glacier, lake, grassland and faunal systems
SKY: glacial cycles, cold, hypoxia, UV, monsoon–westerly boundary and route season
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: hominin mobility depends on heat, food, water, shelter and cooperation
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR012 | W012 | 70–50 ka
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: high plateau relief, Quaternary climate, glacier, lake, grassland and faunal systems
SKY: glacial cycles, cold, hypoxia, UV, monsoon–westerly boundary and route season
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: hominin mobility depends on heat, food, water, shelter and cooperation
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR013 | W013 | 50–20 ka
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: high plateau relief, Quaternary climate, glacier, lake, grassland and faunal systems
SKY: glacial cycles, cold, hypoxia, UV, monsoon–westerly boundary and route season
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: hominin mobility depends on heat, food, water, shelter and cooperation
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR014 | W014 | 20–11.7 ka
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR015 | W015 | 9700–8000 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR016 | W016 | 8000–6000 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR017 | W017 | 6000–5000 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR018 | W018 | 5000–4000 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR019 | W019 | 4000–3500 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR020 | W020 | 3500–3000 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR021 | W021 | 3000–2500 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR022 | W022 | 2500–2000 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR023 | W023 | 2000–1500 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR024 | W024 | 1500–1200 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR025 | W025 | 1200–1000 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR026 | W026 | 1000–800 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR027 | W027 | 800–600 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR028 | W028 | 600–500 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR029 | W029 | 500–300 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR030 | W030 | 300–100 BCE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR031 | W031 | 100 BCE–1 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: Holocene snow, lake, pasture, crop niche, herd ecology and seismic floor
SKY: seasonality regulates crops, pasture, passes and winter survivability
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: settlement and surplus remain coupled to fodder, storage, labour and exchange
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR032 | W032 | 1–200 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR033 | W033 | 200–400 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR034 | W034 | 400–600 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR035 | W035 | 600–800 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR036 | W036 | 800–1000 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR037 | W037 | 1000–1200 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR038 | W038 | 1200–1300 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR039 | W039 | 1300–1400 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR040 | W040 | 1400–1500 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR041 | W041 | 1500–1600 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR042 | W042 | 1600–1700 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR043 | W043 | 1700–1750 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR044 | W044 | 1750–1800 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: plateau corridors, pasture, headwaters and altitude remain active beneath institutions
SKY: pass seasons and harvest/weather calendars constrain army, pilgrimage and trade
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: political and religious systems externalise cost to households, animals and ecology
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR045 | W045 | 1800–1850 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR046 | W046 | 1850–1870 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR047 | W047 | 1870–1900 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR048 | W048 | 1900–1914 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR049 | W049 | 1914–1918 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR050 | W050 | 1918–1929 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR051 | W051 | 1929–1939 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR052 | W052 | 1939–1945 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR053 | W053 | 1945–1950 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR054 | W054 | 1950–1960 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR055 | W055 | 1960–1970 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR056 | W056 | 1970–1980 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR057 | W057 | 1980–1990 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR058 | W058 | 1990–2000 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR059 | W059 | 2000–2008 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR060 | W060 | 2008–2014 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR061 | W061 | 2014–2019 CE
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: industrial infrastructure overlays but does not replace altitude, water, grassland and faults
SKY: warming signal, weather risk and cryosphere change enter planning
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: mass institutions depend on energy, logistics, maintenance, rights and local knowledge
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR062 | W062 | 2020
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: live warming, glacier/snow change, lake growth, permafrost thaw, seismicity and river projects
SKY: instrumental and satellite observations remain basin- and access-bounded
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: law, schools, rail, hydropower and recovery require live Receiver and ecological verification
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR063 | W063 | 2021
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: live warming, glacier/snow change, lake growth, permafrost thaw, seismicity and river projects
SKY: instrumental and satellite observations remain basin- and access-bounded
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: law, schools, rail, hydropower and recovery require live Receiver and ecological verification
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR064 | W064 | 2022
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: live warming, glacier/snow change, lake growth, permafrost thaw, seismicity and river projects
SKY: instrumental and satellite observations remain basin- and access-bounded
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: law, schools, rail, hydropower and recovery require live Receiver and ecological verification
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR065 | W065 | 2023
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: live warming, glacier/snow change, lake growth, permafrost thaw, seismicity and river projects
SKY: instrumental and satellite observations remain basin- and access-bounded
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: law, schools, rail, hydropower and recovery require live Receiver and ecological verification
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR066 | W066 | 2024
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: live warming, glacier/snow change, lake growth, permafrost thaw, seismicity and river projects
SKY: instrumental and satellite observations remain basin- and access-bounded
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: law, schools, rail, hydropower and recovery require live Receiver and ecological verification
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR067 | W067 | 2025
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: live warming, glacier/snow change, lake growth, permafrost thaw, seismicity and river projects
SKY: instrumental and satellite observations remain basin- and access-bounded
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: law, schools, rail, hydropower and recovery require live Receiver and ecological verification
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: INHERITED_AND_OPEN_TO_REVISION

TBT.ASR068 | W068 | 1 January–28 July 2026 parent band; child overlay to 29 July 2026
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE: live warming, glacier/snow change, lake growth, permafrost thaw, seismicity and river projects
SKY: instrumental and satellite observations remain basin- and access-bounded
DOWNSTREAM_DEPENDENCY: law, schools, rail, hydropower and recovery require live Receiver and ecological verification
DOMAIN_SEPARATION: climate, geology, water and ecology use process/energy/material flows; AGENT_FLUX forbidden
STATUS: FROZEN 2026-07-29T21:27:34+08:00

========================================================================================
05 | REGIONAL SYSTEM-TRACK REGISTRY

TRACK_COUNT: 96
TRACK_RULE:
Each track owns an independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, evidence,
Sky/Receiver/Nobody surface and repair route. Shared time does not collapse
tracks.

TBT.T001 | INDIA–EURASIA PLATE INTERACTION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T002 | TERRANE ACCRETION AND SUTURE ZONES
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T003 | PLATEAU UPLIFT AND PALAEOALTIMETRY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T004 | EARTHQUAKE, RIFT AND LANDSLIDE HAZARD
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T005 | HYPOXIA, ULTRAVIOLET AND THERMAL EXPOSURE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T006 | MONSOON–WESTERLY ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T007 | SNOWPACK, GLACIERS AND PERMAFROST
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T008 | RIVER HEADWATERS AND DOWNSTREAM DEPENDENCY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T009 | LAKES, WETLANDS AND GROUNDWATER
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T010 | ALPINE GRASSLAND AND DESERT ECOLOGY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T011 | WILD FAUNA AND MULTISPECIES RELATIONS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T012 | DENISOVAN OCCUPATION EVIDENCE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T013 | HOMO SAPIENS MOBILITY AND SETTLEMENT
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T014 | POPULATION HISTORY AND HIGH-ALTITUDE ADAPTATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T015 | LITHIC AND BONE TECHNOLOGY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T016 | HUNTING, GATHERING AND SEASONAL MOBILITY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T017 | MILLET CULTIVATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T018 | BARLEY AND WHEAT CULTIVATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T019 | YAK, CATTLE AND HYBRID HUSBANDRY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T020 | SHEEP AND GOAT PASTORALISM
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T021 | DAIRYING AND WINTER SUBSISTENCE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T022 | SALT, GOLD AND TURQUOISE EXCHANGE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T023 | METALLURGY AND CRAFT
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T024 | TENT, HOUSE AND SETTLEMENT ARCHITECTURE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T025 | TEXTILE, WOOL AND FELT PRODUCTION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T026 | HORSE, PACK ANIMAL AND CARAVAN LOGISTICS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T027 | PASSES, ROADS AND SEASONAL CORRIDORS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T028 | TIBETAN LANGUAGE DIVERSIFICATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T029 | TIBETAN SCRIPT AND EPIGRAPHY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T030 | OLD TIBETAN ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T031 | SANSKRIT–TIBETAN TRANSLATION SYSTEMS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T032 | CHINESE–TIBETAN TRANSLATION AND EXCHANGE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T033 | PRINTING, CANON AND LIBRARY CUSTODY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T034 | ORAL MEMORY AND GESAR EPIC
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T035 | CALENDAR, ASTRONOMY AND CELESTIAL TIMING
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T036 | TIBETAN MEDICINE AND PHARMACOLOGY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T037 | BON INSTITUTIONS AND TEXTUAL TRADITIONS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T038 | IMPERIAL BUDDHIST PATRONAGE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T039 | MONASTERIES AND SCHOLASTIC INSTITUTIONS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T040 | REINCARNATION AND SUCCESSION TECHNOLOGIES
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T041 | NYINGMA LINEAGES
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T042 | KADAM LINEAGES
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T043 | SAKYA LINEAGES
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T044 | KAGYU LINEAGES
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T045 | GELUG LINEAGES
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T046 | JONANG AND OTHER TRADITIONS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T047 | NON-SECTARIAN AND ECUMENICAL MOVEMENTS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T048 | MUSLIM COMMUNITIES AND TRADE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T049 | CHRISTIAN MISSIONS AND ENCOUNTERS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T050 | YARLUNG STATE FORMATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T051 | TIBETAN IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T052 | MILITARY MOBILISATION AND FRONTIER GARRISONS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T053 | TREATY DIPLOMACY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T054 | TRIBUTE, CENSUS AND TAXATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T055 | IMPERIAL FRAGMENTATION AND FISSION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T056 | GUGE–PURANG WESTERN TIBETAN SYSTEMS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T057 | PHAGMODRUPA GOVERNMENT
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T058 | RINPUNGPA HEGEMONY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T059 | TSANGPA HEGEMONY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T060 | GANDEN PHODRANG GOVERNMENT
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T061 | MONGOL PATRONAGE AND MILITARY POWER
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T062 | YUAN IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T063 | MING COURT AND FRONTIER RELATIONS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T064 | QING IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T065 | AMBANS, GARRISONS AND REGENCIES
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T066 | MONASTIC ESTATES, TENANCY AND LABOUR HIERARCHY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T067 | PILGRIMAGE AND SACRED LANDSCAPE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T068 | INDIA KNOWLEDGE AND POLITICAL INTERFACE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T069 | NEPAL TRADE, WAR AND PILGRIMAGE INTERFACE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T070 | BHUTAN AND HIMALAYAN RELIGIOUS INTERFACE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T071 | CHINA POLITICAL, COMMERCIAL AND KNOWLEDGE INTERFACE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T072 | CENTRAL ASIA AND TARIM INTERFACE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T073 | MONGOLIA RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL INTERFACE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T074 | LADAKH AND KASHMIR INTERFACE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T075 | BRITISH INDIA AND GREAT GAME INTERFACE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T076 | REPUBLICAN-ERA DIPLOMACY AND BOUNDARY CLAIMS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T077 | PRC STATE INTEGRATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T078 | REGIONAL ETHNIC AUTONOMY LAW
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T079 | COLLECTIVISATION AND DECOLLECTIVISATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T080 | EDUCATION, BOARDING AND LANGUAGE POLICY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T081 | RELIGIOUS REGULATION AND PATRIOTIC EDUCATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T082 | PRISONS, POLICING AND SURVEILLANCE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T083 | EXILE AND DIASPORA
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T084 | CENTRAL TIBETAN ADMINISTRATION DEMOCRACY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T085 | ROAD, RAIL AND AVIATION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T086 | HYDROPOWER AND GRID EXPORT
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T087 | TOURISM AND HERITAGE ECONOMY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T088 | URBANISATION AND HOUSING
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T089 | PUBLIC HEALTH AND BASEFLOOR ACCESS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T090 | DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS AND CENSORSHIP
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T091 | ECOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND PASTORAL RIGHTS
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T092 | CLIMATE ADAPTATION AND CRYOSPHERE REPAIR
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T093 | DISASTER RESPONSE AND RECONSTRUCTION
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T094 | DALAI AND PANCHEN SUCCESSION DISPUTE
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T095 | WOMEN, GENDER AND HOUSEHOLD AUTHORITY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

TBT.T096 | ART, ARCHITECTURE AND HERITAGE CUSTODY
STATUS: REGISTERED
RULE: independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Sky/Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

========================================================================================
06 | GRAPH-SEED REGISTRY

NODE_COUNT: 90
GRAPH_RULE:
Nodes are analytical and evidence-routing coordinates. A node name never
proves identity, ownership, uninterrupted continuity or modern title.

========================================================================================
07 | CROSS-OBJECT CONNECTOR REGISTER

CONNECTOR_COUNT: 24
EDGE_RULE:
Every interface declares route, relation, attestation and non-collapse. The
owner object retains its own clock and internal agency.

TBT.C001 | TARGET: HIMALAYAN CIVILISATIONS — OBJECT 25
ROUTE: Nepal Valley, Bhutan, Himalayan trade societies, pilgrimage, teachers and passes
RELATION_TYPE: PERSON_INFORMATION_MATERIAL_AND_RITUAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: shared sites and lineages require dated bilateral evidence; Object 25 keeps its own clock
NON_COLLAPSE: Tibet does not absorb Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim or Himalayan communities.

TBT.C002 | TARGET: CHINA — OBJECT 27
ROUTE: Tang war and treaties, trade, Buddhism, Yuan/Qing/Republican/PRC relations, modern law and infrastructure
RELATION_TYPE: POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_CAPITAL_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE
ATTESTATION_RULE: Chinese, Tibetan, archaeological, legal and administrative evidence remain independently typed
NON_COLLAPSE: interaction does not prove identity; empire, dynasty and modern state are not interchangeable.

TBT.C003 | TARGET: INDUS / NORTHWEST SOUTH ASIA
ROUTE: Ladakh, Kashmir, upper Indus, western Himalayan exchange and war
RELATION_TYPE: PERSON_MATERIAL_INFORMATION_AND_MILITARY_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: archaeology, inscriptions, texts, treaties and route evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use, ancestry, sovereignty or unbroken continuity.

TBT.C004 | TARGET: GANGETIC / NORTH-CENTRAL SOUTH ASIA
ROUTE: Indian Buddhist teachers, Sanskrit texts, pilgrimage and later diplomacy
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
ATTESTATION_RULE: teacher, text and institutional lineages require source-specific evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: India is neither a single sender nor proof of political subordination.

TBT.C005 | TARGET: CENTRAL ASIA / TARIM
ROUTE: Dunhuang, Khotan, oasis administration, war, Sogdian and Silk Road networks
RELATION_TYPE: MILITARY_INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_MATERIAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: Old Tibetan documents, Chinese sources, archaeology and multilingual manuscripts
NON_COLLAPSE: shared corridor does not erase oasis agency or prove continuous Tibetan control.

TBT.C006 | TARGET: MONGOLIA / EURASIAN STEPPE
ROUTE: Sakya–Mongol, Gelug–Mongol, Khoshut, Dzungar and modern Buddhist networks
RELATION_TYPE: PERSON_INFORMATION_MILITARY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: Mongol, Tibetan, Chinese and Persian sources; patronage and command kept separate
NON_COLLAPSE: “priest–patron” is a model, not a solvent for sovereignty or coercion.

TBT.C007 | TARGET: LADAKH / KASHMIR
ROUTE: western Tibetan kingdoms, translation, art, pilgrimage, trade and 17th/19th-century wars
RELATION_TYPE: BIDIRECTIONAL_HIMALAYAN_INTERFACE
ATTESTATION_RULE: texts, inscriptions, monuments, treaties and material evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: cultural proximity does not transfer modern title.

TBT.C008 | TARGET: NEPAL
ROUTE: Newar artisans, trade, Gorkha wars, pilgrimage, refugees and modern transit
RELATION_TYPE: PERSON_MATERIAL_INFORMATION_AND_MILITARY_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: Nepalese, Tibetan, Qing, archaeological and diplomatic evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: Bhrikuti tradition and Gorkha war are not one continuous relation.

TBT.C009 | TARGET: BHUTAN
ROUTE: Drukpa networks, border trade, diplomacy and religious transmission
RELATION_TYPE: PERSON_INFORMATION_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: Bhutanese and Tibetan textual, monastic and diplomatic evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: shared Vajrayana traditions do not erase Bhutanese political history.

TBT.C010 | TARGET: BENGAL / BIHAR
ROUTE: Pala-era Buddhist centres, Atisha and late Indian translation routes
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
ATTESTATION_RULE: Sanskrit, Tibetan and institutional histories with hagiographic controls
NON_COLLAPSE: teacher lineage does not prove one-way civilisational ownership.

TBT.C011 | TARGET: SILK ROAD MANUSCRIPT WORLD
ROUTE: Dunhuang libraries, contracts, multilingual texts and dispersed custody
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_AND_MATERIAL_CUSTODY_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: manuscript provenance, palaeography, conservation and collection history
NON_COLLAPSE: modern custody is not ancient origin, ownership or interpretive monopoly.

TBT.C012 | TARGET: GLOBAL BUDDHIST NETWORK
ROUTE: Tibetan Buddhist schools across Asia, Russia, Europe and the Americas
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: lineage, institution and community evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: Tibetan Buddhism is not identical with Tibet, Tibetan ethnicity or any one state.

TBT.C013 | TARGET: QING IMPERIAL WORLD
ROUTE: Manchu, Mongol, Tibetan and Chinese imperial administration
RELATION_TYPE: POLITICAL_MILITARY_RITUAL_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE
ATTESTATION_RULE: multilingual Qing archives and Tibetan records
NON_COLLAPSE: Qing imperial form cannot be back-translated automatically into modern sovereignty categories.

TBT.C014 | TARGET: BRITISH IMPERIAL NETWORK
ROUTE: Younghusband invasion, trade marts, treaties, maps and Indian frontier rule
RELATION_TYPE: COERCIVE_MILITARY_CAPITAL_AND_LEGAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: British, Tibetan, Qing and local evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: treaty signature under force does not prove consensual or uniform control.

TBT.C015 | TARGET: PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ROUTE: law, party-state control, fiscal transfer, migration, schools, rail, energy and digital systems
RELATION_TYPE: LEGAL_INSTITUTIONAL_CAPITAL_PERSON_AND_INFORMATION_INTERFACE
ATTESTATION_RULE: official records prove official states; independent rights and outcome evidence remains separate
NON_COLLAPSE: TAR is a legal host, not a synonym for all Tibet or all Tibetans.

TBT.C016 | TARGET: TIBETAN DIASPORA / CTA
ROUTE: refuge, education, democracy, religion, archives, advocacy and succession institutions
RELATION_TYPE: PERSON_INFORMATION_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
ATTESTATION_RULE: diaspora, Indian, institutional and host-state records
NON_COLLAPSE: CTA is an operating exile institution, not silently asserted here as a universally recognised sovereign state.

TBT.C017 | TARGET: GLOBAL CLIMATE SYSTEM
ROUTE: warming, monsoon, westerlies, glaciers, permafrost, snow and atmospheric hazards
RELATION_TYPE: ENERGY_CONVERSION_AND_PROCESS_SUCCESSION
ATTESTATION_RULE: instrumental, satellite, model and palaeoclimate evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: non-agentic climate processes never receive AGENT_FLUX or human motive.

TBT.C018 | TARGET: TRANSBOUNDARY RIVER SYSTEMS
ROUTE: Indus, Brahmaputra, Salween, Mekong, Yangtze and Yellow headwaters
RELATION_TYPE: MATERIAL_TRANSFER_ENERGY_CONVERSION_AND_PROCESS_SUCCESSION
ATTESTATION_RULE: hydrology, sediment, infrastructure and downstream evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: upstream geography is not ownership of downstream life or consent.

TBT.C019 | TARGET: WORLD ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE SYSTEM
ROUTE: excavation, dating, proteomics, ancient DNA, publication, custody and review
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_AND_MATERIAL_CUSTODY_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: claim-level methods and publication clocks
NON_COLLAPSE: evidence publication does not move an ancient event into the publication year.

TBT.C020 | TARGET: GLOBAL HUMAN-RIGHTS SYSTEM
ROUTE: UN mechanisms, treaty obligations, advocacy, denials and access limits
RELATION_TYPE: LEGAL_INFORMATION_AND_TESTIMONIAL_INTERFACE
ATTESTATION_RULE: finding, allegation, official reply and adjudication retain separate claim states
NON_COLLAPSE: criticism is not judgment; denial is not refutation; access limits remain explicit.

TBT.C021 | TARGET: GLOBAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM SYSTEM
ROUTE: UNESCO sites, conservation, pilgrimage and visitor economy
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_CAPITAL_AND_CUSTODY_INTERFACE
ATTESTATION_RULE: heritage, community, conservation and economic evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: recognition is not ownership, ritual authority or proof of complete history.

TBT.C022 | TARGET: GLOBAL DIGITAL SYSTEM
ROUTE: platforms, surveillance, diaspora communication, archives, AI and censorship
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_CAPITAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
ATTESTATION_RULE: technical, legal, testimonial and platform evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: connectivity is not free expression, privacy, language survival or equitable access.

TBT.C023 | TARGET: HUMAN POPULATION GENETICS
ROUTE: ancient genomes, adaptation and population history
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: sample, method, consent and statistical inference
NON_COLLAPSE: ancestry never equals language, religion, polity, race, worth or political title.

TBT.C024 | TARGET: WORLD MASTER W000–W068
ROUTE: temporal synchronisation and cross-sectional comparison
RELATION_TYPE: TEMPORAL_CROSSWALK
ATTESTATION_RULE: shared clock only
NON_COLLAPSE: simultaneity does not prove transmission, influence or contact.

========================================================================================
08 | IMMUTABLE CHRONOLOGICAL RECORDS

ORDER: evidence-spine order. Evidence-history records retain subject time and
explicitly name publication, custody or review time.

RECORD_COUNT: 284
LOCAL_SERIES_INVENTORY:
SUBSTRATE: 12
PLEISTOCENE: 14
HOLOCENE: 20
EARLY_POLITIES: 12
EMPIRE: 37
RENAISSANCE: 22
MONGOL_YUAN: 18
REGIONAL: 14
GANDEN_QING: 36
MODERN_1900: 25
PRC_TRANSITION: 33
CONTEMPORARY: 20
LIVE_TAIL: 21

TBT.000001 | [SUBSTRATE-001] 4.54–4.0 Ga | EARTH AND LITHOSPHERE FOUNDATION
ENTITY: Earth and lithosphere foundation
ENTITY_TYPE: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Planetary accretion and differentiation establish the material system from which the plateau’s crust, mantle, atmosphere and hydrosphere later develop.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: PLANETARY_BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W000
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM::EARTH_AND_LITHOSPHERE_FOUNDATION
HOST: Tibetan Plateau material, atmospheric, cryospheric and river system
CARRIER: rock, mantle, crust, sediment, water and atmospheric energy; no human agency inferred
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: plate interaction; material properties; gravity; thermal history; climate coupling
LINEAGE: SUBSTRATE predecessors -> Earth and lithosphere foundation -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NONAGENTIC_PROCESS_SUCCESSION; attestation=Radiometric chronology and Earth-system synthesis; this is substrate, not Tibetan human history.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG0_NONAGENTIC_SUBSTRATE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=primary; energy=primary; water=primary; ecology=forming; labour=not_applicable; information=measured_or_modelled; legitimacy=not_applicable
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR7_PLANETARY_DEPENDENCY
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Radiometric chronology and Earth-system synthesis; this is substrate, not Tibetan human history.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S001
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000002 | [SUBSTRATE-002] Palaeozoic–Mesozoic | TETHYAN TERRANES ASSEMBLE
ENTITY: Tethyan terranes assemble
ENTITY_TYPE: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Successive Gondwanan-derived terranes accrete to Eurasia, producing sutures and inherited crustal differences beneath the later plateau.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: MODEL_BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W002–W003
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM::TETHYAN_TERRANES_ASSEMBLE
HOST: Tibetan Plateau material, atmospheric, cryospheric and river system
CARRIER: rock, mantle, crust, sediment, water and atmospheric energy; no human agency inferred
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: plate interaction; material properties; gravity; thermal history; climate coupling
LINEAGE: SUBSTRATE predecessors -> Tethyan terranes assemble -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NONAGENTIC_PROCESS_SUCCESSION; attestation=Regional geology, stratigraphy and tectonic reconstruction.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG0_NONAGENTIC_SUBSTRATE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=primary; energy=primary; water=primary; ecology=forming; labour=not_applicable; information=measured_or_modelled; legitimacy=not_applicable
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR7_PLANETARY_DEPENDENCY
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Regional geology, stratigraphy and tectonic reconstruction.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U002; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S011, TBT.S015
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G005

TBT.000003 | [SUBSTRATE-003] Mesozoic | GANGDESE MAGMATIC ARC DEVELOPS
ENTITY: Gangdese magmatic arc develops
ENTITY_TYPE: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Northward subduction of Neo-Tethyan lithosphere generates the Gangdese arc and a southern Tibetan magmatic host before India–Asia collision.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: MODEL_BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W003
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM::GANGDESE_MAGMATIC_ARC_DEVELOPS
HOST: Tibetan Plateau material, atmospheric, cryospheric and river system
CARRIER: rock, mantle, crust, sediment, water and atmospheric energy; no human agency inferred
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: plate interaction; material properties; gravity; thermal history; climate coupling
LINEAGE: SUBSTRATE predecessors -> Gangdese magmatic arc develops -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NONAGENTIC_PROCESS_SUCCESSION; attestation=Igneous chronology and plate reconstruction.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG0_NONAGENTIC_SUBSTRATE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=primary; energy=primary; water=primary; ecology=forming; labour=not_applicable; information=measured_or_modelled; legitimacy=not_applicable
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR7_PLANETARY_DEPENDENCY
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: energy changes form or availability; no human motive is inferred from the process
EVIDENCE: Igneous chronology and plate reconstruction.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U002; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S014, TBT.S015
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G003, TBT.G068

TBT.000004 | [SUBSTRATE-004] c.100–80 Ma | INDIA SEPARATES AND MOVES NORTH
ENTITY: India separates and moves north
ENTITY_TYPE: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Indian plate’s northward motion narrows Neo-Tethys and sets the convergence vector later expressed in Himalayan shortening and plateau deformation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: MODEL_BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W003
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM::INDIA_SEPARATES_AND_MOVES_NORTH
HOST: Tibetan Plateau material, atmospheric, cryospheric and river system
CARRIER: rock, mantle, crust, sediment, water and atmospheric energy; no human agency inferred
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: plate interaction; material properties; gravity; thermal history; climate coupling
LINEAGE: SUBSTRATE predecessors -> India separates and moves north -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NONAGENTIC_PROCESS_SUCCESSION; attestation=Plate kinematics and marine magnetic chronology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG0_NONAGENTIC_SUBSTRATE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=primary; energy=primary; water=primary; ecology=forming; labour=not_applicable; information=measured_or_modelled; legitimacy=not_applicable
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR7_PLANETARY_DEPENDENCY
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Plate kinematics and marine magnetic chronology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U002; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S015
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G001, TBT.G002, TBT.G007

TBT.000005 | [SUBSTRATE-005] c.60–45 Ma | INDIA–ASIA COLLISION INTERVAL
ENTITY: India–Asia collision interval
ENTITY_TYPE: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Continental collision begins within a debated interval; timing differs by definition, sector and evidence class.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED_RANGE
WORLD_BANDS: W004
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM::INDIA_ASIA_COLLISION_INTERVAL
HOST: Tibetan Plateau material, atmospheric, cryospheric and river system
CARRIER: rock, mantle, crust, sediment, water and atmospheric energy; no human agency inferred
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: plate interaction; material properties; gravity; thermal history; climate coupling
LINEAGE: SUBSTRATE predecessors -> India–Asia collision interval -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NONAGENTIC_PROCESS_SUCCESSION; attestation=Stratigraphic, magmatic, palaeomagnetic and deep-structure models do not resolve one universal collision instant.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG0_NONAGENTIC_SUBSTRATE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=primary; energy=primary; water=primary; ecology=forming; labour=not_applicable; information=measured_or_modelled; legitimacy=not_applicable
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR7_PLANETARY_DEPENDENCY
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Stratigraphic, magmatic, palaeomagnetic and deep-structure models do not resolve one universal collision instant.
CLAIM_STATUS: CONTESTED_BUT_BOUNDED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U002; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S015, TBT.S014
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G068

TBT.000006 | [SUBSTRATE-006] Palaeogene | HIGH SOUTHERN RANGES AND CENTRAL VALLEY COEXIST
ENTITY: High southern ranges and central valley coexist
ENTITY_TYPE: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Parts of southern Tibet may already have been high while a lower central Tibetan valley persisted, rejecting a single-tabletop uplift narrative.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: MODEL_BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W004
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM::HIGH_SOUTHERN_RANGES_AND_CENTRAL_VALLEY_COEXIST
HOST: Tibetan Plateau material, atmospheric, cryospheric and river system
CARRIER: rock, mantle, crust, sediment, water and atmospheric energy; no human agency inferred
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: plate interaction; material properties; gravity; thermal history; climate coupling
LINEAGE: SUBSTRATE predecessors -> High southern ranges and central valley coexist -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NONAGENTIC_PROCESS_SUCCESSION; attestation=Palaeoaltimetry and sedimentary reconstructions; proxy assumptions remain explicit.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG0_NONAGENTIC_SUBSTRATE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=primary; energy=primary; water=primary; ecology=forming; labour=not_applicable; information=measured_or_modelled; legitimacy=not_applicable
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR7_PLANETARY_DEPENDENCY
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Palaeoaltimetry and sedimentary reconstructions; proxy assumptions remain explicit.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U002; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S012, TBT.S013
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G023, TBT.G077

TBT.000007 | [SUBSTRATE-007] Eocene–Miocene | PLATEAU SECTORS RISE ASYNCHRONOUSLY
ENTITY: Plateau sectors rise asynchronously
ENTITY_TYPE: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Shortening, magmatism, lower-crustal loss and mantle processes raise different sectors at different rates.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_MODEL
WORLD_BANDS: W004–W005
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM::PLATEAU_SECTORS_RISE_ASYNCHRONOUSLY
HOST: Tibetan Plateau material, atmospheric, cryospheric and river system
CARRIER: rock, mantle, crust, sediment, water and atmospheric energy; no human agency inferred
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: plate interaction; material properties; gravity; thermal history; climate coupling
LINEAGE: SUBSTRATE predecessors -> Plateau sectors rise asynchronously -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NONAGENTIC_PROCESS_SUCCESSION; attestation=Multiple geodynamic models converge on phased rather than instantaneous uplift.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG0_NONAGENTIC_SUBSTRATE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=primary; energy=primary; water=primary; ecology=forming; labour=not_applicable; information=measured_or_modelled; legitimacy=not_applicable
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR7_PLANETARY_DEPENDENCY
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: energy changes form or availability; no human motive is inferred from the process
EVIDENCE: Multiple geodynamic models converge on phased rather than instantaneous uplift.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U002; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S011, TBT.S014
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000008 | [SUBSTRATE-008] Miocene–present | HIGH-ELEVATION PLATEAU SYSTEM CONSOLIDATES
ENTITY: High-elevation plateau system consolidates
ENTITY_TYPE: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Large plateau sectors attain high elevations, reorganising atmospheric circulation, drainage, erosion and ecological survivability.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED
WORLD_BANDS: W005–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM::HIGH_ELEVATION_PLATEAU_SYSTEM_CONSOLIDATES
HOST: Tibetan Plateau material, atmospheric, cryospheric and river system
CARRIER: rock, mantle, crust, sediment, water and atmospheric energy; no human agency inferred
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: plate interaction; material properties; gravity; thermal history; climate coupling
LINEAGE: SUBSTRATE predecessors -> High-elevation plateau system consolidates -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NONAGENTIC_PROCESS_SUCCESSION; attestation=Topography, thermochronology, palaeoaltimetry and modern observation.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG0_NONAGENTIC_SUBSTRATE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=primary; energy=primary; water=primary; ecology=forming; labour=not_applicable; information=measured_or_modelled; legitimacy=not_applicable
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR7_PLANETARY_DEPENDENCY
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Topography, thermochronology, palaeoaltimetry and modern observation.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U002, TBT.U003; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S011, TBT.S018
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000009 | [SUBSTRATE-009] Quaternary | GLACIAL–INTERGLACIAL CYCLING
ENTITY: Glacial–interglacial cycling
ENTITY_TYPE: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Mountain glaciers, snow, lakes and permafrost repeatedly expand and contract, altering habitat, corridors and water storage.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED
WORLD_BANDS: W007–W014
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM::GLACIAL_INTERGLACIAL_CYCLING
HOST: Tibetan Plateau material, atmospheric, cryospheric and river system
CARRIER: rock, mantle, crust, sediment, water and atmospheric energy; no human agency inferred
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: plate interaction; material properties; gravity; thermal history; climate coupling
LINEAGE: SUBSTRATE predecessors -> Glacial–interglacial cycling -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NONAGENTIC_PROCESS_SUCCESSION; attestation=Glacial geomorphology and exposure dating show strong sectoral variation.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG0_NONAGENTIC_SUBSTRATE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=primary; energy=primary; water=primary; ecology=forming; labour=not_applicable; information=measured_or_modelled; legitimacy=not_applicable
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR7_PLANETARY_DEPENDENCY
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: energy changes form or availability; no human motive is inferred from the process
EVIDENCE: Glacial geomorphology and exposure dating show strong sectoral variation.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U004; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S016
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000010 | [SUBSTRATE-010] Quaternary–present | MONSOON–WESTERLY BOUNDARY OPERATES
ENTITY: Monsoon–westerly boundary operates
ENTITY_TYPE: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Seasonally shifting Indian monsoon and mid-latitude westerly systems create a spatially uneven atmospheric control surface.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED
WORLD_BANDS: W007–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM::MONSOON_WESTERLY_BOUNDARY_OPERATES
HOST: Tibetan Plateau material, atmospheric, cryospheric and river system
CARRIER: rock, mantle, crust, sediment, water and atmospheric energy; no human agency inferred
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: plate interaction; material properties; gravity; thermal history; climate coupling
LINEAGE: SUBSTRATE predecessors -> Monsoon–westerly boundary operates -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NONAGENTIC_PROCESS_SUCCESSION; attestation=Instrumental climate, proxies and circulation models.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG0_NONAGENTIC_SUBSTRATE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=primary; energy=primary; water=primary; ecology=forming; labour=not_applicable; information=measured_or_modelled; legitimacy=not_applicable
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR7_PLANETARY_DEPENDENCY
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: energy changes form or availability; no human motive is inferred from the process
EVIDENCE: Instrumental climate, proxies and circulation models.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U003; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S018
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G001, TBT.G006

TBT.000011 | [SUBSTRATE-011] Quaternary–present | HEADWATER SYSTEM EXPORTS WATER AND SEDIMENT
ENTITY: Headwater system exports water and sediment
ENTITY_TYPE: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: The plateau feeds the Indus, Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra, Salween, Mekong, Yangtze and Yellow River systems, coupling upstream cryosphere to downstream societies.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSBOUNDARY_BASIN
WORLD_BANDS: W007–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM::HEADWATER_SYSTEM_EXPORTS_WATER_AND_SEDIMENT
HOST: Tibetan Plateau material, atmospheric, cryospheric and river system
CARRIER: rock, mantle, crust, sediment, water and atmospheric energy; no human agency inferred
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: plate interaction; material properties; gravity; thermal history; climate coupling
LINEAGE: SUBSTRATE predecessors -> Headwater system exports water and sediment -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NONAGENTIC_PROCESS_SUCCESSION; attestation=Hydrological and geomorphological observation; basin contributions vary seasonally.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG0_NONAGENTIC_SUBSTRATE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=primary; energy=primary; water=primary; ecology=forming; labour=not_applicable; information=measured_or_modelled; legitimacy=not_applicable
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR7_PLANETARY_DEPENDENCY
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Hydrological and geomorphological observation; basin contributions vary seasonally.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U004, TBT.U055; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S017, TBT.S019
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G002, TBT.G008, TBT.G013

TBT.000012 | [SUBSTRATE-012] Present substrate | ACTIVE RIFTS, FAULTS AND LANDSLIDES
ENTITY: Active rifts, faults and landslides
ENTITY_TYPE: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Ongoing convergence and east–west extension generate earthquakes, landslides and infrastructure risk; hazard is active substrate, not an episodic footnote.
TEMPORAL_FORM: LIVE_STATE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_HAZARD
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_SYSTEM::ACTIVE_RIFTS_FAULTS_AND_LANDSLIDES
HOST: Tibetan Plateau material, atmospheric, cryospheric and river system
CARRIER: rock, mantle, crust, sediment, water and atmospheric energy; no human agency inferred
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: plate interaction; material properties; gravity; thermal history; climate coupling
LINEAGE: SUBSTRATE predecessors -> Active rifts, faults and landslides -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NONAGENTIC_PROCESS_SUCCESSION; attestation=Seismology, geodesy and mapped faults.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG0_NONAGENTIC_SUBSTRATE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=primary; energy=primary; water=primary; ecology=forming; labour=not_applicable; information=measured_or_modelled; legitimacy=not_applicable
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR7_PLANETARY_DEPENDENCY
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: energy changes form or availability; no human motive is inferred from the process
EVIDENCE: Seismology, geodesy and mapped faults.
CLAIM_STATUS: LIVE_VERIFIED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U054, TBT.U059; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S127, TBT.S020
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000013 | [PLEISTOCENE-001] at least c.160 ka | BAISHIYA DENISOVAN MANDIBLE
ENTITY: Baishiya Denisovan mandible
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: A hominin mandible from Baishiya Karst Cave is dated to at least about 160,000 years ago and attributed by palaeoproteomics to a Denisovan-related population.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE
WORLD_BANDS: W010
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::BAISHIYA_DENISOVAN_MANDIBLE
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> Baishiya Denisovan mandible -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=U-series dating of carbonate crust and ancient proteins; taxonomic inference is not a modern identity.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: U-series dating of carbonate crust and ancient proteins; taxonomic inference is not a modern identity.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U005; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S022
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G031

TBT.000014 | [PLEISTOCENE-002] Middle Pleistocene | BAISHIYA CAVE OCCUPATION SEQUENCE
ENTITY: Baishiya cave occupation sequence
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Sediments and faunal remains preserve repeated hominin use of a high-altitude cave ecosystem.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE
WORLD_BANDS: W009–W011
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::BAISHIYA_CAVE_OCCUPATION_SEQUENCE
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> Baishiya cave occupation sequence -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Stratified archaeology, sediment DNA and zooarchaeology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Stratified archaeology, sediment DNA and zooarchaeology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U005; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S023, TBT.S024
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G031

TBT.000015 | [PLEISTOCENE-003] c.100–60 ka deposits | SEDIMENTARY DENISOVAN DNA
ENTITY: Sedimentary Denisovan DNA
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Mitochondrial DNA recovered from cave sediments extends the Denisovan evidence surface beyond a single fossil.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE
WORLD_BANDS: W010–W012
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::SEDIMENTARY_DENISOVAN_DNA
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> Sedimentary Denisovan DNA -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Sedimentary DNA with stratigraphic and contamination controls.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Sedimentary DNA with stratigraphic and contamination controls.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U005; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S023
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G031

TBT.000016 | [PLEISTOCENE-004] c.48–32 ka | BAISHIYA RIB AND SUBSISTENCE EVIDENCE
ENTITY: Baishiya rib and subsistence evidence
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: A hominin rib and associated animal exploitation indicate repeated high-altitude occupation and broad use of animal resources.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE
WORLD_BANDS: W013
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::BAISHIYA_RIB_AND_SUBSISTENCE_EVIDENCE
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> Baishiya rib and subsistence evidence -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Proteomics, stratigraphy, dating and cut-marked fauna.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Proteomics, stratigraphy, dating and cut-marked fauna.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U005; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S024
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G031

TBT.000017 | [PLEISTOCENE-005] c.40–30 ka | NWYA DEVU HIGH-ALTITUDE OCCUPATION
ENTITY: Nwya Devu high-altitude occupation
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: People produce and use stone tools at about 4,600 metres, establishing a secure Upper Palaeolithic high-plateau presence.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE
WORLD_BANDS: W013
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::NWYA_DEVU_HIGH_ALTITUDE_OCCUPATION
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> Nwya Devu high-altitude occupation -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Excavated stratigraphy, optically stimulated luminescence dates and lithic refits.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Excavated stratigraphy, optically stimulated luminescence dates and lithic refits.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U006; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S021
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G032, TBT.G073

TBT.000018 | [PLEISTOCENE-006] c.40–30 ka | NWYA DEVU BLADE TECHNOLOGY
ENTITY: Nwya Devu blade technology
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: A specialised lithic system carries raw material, learned reduction sequences and mobile provisioning across a severe environment.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE
WORLD_BANDS: W013
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::NWYA_DEVU_BLADE_TECHNOLOGY
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> Nwya Devu blade technology -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Lithic technological analysis and spatial context.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Lithic technological analysis and spatial context.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U006; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S021
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G032

TBT.000019 | [PLEISTOCENE-007] Late Pleistocene | HIGH-ALTITUDE USE NEED NOT EQUAL PERMANENT SETTLEMENT
ENTITY: High-altitude use need not equal permanent settlement
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Repeated or long-duration site use is kept distinct from year-round household residence across generations.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INFERENCE_BOUNDARY
WORLD_BANDS: W012–W014
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::HIGH_ALTITUDE_USE_NEED_NOT_EQUAL_PERMANENT_SETTLEMENT
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> High-altitude use need not equal permanent settlement -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Archaeological seasonality and settlement evidence remain incomplete.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Archaeological seasonality and settlement evidence remain incomplete.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_NEGATIVE_GUARDRAIL
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U006, TBT.U008; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S037, TBT.S021
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000020 | [PLEISTOCENE-008] Late Pleistocene | MICROBLADE AND MOBILITY SYSTEMS SPREAD
ENTITY: Microblade and mobility systems spread
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Microblade technologies appear across northern plateau and adjacent regions, supporting flexible toolkits without proving a single migrating people.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED
WORLD_BANDS: W013–W014
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::MICROBLADE_AND_MOBILITY_SYSTEMS_SPREAD
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> Microblade and mobility systems spread -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Lithic comparison, site chronology and raw-material study.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Lithic comparison, site chronology and raw-material study.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U011; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S038, TBT.S039
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006, TBT.G073

TBT.000021 | [PLEISTOCENE-009] Late Pleistocene–Holocene | PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION RECOMBINE
ENTITY: Physiological and cultural adaptation recombine
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Hypoxia tolerance, clothing, fire, shelter, food, cooperation and route knowledge jointly widen the survivable range.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED
WORLD_BANDS: W013–W018
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::PHYSIOLOGICAL_AND_CULTURAL_ADAPTATION_RECOMBINE
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> Physiological and cultural adaptation recombine -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Genetic, physiological and archaeological evidence; no single factor is sufficient.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Genetic, physiological and archaeological evidence; no single factor is sufficient.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U010; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S027, TBT.S037
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G079

TBT.000022 | [PLEISTOCENE-010] before c.30 ka, inferred ancestry event | DENISOVAN-LIKE EPAS1 HAPLOTYPE ENTERS ANCESTRAL POPULATIONS
ENTITY: Denisovan-like EPAS1 haplotype enters ancestral populations
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: An introgressed haplotype later associated with high-altitude adaptation enters the human population history of the plateau’s future inhabitants.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: MODEL_BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W011–W013
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::DENISOVAN_LIKE_EPAS1_HAPLOTYPE_ENTERS_ANCESTRAL_POPULATIONS
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> Denisovan-like EPAS1 haplotype enters ancestral populations -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Population-genetic inference with uncertain time and source population.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Population-genetic inference with uncertain time and source population.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U010, TBT.U005; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S027
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000023 | [PLEISTOCENE-011] 2014 CE evidence clock | EPAS1 ADAPTATION STUDY PUBLISHED
ENTITY: EPAS1 adaptation study published
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Modern genomic analysis links a Denisovan-like EPAS1 haplotype to Tibetan high-altitude adaptation; publication time is not ancient event time.
TEMPORAL_FORM: EVIDENCE_PUBLICATION
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: PUBLICATION_BOUNDARY
WORLD_BANDS: W060
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::EPAS1_ADAPTATION_STUDY_PUBLISHED
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> EPAS1 adaptation study published -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Peer-reviewed population genetics.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: EVIDENCE_DISCOVERY_CUSTODY_REVIEW
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Peer-reviewed population genetics.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U010; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S027
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000024 | [PLEISTOCENE-012] 1980 CE custody clock | XIAHE MANDIBLE ENTERS SCIENTIFIC CUSTODY
ENTITY: Xiahe mandible enters scientific custody
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: The mandible reportedly found by a monk in 1980 enters a later scientific chain of custody; find history and ancient deposition remain separate.
TEMPORAL_FORM: EVIDENCE_CUSTODY
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_OBJECT
WORLD_BANDS: W057
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::XIAHE_MANDIBLE_ENTERS_SCIENTIFIC_CUSTODY
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> Xiahe mandible enters scientific custody -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Published provenance and laboratory custody account.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Published provenance and laboratory custody account.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U005; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S022
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000025 | [PLEISTOCENE-013] 2018 CE evidence clock | NWYA DEVU STUDY PUBLISHED
ENTITY: Nwya Devu study published
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Peer review makes the c.40–30 ka occupation claim globally inspectable while preserving excavation and dating limits.
TEMPORAL_FORM: EVIDENCE_PUBLICATION
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: PUBLICATION_BOUNDARY
WORLD_BANDS: W061
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::NWYA_DEVU_STUDY_PUBLISHED
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> Nwya Devu study published -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Science publication and supplementary methods.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: EVIDENCE_DISCOVERY_CUSTODY_REVIEW
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Science publication and supplementary methods.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U006; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S021
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G032

TBT.000026 | [PLEISTOCENE-014] 2019–2024 CE evidence clock | BAISHIYA EVIDENCE STACK EXPANDS
ENTITY: Baishiya evidence stack expands
ENTITY_TYPE: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Proteomics, sediment DNA and a further hominin rib progressively enlarge the evidence graph without creating a simple lineage to modern Tibetans.
TEMPORAL_FORM: EVIDENCE_PUBLICATION
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: PUBLICATION_BOUNDARY
WORLD_BANDS: W061–W066
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_PLEISTOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_SITE
FUNCTION: SITE_OR_EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::BAISHIYA_EVIDENCE_STACK_EXPANDS
HOST: dated plateau site, mobility corridor or modern evidence-custody host
CARRIER: persons, stone and bone technologies, food remains, learned mobility and later evidence custody
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: high-altitude ecology; raw material; mobility knowledge; food; heat; social care; preservation
LINEAGE: PLEISTOCENE predecessors -> Baishiya evidence stack expands -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EVIDENTIAL; attestation=Successive Nature and Science studies.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_tools_shelter; energy=heat_metabolism; water=site_specific; ecology=high_altitude; labour=cooperative_survival; information=learned_and_preserved; legitimacy=not_inferred
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Successive Nature and Science studies.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U005; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S022, TBT.S023, TBT.S024
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G031

TBT.000027 | [HOLOCENE-001] c.9700–7000 BCE | EARLY HOLOCENE WARMING AND LAKE CHANGE
ENTITY: Early Holocene warming and lake change
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Postglacial warming reorganises snow, lakes, grasslands and route seasonality, creating opportunities and new ecological volatility.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED
WORLD_BANDS: W015–W016
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::EARLY_HOLOCENE_WARMING_AND_LAKE_CHANGE
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Early Holocene warming and lake change -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Palaeoclimate and lake records; sectors differ.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: energy changes form or availability; no human motive is inferred from the process
EVIDENCE: Palaeoclimate and lake records; sectors differ.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U003, TBT.U004; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S039, TBT.S017
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G016

TBT.000028 | [HOLOCENE-002] c.12.7–7.4 ka | CHUSANG FOOTPRINTS AND ACTIVITY SURFACE
ENTITY: Chusang footprints and activity surface
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Human traces at Chusang/Quesang show early-Holocene high-altitude presence; the dating range and inference of permanent settlement remain debated.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE_CONTESTED
WORLD_BANDS: W014–W016
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::CHUSANG_FOOTPRINTS_AND_ACTIVITY_SURFACE
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Chusang footprints and activity surface -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Footprint stratigraphy and dating models.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Footprint stratigraphy and dating models.
CLAIM_STATUS: CONTESTED_BUT_BOUNDED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U007; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S025
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G033

TBT.000029 | [HOLOCENE-003] c.5200 BP | NORTHEASTERN PLATEAU VILLAGES
ENTITY: Northeastern plateau villages
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Lower northeastern plateau sites support settled millet-farming communities before year-round occupation became widespread at the highest elevations.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_SITE_CLUSTER
WORLD_BANDS: W019
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::NORTHEASTERN_PLATEAU_VILLAGES
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Northeastern plateau villages -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Settlement, archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological evidence.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Settlement, archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological evidence.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U008; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S026, TBT.S032
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000030 | [HOLOCENE-004] c.3300–2000 BCE | ZONGRI COMMUNITIES
ENTITY: Zongri communities
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Northeastern plateau communities combine cultivation, herding, hunting and exchange; material patterns do not define a fixed ethnicity.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE_CLUSTER
WORLD_BANDS: W020–W022
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::ZONGRI_COMMUNITIES
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Zongri communities -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Burials, settlement and subsistence archaeology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Burials, settlement and subsistence archaeology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U011; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S033, TBT.S031
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G037

TBT.000031 | [HOLOCENE-005] c.3000–2000 BCE | KARUO SETTLEMENT AND SUBSISTENCE
ENTITY: Karuo settlement and subsistence
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Karuo in the eastern plateau records substantial houses, farming, gathered plants and animal use within a local ecological system.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W022
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::KARUO_SETTLEMENT_AND_SUBSISTENCE
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Karuo settlement and subsistence -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Architecture, archaeobotany and zooarchaeology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Architecture, archaeobotany and zooarchaeology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U011; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G034

TBT.000032 | [HOLOCENE-006] third millennium BCE | MILLET TRAVELS UPWARD AND WESTWARD
ENTITY: Millet travels upward and westward
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Millet-based farming moves through northeastern and eastern corridors, remaining constrained by growing-season temperature at higher elevations.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_CORRIDORS
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W022
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::MILLET_TRAVELS_UPWARD_AND_WESTWARD
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Millet travels upward and westward -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Crop remains and ecological niche models.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Crop remains and ecological niche models.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U008; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S036, TBT.S032
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000033 | [HOLOCENE-007] third–second millennium BCE | BARLEY AND WHEAT ENTER PLATEAU SYSTEMS
ENTITY: Barley and wheat enter plateau systems
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: West Eurasian crops move eastward through Inner Asian and Himalayan networks and are recombined with local subsistence.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_CORRIDORS
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W024
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::BARLEY_AND_WHEAT_ENTER_PLATEAU_SYSTEMS
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Barley and wheat enter plateau systems -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Direct crop dates, archaeobotany and comparative chronology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Direct crop dates, archaeobotany and comparative chronology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U008; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S026, TBT.S036
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G001, TBT.G006, TBT.G007

TBT.000034 | [HOLOCENE-008] from c.3600 BP | HIGH-ELEVATION AGRO-PASTORAL SETTLEMENT EXPANDS
ENTITY: High-elevation agro-pastoral settlement expands
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Cold-tolerant barley and wheat, sheep, goats and yak/cattle systems support more sustained residence above about 3,000 metres.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_THRESHOLD
WORLD_BANDS: W023–W024
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::HIGH_ELEVATION_AGRO_PASTORAL_SETTLEMENT_EXPANDS
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> High-elevation agro-pastoral settlement expands -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Site distributions and directly dated crops/animals; not a single plateau-wide first date.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Site distributions and directly dated crops/animals; not a single plateau-wide first date.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U008; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S026
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006

TBT.000035 | [HOLOCENE-009] second millennium BCE | SHEEP AND GOAT PASTORALISM SCALES MOBILITY
ENTITY: Sheep and goat pastoralism scales mobility
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Herd reproduction, wool, meat and pack logistics increase flexible use of high pastures while requiring seasonal labour and fodder.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED
WORLD_BANDS: W023–W025
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::SHEEP_AND_GOAT_PASTORALISM_SCALES_MOBILITY
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Sheep and goat pastoralism scales mobility -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Zooarchaeology and herd-demography inference.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Zooarchaeology and herd-demography inference.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U009; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S033
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000036 | [HOLOCENE-010] second millennium BCE | YAK, CATTLE AND HYBRIDS ENTER MANAGED SYSTEMS
ENTITY: Yak, cattle and hybrids enter managed systems
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Domestic yak, taurine cattle and hybridisation are directly evidenced in plateau contexts; presence does not by itself locate initial domestication.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED
WORLD_BANDS: W023–W025
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::YAK_CATTLE_AND_HYBRIDS_ENTER_MANAGED_SYSTEMS
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Yak, cattle and hybrids enter managed systems -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Ancient genomes and directly dated remains.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Ancient genomes and directly dated remains.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U009; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S030
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006

TBT.000037 | [HOLOCENE-011] second millennium BCE onward | DAIRY PROCESSING SUPPORTS WINTER SURVIVAL
ENTITY: Dairy processing supports winter survival
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Milk processing extends animal calories across seasons and becomes detectable through proteomic residues and calculus.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED
WORLD_BANDS: W023–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::DAIRY_PROCESSING_SUPPORTS_WINTER_SURVIVAL
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Dairy processing supports winter survival -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Ancient milk proteins and later ethnographic analogy, kept distinct.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: energy changes form or availability; no human motive is inferred from the process
EVIDENCE: Ancient milk proteins and later ethnographic analogy, kept distinct.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U009; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S029
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000038 | [HOLOCENE-012] c.2000–1000 BCE | QUGONG EXCHANGE NODE
ENTITY: Qugong exchange node
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Central Tibetan Qugong preserves crops, animals and material links across plateau corridors, suggesting exchange without a named Silk Road polity.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE
WORLD_BANDS: W022–W026
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::QUGONG_EXCHANGE_NODE
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Qugong exchange node -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Excavated material and comparative archaeobotany.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Excavated material and comparative archaeobotany.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U011; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S035
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G035, TBT.G077

TBT.000039 | [HOLOCENE-013] second–first millennium BCE | CHANGGUOGOU AGRICULTURAL EVIDENCE
ENTITY: Changguogou agricultural evidence
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Southern plateau crop remains register adaptation and exchange across Himalayan and plateau ecologies.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE
WORLD_BANDS: W023–W027
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::CHANGGUOGOU_AGRICULTURAL_EVIDENCE
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Changguogou agricultural evidence -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Archaeobotanical contexts and dating.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Archaeobotanical contexts and dating.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U008; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S033
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G007, TBT.G038, TBT.G050

TBT.000040 | [HOLOCENE-014] second–first millennium BCE | BANGGA HIGH-ALTITUDE SETTLEMENT
ENTITY: Bangga high-altitude settlement
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Household remains at Bangga add a high-elevation residence coordinate, but settlement duration and seasonality remain site-specific.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE
WORLD_BANDS: W023–W027
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::BANGGA_HIGH_ALTITUDE_SETTLEMENT
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Bangga high-altitude settlement -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Architecture, hearths, plant and animal remains.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Architecture, hearths, plant and animal remains.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U008; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S026
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G036, TBT.G040, TBT.G090

TBT.000041 | [HOLOCENE-015] Bronze Age | METALLURGY AND ORNAMENT EXCHANGE
ENTITY: Metallurgy and ornament exchange
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Copper-alloy objects and production knowledge circulate across plateau and neighbouring systems; artefact style does not prove one people.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED
WORLD_BANDS: W023–W027
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::METALLURGY_AND_ORNAMENT_EXCHANGE
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Metallurgy and ornament exchange -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Compositional, typological and contextual archaeology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Compositional, typological and contextual archaeology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U011; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S033
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006, TBT.G073

TBT.000042 | [HOLOCENE-016] Bronze–Iron Age | SALT, TURQUOISE AND GOLD CORRIDORS
ENTITY: Salt, turquoise and gold corridors
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: High-value materials connect western, northern and eastern plateau zones with Himalayan and Inner Asian exchange.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_CORRIDORS
WORLD_BANDS: W023–W031
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::SALT_TURQUOISE_AND_GOLD_CORRIDORS
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Salt, turquoise and gold corridors -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Mining landscapes, artefact provenance and later textual support; route intensity varies.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Mining landscapes, artefact provenance and later textual support; route intensity varies.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U011; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S041
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G007, TBT.G022, TBT.G050

TBT.000043 | [HOLOCENE-017] late second–first millennium BCE | TOMBS AND MORTUARY LANDSCAPES DIVERSIFY
ENTITY: Tombs and mortuary landscapes diversify
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Monumental and local burial forms record hierarchy, mobility and ritual difference without yielding automatic ethnic names.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED
WORLD_BANDS: W024–W031
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::TOMBS_AND_MORTUARY_LANDSCAPES_DIVERSIFY
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Tombs and mortuary landscapes diversify -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Archaeological survey, excavation and bioarchaeology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Archaeological survey, excavation and bioarchaeology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U011; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S041, TBT.S031
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000044 | [HOLOCENE-018] late prehistoric periods | ROCK-ART FIELDS ACCUMULATE
ENTITY: Rock-art fields accumulate
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Engravings and paintings preserve animal, hunting, ritual and caravan imagery, but many panels lack direct dates.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_UNDATED
WORLD_BANDS: W023–W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::ROCK_ART_FIELDS_ACCUMULATE
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Rock-art fields accumulate -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Superposition, style and limited direct dating.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Superposition, style and limited direct dating.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U012; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S041
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000045 | [HOLOCENE-019] third–first millennium BCE | POPULATION HISTORIES RECOMBINE
ENTITY: Population histories recombine
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Ancient genomes show movement and mixture across plateau and Himalayan corridors; ancestry, language and identity remain non-identical.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: SAMPLE_BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W031
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::POPULATION_HISTORIES_RECOMBINE
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Population histories recombine -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Ancient DNA models from uneven samples.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Ancient DNA models from uneven samples.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U010; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S028, TBT.S031
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G007, TBT.G050, TBT.G086

TBT.000046 | [HOLOCENE-020] 2022–2023 CE evidence clock | ANCIENT-GENOME AND SUBSISTENCE EVIDENCE EXPANDS
ENTITY: Ancient-genome and subsistence evidence expands
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: New genome, dairy and animal studies refine the prehistory graph while adding sampling, custody and consent obligations.
TEMPORAL_FORM: EVIDENCE_PUBLICATION
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: PUBLICATION_BOUNDARY
WORLD_BANDS: W064–W065
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CORRIDOR
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SUBSISTENCE_SYSTEM::ANCIENT_GENOME_AND_SUBSISTENCE_EVIDENCE_EXPANDS
HOST: site-specific plateau and Himalayan agro-pastoral networks
CARRIER: farmers, herders, foragers, animals, crops, tools, dairy practices and route knowledge
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: seasonal water; pasture; seed and herd reproduction; labour; storage; exchange; ecological knowledge
LINEAGE: HOLOCENE predecessors -> Ancient-genome and subsistence evidence expands -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_FUNCTIONAL_AND_EXCHANGE; attestation=Peer-reviewed studies and supplementary datasets.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_herds_houses; energy=biomass_labour; water=seasonal; ecology=grassland_crop_niche; labour=household_and_herd; information=agro_pastoral; legitimacy=local
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Peer-reviewed studies and supplementary datasets.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U010, TBT.U009; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S028, TBT.S029, TBT.S030
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000047 | [EARLY_POLITIES-001] first millennium BCE–early first millennium CE | WESTERN PLATEAU COMPLEXITY BEFORE SECURE NAMES
ENTITY: Western plateau complexity before secure names
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE
EVENT: Fortified, mortuary, pastoral and exchange systems show political complexity, but their names and territorial forms are incompletely attested.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_UNNAMED
WORLD_BANDS: W027–W034
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE::WESTERN_PLATEAU_COMPLEXITY_BEFORE_SECURE_NAMES
HOST: western plateau, Yarlung field and bounded textual-memory hosts
CARRIER: chiefly households, allied groups, tribute, military retainers, ritual specialists and later texts
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: lineage alliance; pasture and route control; tribute; military labour; ritual legitimacy; bounded textual memory
LINEAGE: EARLY_POLITIES predecessors -> Western plateau complexity before secure names -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_FORMATION_AND_MEMORY_HISTORY; attestation=Archaeology without contemporary self-identifying inscriptions.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_routes; energy=human_animal; water=pasture_settlement; ecology=constraining; labour=military_ritual; information=memory_sparse_text; legitimacy=lineage_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC2_MULTI_COMPONENT
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Archaeology without contemporary self-identifying inscriptions.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U011, TBT.U014; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S041
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006, TBT.G022

TBT.000048 | [EARLY_POLITIES-002] traditional 127 BCE | NYATRI TSENPO FIRST-KING COORDINATE
ENTITY: Nyatri Tsenpo first-king coordinate
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE
EVENT: Later Tibetan royal genealogies place Nyatri Tsenpo as first king in 127 BCE; this is stored as attributed memory, not secure annalistic time.
TEMPORAL_FORM: TRADITIONAL_COORDINATE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TEXTUAL_MEMORY
WORLD_BANDS: W030
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE::NYATRI_TSENPO_FIRST_KING_COORDINATE
HOST: western plateau, Yarlung field and bounded textual-memory hosts
CARRIER: chiefly households, allied groups, tribute, military retainers, ritual specialists and later texts
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: lineage alliance; pasture and route control; tribute; military labour; ritual legitimacy; bounded textual memory
LINEAGE: EARLY_POLITIES predecessors -> Nyatri Tsenpo first-king coordinate -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_FORMATION_AND_MEMORY_HISTORY; attestation=Later genealogical and religious histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_routes; energy=human_animal; water=pasture_settlement; ecology=constraining; labour=military_ritual; information=memory_sparse_text; legitimacy=lineage_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC2_MULTI_COMPONENT
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Later genealogical and religious histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: ATTRIBUTED_MEMORY
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U019, TBT.U018; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S046, TBT.S047
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040, TBT.G090

TBT.000049 | [EARLY_POLITIES-003] first centuries CE, traditional sequences | EARLY YARLUNG ROYAL GENEALOGY
ENTITY: Early Yarlung royal genealogy
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE
EVENT: Later histories preserve sequences of kings, tombs and sacred descent whose chronology cannot be made contemporary by repetition.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TEXTUAL_MEMORY
WORLD_BANDS: W032–W034
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE::EARLY_YARLUNG_ROYAL_GENEALOGY
HOST: western plateau, Yarlung field and bounded textual-memory hosts
CARRIER: chiefly households, allied groups, tribute, military retainers, ritual specialists and later texts
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: lineage alliance; pasture and route control; tribute; military labour; ritual legitimacy; bounded textual memory
LINEAGE: EARLY_POLITIES predecessors -> Early Yarlung royal genealogy -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_FORMATION_AND_MEMORY_HISTORY; attestation=Retrospective Tibetan sources and landscape traditions.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_routes; energy=human_animal; water=pasture_settlement; ecology=constraining; labour=military_ritual; information=memory_sparse_text; legitimacy=lineage_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC2_MULTI_COMPONENT
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Retrospective Tibetan sources and landscape traditions.
CLAIM_STATUS: ATTRIBUTED_MEMORY
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U018; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S045, TBT.S046
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G002, TBT.G008, TBT.G023

TBT.000050 | [EARLY_POLITIES-004] early first millennium CE | ZHANG ZHUNG TEXTUAL COORDINATE FORMS
ENTITY: Zhang Zhung textual coordinate forms
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE
EVENT: Tibetan and some external sources preserve a western political and linguistic coordinate later called Zhang Zhung; extent and organisation remain bounded.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TEXTUAL_COORDINATE
WORLD_BANDS: W032–W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE::ZHANG_ZHUNG_TEXTUAL_COORDINATE_FORMS
HOST: western plateau, Yarlung field and bounded textual-memory hosts
CARRIER: chiefly households, allied groups, tribute, military retainers, ritual specialists and later texts
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: lineage alliance; pasture and route control; tribute; military labour; ritual legitimacy; bounded textual memory
LINEAGE: EARLY_POLITIES predecessors -> Zhang Zhung textual coordinate forms -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_FORMATION_AND_MEMORY_HISTORY; attestation=Early Tibetan references read with later Bon and external records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_routes; energy=human_animal; water=pasture_settlement; ecology=constraining; labour=military_ritual; information=memory_sparse_text; legitimacy=lineage_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC2_MULTI_COMPONENT
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Early Tibetan references read with later Bon and external records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U013; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S041, TBT.S043
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040, TBT.G022, TBT.G090

TBT.000051 | [EARLY_POLITIES-005] early medieval, uncertain | YANGTONG AND ZHANG ZHUNG COMPARISON
ENTITY: Yangtong and Zhang Zhung comparison
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE
EVENT: Chinese references to Yangtong are sometimes compared with Zhang Zhung, but equivalence and geographic reach remain source-specific.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED_TEXTUAL_MAPPING
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE::YANGTONG_AND_ZHANG_ZHUNG_COMPARISON
HOST: western plateau, Yarlung field and bounded textual-memory hosts
CARRIER: chiefly households, allied groups, tribute, military retainers, ritual specialists and later texts
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: lineage alliance; pasture and route control; tribute; military labour; ritual legitimacy; bounded textual memory
LINEAGE: EARLY_POLITIES predecessors -> Yangtong and Zhang Zhung comparison -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_FORMATION_AND_MEMORY_HISTORY; attestation=Chinese dynastic geography and Tibetan philology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_routes; energy=human_animal; water=pasture_settlement; ecology=constraining; labour=military_ritual; information=memory_sparse_text; legitimacy=lineage_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC2_MULTI_COMPONENT
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Chinese dynastic geography and Tibetan philology.
CLAIM_STATUS: CONTESTED_BUT_BOUNDED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U013; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S041
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040

TBT.000052 | [EARLY_POLITIES-006] early medieval | KHYUNGLUNG AND WESTERN MONUMENTS
ENTITY: Khyunglung and western monuments
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE
EVENT: Khyunglung and other western sites are archaeological coordinates; no automatic equation with a Zhang Zhung capital is permitted.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_SITE_UNASSIGNED
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE::KHYUNGLUNG_AND_WESTERN_MONUMENTS
HOST: western plateau, Yarlung field and bounded textual-memory hosts
CARRIER: chiefly households, allied groups, tribute, military retainers, ritual specialists and later texts
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: lineage alliance; pasture and route control; tribute; military labour; ritual legitimacy; bounded textual memory
LINEAGE: EARLY_POLITIES predecessors -> Khyunglung and western monuments -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_FORMATION_AND_MEMORY_HISTORY; attestation=Survey, architecture and later place-memory.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_routes; energy=human_animal; water=pasture_settlement; ecology=constraining; labour=military_ritual; information=memory_sparse_text; legitimacy=lineage_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_1_SETTLEMENT_SURPLUS; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC2_MULTI_COMPONENT
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Survey, architecture and later place-memory.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_NEGATIVE_GUARDRAIL
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U014; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S041
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040, TBT.G022

TBT.000053 | [EARLY_POLITIES-007] early textual fragments | ZHANG ZHUNG LANGUAGE EVIDENCE
ENTITY: Zhang Zhung language evidence
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE
EVENT: A small corpus of words, names and bilingual material supports a language coordinate without defining population size, territory or modern identity.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CORPUS_BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE::ZHANG_ZHUNG_LANGUAGE_EVIDENCE
HOST: western plateau, Yarlung field and bounded textual-memory hosts
CARRIER: chiefly households, allied groups, tribute, military retainers, ritual specialists and later texts
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: lineage alliance; pasture and route control; tribute; military labour; ritual legitimacy; bounded textual memory
LINEAGE: EARLY_POLITIES predecessors -> Zhang Zhung language evidence -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_FORMATION_AND_MEMORY_HISTORY; attestation=Philology and manuscript witnesses.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_routes; energy=human_animal; water=pasture_settlement; ecology=constraining; labour=military_ritual; information=memory_sparse_text; legitimacy=lineage_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC2_MULTI_COMPONENT
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Philology and manuscript witnesses.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U016; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S043
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040, TBT.G086, TBT.G090

TBT.000054 | [EARLY_POLITIES-008] later surviving evidence | ZHANG ZHUNG SCRIPT CLAIMS
ENTITY: Zhang Zhung script claims
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE
EVENT: Systematised scripts labelled Zhang Zhung in later traditions are not projected into antiquity without an early witness.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LATE_WITNESS
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W061
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE::ZHANG_ZHUNG_SCRIPT_CLAIMS
HOST: western plateau, Yarlung field and bounded textual-memory hosts
CARRIER: chiefly households, allied groups, tribute, military retainers, ritual specialists and later texts
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: lineage alliance; pasture and route control; tribute; military labour; ritual legitimacy; bounded textual memory
LINEAGE: EARLY_POLITIES predecessors -> Zhang Zhung script claims -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_FORMATION_AND_MEMORY_HISTORY; attestation=Manuscript and palaeographic chronology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_routes; energy=human_animal; water=pasture_settlement; ecology=constraining; labour=military_ritual; information=memory_sparse_text; legitimacy=lineage_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC2_MULTI_COMPONENT
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Manuscript and palaeographic chronology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_NEGATIVE_GUARDRAIL
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U017; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S044
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040

TBT.000055 | [EARLY_POLITIES-009] later Bon textual memory | ZHANG ZHUNG–BON ASSOCIATION
ENTITY: Zhang Zhung–Bon association
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE
EVENT: Bon histories preserve Zhang Zhung as a sacred and linguistic memory field; religion, polity and later institution remain separate entities.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TEXTUAL_MEMORY
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W061
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE::ZHANG_ZHUNG_BON_ASSOCIATION
HOST: western plateau, Yarlung field and bounded textual-memory hosts
CARRIER: chiefly households, allied groups, tribute, military retainers, ritual specialists and later texts
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: lineage alliance; pasture and route control; tribute; military labour; ritual legitimacy; bounded textual memory
LINEAGE: EARLY_POLITIES predecessors -> Zhang Zhung–Bon association -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_FORMATION_AND_MEMORY_HISTORY; attestation=Bon histories, treasure texts and critical scholarship.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_routes; energy=human_animal; water=pasture_settlement; ecology=constraining; labour=military_ritual; information=memory_sparse_text; legitimacy=lineage_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC2_MULTI_COMPONENT
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Bon histories, treasure texts and critical scholarship.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U015; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S042, TBT.S044
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040

TBT.000056 | [EARLY_POLITIES-010] c.6th century CE | YARLUNG CONSOLIDATION ACCELERATES
ENTITY: Yarlung consolidation accelerates
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE
EVENT: Yarlung rulers increase alliance, military and tribute capacity in the southern plateau, preparing but not predetermining empire.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_POLITY
WORLD_BANDS: W034
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE::YARLUNG_CONSOLIDATION_ACCELERATES
HOST: western plateau, Yarlung field and bounded textual-memory hosts
CARRIER: chiefly households, allied groups, tribute, military retainers, ritual specialists and later texts
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: lineage alliance; pasture and route control; tribute; military labour; ritual legitimacy; bounded textual memory
LINEAGE: EARLY_POLITIES predecessors -> Yarlung consolidation accelerates -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_FORMATION_AND_MEMORY_HISTORY; attestation=Later annals, royal genealogy and external synchronisms.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_routes; energy=human_animal; water=pasture_settlement; ecology=constraining; labour=military_ritual; information=memory_sparse_text; legitimacy=lineage_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC2_MULTI_COMPONENT
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Later annals, royal genealogy and external synchronisms.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U018; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S048, TBT.S047
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G002, TBT.G008, TBT.G023

TBT.000057 | [EARLY_POLITIES-011] late 6th–early 7th century | NAMRI SONGTSEN EXPANDS YARLUNG POWER
ENTITY: Namri Songtsen expands Yarlung power
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE
EVENT: Namri Songtsen consolidates alliances and military reach before his death in revolt, leaving an unstable but enlarged host.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_POLITY
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE::NAMRI_SONGTSEN_EXPANDS_YARLUNG_POWER
HOST: western plateau, Yarlung field and bounded textual-memory hosts
CARRIER: chiefly households, allied groups, tribute, military retainers, ritual specialists and later texts
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: lineage alliance; pasture and route control; tribute; military labour; ritual legitimacy; bounded textual memory
LINEAGE: EARLY_POLITIES predecessors -> Namri Songtsen expands Yarlung power -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_FORMATION_AND_MEMORY_HISTORY; attestation=Old Tibetan annalistic tradition and later histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_routes; energy=human_animal; water=pasture_settlement; ecology=constraining; labour=military_ritual; information=memory_sparse_text; legitimacy=lineage_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC2_MULTI_COMPONENT
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Old Tibetan annalistic tradition and later histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U018; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S048
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G002, TBT.G008, TBT.G023

TBT.000058 | [EARLY_POLITIES-012] c.643–644 CE | ZHANG ZHUNG INCORPORATED INTO TIBETAN IMPERIAL FIELD
ENTITY: Zhang Zhung incorporated into Tibetan imperial field
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE
EVENT: Imperial Tibetan power defeats or absorbs a western Zhang Zhung polity according to bounded textual evidence; the event does not identify every western site or later Bon community.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TEXTUAL_POLITICAL_BOUNDARY
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_MILLENNIAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: POLITY_OR_MEMORY_COORDINATE::ZHANG_ZHUNG_INCORPORATED_INTO_TIBETAN_IMPERIAL_FIELD
HOST: western plateau, Yarlung field and bounded textual-memory hosts
CARRIER: chiefly households, allied groups, tribute, military retainers, ritual specialists and later texts
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: lineage alliance; pasture and route control; tribute; military labour; ritual legitimacy; bounded textual memory
LINEAGE: EARLY_POLITIES predecessors -> Zhang Zhung incorporated into Tibetan imperial field -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_FORMATION_AND_MEMORY_HISTORY; attestation=Old Tibetan and later historical sources, with contested detail.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_routes; energy=human_animal; water=pasture_settlement; ecology=constraining; labour=military_ritual; information=memory_sparse_text; legitimacy=lineage_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR2_LOCAL_MULTI_HOST
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC2_MULTI_COMPONENT
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Old Tibetan and later historical sources, with contested detail.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U013, TBT.U014; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S048, TBT.S041
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040, TBT.G022, TBT.G052

TBT.000059 | [EMPIRE-001] c.618 CE | SONGTSEN GAMPO SUCCEEDS
ENTITY: Songtsen Gampo succeeds
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Songtsen Gampo takes power after Namri Songtsen’s death and suppresses internal opposition, converting a volatile Yarlung host into an expanding state.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DYNASTIC_POLITY
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::SONGTSEN_GAMPO_SUCCEEDS
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Songtsen Gampo succeeds -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Old Tibetan annals and later histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Old Tibetan annals and later histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U018; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S048, TBT.S047
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G002, TBT.G008, TBT.G023

TBT.000060 | [EMPIRE-002] c.620s–640s | IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATION CONSOLIDATES
ENTITY: Imperial administration consolidates
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Court, military, tribute and alliance systems scale beyond the Yarlung Valley through graded incorporation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_IMPERIAL
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::IMPERIAL_ADMINISTRATION_CONSOLIDATES
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Imperial administration consolidates -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Annals, inscriptions and later administrative analogies.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Annals, inscriptions and later administrative analogies.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U027; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S048, TBT.S051
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G023, TBT.G002, TBT.G006

TBT.000061 | [EMPIRE-003] 7th century, traditional attribution | TIBETAN SCRIPT FORMATION MEMORY
ENTITY: Tibetan script formation memory
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tradition credits Thonmi Sambhota under Songtsen Gampo with designing Tibetan writing after Indian study; authorship and exact date are later memories.
TEMPORAL_FORM: TRADITIONAL_COORDINATE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TEXTUAL_MEMORY
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::TIBETAN_SCRIPT_FORMATION_MEMORY
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Tibetan script formation memory -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Later Tibetan histories compared with earliest surviving inscriptions and manuscripts.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Later Tibetan histories compared with earliest surviving inscriptions and manuscripts.
CLAIM_STATUS: ATTRIBUTED_MEMORY_WITH_SECURE_LATER_SCRIPT
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U021; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S056, TBT.S051
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G001

TBT.000062 | [EMPIRE-004] 7th–8th centuries | TIBETAN WRITING BECOMES ADMINISTRATIVELY REPRODUCIBLE
ENTITY: Tibetan writing becomes administratively reproducible
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: An orthographic system supports edicts, census, contracts, treaties, translation and historical memory across multiple hosts.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_DOCUMENTARY
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::TIBETAN_WRITING_BECOMES_ADMINISTRATIVELY_REPRODUCIBLE
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Tibetan writing becomes administratively reproducible -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Inscriptions and Old Tibetan manuscripts.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Inscriptions and Old Tibetan manuscripts.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U021; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S051, TBT.S054
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000063 | [EMPIRE-005] traditional 7th century | BHRIKUTI MARRIAGE NARRATIVE
ENTITY: Bhrikuti marriage narrative
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Later tradition links Nepalese princess Bhrikuti to Songtsen Gampo and Buddhist foundations; historicity is retained as contested, unlike better-attested Tang diplomacy.
TEMPORAL_FORM: TRADITIONAL_COORDINATE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TEXTUAL_MEMORY_CONTESTED
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::BHRIKUTI_MARRIAGE_NARRATIVE
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Bhrikuti marriage narrative -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Later Tibetan and Nepalese narratives; no contemporary equivalent to Tang annals.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Later Tibetan and Nepalese narratives; no contemporary equivalent to Tang annals.
CLAIM_STATUS: ATTRIBUTED_MEMORY
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U020; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S056
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G045

TBT.000064 | [EMPIRE-006] 641 CE | PRINCESS WENCHENG MARRIAGE ALLIANCE
ENTITY: Princess Wencheng marriage alliance
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tang princess Wencheng arrives in Tibet within a dynastic alliance, moving persons, objects and ritual knowledge across a China–Tibet interface.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_COURT
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::PRINCESS_WENCHENG_MARRIAGE_ALLIANCE
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Princess Wencheng marriage alliance -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Chinese dynastic records and Tibetan memory traditions.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Chinese dynastic records and Tibetan memory traditions.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S047, TBT.S056
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G045, TBT.G073

TBT.000065 | [EMPIRE-007] 7th century | JOKHANG AND LHASA RITUAL CENTRE
ENTITY: Jokhang and Lhasa ritual centre
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Royal patronage establishes or enlarges major Buddhist ritual sites in Lhasa; construction history and later rebuilding remain layered.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::JOKHANG_AND_LHASA_RITUAL_CENTRE
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Jokhang and Lhasa ritual centre -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Architecture, inscription, ritual history and later renovation evidence.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Architecture, inscription, ritual history and later renovation evidence.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U020; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S056, TBT.S045
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G045

TBT.000066 | [EMPIRE-008] 7th century | INDIA–NEPAL–CHINA BUDDHIST OBJECTS RECOMBINE
ENTITY: India–Nepal–China Buddhist objects recombine
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Texts, images, artisans and ritual narratives enter an imperial Tibetan host through multiple routes rather than one civilising sender.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_INTERFACE
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::INDIA_NEPAL_CHINA_BUDDHIST_OBJECTS_RECOMBINE
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> India–Nepal–China Buddhist objects recombine -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Material, textual and diplomatic evidence.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Material, textual and diplomatic evidence.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U020; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S056
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G063, TBT.G067

TBT.000067 | [EMPIRE-009] 649–650 CE | SONGTSEN GAMPO DIES
ENTITY: Songtsen Gampo dies
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Imperial authority passes to a young successor and regency structures, testing whether administration survives a ruler’s death.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DYNASTIC_POLITY
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::SONGTSEN_GAMPO_DIES
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Songtsen Gampo dies -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Old Tibetan annals and Chinese chronicle synchronisms.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Old Tibetan annals and Chinese chronicle synchronisms.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S048
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G063, TBT.G077

TBT.000068 | [EMPIRE-010] c.650s–670s | GAR CLAN REGENCY AND EXPANSION
ENTITY: Gar clan regency and expansion
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: The Gar ministerial lineage operates military and diplomatic capabilities across succession, showing that empire is not reducible to royal biography.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: IMPERIAL_OFFICE
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::GAR_CLAN_REGENCY_AND_EXPANSION
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Gar clan regency and expansion -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Annals, Chinese histories and frontier records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Annals, Chinese histories and frontier records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U027; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S053, TBT.S048
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G043, TBT.G078

TBT.000069 | [EMPIRE-011] 663 CE | TUYUHUN POWER BROKEN
ENTITY: Tuyuhun power broken
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tibetan forces defeat and absorb much of the Tuyuhun political field, expanding access toward Qinghai and Central Asian corridors.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_MILITARY
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::TUYUHUN_POWER_BROKEN
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Tuyuhun power broken -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Chinese and Tibetan historical sources.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Chinese and Tibetan historical sources.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U027; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S053
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G077, TBT.G082

TBT.000070 | [EMPIRE-012] 670 CE | DAFEI RIVER CONFLICT
ENTITY: Dafei River conflict
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A major Tang–Tibet battle in the Qinghai frontier contributes to Tibetan advantage in western corridors without fixing a permanent border.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: FRONTIER_BATTLE
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::DAFEI_RIVER_CONFLICT
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Dafei River conflict -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Tang histories and military chronology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tang histories and military chronology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U027; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S053
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G013, TBT.G022, TBT.G045

TBT.000071 | [EMPIRE-013] 670s CE | TARIM BASIN IMPERIAL REACH
ENTITY: Tarim Basin imperial reach
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tibetan armies and administrators contest oasis routes with Tang and local powers; control changes by oasis, year and garrison.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CORRIDOR_GRADED
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::TARIM_BASIN_IMPERIAL_REACH
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Tarim Basin imperial reach -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Chinese histories and Old Tibetan documents.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Chinese histories and Old Tibetan documents.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U027; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S053, TBT.S054
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G030, TBT.G017, TBT.G045

TBT.000072 | [EMPIRE-014] 692 CE | TANG RECOVERS FOUR GARRISONS
ENTITY: Tang recovers Four Garrisons
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tang forces retake key Tarim garrisons, demonstrating reversible frontier control rather than a one-direction imperial expansion.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CORRIDOR_GRADED
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::TANG_RECOVERS_FOUR_GARRISONS
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Tang recovers Four Garrisons -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Chinese military histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Chinese military histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U027; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S053
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G030, TBT.G045, TBT.G052

TBT.000073 | [EMPIRE-015] 704 CE | TRI DUSONG DIES IN FRONTIER CONFLICT
ENTITY: Tri Dusong dies in frontier conflict
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Royal death on campaign exposes succession and military dependency while imperial institutions continue under new control coalitions.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DYNASTIC_FRONTIER
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::TRI_DUSONG_DIES_IN_FRONTIER_CONFLICT
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Tri Dusong dies in frontier conflict -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Old Tibetan Annals and Chinese sources.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Old Tibetan Annals and Chinese sources.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S048
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G063, TBT.G078

TBT.000074 | [EMPIRE-016] c.704–755 CE | ME AGTSOM REIGN
ENTITY: Me Agtsom reign
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: The court balances aristocratic factions, Tang relations and expanding Buddhist patronage across a still-militarised imperial host.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DYNASTIC_POLITY
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::ME_AGTSOM_REIGN
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Me Agtsom reign -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Old Tibetan annals, inscriptions and later Buddhist histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Old Tibetan annals, inscriptions and later Buddhist histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S048, TBT.S056
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G045, TBT.G052, TBT.G063

TBT.000075 | [EMPIRE-017] 710 CE | PRINCESS JINCHENG MARRIAGE ALLIANCE
ENTITY: Princess Jincheng marriage alliance
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A second Tang princess enters the Tibetan court, sustaining diplomatic and Buddhist exchange without ending warfare.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_COURT
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::PRINCESS_JINCHENG_MARRIAGE_ALLIANCE
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Princess Jincheng marriage alliance -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Tang records and Tibetan traditions.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Tang records and Tibetan traditions.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S047
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G045

TBT.000076 | [EMPIRE-018] 755 CE | TRISONG DETSEN’S REIGN BEGINS AMID COURT CONFLICT
ENTITY: Trisong Detsen’s reign begins amid court conflict
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A new reign follows Me Agtsom’s violent death; military expansion and Buddhist institution-building proceed together.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DYNASTIC_POLITY
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::TRISONG_DETSEN_S_REIGN_BEGINS_AMID_COURT_CONFLICT
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Trisong Detsen’s reign begins amid court conflict -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Annals and later religious narratives.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Annals and later religious narratives.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S048, TBT.S057
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000077 | [EMPIRE-019] 755–763 CE | AN LUSHAN CRISIS ALTERS TANG FRONTIER CAPACITY
ENTITY: An Lushan crisis alters Tang frontier capacity
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Internal Tang rebellion reallocates military capacity, allowing Tibetan forces to expand in Hexi and toward the capital; correlation is not sole cause.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_CAUSAL
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::AN_LUSHAN_CRISIS_ALTERS_TANG_FRONTIER_CAPACITY
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> An Lushan crisis alters Tang frontier capacity -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Tang and Tibetan military chronology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tang and Tibetan military chronology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U027; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S053
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G045

TBT.000078 | [EMPIRE-020] 763 CE | BRIEF TIBETAN OCCUPATION OF CHANG’AN
ENTITY: Brief Tibetan occupation of Chang’an
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tibetan forces enter Chang’an and install a short-lived claimant before withdrawing; this is a brief occupation, not durable Tibetan rule of China.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_OCCUPATION
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::BRIEF_TIBETAN_OCCUPATION_OF_CHANG_AN
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Brief Tibetan occupation of Chang’an -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Tang annals and comparative histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tang annals and comparative histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U028; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S053
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G073

TBT.000079 | [EMPIRE-021] 760s–780s CE | HEXI CORRIDOR CONTROL EXPANDS
ENTITY: Hexi corridor control expands
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Imperial Tibet gains graded control over sections of the Gansu corridor, taxing and administering multilingual communities.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CORRIDOR_GRADED
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::HEXI_CORRIDOR_CONTROL_EXPANDS
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Hexi corridor control expands -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Chinese histories, inscriptions and Dunhuang documents.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Chinese histories, inscriptions and Dunhuang documents.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U027; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S054, TBT.S055
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G063

TBT.000080 | [EMPIRE-022] c.775–779 CE | SAMYE MONASTERY FOUNDED AND CONSECRATED
ENTITY: Samye monastery founded and consecrated
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Royal sponsorship creates a durable monastic, translation and ordination host; exact foundation and consecration dates vary.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::SAMYE_MONASTERY_FOUNDED_AND_CONSECRATED
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Samye monastery founded and consecrated -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=dBa’ bzhed layers, later histories, architecture and archaeology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: dBa’ bzhed layers, later histories, architecture and archaeology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U022; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S057, TBT.S056
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G046, TBT.G087

TBT.000081 | [EMPIRE-023] late 8th century | ŚĀNTARAKṢITA TEACHING AND ORDINATION LINEAGE
ENTITY: Śāntarakṣita teaching and ordination lineage
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Indian monastic and philosophical personnel help establish an ordination and scholastic reproduction system at Samye.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_LINEAGE
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::S_A_NTARAKS_ITA_TEACHING_AND_ORDINATION_LINEAGE
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Śāntarakṣita teaching and ordination lineage -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan narrative sources with hagiographic controls.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Tibetan narrative sources with hagiographic controls.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U022; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S057, TBT.S056
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G001, TBT.G046, TBT.G087

TBT.000082 | [EMPIRE-024] late 8th century | PADMASAMBHAVA MEMORY AND RITUAL TRANSMISSION
ENTITY: Padmasambhava memory and ritual transmission
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A historical teacher coordinate becomes the host for extensive later ritual, treasure and hagiographic lineages; layers remain separated.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TEXTUAL_AND_RITUAL_LINEAGE
WORLD_BANDS: W035–W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::PADMASAMBHAVA_MEMORY_AND_RITUAL_TRANSMISSION
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Padmasambhava memory and ritual transmission -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Early references and progressively later biographies.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Early references and progressively later biographies.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U024; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S057, TBT.S058
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040, TBT.G086, TBT.G090

TBT.000083 | [EMPIRE-025] late 8th century, disputed | SAMYE DEBATE NARRATIVE
ENTITY: Samye debate narrative
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Accounts frame a contest involving Indian gradualist and Chinese Chan positions, but participants, format and outcome are source-layered and politically reused.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED_TEXTUAL_EVENT
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::SAMYE_DEBATE_NARRATIVE
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Samye debate narrative -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan, Dunhuang and later sectarian narratives.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Tibetan, Dunhuang and later sectarian narratives.
CLAIM_STATUS: CONTESTED_BUT_BOUNDED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U023; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S058, TBT.S057
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G001, TBT.G046

TBT.000084 | [EMPIRE-026] late 8th century | IMPERIAL BUDDHIST PATRONAGE FORMALISES
ENTITY: Imperial Buddhist patronage formalises
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Edicts and court support protect monasteries and translation while coexisting with non-Buddhist ritual, aristocratic interests and military extraction.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: IMPERIAL_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::IMPERIAL_BUDDHIST_PATRONAGE_FORMALISES
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Imperial Buddhist patronage formalises -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Inscriptions, edicts and narrative sources.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Inscriptions, edicts and narrative sources.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S051, TBT.S056
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G063

TBT.000085 | [EMPIRE-027] 786 CE | DUNHUANG ENTERS TIBETAN ADMINISTRATION
ENTITY: Dunhuang enters Tibetan administration
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tibetan imperial authorities take Dunhuang and operate taxation, household registration, contracts and multilingual administration.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_ADMINISTRATIVE
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::DUNHUANG_ENTERS_TIBETAN_ADMINISTRATION
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Dunhuang enters Tibetan administration -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Dunhuang manuscripts and Chinese historical chronology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Dunhuang manuscripts and Chinese historical chronology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U027; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S054, TBT.S055
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G029, TBT.G052, TBT.G063

TBT.000086 | [EMPIRE-028] late 8th–mid-9th century | DUNHUANG HOUSEHOLD AND TAX RECORDS
ENTITY: Dunhuang household and tax records
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Documents expose census, corvée, debt, land and military supply at Receiver scale rather than only royal narrative.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_DOCUMENTARY
WORLD_BANDS: W035–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::DUNHUANG_HOUSEHOLD_AND_TAX_RECORDS
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Dunhuang household and tax records -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Contracts and administrative manuscripts with provenance controls.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Contracts and administrative manuscripts with provenance controls.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S054, TBT.S055
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G029

TBT.000087 | [EMPIRE-029] late 8th–mid-9th century | OLD TIBETAN CONTRACTS AND LAW
ENTITY: Old Tibetan contracts and law
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Written agreements reproduce property, obligation and dispute handling across officials and households.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_DOCUMENTARY
WORLD_BANDS: W035–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::OLD_TIBETAN_CONTRACTS_AND_LAW
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Old Tibetan contracts and law -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Contracts, legal fragments and administrative manuals.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Contracts, legal fragments and administrative manuals.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S054
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G078

TBT.000088 | [EMPIRE-030] 783 CE | QINGSHUI TREATY
ENTITY: Qingshui treaty
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tang and Tibet negotiate a boundary and peace arrangement whose implementation is later disrupted; treaty, enforcement and duration remain separate clocks.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::QINGSHUI_TREATY
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Qingshui treaty -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Chinese histories and diplomatic records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Chinese histories and diplomatic records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U027; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S053
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G045

TBT.000089 | [EMPIRE-031] c.815–838 CE | RALPACHEN REIGN AND TRANSLATION SPONSORSHIP
ENTITY: Ralpachen reign and translation sponsorship
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Royal patronage supports monasteries, translators and terminology standardisation while fiscal and aristocratic tensions remain active.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DYNASTIC_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::RALPACHEN_REIGN_AND_TRANSLATION_SPONSORSHIP
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Ralpachen reign and translation sponsorship -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Inscriptions, catalogues and later histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Inscriptions, catalogues and later histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S056, TBT.S051
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000090 | [EMPIRE-032] early 9th century | MAHĀVYUTPATTI TERMINOLOGY STANDARDISATION
ENTITY: Mahāvyutpatti terminology standardisation
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A Sanskrit–Tibetan lexicon and translation rules reduce terminological drift and make textual capability portable across teams and generations.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DOCUMENTARY_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::MAHA_VYUTPATTI_TERMINOLOGY_STANDARDISATION
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Mahāvyutpatti terminology standardisation -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Lexicographic manuscripts and translation history.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Lexicographic manuscripts and translation history.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S056
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040

TBT.000091 | [EMPIRE-033] 821–822 CE | TANG–TIBET TREATY AND LHASA PILLAR
ENTITY: Tang–Tibet treaty and Lhasa pillar
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A negotiated settlement is inscribed in Tibetan and Chinese; the pillar is a high-rung treaty witness but not a timeless modern title deed.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EPIGRAPHIC_TREATY
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::TANG_TIBET_TREATY_AND_LHASA_PILLAR
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Tang–Tibet treaty and Lhasa pillar -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Surviving inscription, critical editions and diplomatic context.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Surviving inscription, critical editions and diplomatic context.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U029; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S052, TBT.S051
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G045, TBT.G004, TBT.G024

TBT.000092 | [EMPIRE-034] c.838–842 CE | LANG DARMA REIGN
ENTITY: Lang Darma reign
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Court conflict and reduction of some Buddhist patronage enter later memory as persecution; scale and mechanism remain disputed.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DYNASTIC_POLITY
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::LANG_DARMA_REIGN
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Lang Darma reign -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Later histories and limited contemporary evidence.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Later histories and limited contemporary evidence.
CLAIM_STATUS: CONTESTED_BUT_BOUNDED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U025; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S056, TBT.S047
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000093 | [EMPIRE-035] c.842 CE | LANG DARMA ASSASSINATION AND SUCCESSION CRISIS
ENTITY: Lang Darma assassination and succession crisis
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Royal assassination intensifies succession conflict and weakens the central fiscal-military host.
TEMPORAL_FORM: APPROXIMATE_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DYNASTIC_CRISIS
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::LANG_DARMA_ASSASSINATION_AND_SUCCESSION_CRISIS
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Lang Darma assassination and succession crisis -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Later histories and reconstructed chronology.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Later histories and reconstructed chronology.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U026; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S047, TBT.S046
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G077, TBT.G078

TBT.000094 | [EMPIRE-036] 842–866 CE | IMPERIAL FISSION
ENTITY: Imperial fission
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Regional commanders, royal branches, monasteries and local communities retain or remake capabilities as central imperial control fragments.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_FISSION
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::IMPERIAL_FISSION
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Imperial fission -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Regional texts, Dunhuang chronology and institutional survival.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Regional texts, Dunhuang chronology and institutional survival.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U026; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S059, TBT.S047
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G063, TBT.G077

TBT.000095 | [EMPIRE-037] 848 CE onward | HEXI AND OASIS CONTROL RECEDES
ENTITY: Hexi and oasis control recedes
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Local revolts and rival forces displace Tibetan imperial administration in parts of the Gansu corridor; language and communities do not vanish instantly.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CORRIDOR_GRADED
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_EVENT_OR_INSTITUTION::HEXI_AND_OASIS_CONTROL_RECEDES
HOST: Tibetan imperial court, graded frontier, garrison, document and monastery hosts
CARRIER: imperial officials, soldiers, households, monks, scribes, envoys, taxes, texts, animals and material supply
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: army; horse and pack logistics; grain and pasture; census; writing; translation; tribute; alliances; pass seasonality
LINEAGE: EMPIRE predecessors -> Hexi and oasis control recedes -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=POLITICAL_MILITARY_INFORMATION_INTERFACE; attestation=Chinese histories and Dunhuang documents.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=grain_horses_tribute; energy=labour_transport; water=route_dependency; ecology=frontier_cost; labour=tax_corvee_army; information=script_census_translation; legitimacy=royal_ritual
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Chinese histories and Dunhuang documents.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U027, TBT.U026; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S054, TBT.S053
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G063, TBT.G077

TBT.000096 | [RENAISSANCE-001] 9th–10th centuries | POST-IMPERIAL REGIONALISATION
ENTITY: Post-imperial regionalisation
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Royal branches, local aristocracies, monastic remnants and community ritual hosts operate on unsynchronised regional clocks after imperial fission.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_FISSION
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::POST_IMPERIAL_REGIONALISATION
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Post-imperial regionalisation -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Regional chronicles, genealogies, archaeology and institutional continuities.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Regional chronicles, genealogies, archaeology and institutional continuities.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U026; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S059, TBT.S047
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G063, TBT.G087

TBT.000097 | [RENAISSANCE-002] 9th–10th centuries | CENTRAL MONASTIC ORDINATION CONTRACTS
ENTITY: Central monastic ordination contracts
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Some ordination lineages weaken or migrate while lay ritual, manuscripts and local temples preserve selected capabilities.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::CENTRAL_MONASTIC_ORDINATION_CONTRACTS
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Central monastic ordination contracts -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Later lineage histories and manuscript evidence.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Later lineage histories and manuscript evidence.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U026; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S059, TBT.S056
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G077, TBT.G087

TBT.000098 | [RENAISSANCE-003] 10th century | NGARI KORSUM WESTERN POLITICAL FIELD
ENTITY: Ngari Korsum western political field
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Western royal descendants create interacting Guge, Purang and related hosts linking plateau, Himalayan and Indian corridors.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_POLITY
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::NGARI_KORSUM_WESTERN_POLITICAL_FIELD
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Ngari Korsum western political field -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Western Tibetan chronicles, inscriptions and monuments.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Western Tibetan chronicles, inscriptions and monuments.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S060
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G022, TBT.G048, TBT.G001

TBT.000099 | [RENAISSANCE-004] late 10th century | YESHE Ö PATRONAGE PROGRAMME
ENTITY: Yeshe Ö patronage programme
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Western Tibetan royal patronage finances translators, temples and study routes, coupling religious reform to political resources.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::YESHE_O_PATRONAGE_PROGRAMME
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Yeshe Ö patronage programme -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Chronicles, inscriptions and monastic foundations.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Chronicles, inscriptions and monastic foundations.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S060, TBT.S059
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G022, TBT.G080

TBT.000100 | [RENAISSANCE-005] 958–1055 CE | RINCHEN ZANGPO TRANSLATION LIFE
ENTITY: Rinchen Zangpo translation life
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Rinchen Zangpo and associated teams move between western Tibet, Kashmir and northern India, translating texts and transmitting art and ritual systems.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_LIFESPAN
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_PERSON_NETWORK
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::RINCHEN_ZANGPO_TRANSLATION_LIFE
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Rinchen Zangpo translation life -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Biographical, inscriptional and art-historical evidence with hagiographic controls.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Biographical, inscriptional and art-historical evidence with hagiographic controls.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S061, TBT.S059
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006, TBT.G022, TBT.G068

TBT.000101 | [RENAISSANCE-006] 996 CE | TOLING MONASTERY FOUNDED
ENTITY: Toling monastery founded
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A western Tibetan monastic host concentrates translation, patronage, ritual and artistic production.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::TOLING_MONASTERY_FOUNDED
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Toling monastery founded -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Foundation history, architecture and inscriptions.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Foundation history, architecture and inscriptions.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S060
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G022, TBT.G049, TBT.G087

TBT.000102 | [RENAISSANCE-007] 996 CE | TABO MONASTERY CROSS-HIMALAYAN HOST
ENTITY: Tabo monastery cross-Himalayan host
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tabo’s temple complex materialises a western Tibetan–Himalayan knowledge and art route; it remains in Object 25/India geography rather than being absorbed into Tibet.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CROSS_OBJECT_SITE
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::TABO_MONASTERY_CROSS_HIMALAYAN_HOST
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Tabo monastery cross-Himalayan host -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Inscriptions, architecture and art history.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Inscriptions, architecture and art history.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S061, TBT.S060
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G050, TBT.G007, TBT.G022

TBT.000103 | [RENAISSANCE-008] late 10th–11th centuries | NEW TRANSLATION TEAMS FORM
ENTITY: New translation teams form
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Indian, Kashmiri, Nepalese and Tibetan scholars create reproducible translation lineages with new terminologies, initiation systems and textual corpora.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_NETWORK
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::NEW_TRANSLATION_TEAMS_FORM
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> New translation teams form -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Colophons, biographies and surviving textual witnesses.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Colophons, biographies and surviving textual witnesses.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S059
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G001, TBT.G006, TBT.G040

TBT.000104 | [RENAISSANCE-009] 1042 CE | ATIŚA ARRIVES IN WESTERN TIBET
ENTITY: Atiśa arrives in western Tibet
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: The Bengali monastic scholar Atiśa enters a western Tibetan patronage host and later teaches in central Tibet.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_PERSON
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::ATIS_A_ARRIVES_IN_WESTERN_TIBET
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Atiśa arrives in western Tibet -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Biographical and lineage sources, critically edited.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Biographical and lineage sources, critically edited.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S062, TBT.S059
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G022, TBT.G077, TBT.G087

TBT.000105 | [RENAISSANCE-010] 1040s–1050s CE | KADAM TEACHING NETWORK FORMS
ENTITY: Kadam teaching network forms
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Atiśa and Dromtönpa’s teaching lineages organise study, ethical discipline and textual reproduction beyond one court.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::KADAM_TEACHING_NETWORK_FORMS
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Kadam teaching network forms -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Biographies, doctrinal texts and institutional histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Biographies, doctrinal texts and institutional histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S062, TBT.S071
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040

TBT.000106 | [RENAISSANCE-011] 1057 CE | RETING MONASTERY FOUNDED
ENTITY: Reting monastery founded
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Reting becomes an institutional host for Kadam teaching and later political-religious networks.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::RETING_MONASTERY_FOUNDED
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Reting monastery founded -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Foundation histories and monastic records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Foundation histories and monastic records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S071
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G041, TBT.G087

TBT.000107 | [RENAISSANCE-012] 1073 CE | SAKYA MONASTERY FOUNDED
ENTITY: Sakya monastery founded
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Khön family patronage establishes Sakya as a durable scholastic, ritual and later governmental host.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::SAKYA_MONASTERY_FOUNDED
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Sakya monastery founded -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Foundation records and Sakya histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Foundation records and Sakya histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S064
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G051

TBT.000108 | [RENAISSANCE-013] 11th century | MARPA TRANSLATION NETWORK
ENTITY: Marpa translation network
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Marpa’s journeys to India and Nepal move teachings and translation capability into Tibetan household and monastic lineages.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_PERSON_NETWORK
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::MARPA_TRANSLATION_NETWORK
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Marpa translation network -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Biographical and lineage texts with hagiographic controls.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Biographical and lineage texts with hagiographic controls.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S059, TBT.S071
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G067, TBT.G068, TBT.G087

TBT.000109 | [RENAISSANCE-014] 11th century | MILAREPA LINEAGE MEMORY
ENTITY: Milarepa lineage memory
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Milarepa’s life becomes a powerful oral, textual and practice template; historical biography and later exemplary narrative remain layered.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TEXTUAL_AND_ORAL_LINEAGE
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::MILAREPA_LINEAGE_MEMORY
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Milarepa lineage memory -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Early biographies, songs and later editions.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Early biographies, songs and later editions.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S071, TBT.S072
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040

TBT.000110 | [RENAISSANCE-015] 12th century | KAGYU INSTITUTIONAL BRANCHES EXPAND
ENTITY: Kagyu institutional branches expand
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Teacher–student lineages reproduce meditation, ritual and monastic systems through multiple regional branches.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::KAGYU_INSTITUTIONAL_BRANCHES_EXPAND
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Kagyu institutional branches expand -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Lineage histories and monastery foundations.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Lineage histories and monastery foundations.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S071, TBT.S072
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006, TBT.G041, TBT.G087

TBT.000111 | [RENAISSANCE-016] 12th–13th centuries | NYINGMA TEXTUAL AND TREASURE SYSTEMS CONSOLIDATE
ENTITY: Nyingma textual and treasure systems consolidate
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Older translations, ritual cycles and treasure revelation become organised institutional memory rather than a single unchanged imperial survival.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W037–W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::NYINGMA_TEXTUAL_AND_TREASURE_SYSTEMS_CONSOLIDATE
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Nyingma textual and treasure systems consolidate -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Manuscript history, treasure biographies and lineage records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Manuscript history, treasure biographies and lineage records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U024; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S044, TBT.S071
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006, TBT.G040, TBT.G041

TBT.000112 | [RENAISSANCE-017] 11th–13th centuries | BON CANON AND INSTITUTIONS REORGANISE
ENTITY: Bon canon and institutions reorganise
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Bon communities compile texts, revelation lineages and monasteries in dialogue and competition with Buddhist hosts.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W037–W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::BON_CANON_AND_INSTITUTIONS_REORGANISE
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Bon canon and institutions reorganise -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Bon textual history and critical manuscript study.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Bon textual history and critical manuscript study.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U015; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S042, TBT.S044
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000113 | [RENAISSANCE-018] 11th–14th centuries | TIBETAN CANONICAL COLLECTIONS FORM
ENTITY: Tibetan canonical collections form
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Kanjur and Tanjur collections emerge through dispersed editorial, translation and manuscript choices rather than one publication event.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_CORPUS
WORLD_BANDS: W037–W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::TIBETAN_CANONICAL_COLLECTIONS_FORM
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Tibetan canonical collections form -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Catalogue, manuscript-family and edition comparison.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Catalogue, manuscript-family and edition comparison.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S068
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000114 | [RENAISSANCE-019] 11th–14th centuries | PAPER, MANUSCRIPT AND WORKSHOP ECONOMIES
ENTITY: Paper, manuscript and workshop economies
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Scribes, paper makers, artists, patrons and libraries make textual systems reproducible while exposing them to fire, damp, war and elite access.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_WORKSHOPS
WORLD_BANDS: W037–W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::PAPER_MANUSCRIPT_AND_WORKSHOP_ECONOMIES
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Paper, manuscript and workshop economies -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Manuscript codicology and monastery records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Manuscript codicology and monastery records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S059, TBT.S054
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006, TBT.G040

TBT.000115 | [RENAISSANCE-020] medieval onward | GESAR EPIC CROSSES ORAL HOSTS
ENTITY: Gesar epic crosses oral hosts
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Gesar performance carries memory, ethics, geography and political imagination across languages and communities without a single fixed text.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_ORAL_NETWORK
WORLD_BANDS: W037–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::GESAR_EPIC_CROSSES_ORAL_HOSTS
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Gesar epic crosses oral hosts -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Oral-performance collections and manuscript variants.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Oral-performance collections and manuscript variants.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S045, TBT.S072
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000116 | [RENAISSANCE-021] medieval onward | TIBETAN MEDICINE RECOMBINES KNOWLEDGE
ENTITY: Tibetan medicine recombines knowledge
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Medical texts and practice integrate Indian, Chinese, Inner Asian and local observation into a distinctive but internally changing system.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W037–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::TIBETAN_MEDICINE_RECOMBINES_KNOWLEDGE
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Tibetan medicine recombines knowledge -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Medical treatises, institutional histories and materia medica.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Medical treatises, institutional histories and materia medica.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S069
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G001

TBT.000117 | [RENAISSANCE-022] medieval onward | CALENDAR AND ASTRONOMICAL COMPUTATION SCALE
ENTITY: Calendar and astronomical computation scale
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Indian-derived calculation, Chinese calendrical interfaces and Tibetan institutional practice regulate ritual, agriculture and government timing.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W037–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_OR_RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION::CALENDAR_AND_ASTRONOMICAL_COMPUTATION_SCALE
HOST: regional Tibetan, Indian, Nepalese, Kashmiri and Himalayan knowledge hosts
CARRIER: teachers, translators, pilgrims, texts, images, ritual lineages, patrons and monastic estates
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: patronage; teachers; translators; manuscripts; monasteries; artisan routes; land and labour support
LINEAGE: RENAISSANCE predecessors -> Calendar and astronomical computation scale -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION; attestation=Calendrical texts and institutional use.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG2_DISTRIBUTED_NETWORK
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=manuscripts_temples; energy=patronage_labour; water=local; ecology=route_bound; labour=scribal_artisan_estate; information=translation_lineage; legitimacy=religious_political
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Calendrical texts and institutional use.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S069, TBT.S045
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G001, TBT.G041

TBT.000118 | [MONGOL_YUAN-001] 1240 CE | MONGOL RAID INTO CENTRAL TIBET
ENTITY: Mongol raid into central Tibet
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Mongol forces probe central Tibetan institutions, exposing regional polities to an expanding steppe empire.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_MILITARY
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::MONGOL_RAID_INTO_CENTRAL_TIBET
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Mongol raid into central Tibet -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan and Mongol-period histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan and Mongol-period histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U030; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S065
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G043, TBT.G061, TBT.G077

TBT.000119 | [MONGOL_YUAN-002] 1244–1247 CE | SAKYA PAṆḌITA MEETS KÖDEN
ENTITY: Sakya Paṇḍita meets Köden
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Sakya Paṇḍita travels to the Mongol prince Köden’s court, negotiating religious patronage and political submission under coercive asymmetry.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_COURT
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::SAKYA_PAN_D_ITA_MEETS_KO_DEN
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Sakya Paṇḍita meets Köden -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan correspondence, biographies and Mongol context.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Tibetan correspondence, biographies and Mongol context.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U030; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S063, TBT.S065
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G051, TBT.G061

TBT.000120 | [MONGOL_YUAN-003] 1247 CE | SAKYA–MONGOL SETTLEMENT TAKES FORM
ENTITY: Sakya–Mongol settlement takes form
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Sakya mediation, Mongol command and Tibetan regional compliance form a layered relation; no single “priest–patron” label exhausts it.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LAYERED_AUTHORITY
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::SAKYA_MONGOL_SETTLEMENT_TAKES_FORM
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Sakya–Mongol settlement takes form -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan and Mongol/Yuan sources.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Tibetan and Mongol/Yuan sources.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U030; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S065, TBT.S066
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G051, TBT.G061

TBT.000121 | [MONGOL_YUAN-004] 1253–1260 CE | PHAGPA AND QUBILAI RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPS
ENTITY: Phagpa and Qubilai relationship develops
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Phagpa enters Qubilai’s court and becomes a religious teacher and political intermediary as Mongol imperial institutions consolidate.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_COURT
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::PHAGPA_AND_QUBILAI_RELATIONSHIP_DEVELOPS
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Phagpa and Qubilai relationship develops -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Court histories, Tibetan biographies and imperial records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Court histories, Tibetan biographies and imperial records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U030; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S065, TBT.S067
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G061, TBT.G063

TBT.000122 | [MONGOL_YUAN-005] 1260 CE | QUBILAI BECOMES GREAT KHAN
ENTITY: Qubilai becomes Great Khan
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Qubilai’s imperial accession creates a larger fiscal and command host for Sakya-linked Tibetan administration and Buddhist patronage.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: IMPERIAL_COURT
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::QUBILAI_BECOMES_GREAT_KHAN
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Qubilai becomes Great Khan -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Mongol and Yuan historical records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Mongol and Yuan historical records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U031; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S067, TBT.S066
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G051, TBT.G052, TBT.G063

TBT.000123 | [MONGOL_YUAN-006] 1260s CE | PHAGPA APPOINTED IMPERIAL PRECEPTOR
ENTITY: Phagpa appointed imperial preceptor
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Yuan court grants Phagpa high ritual and institutional office; title, command and local Tibetan enforcement remain distinct functions.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: IMPERIAL_OFFICE
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::PHAGPA_APPOINTED_IMPERIAL_PRECEPTOR
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Phagpa appointed imperial preceptor -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Yuan records and Tibetan histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Yuan records and Tibetan histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U030, TBT.U031; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S065, TBT.S067
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G041, TBT.G063

TBT.000124 | [MONGOL_YUAN-007] 1269 CE | PHAGPA SCRIPT PROMULGATED
ENTITY: Phagpa script promulgated
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: A new script is designed for imperial multilingual use, demonstrating knowledge portability but limited durable adoption.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: IMPERIAL_INFORMATION_SYSTEM
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::PHAGPA_SCRIPT_PROMULGATED
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Phagpa script promulgated -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Imperial documents and script history.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Imperial documents and script history.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U031; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S067, TBT.S066
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G063

TBT.000125 | [MONGOL_YUAN-008] late 13th century | THIRTEEN MYRIARCHIES ADMINISTRATIVE MODEL
ENTITY: Thirteen myriarchies administrative model
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Central Tibetan territories are organised into administrative and fiscal units under Sakya personnel and Yuan imperial supervision, with uneven local reach.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_ADMINISTRATIVE
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::THIRTEEN_MYRIARCHIES_ADMINISTRATIVE_MODEL
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Thirteen myriarchies administrative model -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan and Yuan administrative records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Tibetan and Yuan administrative records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U031; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S065
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G051, TBT.G063

TBT.000126 | [MONGOL_YUAN-009] late 13th century | BUREAU OF BUDDHIST AND TIBETAN AFFAIRS
ENTITY: Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: A Yuan central bureau manages imperial Buddhist and Tibetan matters; bureaucratic jurisdiction is not identical to every local outcome.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: IMPERIAL_OFFICE
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::BUREAU_OF_BUDDHIST_AND_TIBETAN_AFFAIRS
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Yuan institutional records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Yuan institutional records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U031; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S066, TBT.S065
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G063, TBT.G077

TBT.000127 | [MONGOL_YUAN-010] late 13th century | CENSUS, TAXATION AND POSTAL LOGISTICS
ENTITY: Census, taxation and postal logistics
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Households, monasteries, tribute and routes become more legible to imperial and Sakya-linked administration, returning extraction and compliance burdens.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_ADMINISTRATIVE
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::CENSUS_TAXATION_AND_POSTAL_LOGISTICS
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Census, taxation and postal logistics -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Fiscal and administrative evidence, incomplete by locality.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Fiscal and administrative evidence, incomplete by locality.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U031, TBT.U036; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S065
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G051, TBT.G052, TBT.G063

TBT.000128 | [MONGOL_YUAN-011] late 13th century | SAKYA POLITICAL HEGEMONY
ENTITY: Sakya political hegemony
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Sakya institutions exercise major central Tibetan authority through Mongol backing, local administrators and religious legitimacy.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_HEGEMONY
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::SAKYA_POLITICAL_HEGEMONY
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Sakya political hegemony -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan histories and Yuan records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan histories and Yuan records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U031; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S065, TBT.S064
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G051, TBT.G061, TBT.G077

TBT.000129 | [MONGOL_YUAN-012] 1285–1290 CE | DRIKUNG CONFLICT AND DESTRUCTION
ENTITY: Drikung conflict and destruction
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Competition involving Drikung, Sakya and Mongol forces culminates in military destruction, showing the coercive edge of religious-political alignment.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::DRIKUNG_CONFLICT_AND_DESTRUCTION
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Drikung conflict and destruction -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan and Yuan-period histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan and Yuan-period histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U030; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S065
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G051, TBT.G061, TBT.G079

TBT.000130 | [MONGOL_YUAN-013] 13th–14th centuries | MONGOL COURTS ADOPT TIBETAN BUDDHIST SYSTEMS
ENTITY: Mongol courts adopt Tibetan Buddhist systems
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Teachers, texts and rituals travel into Mongol imperial and regional hosts, transforming both Tibetan institutions and Inner Asian politics.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_NETWORK
WORLD_BANDS: W038–W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::MONGOL_COURTS_ADOPT_TIBETAN_BUDDHIST_SYSTEMS
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Mongol courts adopt Tibetan Buddhist systems -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Court records, biographies and material culture.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Court records, biographies and material culture.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U030; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S067, TBT.S065
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006, TBT.G052, TBT.G061

TBT.000131 | [MONGOL_YUAN-014] 13th–14th centuries | ARTISANS AND TEXTS CROSS YUAN NETWORKS
ENTITY: Artisans and texts cross Yuan networks
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Imperial mobility brings Tibetan, Nepalese, Chinese and Central Asian specialists and objects into shared workshops and temples.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_NETWORK
WORLD_BANDS: W038–W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::ARTISANS_AND_TEXTS_CROSS_YUAN_NETWORKS
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Artisans and texts cross Yuan networks -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Art history, inscriptions and court records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Art history, inscriptions and court records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S066, TBT.S074
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G050, TBT.G063

TBT.000132 | [MONGOL_YUAN-015] 13th–14th centuries | PRINTING AND CANON PATRONAGE EXPAND
ENTITY: Printing and canon patronage expand
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Mongol and Tibetan patrons finance text production and canon projects, increasing replication while preserving edition differences.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W038–W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::PRINTING_AND_CANON_PATRONAGE_EXPAND
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Printing and canon patronage expand -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Edition history, colophons and patron records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Edition history, colophons and patron records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S068
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G061

TBT.000133 | [MONGOL_YUAN-016] 1320s–1350s CE | SAKYA AUTHORITY FRAGMENTS
ENTITY: Sakya authority fragments
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Internal succession, regional resistance and Yuan weakening reduce Sakya governmental reach without ending the school.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_FISSION
WORLD_BANDS: W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::SAKYA_AUTHORITY_FRAGMENTS
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Sakya authority fragments -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan political histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Tibetan political histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U031; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S065, TBT.S073
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G051, TBT.G052, TBT.G078

TBT.000134 | [MONGOL_YUAN-017] 1354 CE | PHAGMODRUPA REPLACES SAKYA POLITICAL HEGEMONY
ENTITY: Phagmodrupa replaces Sakya political hegemony
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Changchub Gyaltsen’s Phagmodrupa forces take central control while Sakya continues as a religious and local institution.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_HEGEMONY
WORLD_BANDS: W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::PHAGMODRUPA_REPLACES_SAKYA_POLITICAL_HEGEMONY
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Phagmodrupa replaces Sakya political hegemony -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan histories and administrative reconstruction.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan histories and administrative reconstruction.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U031; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S073, TBT.S074
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G051, TBT.G053, TBT.G077

TBT.000135 | [MONGOL_YUAN-018] 1368 CE | YUAN DYNASTY FALLS IN CHINA
ENTITY: Yuan dynasty falls in China
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Yuan central host collapses, but Mongol–Tibetan religious networks and regional institutions continue in altered forms.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_FISSION
WORLD_BANDS: W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::YUAN_DYNASTY_FALLS_IN_CHINA
HOST: Sakya, Mongol and Yuan imperial-local administrative hosts
CARRIER: lamas, imperial officials, troops, tribute, documents, ritual technologies and administrative categories
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: Mongol military power; Sakya personnel; imperial patronage; census and tax; postal and translation systems
LINEAGE: MONGOL_YUAN predecessors -> Yuan dynasty falls in China -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PATRONAGE_SOVEREIGNTY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Ming/Yuan transition histories and Tibetan records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tribute_postal_supply; energy=military_estate; water=route_bound; ecology=logistical; labour=census_tax_monastic; information=imperial_multilingual; legitimacy=patronage_command
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Ming/Yuan transition histories and Tibetan records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U031; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S066, TBT.S065
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G061, TBT.G073

TBT.000136 | [REGIONAL-001] 1354–1364 CE | CHANGCHUB GYALTSEN CONSOLIDATES PHAGMODRUPA
ENTITY: Changchub Gyaltsen consolidates Phagmodrupa
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Phagmodrupa authority restructures central Tibetan administration, law and military organisation while remaining regionally bounded.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_POLITY
WORLD_BANDS: W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::CHANGCHUB_GYALTSEN_CONSOLIDATES_PHAGMODRUPA
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Changchub Gyaltsen consolidates Phagmodrupa -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Tibetan political histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan political histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S073, TBT.S074
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G077, TBT.G053

TBT.000137 | [REGIONAL-002] 14th century | PHAGMODRUPA LEGAL AND FISCAL REFORMS
ENTITY: Phagmodrupa legal and fiscal reforms
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Administrative districts, legal codes and taxation are reworked through a Tibetan regional host after Sakya–Yuan decline.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_ADMINISTRATIVE
WORLD_BANDS: W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::PHAGMODRUPA_LEGAL_AND_FISCAL_REFORMS
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Phagmodrupa legal and fiscal reforms -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Later legal histories and institutional records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Later legal histories and institutional records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S073
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G051, TBT.G052, TBT.G053

TBT.000138 | [REGIONAL-003] 14th–15th centuries | MING TITLES AND EXCHANGES
ENTITY: Ming titles and exchanges
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Ming courts grant titles and receive missions from multiple Tibetan religious and regional leaders; title and tribute do not equal uniform direct rule.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_COURT
WORLD_BANDS: W039–W040
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::MING_TITLES_AND_EXCHANGES
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Ming titles and exchanges -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Ming records and Tibetan sources.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Ming records and Tibetan sources.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U032; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S095
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000139 | [REGIONAL-004] 15th century | RINPUNGPA HEGEMONY GROWS
ENTITY: Rinpungpa hegemony grows
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Rinpungpa patrons and armies become dominant in parts of central and western Tibet, linking regional power to Kagyu institutions.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_HEGEMONY
WORLD_BANDS: W040
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::RINPUNGPA_HEGEMONY_GROWS
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Rinpungpa hegemony grows -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Tibetan political and lineage histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan political and lineage histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S073, TBT.S072
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G022, TBT.G054, TBT.G077

TBT.000140 | [REGIONAL-005] 1409 CE | GANDEN MONASTERY FOUNDED
ENTITY: Ganden monastery founded
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tsongkhapa’s monastic reform network gains a durable institutional host at Ganden.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W040
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::GANDEN_MONASTERY_FOUNDED
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Ganden monastery founded -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Foundation and lineage records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Foundation and lineage records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S071, TBT.S070
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G041, TBT.G056, TBT.G064

TBT.000141 | [REGIONAL-006] 1409 CE | MONLAM PRAYER FESTIVAL INSTITUTIONALISED
ENTITY: Monlam prayer festival institutionalised
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A large Lhasa ritual and teaching assembly coordinates scholastic, urban and political life while depending on patronage and crowd logistics.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: URBAN_RITUAL_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W040
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::MONLAM_PRAYER_FESTIVAL_INSTITUTIONALISED
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Monlam prayer festival institutionalised -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Festival and monastic histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Festival and monastic histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S071
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G045

TBT.000142 | [REGIONAL-007] 1416 CE | DREPUNG MONASTERY FOUNDED
ENTITY: Drepung monastery founded
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Drepung becomes a large scholastic and later political institution whose scale rests on estates, discipline and recruitment.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W040
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::DREPUNG_MONASTERY_FOUNDED
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Drepung monastery founded -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Foundation and monastic histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Foundation and monastic histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U036; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S070, TBT.S071
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G057

TBT.000143 | [REGIONAL-008] 1419 CE | SERA MONASTERY FOUNDED
ENTITY: Sera monastery founded
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Sera adds another major Gelug scholastic host to the Lhasa institutional field.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W040
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::SERA_MONASTERY_FOUNDED
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Sera monastery founded -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Foundation records and monastic history.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Foundation records and monastic history.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U036; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S070
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G041

TBT.000144 | [REGIONAL-009] 1447 CE | TASHILHUNPO MONASTERY FOUNDED
ENTITY: Tashilhunpo monastery founded
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Gedun Drub establishes Tashilhunpo, later associated with the Panchen Lama institution and Tsang regional power.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W040
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::TASHILHUNPO_MONASTERY_FOUNDED
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Tashilhunpo monastery founded -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Monastic and biographical records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Monastic and biographical records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S081, TBT.S071
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G078, TBT.G021, TBT.G059

TBT.000145 | [REGIONAL-010] 1565 CE onward | TSANGPA POLITICAL HEGEMONY
ENTITY: Tsangpa political hegemony
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tsang rulers displace Rinpungpa power and support Karma Kagyu networks, sharpening competition with Gelug institutions.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_HEGEMONY
WORLD_BANDS: W041–W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::TSANGPA_POLITICAL_HEGEMONY
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Tsangpa political hegemony -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Tibetan political histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan political histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S073, TBT.S072
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G021, TBT.G054, TBT.G055

TBT.000146 | [REGIONAL-011] 1578 CE | SONAM GYATSO MEETS ALTAN KHAN
ENTITY: Sonam Gyatso meets Altan Khan
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A Gelug teacher and Tümed Mongol ruler exchange titles and patronage; the Dalai Lama title is retrospectively extended to predecessors.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_COURT
WORLD_BANDS: W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::SONAM_GYATSO_MEETS_ALTAN_KHAN
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Sonam Gyatso meets Altan Khan -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Tibetan and Mongol histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Tibetan and Mongol histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U030; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S076, TBT.S071
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G061, TBT.G078

TBT.000147 | [REGIONAL-012] late 16th century | GELUG–MONGOL NETWORKS EXPAND
ENTITY: Gelug–Mongol networks expand
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Teachers, patrons, monasteries and military alliances connect central Tibet with multiple Mongol polities.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_NETWORK
WORLD_BANDS: W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::GELUG_MONGOL_NETWORKS_EXPAND
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Gelug–Mongol networks expand -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Biographies, court records and monastery histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Biographies, court records and monastery histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U030; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S076
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G061, TBT.G077, TBT.G087

TBT.000148 | [REGIONAL-013] 1589–1617 CE | FOURTH DALAI LAMA AS MONGOL-BORN HIERARCH
ENTITY: Fourth Dalai Lama as Mongol-born hierarch
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Yonten Gyatso’s recognition and education embody Mongol–Tibetan religious integration while also intensifying regional political opposition.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_LIFESPAN
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION
WORLD_BANDS: W041–W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::FOURTH_DALAI_LAMA_AS_MONGOL_BORN_HIERARCH
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Fourth Dalai Lama as Mongol-born hierarch -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Biographical and political histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Biographical and political histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U030; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S076, TBT.S081
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G061, TBT.G078

TBT.000149 | [REGIONAL-014] early 17th century | CENTRAL TIBETAN FACTIONAL WARFARE
ENTITY: Central Tibetan factional warfare
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tsangpa, Gelug, Kagyu and Mongol actors compete through shifting military and religious coalitions; school labels do not automate individual allegiance.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_POLITY
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITY_OR_INSTITUTION::CENTRAL_TIBETAN_FACTIONAL_WARFARE
HOST: central and regional Tibetan governments, estates and monasteries
CARRIER: regional rulers, monastic schools, estates, armies, merchants, texts and households
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: clan coalitions; monasteries; estates; military labour; trade; textual legitimacy; regional ecological floors
LINEAGE: REGIONAL predecessors -> Central Tibetan factional warfare -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_COMPETITION; attestation=Tibetan, Mongol and institutional histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estates_monasteries; energy=tax_labour; water=regional; ecology=local_floors; labour=household_military_monastic; information=law_scholastic; legitimacy=clan_religious
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_MULTI_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan, Mongol and institutional histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U033; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S073, TBT.S075
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G055, TBT.G061, TBT.G077

TBT.000150 | [GANDEN_QING-001] 1642 CE | GÜSHI KHAN DEFEATS TSANGPA
ENTITY: Güshi Khan defeats Tsangpa
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Khoshut Mongol military power defeats the Tsang regime, creating the coercive condition for new central government.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_MILITARY
WORLD_BANDS: W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::GU_SHI_KHAN_DEFEATS_TSANGPA
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Güshi Khan defeats Tsangpa -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan and Mongol political histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan and Mongol political histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U033; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S075, TBT.S080
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G061, TBT.G021, TBT.G055

TBT.000151 | [GANDEN_QING-002] 1642 CE | GANDEN PHODRANG GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED
ENTITY: Ganden Phodrang government established
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Fifth Dalai Lama becomes the central religious-political figure of a government whose operation depends on officials, estates and Khoshut force.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_GOVERNMENT
WORLD_BANDS: W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::GANDEN_PHODRANG_GOVERNMENT_ESTABLISHED
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Ganden Phodrang government established -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Governmental, biographical and military records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Governmental, biographical and military records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U033; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S075, TBT.S076
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G064, TBT.G076, TBT.G056

TBT.000152 | [GANDEN_QING-003] 1642–1717 CE | KHOSHUT MILITARY SPONSORSHIP PERSISTS
ENTITY: Khoshut military sponsorship persists
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Khoshut rulers retain military and royal functions alongside Ganden Phodrang administration; religious leadership is not sole coercive sovereignty.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LAYERED_AUTHORITY
WORLD_BANDS: W042–W043
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::KHOSHUT_MILITARY_SPONSORSHIP_PERSISTS
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Khoshut military sponsorship persists -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan and Mongol histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan and Mongol histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U033, TBT.U030; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S080, TBT.S078
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G064, TBT.G056, TBT.G061

TBT.000153 | [GANDEN_QING-004] 1645–1690s CE | POTALA PALACE CONSTRUCTED AND ENLARGED
ENTITY: Potala Palace constructed and enlarged
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Potala becomes a governmental, ritual, archival and symbolic host, built through material, labour and fiscal systems.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::POTALA_PALACE_CONSTRUCTED_AND_ENLARGED
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Potala Palace constructed and enlarged -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Architecture, inscriptions and government history.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Architecture, inscriptions and government history.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U036; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S075, TBT.S103
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006, TBT.G060

TBT.000154 | [GANDEN_QING-005] 1652–1653 CE | FIFTH DALAI LAMA VISITS QING COURT
ENTITY: Fifth Dalai Lama visits Qing court
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Fifth Dalai Lama and Shunzhi emperor conduct a carefully staged diplomatic-religious encounter whose titulature supports competing later readings.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_COURT
WORLD_BANDS: W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::FIFTH_DALAI_LAMA_VISITS_QING_COURT
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Fifth Dalai Lama visits Qing court -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Qing and Tibetan court records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Qing and Tibetan court records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034, TBT.U030; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S076
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G063, TBT.G078

TBT.000155 | [GANDEN_QING-006] 1679–1703 CE | SANGYE GYATSO REGENCY
ENTITY: Sangye Gyatso regency
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: The regent operates government, diplomacy, medicine and knowledge institutions, demonstrating political capability beyond reincarnate officeholders.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_OFFICE
WORLD_BANDS: W042–W043
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::SANGYE_GYATSO_REGENCY
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Sangye Gyatso regency -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Government and biographical records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Government and biographical records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S069, TBT.S081
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000156 | [GANDEN_QING-007] late 17th century | CHAKPORI MEDICAL INSTITUTION
ENTITY: Chakpori medical institution
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: State-supported medical teaching and pharmacological organisation make healing knowledge more reproducible while access remains socially uneven.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::CHAKPORI_MEDICAL_INSTITUTION
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Chakpori medical institution -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Medical institutional history.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Medical institutional history.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S069
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000157 | [GANDEN_QING-008] 1679–1683 CE | TIBET–LADAKH–MUGHAL WAR
ENTITY: Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Ganden Phodrang and Mongol forces fight Ladakh; Mughal intervention and Himalayan logistics expose multi-polity dependencies.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::TIBET_LADAKH_MUGHAL_WAR
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Ladakh and Tibetan histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Ladakh and Tibetan histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S083
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G064, TBT.G007, TBT.G050

TBT.000158 | [GANDEN_QING-009] 1684 CE | TREATY OF TINGMOSGANG
ENTITY: Treaty of Tingmosgang
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: The settlement restructures Ladakh–Tibet trade and political relations; terms and later interpretation remain bounded to the agreement.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY
WORLD_BANDS: W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::TREATY_OF_TINGMOSGANG
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Treaty of Tingmosgang -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Treaty histories and regional records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Treaty histories and regional records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S083
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G045, TBT.G066, TBT.G072

TBT.000159 | [GANDEN_QING-010] 1682–1697 CE | FIFTH DALAI LAMA’S DEATH CONCEALED
ENTITY: Fifth Dalai Lama’s death concealed
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Regent Sangye Gyatso delays public disclosure, preserving governmental projects while creating succession and trust debt.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION
WORLD_BANDS: W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::FIFTH_DALAI_LAMA_S_DEATH_CONCEALED
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Fifth Dalai Lama’s death concealed -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Biographical and government histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Biographical and government histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S081, TBT.S076
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078

TBT.000160 | [GANDEN_QING-011] 1697–1706 CE | SIXTH DALAI LAMA ENTHRONED THEN DEPOSED
ENTITY: Sixth Dalai Lama enthroned then deposed
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Tsangyang Gyatso’s office, person and lifestyle become contested among regent, Khoshut and Qing-linked actors; recognition is not secure coercive control.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION
WORLD_BANDS: W042–W043
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::SIXTH_DALAI_LAMA_ENTHRONED_THEN_DEPOSED
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Sixth Dalai Lama enthroned then deposed -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan, Mongol and Qing sources.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan, Mongol and Qing sources.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S078, TBT.S076
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G061, TBT.G063

TBT.000161 | [GANDEN_QING-012] 1705–1706 CE | LHAZANG KHAN REMOVES SANGYE GYATSO
ENTITY: Lhazang Khan removes Sangye Gyatso
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Khoshut military action kills the regent and displaces the Sixth Dalai Lama, exposing the armed dependency beneath religious-political order.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_COUP
WORLD_BANDS: W043
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::LHAZANG_KHAN_REMOVES_SANGYE_GYATSO
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Lhazang Khan removes Sangye Gyatso -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan, Mongol and Qing histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan, Mongol and Qing histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S078
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G061, TBT.G078

TBT.000162 | [GANDEN_QING-013] 1717 CE | DZUNGAR FORCES SEIZE LHASA
ENTITY: Dzungar forces seize Lhasa
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Dzungar Mongols defeat Lhazang Khan, occupy central Tibet and attack rival religious and political networks.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_OCCUPATION
WORLD_BANDS: W043
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::DZUNGAR_FORCES_SEIZE_LHASA
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Dzungar forces seize Lhasa -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan, Mongol and Qing records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan, Mongol and Qing records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S078, TBT.S079
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G045

TBT.000163 | [GANDEN_QING-014] 1720 CE | QING–KHOSHUT EXPEDITION EXPELS DZUNGARS
ENTITY: Qing–Khoshut expedition expels Dzungars
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Qing-led forces enter Lhasa, remove Dzungar control and install a new political-military arrangement around the Seventh Dalai Lama.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_MILITARY
WORLD_BANDS: W043
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::QING_KHOSHUT_EXPEDITION_EXPELS_DZUNGARS
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Qing–Khoshut expedition expels Dzungars -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Qing, Mongol and Tibetan records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Qing, Mongol and Tibetan records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S078, TBT.S079
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G004, TBT.G024

TBT.000164 | [GANDEN_QING-015] 1720s CE | AMBANS AND GARRISON INTERFACE BEGINS
ENTITY: Ambans and garrison interface begins
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Qing representatives and troops form an imperial oversight and security layer whose authority changes by crisis, reign and locality.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LAYERED_AUTHORITY
WORLD_BANDS: W043
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::AMBANS_AND_GARRISON_INTERFACE_BEGINS
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Ambans and garrison interface begins -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Multilingual administrative records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Multilingual administrative records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S076, TBT.S078
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G063, TBT.G052

TBT.000165 | [GANDEN_QING-016] 1727–1747 CE | POLHANÉ GOVERNS CENTRAL TIBET
ENTITY: Polhané governs central Tibet
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Polhané stabilises government under Qing-recognised authority while maintaining Tibetan administrative and military functions.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_GOVERNMENT
WORLD_BANDS: W043
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::POLHANE_GOVERNS_CENTRAL_TIBET
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Polhané governs central Tibet -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan and Qing records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan and Qing records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S078
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G063, TBT.G077

TBT.000166 | [GANDEN_QING-017] 1750 CE | GYURMÉ NAMGYAL CRISIS AND LHASA UNREST
ENTITY: Gyurmé Namgyal crisis and Lhasa unrest
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Ambans kill the Tibetan ruler; subsequent uprising kills the ambans and triggers Qing intervention and institutional redesign.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: URBAN_POLITICAL_CRISIS
WORLD_BANDS: W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::GYURME_NAMGYAL_CRISIS_AND_LHASA_UNREST
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Gyurmé Namgyal crisis and Lhasa unrest -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Qing and Tibetan accounts.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Qing and Tibetan accounts.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S076
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G041

TBT.000167 | [GANDEN_QING-018] 1751 CE | QING–TIBETAN GOVERNMENTAL REFORM
ENTITY: Qing–Tibetan governmental reform
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: A revised arrangement strengthens the Dalai Lama’s governmental role and Qing oversight while abolishing the secular regent-prince office.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LEGAL_ADMINISTRATIVE
WORLD_BANDS: W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::QING_TIBETAN_GOVERNMENTAL_REFORM
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Qing–Tibetan governmental reform -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Imperial edicts and Tibetan administrative history.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Imperial edicts and Tibetan administrative history.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S076
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G063, TBT.G078

TBT.000168 | [GANDEN_QING-019] 18th century | REGENCY BECOMES RECURRING CONTROL FORM
ENTITY: Regency becomes recurring control form
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Minority successions make regents, monastic colleges, Kashag officials and ambans recurring operators, separating office continuity from the person of a Dalai Lama.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION
WORLD_BANDS: W043–W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::REGENCY_BECOMES_RECURRING_CONTROL_FORM
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Regency becomes recurring control form -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Biographies and government records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Biographies and government records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S076
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078, TBT.G087

TBT.000169 | [GANDEN_QING-020] 18th century | PANCHEN LAMA INSTITUTION GAINS TRANSREGIONAL WEIGHT
ENTITY: Panchen Lama institution gains transregional weight
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Tashilhunpo’s hierarchs operate religious, diplomatic and succession functions across Tibet, Qing and Mongol networks.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W043–W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::PANCHEN_LAMA_INSTITUTION_GAINS_TRANSREGIONAL_WEIGHT
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Panchen Lama institution gains transregional weight -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Biographical and court records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Biographical and court records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S076, TBT.S081
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G078, TBT.G059, TBT.G061

TBT.000170 | [GANDEN_QING-021] 1788 CE | FIRST GORKHA–TIBET WAR
ENTITY: First Gorkha–Tibet war
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Gorkha forces enter Tibetan territory amid trade and currency disputes, prompting negotiated settlement and unresolved obligations.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::FIRST_GORKHA_TIBET_WAR
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> First Gorkha–Tibet war -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Nepalese, Tibetan and Qing records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Nepalese, Tibetan and Qing records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S084, TBT.S079
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G067

TBT.000171 | [GANDEN_QING-022] 1791–1792 CE | SECOND GORKHA INVASION AND QING RESPONSE
ENTITY: Second Gorkha invasion and Qing response
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Renewed war reaches near Shigatse before Qing forces intervene and pursue into Nepal.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::SECOND_GORKHA_INVASION_AND_QING_RESPONSE
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Second Gorkha invasion and Qing response -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Qing, Nepalese and Tibetan records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Qing, Nepalese and Tibetan records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S079, TBT.S084
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G067, TBT.G025, TBT.G063

TBT.000172 | [GANDEN_QING-023] 1793 CE | TWENTY-NINE ARTICLES REFORM PROGRAMME
ENTITY: Twenty-Nine Articles reform programme
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Qing regulations address selection, administration, currency, frontier and military matters; promulgation does not prove uniform implementation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LEGAL_ADMINISTRATIVE
WORLD_BANDS: W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::TWENTY_NINE_ARTICLES_REFORM_PROGRAMME
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Twenty-Nine Articles reform programme -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Qing legal and administrative records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Qing legal and administrative records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S077, TBT.S076
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G063, TBT.G077, TBT.G080

TBT.000173 | [GANDEN_QING-024] 1793 CE | GOLDEN URN PROCEDURE INTRODUCED
ENTITY: Golden Urn procedure introduced
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Qing court introduces a lottery procedure for major reincarnations; use, exemption, recognition and community legitimacy remain distinct.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: SUCCESSION_PROCEDURE
WORLD_BANDS: W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::GOLDEN_URN_PROCEDURE_INTRODUCED
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Golden Urn procedure introduced -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Multilingual archive and case studies.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Multilingual archive and case studies.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U035; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S077
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G065, TBT.G063

TBT.000174 | [GANDEN_QING-025] 1793–1911 CE | GOLDEN URN APPLICATION VARIES
ENTITY: Golden Urn application varies
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Some succession cases use the urn, others receive exemptions or are represented differently; no claim of automatic universal use is permitted.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CASE_DISTRIBUTED
WORLD_BANDS: W044–W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::GOLDEN_URN_APPLICATION_VARIES
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Golden Urn application varies -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Case-by-case Qing and Tibetan records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Case-by-case Qing and Tibetan records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U035; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S077
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G065, TBT.G078

TBT.000175 | [GANDEN_QING-026] 17th–19th centuries | TEA–HORSE AND WOOL TRADE NETWORKS
ENTITY: Tea–horse and wool trade networks
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Tea, wool, salt, horses and silver circulate through Sichuan, Qinghai, Nepal, Ladakh and India, binding households to frontier markets.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_CORRIDORS
WORLD_BANDS: W042–W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::TEA_HORSE_AND_WOOL_TRADE_NETWORKS
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Tea–horse and wool trade networks -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Trade records, travel accounts and market histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Trade records, travel accounts and market histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S074, TBT.S084
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G066, TBT.G067, TBT.G068

TBT.000176 | [GANDEN_QING-027] 17th–20th centuries | MONASTIC AND ARISTOCRATIC ESTATE SYSTEM
ENTITY: Monastic and aristocratic estate system
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Estates coordinate land, tenancy, corvée and religious finance with varying rights and coercion by place and period.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_SOCIAL_SYSTEM
WORLD_BANDS: W042–W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::MONASTIC_AND_ARISTOCRATIC_ESTATE_SYSTEM
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Monastic and aristocratic estate system -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Estate records, legal texts, accounts and testimony.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Estate records, legal texts, accounts and testimony.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U036; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090, TBT.S072
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G040, TBT.G087, TBT.G090

TBT.000177 | [GANDEN_QING-028] 17th–20th centuries | PILGRIMAGE LANDSCAPES OPERATE ACROSS BORDERS
ENTITY: Pilgrimage landscapes operate across borders
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Kailash, Lhasa, Tashilhunpo and dispersed sacred sites move persons, offerings and narratives through Himalayan and Inner Asian systems.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_NETWORK
WORLD_BANDS: W042–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::PILGRIMAGE_LANDSCAPES_OPERATE_ACROSS_BORDERS
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Pilgrimage landscapes operate across borders -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Pilgrim accounts, institutional records and material routes.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Pilgrim accounts, institutional records and material routes.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S045, TBT.S072
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G006, TBT.G007

TBT.000178 | [GANDEN_QING-029] 18th–19th centuries | QING REACH REMAINS SPATIALLY UNEVEN
ENTITY: Qing reach remains spatially uneven
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Imperial authority is strongest in particular crises, offices and corridors and weaker in other local processes; neither absence nor totality is encoded.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_GRADED
WORLD_BANDS: W043–W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::QING_REACH_REMAINS_SPATIALLY_UNEVEN
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Qing reach remains spatially uneven -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Multilingual case-specific administrative evidence.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Multilingual case-specific administrative evidence.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S076, TBT.S084
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G063, TBT.G052

TBT.000179 | [GANDEN_QING-030] 18th–19th centuries | KHAM POLITICAL MOSAIC PERSISTS
ENTITY: Kham political mosaic persists
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Local chieftains, monasteries, Lhasa, Sichuan and Qing offices share and contest control in eastern Tibetan regions.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_GRADED
WORLD_BANDS: W043–W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::KHAM_POLITICAL_MOSAIC_PERSISTS
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Kham political mosaic persists -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Local, Tibetan and Qing administrative histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Local, Tibetan and Qing administrative histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001, TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S095, TBT.S084
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G020, TBT.G024

TBT.000180 | [GANDEN_QING-031] 18th–19th centuries | AMDO RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL MOSAIC
ENTITY: Amdo religious and political mosaic
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Monasteries, Mongol groups, Tibetan communities and Qing provincial systems interact without forming one uniform Lhasa-administered space.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_GRADED
WORLD_BANDS: W043–W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::AMDO_RELIGIOUS_AND_POLITICAL_MOSAIC
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Amdo religious and political mosaic -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Regional histories, biographies and Qing records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Regional histories, biographies and Qing records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001, TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S095
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G006, TBT.G019

TBT.000181 | [GANDEN_QING-032] 1841–1842 CE | DOGRA–TIBET WAR
ENTITY: Dogra–Tibet war
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Dogra forces invade western Tibet, are defeated after severe winter campaigning, and negotiate a settlement at Chushul.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W045
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::DOGRA_TIBET_WAR
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Dogra–Tibet war -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Ladakh, Tibetan and British-era histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Ladakh, Tibetan and British-era histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S083, TBT.S082
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G022

TBT.000182 | [GANDEN_QING-033] 1842 CE | TREATY OF CHUSHUL
ENTITY: Treaty of Chushul
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Ladakh/Dogra and Tibetan representatives restore prior relations after war; its wording does not resolve every later border claim.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY
WORLD_BANDS: W045
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::TREATY_OF_CHUSHUL
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Treaty of Chushul -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Treaty text and historical analysis.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Treaty text and historical analysis.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S082, TBT.S083
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G045, TBT.G066

TBT.000183 | [GANDEN_QING-034] 1850s–1860s CE | NYARONG CONFLICT AND LHASA INTERVENTION
ENTITY: Nyarong conflict and Lhasa intervention
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: A Kham regional expansion prompts Ganden Phodrang military intervention, demonstrating both eastern reach and its exceptional cost.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W046
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::NYARONG_CONFLICT_AND_LHASA_INTERVENTION
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Nyarong conflict and Lhasa intervention -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan regional histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan regional histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S084
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G064, TBT.G004, TBT.G020

TBT.000184 | [GANDEN_QING-035] late 19th century | GREAT GAME PRESSURE INTENSIFIES
ENTITY: Great Game pressure intensifies
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: British India, Qing and Russian strategic imaginations increasingly map Tibet as a buffer, while Tibetan actors attempt to restrict access.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_STRATEGIC
WORLD_BANDS: W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::GREAT_GAME_PRESSURE_INTENSIFIES
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Great Game pressure intensifies -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Diplomatic archives, maps and travel records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Diplomatic archives, maps and travel records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U037; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S084, TBT.S086
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G068, TBT.G063

TBT.000185 | [GANDEN_QING-036] 1890 CE | ANGLO-CHINESE SIKKIM–TIBET CONVENTION
ENTITY: Anglo-Chinese Sikkim–Tibet convention
ENTITY_TYPE: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Britain and Qing China negotiate a boundary and trade framework without Tibetan participation, creating implementation and consent debt.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY
WORLD_BANDS: W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_CENTURY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAYERED_RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::ANGLO_CHINESE_SIKKIM_TIBET_CONVENTION
HOST: Ganden Phodrang, Mongol, Qing, regional and household hosts
CARRIER: Dalai and Panchen institutions, regents, Mongol forces, Qing officials, monks, lay estates, traders and subjects
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: Gelug institutions; Khoshut and Qing military power; regents; ambans; estates; taxation; Himalayan and Inner Asian diplomacy
LINEAGE: GANDEN_QING predecessors -> Anglo-Chinese Sikkim–Tibet convention -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=RELIGIOUS_POLITICAL_AND_IMPERIAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Treaty text and frontier archives.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=estate_trade_garrison; energy=labour_fiscal; water=regional; ecology=route_and_pasture; labour=tenant_monastic_military; information=administrative_ritual; legitimacy=layered
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Treaty text and frontier archives.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U038; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S082, TBT.S088
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G063, TBT.G073

TBT.000186 | [MODERN_1900-001] 1903–1904 CE | YOUNGHUSBAND INVASION
ENTITY: Younghusband invasion
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A British Indian force crosses into Tibet under the label of a mission, fighting toward Lhasa through industrial military asymmetry.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_INVASION
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::YOUNGHUSBAND_INVASION
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Younghusband invasion -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=British, Tibetan and comparative archival evidence.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: British, Tibetan and comparative archival evidence.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U037; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S085, TBT.S086
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G001, TBT.G004, TBT.G024

TBT.000187 | [MODERN_1900-002] 31 March 1904 CE | CHUMIK SHENKO KILLINGS
ENTITY: Chumik Shenko killings
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: British Indian firepower kills a large number of Tibetan defenders after a confrontation; sequence, intent and totals require source-labelled reconstruction.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_BATTLE
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::CHUMIK_SHENKO_KILLINGS
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Chumik Shenko killings -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Military archives, eyewitnesses and Tibetan accounts.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Military archives, eyewitnesses and Tibetan accounts.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U037; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S085, TBT.S086
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G001, TBT.G068

TBT.000188 | [MODERN_1900-003] 7 September 1904 CE | LHASA CONVENTION SIGNED UNDER OCCUPATION
ENTITY: Lhasa Convention signed under occupation
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tibetan representatives accept indemnity, trade and strategic restrictions under British military coercion; signature does not erase duress.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: COERCED_TREATY
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::LHASA_CONVENTION_SIGNED_UNDER_OCCUPATION
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Lhasa Convention signed under occupation -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Convention text and invasion context.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Convention text and invasion context.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U037; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S087, TBT.S085
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G045

TBT.000189 | [MODERN_1900-004] 1906 CE | ANGLO-CHINESE CONVENTION
ENTITY: Anglo-Chinese Convention
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Britain recognises Qing suzerainty language and China undertakes obligations concerning Tibet; Tibetan consent is not supplied by bilateral text.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::ANGLO_CHINESE_CONVENTION
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Anglo-Chinese Convention -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Treaty text and diplomatic archive.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Treaty text and diplomatic archive.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S088
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G063, TBT.G073, TBT.G086

TBT.000190 | [MODERN_1900-005] 1907 CE | ANGLO-RUSSIAN CONVENTION
ENTITY: Anglo-Russian Convention
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Britain and Russia agree not to negotiate with Tibet except through China, treating Tibetan agency as an object of imperial management.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::ANGLO_RUSSIAN_CONVENTION
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Anglo-Russian Convention -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Convention text and diplomatic context.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Convention text and diplomatic context.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S088
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G052, TBT.G063, TBT.G073

TBT.000191 | [MODERN_1900-006] 1905–1911 CE | EASTERN TIBETAN REVOLT AND QING NEW-POLICY EXPANSION
ENTITY: Eastern Tibetan revolt and Qing new-policy expansion
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Batang violence and Zhao Erfeng’s campaigns bring coercive administrative, military and educational restructuring to parts of Kham.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_COERCIVE
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::EASTERN_TIBETAN_REVOLT_AND_QING_NEW_POLICY_EXPANSION
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Eastern Tibetan revolt and Qing new-policy expansion -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Qing, missionary and Tibetan records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Qing, missionary and Tibetan records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034, TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S095, TBT.S084
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G020, TBT.G063

TBT.000192 | [MODERN_1900-007] 1910 CE | QING TROOPS ENTER LHASA
ENTITY: Qing troops enter Lhasa
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A Qing expedition displaces the Thirteenth Dalai Lama into British India and attempts direct administrative control.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_OCCUPATION
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::QING_TROOPS_ENTER_LHASA
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Qing troops enter Lhasa -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Qing, Tibetan and British records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Qing, Tibetan and British records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U034; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S084, TBT.S073
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G068, TBT.G076, TBT.G004

TBT.000193 | [MODERN_1900-008] 1911–1912 CE | QING IMPERIAL COLLAPSE REACHES TIBET
ENTITY: Qing imperial collapse reaches Tibet
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Revolution in China breaks the imperial command chain; Tibetan forces and officials expel remaining Qing troops from central Tibet.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_FISSION
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::QING_IMPERIAL_COLLAPSE_REACHES_TIBET
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Qing imperial collapse reaches Tibet -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan, Chinese and British diplomatic records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan, Chinese and British diplomatic records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090, TBT.S093
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G063, TBT.G052, TBT.G073

TBT.000194 | [MODERN_1900-009] 1912 CE | THIRTEENTH DALAI LAMA RETURNS TO LHASA
ENTITY: Thirteenth Dalai Lama returns to Lhasa
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: The Dalai Lama resumes government after exile as Qing forces depart and new Republican Chinese claims emerge.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_GOVERNMENT
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::THIRTEENTH_DALAI_LAMA_RETURNS_TO_LHASA
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Thirteenth Dalai Lama returns to Lhasa -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan government and diplomatic records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Tibetan government and diplomatic records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G004, TBT.G024

TBT.000195 | [MODERN_1900-010] 1913 CE | THIRTEENTH DALAI LAMA PROCLAMATION
ENTITY: Thirteenth Dalai Lama proclamation
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A proclamation rejects prior Chinese authority and asserts Tibetan political independence; text, operation and external recognition remain distinct.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_CLAIM
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::THIRTEENTH_DALAI_LAMA_PROCLAMATION
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Thirteenth Dalai Lama proclamation -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan text and diplomatic reception.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Tibetan text and diplomatic reception.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_AS_PRIMARY_CLAIM
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090, TBT.S073
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078

TBT.000196 | [MODERN_1900-011] 1913 CE | TIBET–MONGOLIA TREATY
ENTITY: Tibet–Mongolia treaty
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tibetan and Mongolian representatives exchange mutual-recognition language; authority, ratification and international effect remain debated.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY_CONTESTED
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::TIBET_MONGOLIA_TREATY
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Tibet–Mongolia treaty -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Treaty text and diplomatic history.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Treaty text and diplomatic history.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G045, TBT.G086

TBT.000197 | [MODERN_1900-012] 1913–1914 CE | SIMLA CONFERENCE
ENTITY: Simla Conference
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tibetan, British Indian and Chinese representatives negotiate status and boundaries; China initials but does not ratify the convention.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_CONFERENCE
WORLD_BANDS: W048–W049
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::SIMLA_CONFERENCE
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Simla Conference -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Conference records, drafts and maps.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Conference records, drafts and maps.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U038; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S089
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G069, TBT.G001, TBT.G068

TBT.000198 | [MODERN_1900-013] 1914 CE | MCMAHON LINE MAP EXCHANGE
ENTITY: McMahon Line map exchange
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: British and Tibetan representatives exchange a map concerning the eastern Himalayan boundary; later legal and territorial effects remain contested.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDARY_DOCUMENT
WORLD_BANDS: W049
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::MCMAHON_LINE_MAP_EXCHANGE
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> McMahon Line map exchange -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Simla maps and correspondence.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Simla maps and correspondence.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U038; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S089, TBT.S082
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G007, TBT.G050, TBT.G068

TBT.000199 | [MODERN_1900-014] 1917–1918 CE | TIBETAN–CHINESE FRONTIER WAR
ENTITY: Tibetan–Chinese frontier war
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Tibetan forces advance in eastern regions before a truce; effective control remains corridor- and district-specific.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W049
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::TIBETAN_CHINESE_FRONTIER_WAR
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Tibetan–Chinese frontier war -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Tibetan, Chinese and British records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Tibetan, Chinese and British records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039, TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000200 | [MODERN_1900-015] 1912–1950 CE | LHASA GOVERNMENT OPERATES DE FACTO
ENTITY: Lhasa government operates de facto
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: The Ganden Phodrang runs internal administration, taxation, courts, diplomacy and limited modern services in its effective territory while legal status and reach remain contested.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_GOVERNMENT_GRADED
WORLD_BANDS: W048–W053
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::LHASA_GOVERNMENT_OPERATES_DE_FACTO
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Lhasa government operates de facto -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Government records, foreign archives and social history.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Government records, foreign archives and social history.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039, TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090, TBT.S093
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G064, TBT.G004, TBT.G024

TBT.000201 | [MODERN_1900-016] 1910s–1930s CE | ARMY AND POLICE MODERNISATION
ENTITY: Army and police modernisation
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: The Lhasa government develops salaried military and police capabilities using British Indian training and imported equipment, constrained by fiscal and elite resistance.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W049–W051
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::ARMY_AND_POLICE_MODERNISATION
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Army and police modernisation -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Government, British and military records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Government, British and military records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G001, TBT.G004, TBT.G024

TBT.000202 | [MODERN_1900-017] 1910s–1940s CE | MINT, POST AND TELEGRAPH CAPABILITIES
ENTITY: Mint, post and telegraph capabilities
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Currency, stamps, postal routes and communications increase state legibility but remain limited in reach and maintenance.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_INFRASTRUCTURE
WORLD_BANDS: W049–W053
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::MINT_POST_AND_TELEGRAPH_CAPABILITIES
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Mint, post and telegraph capabilities -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Material objects, government records and foreign observations.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Material objects, government records and foreign observations.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000203 | [MODERN_1900-018] 1910s–1950 CE | ESTATE HIERARCHY CONTINUES UNDER REFORM DEBATE
ENTITY: Estate hierarchy continues under reform debate
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Aristocratic, monastic and government estates structure labour, tenancy and obligation; conditions vary and resist both romantic and propaganda totalisation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_SOCIAL_SYSTEM
WORLD_BANDS: W049–W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::ESTATE_HIERARCHY_CONTINUES_UNDER_REFORM_DEBATE
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Estate hierarchy continues under reform debate -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Estate records, accounts, legal history and oral testimony.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Estate records, accounts, legal history and oral testimony.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U036; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090, TBT.S101
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G080, TBT.G087

TBT.000204 | [MODERN_1900-019] 1920s CE | BRITISH-LINKED SCHOOL AND REFORM EXPERIMENTS
ENTITY: British-linked school and reform experiments
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Small educational and technical initiatives attempt institutional change but face political, fiscal and monastic resistance.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_INSTITUTIONS
WORLD_BANDS: W050
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::BRITISH_LINKED_SCHOOL_AND_REFORM_EXPERIMENTS
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> British-linked school and reform experiments -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Government and British archival records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Government and British archival records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G041, TBT.G068, TBT.G080

TBT.000205 | [MODERN_1900-020] 1933 CE | THIRTEENTH DALAI LAMA DIES
ENTITY: Thirteenth Dalai Lama dies
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: The ruler’s death activates regency and reincarnation search procedures while unresolved reform and security debts persist.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION
WORLD_BANDS: W051
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::THIRTEENTH_DALAI_LAMA_DIES
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Thirteenth Dalai Lama dies -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Government and biographical records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Government and biographical records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078, TBT.G080

TBT.000206 | [MODERN_1900-021] 1935 CE | FOURTEENTH DALAI LAMA BORN
ENTITY: Fourteenth Dalai Lama born
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Lhamo Dhondup is born in Amdo; later recognition does not retroactively place the birth under Lhasa control.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: PERSON_LIFECYCLE
WORLD_BANDS: W051
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::FOURTEENTH_DALAI_LAMA_BORN
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Fourteenth Dalai Lama born -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Biographical and local records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Biographical and local records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G004, TBT.G019

TBT.000207 | [MODERN_1900-022] 1939–1940 CE | FOURTEENTH DALAI LAMA RECOGNISED AND ENTHRONED
ENTITY: Fourteenth Dalai Lama recognised and enthroned
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Search, oracles, tests, negotiation and government recognition install the child as Dalai Lama; procedure, political mediation and community legitimacy are distinguishable.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION
WORLD_BANDS: W052
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::FOURTEENTH_DALAI_LAMA_RECOGNISED_AND_ENTHRONED
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Fourteenth Dalai Lama recognised and enthroned -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Government, biographical and diplomatic records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Government, biographical and diplomatic records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G065, TBT.G078

TBT.000208 | [MODERN_1900-023] 1939–1945 CE | SECOND WORLD WAR ROUTES BYPASS AND PRESSURE TIBET
ENTITY: Second World War routes bypass and pressure Tibet
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: Allied and Chinese efforts seek transport and diplomatic access while Lhasa attempts neutrality and manages supply interfaces.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_STRATEGIC
WORLD_BANDS: W052
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::SECOND_WORLD_WAR_ROUTES_BYPASS_AND_PRESSURE_TIBET
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Second World War routes bypass and pressure Tibet -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=British, Chinese, American and Tibetan diplomatic records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: British, Chinese, American and Tibetan diplomatic records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G045

TBT.000209 | [MODERN_1900-024] 1947–1948 CE | TIBETAN TRADE MISSION TRAVELS ABROAD
ENTITY: Tibetan trade mission travels abroad
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A Tibetan government mission visits India, China, the United States and Britain seeking trade and political space; reception falls short of universal recognition.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_DIPLOMACY
WORLD_BANDS: W053
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::TIBETAN_TRADE_MISSION_TRAVELS_ABROAD
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> Tibetan trade mission travels abroad -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=Mission records and foreign diplomatic archives.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Mission records and foreign diplomatic archives.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G068, TBT.G073

TBT.000210 | [MODERN_1900-025] 1949 CE | PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOUNDED
ENTITY: People’s Republic of China founded
ENTITY_TYPE: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION
EVENT: The PRC inherits and reformulates Chinese claims to Tibet with a consolidated party-state and army, changing the control geometry facing Lhasa.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_STATE
WORLD_BANDS: W053
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MODERN_STATE_TREATY_OR_INSTITUTION::PEOPLE_S_REPUBLIC_OF_CHINA_FOUNDED
HOST: Lhasa government, Tibetan regions and industrial-imperial interfaces
CARRIER: Tibetan officials and communities, Qing and Republican Chinese authorities, British India, troops, treaties, maps and trade agents
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: armed force; treaty diplomacy; border knowledge; taxation; communications; monastic and aristocratic institutions; external recognition
LINEAGE: MODERN_1900 predecessors -> People’s Republic of China founded -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=COERCIVE_DIPLOMATIC_AND_LEGAL_INTERFACE; attestation=PRC founding records and diplomatic history.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=arms_currency_communications; energy=animal_and_industrial; water=local; ecology=frontier; labour=estate_army_household; information=treaty_map_post; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: PRC founding records and diplomatic history.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S093, TBT.S094
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G073, TBT.G004, TBT.G024

TBT.000211 | [PRC_TRANSITION-001] October 1950 CE | BATTLE OF CHAMDO
ENTITY: Battle of Chamdo
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: People’s Liberation Army forces defeat the eastern Tibetan army and capture Chamdo, creating military leverage for negotiations.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_MILITARY
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::BATTLE_OF_CHAMDO
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Battle of Chamdo -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Chinese, Tibetan and scholarly operational histories; casualty totals vary.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Chinese, Tibetan and scholarly operational histories; casualty totals vary.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U041; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S093, TBT.S091
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G027, TBT.G071, TBT.G073

TBT.000212 | [PRC_TRANSITION-002] November 1950 CE | FOURTEENTH DALAI LAMA ASSUMES TEMPORAL AUTHORITY EARLY
ENTITY: Fourteenth Dalai Lama assumes temporal authority early
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: The fifteen-year-old Dalai Lama is given full governmental authority amid military crisis, compressing succession and executive clocks.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::FOURTEENTH_DALAI_LAMA_ASSUMES_TEMPORAL_AUTHORITY_EARLY
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Fourteenth Dalai Lama assumes temporal authority early -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Tibetan government and biographical records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_2_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORDED; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Tibetan government and biographical records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: No dedicated dispute object; ordinary source, boundary and revision controls remain active.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S091, TBT.S093
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078

TBT.000213 | [PRC_TRANSITION-003] 23 May 1951 CE | SEVENTEEN POINT AGREEMENT SIGNED
ENTITY: Seventeen Point Agreement signed
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Tibetan delegates sign an agreement with the PRC promising autonomy, religious protection and gradual reform under Chinese sovereignty; consent and authority are disputed.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED_AGREEMENT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::SEVENTEEN_POINT_AGREEMENT_SIGNED
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Seventeen Point Agreement signed -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Agreement text, negotiation records and competing institutional positions.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Agreement text, negotiation records and competing institutional positions.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_TEXT_CONTESTED_AUTHORITY
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U040; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S096, TBT.S097, TBT.S109
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G072, TBT.G080

TBT.000214 | [PRC_TRANSITION-004] September 1951 CE | PLA ENTERS LHASA
ENTITY: PLA enters Lhasa
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: PLA units arrive in Lhasa under the agreement’s new control arrangement, linking central Tibet to PRC military logistics.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_MILITARY
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::PLA_ENTERS_LHASA
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> PLA enters Lhasa -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Chinese, Tibetan and scholarly accounts.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Chinese, Tibetan and scholarly accounts.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U040; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S091, TBT.S093
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G045

TBT.000215 | [PRC_TRANSITION-005] 1951–1955 CE | DUAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER OPERATES
ENTITY: Dual administrative order operates
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Ganden Phodrang institutions continue alongside expanding PRC party, military and liaison structures; formal promises and lived power diverge by sector.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LAYERED_AUTHORITY
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::DUAL_ADMINISTRATIVE_ORDER_OPERATES
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Dual administrative order operates -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Agreement text, official records and Tibetan accounts.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Agreement text, official records and Tibetan accounts.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U040; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S091, TBT.S096
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G064, TBT.G056

TBT.000216 | [PRC_TRANSITION-006] 1954–1955 CE | DALAI LAMA VISITS BEIJING
ENTITY: Dalai Lama visits Beijing
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Fourteenth Dalai Lama attends the National People’s Congress and meets Mao and other leaders, participating in the new state framework without closing legitimacy disputes.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_COURT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::DALAI_LAMA_VISITS_BEIJING
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Dalai Lama visits Beijing -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=PRC and Tibetan memoir/documentary records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: PRC and Tibetan memoir/documentary records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U040; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S091
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G073, TBT.G078

TBT.000217 | [PRC_TRANSITION-007] 1955–1956 CE | PREPARATORY COMMITTEE FOR TAR FORMS
ENTITY: Preparatory Committee for TAR forms
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: A new regional institution is designed to integrate Tibetan and PRC administrative actors; representation and effective authority remain unequal and contested.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LEGAL_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::PREPARATORY_COMMITTEE_FOR_TAR_FORMS
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Preparatory Committee for TAR forms -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Official records and political histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Official records and political histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U040; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S092, TBT.S093
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000218 | [PRC_TRANSITION-008] mid-1950s CE | REFORM CLOCKS DIVERGE EAST AND WEST
ENTITY: Reform clocks diverge east and west
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Land and social reforms accelerate in Tibetan areas of Sichuan and Qinghai before central Tibet, generating distinct local conflicts.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_POLICY
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::REFORM_CLOCKS_DIVERGE_EAST_AND_WEST
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Reform clocks diverge east and west -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Regional, PRC, Tibetan and scholarly histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Regional, PRC, Tibetan and scholarly histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001, TBT.U036; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S092, TBT.S093
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G077, TBT.G080, TBT.G082

TBT.000219 | [PRC_TRANSITION-009] 1956–1958 CE | EASTERN TIBETAN RESISTANCE EXPANDS
ENTITY: Eastern Tibetan resistance expands
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Armed resistance grows in Kham and Amdo amid collectivisation, attacks on monasteries and state repression; actors and motives vary locally.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::EASTERN_TIBETAN_RESISTANCE_EXPANDS
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Eastern Tibetan resistance expands -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Chinese and Tibetan histories, oral accounts and declassified external records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Chinese and Tibetan histories, oral accounts and declassified external records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001, TBT.U042; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S092, TBT.S101
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G019, TBT.G020

TBT.000220 | [PRC_TRANSITION-010] 1956–1970s CE | CIA SUPPORT ENTERS RESISTANCE AND EXILE NETWORKS
ENTITY: CIA support enters resistance and exile networks
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: United States covert support trains and supplies some Tibetan resistance actors, adding an external military dependency without explaining the resistance’s whole origin.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_COVERT
WORLD_BANDS: W054–W056
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::CIA_SUPPORT_ENTERS_RESISTANCE_AND_EXILE_NETWORKS
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> CIA support enters resistance and exile networks -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Declassified records and participant histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Declassified records and participant histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U042; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S093, TBT.S101
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G087

TBT.000221 | [PRC_TRANSITION-011] 1958 CE | CHUSHI GANGDRUK FORCE ORGANISES
ENTITY: Chushi Gangdruk force organises
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: A Tibetan volunteer resistance formation consolidates armed opposition with strong eastern Tibetan participation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_MILITARY
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::CHUSHI_GANGDRUK_FORCE_ORGANISES
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Chushi Gangdruk force organises -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Participant accounts and modern histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Participant accounts and modern histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U042; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S093, TBT.S101
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000222 | [PRC_TRANSITION-012] 10–17 March 1959 CE | LHASA UPRISING
ENTITY: Lhasa uprising
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Mass mobilisation, political fear and armed confrontation surround the Norbulingka and Lhasa; triggers and planned agency remain contested.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: URBAN_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::LHASA_UPRISING
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Lhasa uprising -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=PRC accounts, Tibetan testimony, foreign reporting and scholarship.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: PRC accounts, Tibetan testimony, foreign reporting and scholarship.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_EVENT_CONTESTED_CAUSATION
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U042; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S093, TBT.S101, TBT.S108
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G045

TBT.000223 | [PRC_TRANSITION-013] 17–31 March 1959 CE | DALAI LAMA FLEES TO INDIA
ENTITY: Dalai Lama flees to India
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Fourteenth Dalai Lama and accompanying officials cross the Himalaya and receive asylum in India, moving religious-political functions into exile.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_FLIGHT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::DALAI_LAMA_FLEES_TO_INDIA
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Dalai Lama flees to India -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Indian, Tibetan, Chinese and international records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Indian, Tibetan, Chinese and international records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U042; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S093, TBT.S101
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G050, TBT.G068

TBT.000224 | [PRC_TRANSITION-014] March 1959 CE | GANDEN PHODRANG GOVERNMENT ABOLISHED IN TIBET
ENTITY: Ganden Phodrang government abolished in Tibet
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: PRC authorities dissolve the traditional Tibetan government and accelerate direct party-state administration and reform.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LEGAL_COERCIVE
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::GANDEN_PHODRANG_GOVERNMENT_ABOLISHED_IN_TIBET
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Ganden Phodrang government abolished in Tibet -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=PRC orders and Tibetan/exile records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: PRC orders and Tibetan/exile records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U042; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S093, TBT.S108
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G064, TBT.G056, TBT.G077

TBT.000225 | [PRC_TRANSITION-015] 1959 CE | DALAI LAMA REPUDIATES SEVENTEEN POINT AGREEMENT
ENTITY: Dalai Lama repudiates Seventeen Point Agreement
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: From India, the Dalai Lama declares the 1951 agreement invalid under coercion; the PRC rejects this interpretation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_CLAIM_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::DALAI_LAMA_REPUDIATES_SEVENTEEN_POINT_AGREEMENT
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Dalai Lama repudiates Seventeen Point Agreement -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Institutional statements and agreement history.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Institutional statements and agreement history.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_AS_CONFLICTING_POSITIONS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U040; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S109, TBT.S097
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G072, TBT.G076, TBT.G068

TBT.000226 | [PRC_TRANSITION-016] 1959–1962 CE | “DEMOCRATIC REFORM” AND LAND REDISTRIBUTION
ENTITY: “Democratic reform” and land redistribution
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: PRC programmes end older estate structures and redistribute/control property while also involving coercion, struggle sessions, detention and conflict; official benefit and Receiver harm remain separate.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_POLICY
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::DEMOCRATIC_REFORM_AND_LAND_REDISTRIBUTION
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> “Democratic reform” and land redistribution -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Official accounts, testimony and scholarship.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Official accounts, testimony and scholarship.
CLAIM_STATUS: CONTESTED_OUTCOMES_WITH_SECURE_POLICY
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U036, TBT.U042; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S108, TBT.S101, TBT.S093
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G080

TBT.000227 | [PRC_TRANSITION-017] 21 October 1959 CE | UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 1353
ENTITY: UN General Assembly Resolution 1353
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: The General Assembly calls for respect for fundamental human rights and Tibetan cultural and religious life; it is a resolution, not a sovereignty adjudication.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INTERNATIONAL_LEGAL_TEXT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::UN_GENERAL_ASSEMBLY_RESOLUTION_1353
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> UN General Assembly Resolution 1353 -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=UN resolution text.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: UN resolution text.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U042; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S098
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G079

TBT.000228 | [PRC_TRANSITION-018] 1959–1962 CE | GREAT LEAP FAMINE ACROSS TIBETAN REGIONS
ENTITY: Great Leap famine across Tibetan regions
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Collectivisation, procurement, ecological stress, disrupted herding and repression contribute to severe hunger and mortality with uneven measurement.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_HUMAN_CRISIS
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::GREAT_LEAP_FAMINE_ACROSS_TIBETAN_REGIONS
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Great Leap famine across Tibetan regions -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Demography, local histories, petition evidence and testimony.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Demography, local histories, petition evidence and testimony.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U043; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S102, TBT.S101
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000229 | [PRC_TRANSITION-019] 20 December 1961 CE | UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 1667
ENTITY: UN General Assembly Resolution 1667
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: A further UN resolution addresses self-determination and rights claims; its legal and political effects remain those of a General Assembly resolution.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INTERNATIONAL_LEGAL_TEXT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::UN_GENERAL_ASSEMBLY_RESOLUTION_1667
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> UN General Assembly Resolution 1667 -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=UN resolution text.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: UN resolution text.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U042; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S099
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000230 | [PRC_TRANSITION-020] 1962 CE | TENTH PANCHEN LAMA PETITION
ENTITY: Tenth Panchen Lama petition
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Panchen Lama submits an extensive critique of famine, repression and religious destruction to PRC leadership.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: PRIMARY_DOCUMENT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::TENTH_PANCHEN_LAMA_PETITION
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Tenth Panchen Lama petition -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Petition text, translation and contextual scholarship.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Petition text, translation and contextual scholarship.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U045, TBT.U043; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S102
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G078, TBT.G076, TBT.G079

TBT.000231 | [PRC_TRANSITION-021] 1960s CE onward | EXILE INSTITUTIONS REPRODUCE CAPABILITY
ENTITY: Exile institutions reproduce capability
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Tibetan refugees establish settlements, schools, monasteries, archives and representative institutions in India and elsewhere.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DIASPORA_NETWORK
WORLD_BANDS: W055–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::EXILE_INSTITUTIONS_REPRODUCE_CAPABILITY
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Exile institutions reproduce capability -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Host-state, exile-institution and community records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Host-state, exile-institution and community records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S109, TBT.S132
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G068

TBT.000232 | [PRC_TRANSITION-022] 9 September 1965 CE | TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION ESTABLISHED
ENTITY: Tibet Autonomous Region established
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: The PRC formally creates the TAR as a provincial-level autonomous region; it is not identical to all Tibetan areas or cultural Tibet.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LEGAL_HOST
WORLD_BANDS: W055
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::TIBET_AUTONOMOUS_REGION_ESTABLISHED
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Tibet Autonomous Region established -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=PRC legal and administrative records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: PRC legal and administrative records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S111, TBT.S110
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G074, TBT.G019, TBT.G020

TBT.000233 | [PRC_TRANSITION-023] 18 December 1965 CE | UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 2079
ENTITY: UN General Assembly Resolution 2079
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: A third General Assembly resolution addresses continuing rights concerns; no later UNGA Tibet resolution supersedes it at the freeze.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INTERNATIONAL_LEGAL_TEXT
WORLD_BANDS: W055
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::UN_GENERAL_ASSEMBLY_RESOLUTION_2079
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> UN General Assembly Resolution 2079 -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=UN resolution text.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: UN resolution text.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S100
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000234 | [PRC_TRANSITION-024] 1966–1976 CE | CULTURAL REVOLUTION DESTRUCTION FIELD
ENTITY: Cultural Revolution destruction field
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Monasteries, images, texts and ritual life are attacked across Tibetan regions while people face political persecution, factional violence and labour coercion.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_DESTRUCTION
WORLD_BANDS: W055–W056
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::CULTURAL_REVOLUTION_DESTRUCTION_FIELD
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Cultural Revolution destruction field -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Site evidence, official history, testimony and scholarship.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Site evidence, official history, testimony and scholarship.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U044; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S101, TBT.S093
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G079, TBT.G073

TBT.000235 | [PRC_TRANSITION-025] 1960s–1970s CE | COMMUNES REORGANISE LIVELIHOOD
ENTITY: Communes reorganise livelihood
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Collective production and state procurement transform farming and pastoral systems, with local variation in welfare, coercion and ecological effect.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_POLICY
WORLD_BANDS: W055–W056
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::COMMUNES_REORGANISE_LIVELIHOOD
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Communes reorganise livelihood -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Official records, local histories and testimony.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Official records, local histories and testimony.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U043; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S104, TBT.S101
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006

TBT.000236 | [PRC_TRANSITION-026] late 1970s–1980s CE | REFORM AND DECOLLECTIVISATION
ENTITY: Reform and decollectivisation
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Household production, markets and mobility partially recover while state administration remains dominant.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_POLICY
WORLD_BANDS: W056–W057
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::REFORM_AND_DECOLLECTIVISATION
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Reform and decollectivisation -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Economic data, policy records and household histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Economic data, policy records and household histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U052; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S105, TBT.S104
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G077, TBT.G080

TBT.000237 | [PRC_TRANSITION-027] 1980 CE | HU YAOBANG VISIT AND REFORM SIGNAL
ENTITY: Hu Yaobang visit and reform signal
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Senior PRC leadership acknowledges serious policy failures and calls for cultural, economic and cadre reforms; later implementation proves uneven.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: POLICY_SIGNAL
WORLD_BANDS: W057
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::HU_YAOBANG_VISIT_AND_REFORM_SIGNAL
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Hu Yaobang visit and reform signal -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Official and scholarly political histories.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Official and scholarly political histories.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S093
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G079, TBT.G080

TBT.000238 | [PRC_TRANSITION-028] 1980s CE | MONASTERIES AND CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS REOPEN
ENTITY: Monasteries and cultural institutions reopen
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Religious practice, printing, language work and pilgrimage revive under licensing, resource constraints and continuing state control.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_REPAIR
WORLD_BANDS: W057
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::MONASTERIES_AND_CULTURAL_INSTITUTIONS_REOPEN
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Monasteries and cultural institutions reopen -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Institutional records, fieldwork and testimony.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Institutional records, fieldwork and testimony.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U051; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S095, TBT.S103
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G079, TBT.G086

TBT.000239 | [PRC_TRANSITION-029] 1987–1989 CE | LHASA PROTEST CYCLE
ENTITY: Lhasa protest cycle
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: Demonstrations for independence and rights, policing, arrests and urban unrest escalate across several episodes.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: URBAN_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W057
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::LHASA_PROTEST_CYCLE
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Lhasa protest cycle -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Witnesses, rights reports, official accounts and scholarship.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Witnesses, rights reports, official accounts and scholarship.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_EVENT_CONTESTED_DETAILS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S093, TBT.S106
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G045

TBT.000240 | [PRC_TRANSITION-030] 1988 CE | STRASBOURG PROPOSAL AND MIDDLE WAY FRAMEWORK
ENTITY: Strasbourg proposal and Middle Way framework
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Dalai Lama advances autonomy rather than full independence as a negotiation framework; acceptance, territorial scope and constitutional fit remain contested.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_PROPOSAL
WORLD_BANDS: W057
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::STRASBOURG_PROPOSAL_AND_MIDDLE_WAY_FRAMEWORK
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Strasbourg proposal and Middle Way framework -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Dalai institution and diplomatic records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Dalai institution and diplomatic records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_AS_PROPOSAL
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S109
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078

TBT.000241 | [PRC_TRANSITION-031] 1989 CE | MARTIAL LAW IMPOSED IN LHASA
ENTITY: Martial law imposed in Lhasa
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: PRC authorities impose martial law after protest and unrest, expanding coercive control and information restriction.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LEGAL_COERCIVE
WORLD_BANDS: W057
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::MARTIAL_LAW_IMPOSED_IN_LHASA
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Martial law imposed in Lhasa -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Official notices, reporting and testimony.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Official notices, reporting and testimony.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S093, TBT.S106
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G045

TBT.000242 | [PRC_TRANSITION-032] 1989 CE | TENTH PANCHEN LAMA DIES
ENTITY: Tenth Panchen Lama dies
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Panchen Lama’s death activates a high-stakes recognition process within competing religious and state-control systems.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION
WORLD_BANDS: W057
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::TENTH_PANCHEN_LAMA_DIES
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Tenth Panchen Lama dies -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Public and institutional records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Public and institutional records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U046; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S093
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G078, TBT.G006, TBT.G076

TBT.000243 | [PRC_TRANSITION-033] 1989 CE | DALAI LAMA RECEIVES NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
ENTITY: Dalai Lama receives Nobel Peace Prize
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM
EVENT: International recognition increases the exile institution’s global information reach without settling Tibet’s legal status.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: GLOBAL_INSTITUTIONAL
WORLD_BANDS: W057
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_DECADE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: STATE_TRANSFORMATION_OR_LIVED_SYSTEM::DALAI_LAMA_RECEIVES_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE
HOST: PRC, Ganden Phodrang remnant, TAR, Tibetan areas, India and exile hosts
CARRIER: state and party institutions, soldiers, Tibetan officials, monks, farmers, herders, prisoners, refugees, documents and infrastructure
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: PLA and party-state control; food and transport; cadres; law; collectivisation; schools; monasteries; external and exile networks
LINEAGE: PRC_TRANSITION predecessors -> Dalai Lama receives Nobel Peace Prize -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=STATE_INTEGRATION_COERCION_AND_SOCIAL_TRANSFORMATION; attestation=Nobel and institutional records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=food_land_infrastructure; energy=mass_state; water=planned; ecology=policy_affected; labour=collective_coerced_and_paid; information=school_media_archive; legitimacy=conflicted
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR4_TRANSREGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNALIZED_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Nobel and institutional records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U039; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S109
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078

TBT.000244 | [CONTEMPORARY-001] 1991 CE | CTA CHARTER AND DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION
ENTITY: CTA charter and democratic transition
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: The exile polity adopts a charter and develops elected institutions, shifting political function away from exclusive clerical-personal rule.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DIASPORA_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W058
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::CTA_CHARTER_AND_DEMOCRATIC_TRANSITION
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> CTA charter and democratic transition -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=CTA parliamentary and legal records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: CTA parliamentary and legal records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S132
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000245 | [CONTEMPORARY-002] 1995 CE | DALAI-RECOGNISED PANCHEN CHILD
ENTITY: Dalai-recognised Panchen child
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: The Dalai Lama recognises Gedhun Choekyi Nyima; PRC authorities reject the process and remove the child from public access.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED_SUCCESSION
WORLD_BANDS: W058
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::DALAI_RECOGNISED_PANCHEN_CHILD
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Dalai-recognised Panchen child -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Institutional announcements and rights reporting.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Institutional announcements and rights reporting.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_AS_EVENT_AND_CLAIM_CONFLICT
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U046; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S106, TBT.S109
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078

TBT.000246 | [CONTEMPORARY-003] 1995 CE | PRC-RECOGNISED PANCHEN LAMA INSTALLED
ENTITY: PRC-recognised Panchen Lama installed
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: A state-controlled Golden Urn process recognises Gyaincain Norbu; ritual procedure, state approval and community legitimacy remain separate.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED_SUCCESSION
WORLD_BANDS: W058
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::PRC_RECOGNISED_PANCHEN_LAMA_INSTALLED
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> PRC-recognised Panchen Lama installed -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=PRC records and independent scholarship.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: PRC records and independent scholarship.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_AS_EVENT_CONTESTED_LEGITIMACY
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U046, TBT.U035; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S077, TBT.S106
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G065, TBT.G078, TBT.G076

TBT.000247 | [CONTEMPORARY-004] 1999–2000 CE | SEVENTEENTH KARMAPA LEAVES TIBET
ENTITY: Seventeenth Karmapa leaves Tibet
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Ogyen Trinley Dorje travels to India, moving a major lineage’s personal and institutional centre while rival recognition questions remain.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_FLIGHT
WORLD_BANDS: W058
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::SEVENTEENTH_KARMAPA_LEAVES_TIBET
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Seventeenth Karmapa leaves Tibet -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Institutional, Indian and international records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Institutional, Indian and international records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U051; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S071, TBT.S106
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G041, TBT.G068

TBT.000248 | [CONTEMPORARY-005] 2000s CE | WESTERN DEVELOPMENT ACCELERATES INFRASTRUCTURE
ENTITY: Western Development accelerates infrastructure
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Large state investment expands roads, urban construction, extraction, services and migration interfaces; gains and distributional costs require Receiver-level measurement.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_POLICY
WORLD_BANDS: W059
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::WESTERN_DEVELOPMENT_ACCELERATES_INFRASTRUCTURE
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Western Development accelerates infrastructure -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Official statistics and independent development analysis.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Official statistics and independent development analysis.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U049; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S105, TBT.S104
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G022

TBT.000249 | [CONTEMPORARY-006] 2002–2010 CE | SINO-TIBETAN DIALOGUE ROUNDS
ENTITY: Sino-Tibetan dialogue rounds
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Envoys of the Dalai Lama and PRC officials conduct talks that do not produce a settlement and later lapse.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSREGIONAL_NEGOTIATION
WORLD_BANDS: W059–W060
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::SINO_TIBETAN_DIALOGUE_ROUNDS
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Sino-Tibetan dialogue rounds -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Institutional statements and diplomatic reporting.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Institutional statements and diplomatic reporting.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S109
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078

TBT.000250 | [CONTEMPORARY-007] 1 July 2006 CE | QINGHAI–TIBET RAILWAY OPENS TO LHASA
ENTITY: Qinghai–Tibet Railway opens to Lhasa
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Rail connects Lhasa to the national network, lowering transport cost and scaling tourism, goods, migration and military logistics.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_INFRASTRUCTURE
WORLD_BANDS: W059
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::QINGHAI_TIBET_RAILWAY_OPENS_TO_LHASA
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Qinghai–Tibet Railway opens to Lhasa -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Official opening records and economic analysis.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Official opening records and economic analysis.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U049; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S124, TBT.S105
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G082, TBT.G083, TBT.G004

TBT.000251 | [CONTEMPORARY-008] 2007 CE | STATE ADMINISTRATION ORDER NO. 5
ENTITY: State Administration Order No. 5
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: PRC regulation formalises state approval claims over reincarnation processes, placing religious recognition inside an administrative permission system.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LEGAL_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W059
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::STATE_ADMINISTRATION_ORDER_NO_5
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> State Administration Order No. 5 -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Regulatory text and institutional analysis.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Regulatory text and institutional analysis.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U046, TBT.U056; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S077, TBT.S106
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G077

TBT.000252 | [CONTEMPORARY-009] March 2008 CE | PROTESTS SPREAD ACROSS TIBETAN REGIONS
ENTITY: Protests spread across Tibetan regions
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Monastic demonstrations, wider protests, riots, policing, detention and information restriction unfold differently across TAR and Tibetan areas in other provinces.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_CONFLICT
WORLD_BANDS: W059
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::PROTESTS_SPREAD_ACROSS_TIBETAN_REGIONS
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Protests spread across Tibetan regions -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Official reports, testimony, rights documentation and media with access limits.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Official reports, testimony, rights documentation and media with access limits.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_EVENT_CONTESTED_DETAILS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U047, TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S106, TBT.S103
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G087

TBT.000253 | [CONTEMPORARY-010] 2009–2022 CE | SELF-IMMOLATION PROTEST CASES
ENTITY: Self-immolation protest cases
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Individuals self-immolate in a constrained information environment; personal motive, protest context and institutional interpretation are kept case-specific.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_PERSON_CASES
WORLD_BANDS: W060–W064
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::SELF_IMMOLATION_PROTEST_CASES
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Self-immolation protest cases -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Case documentation, family/community reports, official statements and rights sources.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: bounded human agents alter control; motive, command and effect require separate evidence
EVIDENCE: Case documentation, family/community reports, official statements and rights sources.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U048; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S106
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G041, TBT.G081

TBT.000254 | [CONTEMPORARY-011] 2010s–2026 CE | DIGITAL SURVEILLANCE AND GRID MANAGEMENT EXPAND
ENTITY: Digital surveillance and grid management expand
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Cameras, checkpoints, identity systems, phone monitoring and data-intensive policing increase state sensing while restricting private correction and dissent.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_CONTROL
WORLD_BANDS: W060–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::DIGITAL_SURVEILLANCE_AND_GRID_MANAGEMENT_EXPAND
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Digital surveillance and grid management expand -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Legal, technical, testimonial and rights evidence with access limits.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Legal, technical, testimonial and rights evidence with access limits.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S106, TBT.S131
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006

TBT.000255 | [CONTEMPORARY-012] 2010s–2026 CE | PASTORAL RESETTLEMENT AND LABOUR TRANSFER
ENTITY: Pastoral resettlement and labour transfer
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Ecological policy, settlement construction and employment programmes move households and livelihoods; welfare, consent, culture and grassland outcomes vary.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_POLICY
WORLD_BANDS: W060–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::PASTORAL_RESETTLEMENT_AND_LABOUR_TRANSFER
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Pastoral resettlement and labour transfer -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Official statistics, household research and UN/rights concerns.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Official statistics, household research and UN/rights concerns.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U052; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S104, TBT.S116
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000256 | [CONTEMPORARY-013] 2011 CE | DALAI LAMA DEVOLVES FORMAL POLITICAL AUTHORITY
ENTITY: Dalai Lama devolves formal political authority
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: The Fourteenth Dalai Lama ends his formal role in the elected exile administration, separating religious succession from CTA executive office.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DIASPORA_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W060
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::DALAI_LAMA_DEVOLVES_FORMAL_POLITICAL_AUTHORITY
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Dalai Lama devolves formal political authority -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=CTA constitutional and election records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: CTA constitutional and election records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001, TBT.U056; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S132
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078, TBT.G077

TBT.000257 | [CONTEMPORARY-014] 2011 CE onward | CTA ELECTED EXECUTIVE CONTINUES
ENTITY: CTA elected executive continues
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Sikyong elections and parliament reproduce exile political functions across a transnational community, without universal sovereign recognition.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DIASPORA_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W060–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::CTA_ELECTED_EXECUTIVE_CONTINUES
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> CTA elected executive continues -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=CTA and host-state records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: CTA and host-state records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U001; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S132
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000258 | [CONTEMPORARY-015] 2014 CE | LHASA–SHIGATSE RAILWAY OPENS
ENTITY: Lhasa–Shigatse Railway opens
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Rail extends west from Lhasa, increasing passenger, freight, tourism and strategic capacity.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_INFRASTRUCTURE
WORLD_BANDS: W060
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::LHASA_SHIGATSE_RAILWAY_OPENS
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Lhasa–Shigatse Railway opens -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Official rail records.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Official rail records.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U049; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S124
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G083, TBT.G004, TBT.G024

TBT.000259 | [CONTEMPORARY-016] 2010s–2020s CE | URBANISATION AND TOURISM SCALE
ENTITY: Urbanisation and tourism scale
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: State investment and visitor flows transform Lhasa and regional towns; income, housing, heritage, language and seasonal employment effects remain unequal.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_URBAN
WORLD_BANDS: W060–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::URBANISATION_AND_TOURISM_SCALE
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Urbanisation and tourism scale -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Official data, urban studies and lived testimony.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Official data, urban studies and lived testimony.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U049; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S103, TBT.S105
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G045

TBT.000260 | [CONTEMPORARY-017] 2010s–2020s CE | POVERTY-ALLEVIATION CLAIMS AND BASEFLOOR TESTS
ENTITY: Poverty-alleviation claims and BaseFloor tests
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Official sources report major poverty reduction and service expansion; household autonomy, income durability, cultural cost and independent verification remain separate.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_POLICY
WORLD_BANDS: W060–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::POVERTY_ALLEVIATION_CLAIMS_AND_BASEFLOOR_TESTS
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Poverty-alleviation claims and BaseFloor tests -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Official indicators and independent economic analysis.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Official indicators and independent economic analysis.
CLAIM_STATUS: OFFICIAL_CLAIM_WITH_PARTIAL_CORROBORATION
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U049, TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S113, TBT.S105
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G079

TBT.000261 | [CONTEMPORARY-018] 2010s–2026 CE | TIBETAN-MEDIUM EDUCATION CONTRACTS
ENTITY: Tibetan-medium education contracts
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: School consolidation, Mandarin-dominant curricula and boarding expand state reach while Tibetan-language transmission outcomes become contested.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_EDUCATION
WORLD_BANDS: W060–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::TIBETAN_MEDIUM_EDUCATION_CONTRACTS
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Tibetan-medium education contracts -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Policy, curriculum, school, UN-expert and rights evidence; access restricted.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Policy, curriculum, school, UN-expert and rights evidence; access restricted.
CLAIM_STATUS: CONTESTED_LIVE_SYSTEM
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U050; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S107, TBT.S114, TBT.S115
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G085, TBT.G086

TBT.000262 | [CONTEMPORARY-019] 2010s–2026 CE | RELIGIOUS REGULATION INTENSIFIES
ENTITY: Religious regulation intensifies
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Monasteries operate under registration, patriotic education, surveillance and personnel controls while official sources report protection of normal religious activity.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION
WORLD_BANDS: W060–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::RELIGIOUS_REGULATION_INTENSIFIES
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> Religious regulation intensifies -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Law, official counts, rights reports and participant evidence.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Law, official counts, rights reports and participant evidence.
CLAIM_STATUS: CONTESTED_LIVE_SYSTEM
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U051, TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S112, TBT.S106
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000263 | [CONTEMPORARY-020] 2020 CE | COVID-19 REACHES PLATEAU SYSTEMS
ENTITY: COVID-19 reaches plateau systems
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK
EVENT: Pandemic controls affect movement, pilgrimage, schools and household economies; reporting and local burden are uneven.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_YEAR
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_HEALTH
WORLD_BANDS: W062
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME6_YEAR
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_REGIONAL_SYSTEM
FUNCTION: CONTEMPORARY_INSTITUTION_OR_NETWORK::COVID_19_REACHES_PLATEAU_SYSTEMS
HOST: TAR, Tibetan autonomous areas, PRC national systems and diaspora networks
CARRIER: residents, officials, students, monks, workers, migrants, travellers, data, capital, infrastructure and regulated institutions
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: party-state law; fiscal transfer; rail and digital networks; schools; surveillance; tourism; energy; monastic regulation; diaspora communication
LINEAGE: CONTEMPORARY predecessors -> COVID-19 reaches plateau systems -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LEGAL_INFRASTRUCTURAL_AND_LIVED_EXPRESSION; attestation=Public-health reporting, official data and local evidence.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG3_LAYERED_COERCIVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=housing_transport_energy; energy=grid_fossil_hydro; water=basin_coupled; ecology=high_pressure; labour=wage_household_monastic; information=digital_regulated; legitimacy=contested
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE_AND_RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR5_DIASPORA
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_INTERREGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: persons move through a route or forced/voluntary displacement; ancestry and title do not follow automatically
EVIDENCE: Public-health reporting, official data and local evidence.
CLAIM_STATUS: SUPPORTED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S113, TBT.S106
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G006

TBT.000264 | [LIVE_TAIL-001] 25 June 2021 CE | LHASA–NYINGCHI RAILWAY OPENS
ENTITY: Lhasa–Nyingchi Railway opens
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: Electrified rail connects Lhasa with Nyingchi, scaling movement and state logistics through an environmentally and seismically sensitive corridor.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_INFRASTRUCTURE
WORLD_BANDS: W063
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::LHASA_NYINGCHI_RAILWAY_OPENS
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Lhasa–Nyingchi Railway opens -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Official opening and network data.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: EMERGENCE_ACTIVATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Official opening and network data.
CLAIM_STATUS: LIVE_VERIFIED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U055; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S124
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G083, TBT.G004, TBT.G024, TBT.G090

TBT.000265 | [LIVE_TAIL-002] 2021–2026 CE | CLIMATE WATER-TOWER RISK INTENSIFIES
ENTITY: Climate water-tower risk intensifies
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: Observed warming, glacier loss, lake expansion and permafrost degradation reorganise water and infrastructure risk across basins.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: DISTRIBUTED_LIVE_SYSTEM
WORLD_BANDS: W063–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::CLIMATE_WATER_TOWER_RISK_INTENSIFIES
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Climate water-tower risk intensifies -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=IPCC assessment plus recent observation and models.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: energy changes form or availability; no human motive is inferred from the process
EVIDENCE: IPCC assessment plus recent observation and models.
CLAIM_STATUS: LIVE_SUPPORTED_WITH_UNCERTAINTY
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U055, TBT.U004; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S019, TBT.S020, TBT.S017
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G089, TBT.G090

TBT.000266 | [LIVE_TAIL-003] 6 February 2023 CE | UN EXPERTS RAISE BOARDING-SCHOOL CONCERN
ENTITY: UN experts raise boarding-school concern
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: UN experts state that around one million Tibetan children may be separated from families in a residential-school system they fear accelerates assimilation; this is a concern, not a judgment.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: UN_EXPERT_CLAIM
WORLD_BANDS: W065
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::UN_EXPERTS_RAISE_BOARDING_SCHOOL_CONCERN
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> UN experts raise boarding-school concern -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=OHCHR special-procedure statement and cited information.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: OHCHR special-procedure statement and cited information.
CLAIM_STATUS: UN_EXPERT_CONCERN
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U050, TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S114
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G085, TBT.G090

TBT.000267 | [LIVE_TAIL-004] 23 August 2023 CE | PRC REJECTS FORCED-ASSIMILATION CLAIM
ENTITY: PRC rejects forced-assimilation claim
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: The PRC states that Tibetan boarding schools are voluntary or necessary for dispersed populations and provide language and cultural education; implementation remains independently testable.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: OFFICIAL_REPLY
WORLD_BANDS: W065
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::PRC_REJECTS_FORCED_ASSIMILATION_CLAIM
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> PRC rejects forced-assimilation claim -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Official foreign-ministry/embassy response.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Official foreign-ministry/embassy response.
CLAIM_STATUS: OFFICIAL_CLAIM
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U050; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S115
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G079, TBT.G085, TBT.G086, TBT.G090

TBT.000268 | [LIVE_TAIL-005] 27 April 2023 CE | UN EXPERTS RAISE LABOUR-TRANSFER CONCERN
ENTITY: UN experts raise labour-transfer concern
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: UN experts warn that vocational and labour-transfer programmes may risk coercion and cultural loss; programme variation and state responses remain separate.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: UN_EXPERT_CLAIM
WORLD_BANDS: W065
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::UN_EXPERTS_RAISE_LABOUR_TRANSFER_CONCERN
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> UN experts raise labour-transfer concern -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=OHCHR special-procedure statement.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: OHCHR special-procedure statement.
CLAIM_STATUS: UN_EXPERT_CONCERN
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U052, TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S116
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G079, TBT.G090

TBT.000269 | [LIVE_TAIL-006] November 2023 CE | PRC GOVERNANCE WHITE PAPER
ENTITY: PRC governance white paper
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: The State Council publishes its official account of development, rights, religion, ecology and governance under the name Xizang; official reporting is not independent outcome proof.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: OFFICIAL_POSITION
WORLD_BANDS: W065
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::PRC_GOVERNANCE_WHITE_PAPER
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> PRC governance white paper -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=State Council Information Office white paper.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: State Council Information Office white paper.
CLAIM_STATUS: OFFICIAL_CLAIM
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S112
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000270 | [LIVE_TAIL-007] December 2024 CE | LOWER YARLUNG HYDROPOWER APPROVED
ENTITY: Lower Yarlung hydropower approved
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: The PRC approves a very large hydropower project on the lower Yarlung Tsangpo; approval precedes disclosed construction and operating outcomes.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_MONTH
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSBOUNDARY_PROJECT
WORLD_BANDS: W066
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::LOWER_YARLUNG_HYDROPOWER_APPROVED
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Lower Yarlung hydropower approved -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Official approval reporting and later construction announcement.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Official approval reporting and later construction announcement.
CLAIM_STATUS: LIVE_VERIFIED_WITH_DESIGN_GAPS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U053; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S125, TBT.S126
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G084, TBT.G002, TBT.G008, TBT.G090

TBT.000271 | [LIVE_TAIL-008] 7 January 2025 CE | TINGRI EARTHQUAKE
ENTITY: Tingri earthquake
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: A shallow magnitude 7.1 earthquake strikes the southern plateau near Tingri, causing building collapse, deaths, displacement and infrastructure damage.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED_HAZARD_REGION
WORLD_BANDS: W067
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::TINGRI_EARTHQUAKE
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Tingri earthquake -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=USGS measurement and official/local impact reports.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=FOUNDATION_0; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: energy changes form or availability; no human motive is inferred from the process
EVIDENCE: USGS measurement and official/local impact reports.
CLAIM_STATUS: LIVE_VERIFIED_WITH_CASUALTY_DISPUTE
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U054; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S127, TBT.S128
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000272 | [LIVE_TAIL-009] January 2025–July 2026 CE | TINGRI RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION
ENTITY: Tingri recovery and reconstruction
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: Shelter, rebuilding, heritage repair and relocation proceed under official programmes; household outcomes and full casualty audit remain access-limited.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RANGE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: REGIONAL_REPAIR
WORLD_BANDS: W067–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::TINGRI_RECOVERY_AND_RECONSTRUCTION
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Tingri recovery and reconstruction -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Official reconstruction reporting and constrained external observation.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_3_INDUSTRIAL_MASS_INSTITUTION; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: matter changes location, custody or usable stock; energy and agency remain separate
EVIDENCE: Official reconstruction reporting and constrained external observation.
CLAIM_STATUS: OFFICIAL_CLAIM_PARTIALLY_VERIFIABLE
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U054, TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S128
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000273 | [LIVE_TAIL-010] 28 March 2025 CE | PRC HUMAN-RIGHTS WHITE PAPER
ENTITY: PRC human-rights white paper
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: The State Council publishes state-reported improvements in subsistence, education, health, culture and rights; claim, denominator and independent Receiver outcome remain separated.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: OFFICIAL_POSITION
WORLD_BANDS: W067
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::PRC_HUMAN_RIGHTS_WHITE_PAPER
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> PRC human-rights white paper -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Official white paper.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Official white paper.
CLAIM_STATUS: OFFICIAL_CLAIM
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U058, TBT.U049; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S113
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000274 | [LIVE_TAIL-011] 2 July 2025 CE | DALAI LAMA SUCCESSION STATEMENT
ENTITY: Dalai Lama succession statement
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: The Fourteenth Dalai Lama affirms continuation of the institution and says the Gaden Phodrang Trust alone has authority to recognise a future reincarnation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INSTITUTIONAL_POSITION
WORLD_BANDS: W067
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::DALAI_LAMA_SUCCESSION_STATEMENT
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Dalai Lama succession statement -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Primary institutional statement.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Primary institutional statement.
CLAIM_STATUS: PRIMARY_INSTITUTIONAL_CLAIM
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U056; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S121
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078, TBT.G064, TBT.G090

TBT.000275 | [LIVE_TAIL-012] 3 July 2025 CE | PRC SUCCESSION RESPONSE
ENTITY: PRC succession response
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: PRC representatives state that recognition of a future Dalai Lama must follow historical conventions, including central-government approval.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: OFFICIAL_POSITION
WORLD_BANDS: W067
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::PRC_SUCCESSION_RESPONSE
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> PRC succession response -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Official spokesperson statement.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Official spokesperson statement.
CLAIM_STATUS: OFFICIAL_CLAIM
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U056, TBT.U035; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S122
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078, TBT.G077, TBT.G090

TBT.000276 | [LIVE_TAIL-013] 19 July 2025 CE | YARLUNG PROJECT CONSTRUCTION ANNOUNCED
ENTITY: Yarlung project construction announced
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: China’s premier announces construction of five cascade hydropower stations with very large projected investment; ecology and downstream concerns remain unresolved.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: TRANSBOUNDARY_PROJECT
WORLD_BANDS: W067
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::YARLUNG_PROJECT_CONSTRUCTION_ANNOUNCED
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Yarlung project construction announced -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Official announcement plus source-labelled downstream reporting.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: tax, investment, property, tribute or labour value changes control and distribution
EVIDENCE: Official announcement plus source-labelled downstream reporting.
CLAIM_STATUS: LIVE_VERIFIED_WITH_CONTESTED_EFFECTS
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U053; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S125, TBT.S126
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G084, TBT.G002, TBT.G008, TBT.G090

TBT.000277 | [LIVE_TAIL-014] 22 January 2026 CE | UN EXPERTS REPORT FORCED-LABOUR CONCERNS
ENTITY: UN experts report forced-labour concerns
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: UN experts raise allegations concerning forced labour affecting Uyghur, Tibetan and other minorities; allegation, individual case and adjudication remain distinct.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: UN_EXPERT_CLAIM
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::UN_EXPERTS_REPORT_FORCED_LABOUR_CONCERNS
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> UN experts report forced-labour concerns -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=OHCHR special-procedure statement.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: OHCHR special-procedure statement.
CLAIM_STATUS: UN_EXPERT_CONCERN
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U058, TBT.U052; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S117
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000278 | [LIVE_TAIL-015] 12 March 2026 CE | ETHNIC UNITY AND PROGRESS LAW ADOPTED
ENTITY: Ethnic Unity and Progress Law adopted
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: China’s national legislature adopts a law promoting ethnic unity and development; the enacted text and official purpose precede implementation outcomes.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LEGAL_HOST
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::ETHNIC_UNITY_AND_PROGRESS_LAW_ADOPTED
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Ethnic Unity and Progress Law adopted -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Official adoption report and statutory description.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: DECLINE_FISSION_OR_TERMINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Official adoption report and statutory description.
CLAIM_STATUS: LIVE_VERIFIED_LEGAL_EVENT
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U057; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S119
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G073, TBT.G090

TBT.000279 | [LIVE_TAIL-016] 16 April 2026 CE | UN EXPERTS QUESTION 2026 ETHNIC-UNITY LAW
ENTITY: UN experts question 2026 ethnic-unity law
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: UN Special Procedures communicate concerns about linguistic, cultural, religious, expression and transnational-repression risks; this is a legal concern, not a court ruling.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: UN_EXPERT_LEGAL_CLAIM
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::UN_EXPERTS_QUESTION_2026_ETHNIC_UNITY_LAW
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> UN experts question 2026 ethnic-unity law -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Published UN communication.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Published UN communication.
CLAIM_STATUS: UN_EXPERT_CONCERN
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U057, TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S118
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G079, TBT.G090

TBT.000280 | [LIVE_TAIL-017] 1 July 2026 CE | ETHNIC UNITY AND PROGRESS LAW TAKES EFFECT
ENTITY: Ethnic Unity and Progress Law takes effect
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: The 2026 law commences nationally; regulations, cases, enforcement and actual effects are not yet mature at the freeze.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: LEGAL_HOST
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::ETHNIC_UNITY_AND_PROGRESS_LAW_TAKES_EFFECT
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Ethnic Unity and Progress Law takes effect -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Official commencement report.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: a capability survives or changes by entering a new declared host with dependencies
EVIDENCE: Official commencement report.
CLAIM_STATUS: LIVE_VERIFIED_LEGAL_EVENT
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U057; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S120
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000281 | [LIVE_TAIL-018] 6 July 2026 CE | FOURTEENTH DALAI LAMA TURNS NINETY-ONE
ENTITY: Fourteenth Dalai Lama turns ninety-one
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: The Dalai Lama remains alive and publicly active at age ninety-one; no succession event has occurred.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: PERSON_LIVE_STATE
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::FOURTEENTH_DALAI_LAMA_TURNS_NINETY_ONE
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Fourteenth Dalai Lama turns ninety-one -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Primary institutional current record.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: state A becomes state B through a dated process; successor identity is not assumed
EVIDENCE: Primary institutional current record.
CLAIM_STATUS: LIVE_VERIFIED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U056, TBT.U059; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S123
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078, TBT.G090

TBT.000282 | [LIVE_TAIL-019] 22 July 2026 CE | WANG HUNING CONCLUDES TIBET VISIT
ENTITY: Wang Huning concludes Tibet visit
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: A senior Chinese leader calls for stability, implementation of the new law and alignment of Tibetan Buddhism with party-state priorities; directive and lived implementation remain distinct.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: OFFICIAL_VISIT
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::WANG_HUNING_CONCLUDES_TIBET_VISIT
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Wang Huning concludes Tibet visit -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Dated current reporting.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Dated current reporting.
CLAIM_STATUS: LIVE_REPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U057, TBT.U051, TBT.U058; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S129
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090

TBT.000283 | [LIVE_TAIL-020] 27 July 2026 CE | DALAI INSTITUTION CURRENT-STATE RECEIPT
ENTITY: Dalai institution current-state receipt
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: The official Dalai Lama site publishes current imagery and activity, verifying the officeholder’s living state close to the freeze.
TEMPORAL_FORM: DATED_POINT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: PRIMARY_LIVE_SENSOR
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::DALAI_INSTITUTION_CURRENT_STATE_RECEIPT
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Dalai institution current-state receipt -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Primary institutional website with dated media.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Primary institutional website with dated media.
CLAIM_STATUS: LIVE_VERIFIED
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U056, TBT.U059; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S123
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G076, TBT.G078, TBT.G090

TBT.000284 | [LIVE_TAIL-021] 29 July 2026 21:27:34 +08:00 | OBJECT-26 FREEZE
ENTITY: Object-26 freeze
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE
EVENT: Tibet chronology state is frozen; every office, law, project, hazard, rights claim and institutional condition expires at this coordinate.
TEMPORAL_FORM: LIVE_STATE
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT_FREEZE
WORLD_BANDS: W068_CHILD
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME7_DAY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z6_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: LIVE_SENSOR_LAW_PROJECT_OR_OFFICE::OBJECT_26_FREEZE
HOST: dated legal, institutional, ecological, seismic and infrastructure state at freeze
CARRIER: current persons, institutions, laws, reports, sensors, projects, testimony and contested public evidence
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: live legal status; current evidence access; implementation; climate and disaster sensors; institutional succession; human correction
LINEAGE: LIVE_TAIL predecessors -> Object-26 freeze -> dated descendants; no singular ethnic, religious or sovereign descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LIVE_CONTROL_AND_EVIDENCE_HISTORY; attestation=Versioned retrieval, source graph and release manifest.; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=project_and_disaster; energy=grid_climate_seismic; water=transboundary; ecology=live_sensor; labour=implementation; information=expiring_claim; legitimacy=unclosed
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK
LIFECYCLE: LIVE_OPERATION_OR_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION; capability_stage=STAGE_4_PLANETARY_NETWORK; correction_required=true
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_TRANSREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR6_DIGITAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC5_LIVE_UNVERIFIED
MOTION: information is copied, translated, regulated, disputed or lost without automatic material or political transfer
EVIDENCE: Versioned retrieval, source graph and release manifest.
CLAIM_STATUS: FROZEN_AT_CUTOFF
UNCERTAINTY: Bounded by TBT.U059; confidence and scope are claim-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: TBT.S002, TBT.S003
GRAPH_SEEDS: TBT.G090, TBT.G040, TBT.G041

TRANSFORMATION_TRACE_REGISTER:
TBT.X000001 | RECORD: TBT.000001
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant material and topographic configuration had not yet taken the evidenced form.
TRANSFORMATION: Planetary accretion and differentiation establish the material system from which the plateau’s crust, mantle, atmosphere and hydrosphere later develop.
AFTER_STATE: At 4.54–4.0 Ga, Planetary accretion and differentiation establish the material system from which the plateau’s crust, mantle, atmosphere and hydrosphere later develop.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Relief, hypoxia, water, seismicity and passage constraints enter every later system as active dependencies rather than scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 4.54–4.0 Ga; boundary=PLANETARY_BOUNDED; entity=Earth and lithosphere foundation; evidence=Radiometric chronology and Earth-system synthesis; this is substrate, not Tibetan human history.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000002 | RECORD: TBT.000002
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant material and topographic configuration had not yet taken the evidenced form.
TRANSFORMATION: Successive Gondwanan-derived terranes accrete to Eurasia, producing sutures and inherited crustal differences beneath the later plateau.
AFTER_STATE: At Palaeozoic–Mesozoic, Successive Gondwanan-derived terranes accrete to Eurasia, producing sutures and inherited crustal differences beneath the later plateau.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Relief, hypoxia, water, seismicity and passage constraints enter every later system as active dependencies rather than scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Palaeozoic–Mesozoic; boundary=MODEL_BOUNDED; entity=Tethyan terranes assemble; evidence=Regional geology, stratigraphy and tectonic reconstruction.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000003 | RECORD: TBT.000003
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant material and topographic configuration had not yet taken the evidenced form.
TRANSFORMATION: Northward subduction of Neo-Tethyan lithosphere generates the Gangdese arc and a southern Tibetan magmatic host before India–Asia collision.
AFTER_STATE: At Mesozoic, Northward subduction of Neo-Tethyan lithosphere generates the Gangdese arc and a southern Tibetan magmatic host before India–Asia collision.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Relief, hypoxia, water, seismicity and passage constraints enter every later system as active dependencies rather than scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Mesozoic; boundary=MODEL_BOUNDED; entity=Gangdese magmatic arc develops; evidence=Igneous chronology and plate reconstruction.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000004 | RECORD: TBT.000004
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant material and topographic configuration had not yet taken the evidenced form.
TRANSFORMATION: The Indian plate’s northward motion narrows Neo-Tethys and sets the convergence vector later expressed in Himalayan shortening and plateau deformation.
AFTER_STATE: At c.100–80 Ma, The Indian plate’s northward motion narrows Neo-Tethys and sets the convergence vector later expressed in Himalayan shortening and plateau deformation.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Relief, hypoxia, water, seismicity and passage constraints enter every later system as active dependencies rather than scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.100–80 Ma; boundary=MODEL_BOUNDED; entity=India separates and moves north; evidence=Plate kinematics and marine magnetic chronology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000005 | RECORD: TBT.000005
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant material and topographic configuration had not yet taken the evidenced form.
TRANSFORMATION: Continental collision begins within a debated interval; timing differs by definition, sector and evidence class.
AFTER_STATE: At c.60–45 Ma, Continental collision begins within a debated interval; timing differs by definition, sector and evidence class.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Relief, hypoxia, water, seismicity and passage constraints enter every later system as active dependencies rather than scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.60–45 Ma; boundary=CONTESTED_RANGE; entity=India–Asia collision interval; evidence=Stratigraphic, magmatic, palaeomagnetic and deep-structure models do not resolve one universal collision instant.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000006 | RECORD: TBT.000006
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant material and topographic configuration had not yet taken the evidenced form.
TRANSFORMATION: Parts of southern Tibet may already have been high while a lower central Tibetan valley persisted, rejecting a single-tabletop uplift narrative.
AFTER_STATE: At Palaeogene, Parts of southern Tibet may already have been high while a lower central Tibetan valley persisted, rejecting a single-tabletop uplift narrative.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Relief, hypoxia, water, seismicity and passage constraints enter every later system as active dependencies rather than scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Palaeogene; boundary=MODEL_BOUNDED; entity=High southern ranges and central valley coexist; evidence=Palaeoaltimetry and sedimentary reconstructions; proxy assumptions remain explicit.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000007 | RECORD: TBT.000007
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant material and topographic configuration had not yet taken the evidenced form.
TRANSFORMATION: Shortening, magmatism, lower-crustal loss and mantle processes raise different sectors at different rates.
AFTER_STATE: At Eocene–Miocene, Shortening, magmatism, lower-crustal loss and mantle processes raise different sectors at different rates.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Relief, hypoxia, water, seismicity and passage constraints enter every later system as active dependencies rather than scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Eocene–Miocene; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_MODEL; entity=Plateau sectors rise asynchronously; evidence=Multiple geodynamic models converge on phased rather than instantaneous uplift.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000008 | RECORD: TBT.000008
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant material and topographic configuration had not yet taken the evidenced form.
TRANSFORMATION: Large plateau sectors attain high elevations, reorganising atmospheric circulation, drainage, erosion and ecological survivability.
AFTER_STATE: At Miocene–present, Large plateau sectors attain high elevations, reorganising atmospheric circulation, drainage, erosion and ecological survivability.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Relief, hypoxia, water, seismicity and passage constraints enter every later system as active dependencies rather than scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Miocene–present; boundary=DISTRIBUTED; entity=High-elevation plateau system consolidates; evidence=Topography, thermochronology, palaeoaltimetry and modern observation.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000009 | RECORD: TBT.000009
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant material and topographic configuration had not yet taken the evidenced form.
TRANSFORMATION: Mountain glaciers, snow, lakes and permafrost repeatedly expand and contract, altering habitat, corridors and water storage.
AFTER_STATE: At Quaternary, Mountain glaciers, snow, lakes and permafrost repeatedly expand and contract, altering habitat, corridors and water storage.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Relief, hypoxia, water, seismicity and passage constraints enter every later system as active dependencies rather than scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Quaternary; boundary=DISTRIBUTED; entity=Glacial–interglacial cycling; evidence=Glacial geomorphology and exposure dating show strong sectoral variation.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000010 | RECORD: TBT.000010
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant material and topographic configuration had not yet taken the evidenced form.
TRANSFORMATION: Seasonally shifting Indian monsoon and mid-latitude westerly systems create a spatially uneven atmospheric control surface.
AFTER_STATE: At Quaternary–present, Seasonally shifting Indian monsoon and mid-latitude westerly systems create a spatially uneven atmospheric control surface.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Relief, hypoxia, water, seismicity and passage constraints enter every later system as active dependencies rather than scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Quaternary–present; boundary=DISTRIBUTED; entity=Monsoon–westerly boundary operates; evidence=Instrumental climate, proxies and circulation models.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000011 | RECORD: TBT.000011
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant material and topographic configuration had not yet taken the evidenced form.
TRANSFORMATION: The plateau feeds the Indus, Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra, Salween, Mekong, Yangtze and Yellow River systems, coupling upstream cryosphere to downstream societies.
AFTER_STATE: At Quaternary–present, The plateau feeds the Indus, Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra, Salween, Mekong, Yangtze and Yellow River systems, coupling upstream cryosphere to downstream societies.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Relief, hypoxia, water, seismicity and passage constraints enter every later system as active dependencies rather than scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Quaternary–present; boundary=TRANSBOUNDARY_BASIN; entity=Headwater system exports water and sediment; evidence=Hydrological and geomorphological observation; basin contributions vary seasonally.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000012 | RECORD: TBT.000012
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant material and topographic configuration had not yet taken the evidenced form.
TRANSFORMATION: Ongoing convergence and east–west extension generate earthquakes, landslides and infrastructure risk; hazard is active substrate, not an episodic footnote.
AFTER_STATE: At Present substrate, Ongoing convergence and east–west extension generate earthquakes, landslides and infrastructure risk; hazard is active substrate, not an episodic footnote.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Relief, hypoxia, water, seismicity and passage constraints enter every later system as active dependencies rather than scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Present substrate; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_HAZARD; entity=Active rifts, faults and landslides; evidence=Seismology, geodesy and mapped faults.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000013 | RECORD: TBT.000013
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: A hominin mandible from Baishiya Karst Cave is dated to at least about 160,000 years ago and attributed by palaeoproteomics to a Denisovan-related population.
AFTER_STATE: At at least c.160 ka, A hominin mandible from Baishiya Karst Cave is dated to at least about 160,000 years ago and attributed by palaeoproteomics to a Denisovan-related population.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for at least c.160 ka; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE; entity=Baishiya Denisovan mandible; evidence=U-series dating of carbonate crust and ancient proteins; taxonomic inference is not a modern identity.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000014 | RECORD: TBT.000014
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: Sediments and faunal remains preserve repeated hominin use of a high-altitude cave ecosystem.
AFTER_STATE: At Middle Pleistocene, Sediments and faunal remains preserve repeated hominin use of a high-altitude cave ecosystem.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Middle Pleistocene; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE; entity=Baishiya cave occupation sequence; evidence=Stratified archaeology, sediment DNA and zooarchaeology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000015 | RECORD: TBT.000015
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: Mitochondrial DNA recovered from cave sediments extends the Denisovan evidence surface beyond a single fossil.
AFTER_STATE: At c.100–60 ka deposits, Mitochondrial DNA recovered from cave sediments extends the Denisovan evidence surface beyond a single fossil.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.100–60 ka deposits; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE; entity=Sedimentary Denisovan DNA; evidence=Sedimentary DNA with stratigraphic and contamination controls.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000016 | RECORD: TBT.000016
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: A hominin rib and associated animal exploitation indicate repeated high-altitude occupation and broad use of animal resources.
AFTER_STATE: At c.48–32 ka, A hominin rib and associated animal exploitation indicate repeated high-altitude occupation and broad use of animal resources.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.48–32 ka; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE; entity=Baishiya rib and subsistence evidence; evidence=Proteomics, stratigraphy, dating and cut-marked fauna.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000017 | RECORD: TBT.000017
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: People produce and use stone tools at about 4,600 metres, establishing a secure Upper Palaeolithic high-plateau presence.
AFTER_STATE: At c.40–30 ka, People produce and use stone tools at about 4,600 metres, establishing a secure Upper Palaeolithic high-plateau presence.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.40–30 ka; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE; entity=Nwya Devu high-altitude occupation; evidence=Excavated stratigraphy, optically stimulated luminescence dates and lithic refits.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000018 | RECORD: TBT.000018
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: A specialised lithic system carries raw material, learned reduction sequences and mobile provisioning across a severe environment.
AFTER_STATE: At c.40–30 ka, A specialised lithic system carries raw material, learned reduction sequences and mobile provisioning across a severe environment.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.40–30 ka; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE; entity=Nwya Devu blade technology; evidence=Lithic technological analysis and spatial context.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000019 | RECORD: TBT.000019
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: Repeated or long-duration site use is kept distinct from year-round household residence across generations.
AFTER_STATE: At Late Pleistocene, Repeated or long-duration site use is kept distinct from year-round household residence across generations.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Late Pleistocene; boundary=INFERENCE_BOUNDARY; entity=High-altitude use need not equal permanent settlement; evidence=Archaeological seasonality and settlement evidence remain incomplete.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000020 | RECORD: TBT.000020
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: Microblade technologies appear across northern plateau and adjacent regions, supporting flexible toolkits without proving a single migrating people.
AFTER_STATE: At Late Pleistocene, Microblade technologies appear across northern plateau and adjacent regions, supporting flexible toolkits without proving a single migrating people.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Late Pleistocene; boundary=DISTRIBUTED; entity=Microblade and mobility systems spread; evidence=Lithic comparison, site chronology and raw-material study.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000021 | RECORD: TBT.000021
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: Hypoxia tolerance, clothing, fire, shelter, food, cooperation and route knowledge jointly widen the survivable range.
AFTER_STATE: At Late Pleistocene–Holocene, Hypoxia tolerance, clothing, fire, shelter, food, cooperation and route knowledge jointly widen the survivable range.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Late Pleistocene–Holocene; boundary=DISTRIBUTED; entity=Physiological and cultural adaptation recombine; evidence=Genetic, physiological and archaeological evidence; no single factor is sufficient.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000022 | RECORD: TBT.000022
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: An introgressed haplotype later associated with high-altitude adaptation enters the human population history of the plateau’s future inhabitants.
AFTER_STATE: At before c.30 ka, inferred ancestry event, An introgressed haplotype later associated with high-altitude adaptation enters the human population history of the plateau’s future inhabitants.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for before c.30 ka, inferred ancestry event; boundary=MODEL_BOUNDED; entity=Denisovan-like EPAS1 haplotype enters ancestral populations; evidence=Population-genetic inference with uncertain time and source population.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000023 | RECORD: TBT.000023
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: Modern genomic analysis links a Denisovan-like EPAS1 haplotype to Tibetan high-altitude adaptation; publication time is not ancient event time.
AFTER_STATE: At 2014 CE evidence clock, Modern genomic analysis links a Denisovan-like EPAS1 haplotype to Tibetan high-altitude adaptation; publication time is not ancient event time.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2014 CE evidence clock; boundary=PUBLICATION_BOUNDARY; entity=EPAS1 adaptation study published; evidence=Peer-reviewed population genetics.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000024 | RECORD: TBT.000024
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: The mandible reportedly found by a monk in 1980 enters a later scientific chain of custody; find history and ancient deposition remain separate.
AFTER_STATE: At 1980 CE custody clock, The mandible reportedly found by a monk in 1980 enters a later scientific chain of custody; find history and ancient deposition remain separate.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1980 CE custody clock; boundary=BOUNDED_OBJECT; entity=Xiahe mandible enters scientific custody; evidence=Published provenance and laboratory custody account.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000025 | RECORD: TBT.000025
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: Peer review makes the c.40–30 ka occupation claim globally inspectable while preserving excavation and dating limits.
AFTER_STATE: At 2018 CE evidence clock, Peer review makes the c.40–30 ka occupation claim globally inspectable while preserving excavation and dating limits.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2018 CE evidence clock; boundary=PUBLICATION_BOUNDARY; entity=Nwya Devu study published; evidence=Science publication and supplementary methods.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000026 | RECORD: TBT.000026
BEFORE_STATE: High-altitude use was absent from, or invisible on, the surviving evidence surface at this coordinate.
TRANSFORMATION: Proteomics, sediment DNA and a further hominin rib progressively enlarge the evidence graph without creating a simple lineage to modern Tibetans.
AFTER_STATE: At 2019–2024 CE evidence clock, Proteomics, sediment DNA and a further hominin rib progressively enlarge the evidence graph without creating a simple lineage to modern Tibetans.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Occupation widens the human survivable range while increasing dependence on heat, food, route knowledge, physiology, cooperation and biased preservation.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2019–2024 CE evidence clock; boundary=PUBLICATION_BOUNDARY; entity=Baishiya evidence stack expands; evidence=Successive Nature and Science studies.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000027 | RECORD: TBT.000027
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Postglacial warming reorganises snow, lakes, grasslands and route seasonality, creating opportunities and new ecological volatility.
AFTER_STATE: At c.9700–7000 BCE, Postglacial warming reorganises snow, lakes, grasslands and route seasonality, creating opportunities and new ecological volatility.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.9700–7000 BCE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED; entity=Early Holocene warming and lake change; evidence=Palaeoclimate and lake records; sectors differ.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000028 | RECORD: TBT.000028
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Human traces at Chusang/Quesang show early-Holocene high-altitude presence; the dating range and inference of permanent settlement remain debated.
AFTER_STATE: At c.12.7–7.4 ka, Human traces at Chusang/Quesang show early-Holocene high-altitude presence; the dating range and inference of permanent settlement remain debated.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.12.7–7.4 ka; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE_CONTESTED; entity=Chusang footprints and activity surface; evidence=Footprint stratigraphy and dating models.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000029 | RECORD: TBT.000029
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Lower northeastern plateau sites support settled millet-farming communities before year-round occupation became widespread at the highest elevations.
AFTER_STATE: At c.5200 BP, Lower northeastern plateau sites support settled millet-farming communities before year-round occupation became widespread at the highest elevations.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.5200 BP; boundary=REGIONAL_SITE_CLUSTER; entity=Northeastern plateau villages; evidence=Settlement, archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological evidence.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000030 | RECORD: TBT.000030
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Northeastern plateau communities combine cultivation, herding, hunting and exchange; material patterns do not define a fixed ethnicity.
AFTER_STATE: At c.3300–2000 BCE, Northeastern plateau communities combine cultivation, herding, hunting and exchange; material patterns do not define a fixed ethnicity.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.3300–2000 BCE; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE_CLUSTER; entity=Zongri communities; evidence=Burials, settlement and subsistence archaeology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000031 | RECORD: TBT.000031
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Karuo in the eastern plateau records substantial houses, farming, gathered plants and animal use within a local ecological system.
AFTER_STATE: At c.3000–2000 BCE, Karuo in the eastern plateau records substantial houses, farming, gathered plants and animal use within a local ecological system.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.3000–2000 BCE; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE; entity=Karuo settlement and subsistence; evidence=Architecture, archaeobotany and zooarchaeology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000032 | RECORD: TBT.000032
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Millet-based farming moves through northeastern and eastern corridors, remaining constrained by growing-season temperature at higher elevations.
AFTER_STATE: At third millennium BCE, Millet-based farming moves through northeastern and eastern corridors, remaining constrained by growing-season temperature at higher elevations.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for third millennium BCE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_CORRIDORS; entity=Millet travels upward and westward; evidence=Crop remains and ecological niche models.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000033 | RECORD: TBT.000033
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: West Eurasian crops move eastward through Inner Asian and Himalayan networks and are recombined with local subsistence.
AFTER_STATE: At third–second millennium BCE, West Eurasian crops move eastward through Inner Asian and Himalayan networks and are recombined with local subsistence.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for third–second millennium BCE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_CORRIDORS; entity=Barley and wheat enter plateau systems; evidence=Direct crop dates, archaeobotany and comparative chronology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000034 | RECORD: TBT.000034
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Cold-tolerant barley and wheat, sheep, goats and yak/cattle systems support more sustained residence above about 3,000 metres.
AFTER_STATE: At from c.3600 BP, Cold-tolerant barley and wheat, sheep, goats and yak/cattle systems support more sustained residence above about 3,000 metres.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for from c.3600 BP; boundary=REGIONAL_THRESHOLD; entity=High-elevation agro-pastoral settlement expands; evidence=Site distributions and directly dated crops/animals; not a single plateau-wide first date.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000035 | RECORD: TBT.000035
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Herd reproduction, wool, meat and pack logistics increase flexible use of high pastures while requiring seasonal labour and fodder.
AFTER_STATE: At second millennium BCE, Herd reproduction, wool, meat and pack logistics increase flexible use of high pastures while requiring seasonal labour and fodder.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for second millennium BCE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED; entity=Sheep and goat pastoralism scales mobility; evidence=Zooarchaeology and herd-demography inference.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000036 | RECORD: TBT.000036
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Domestic yak, taurine cattle and hybridisation are directly evidenced in plateau contexts; presence does not by itself locate initial domestication.
AFTER_STATE: At second millennium BCE, Domestic yak, taurine cattle and hybridisation are directly evidenced in plateau contexts; presence does not by itself locate initial domestication.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for second millennium BCE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED; entity=Yak, cattle and hybrids enter managed systems; evidence=Ancient genomes and directly dated remains.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000037 | RECORD: TBT.000037
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Milk processing extends animal calories across seasons and becomes detectable through proteomic residues and calculus.
AFTER_STATE: At second millennium BCE onward, Milk processing extends animal calories across seasons and becomes detectable through proteomic residues and calculus.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for second millennium BCE onward; boundary=DISTRIBUTED; entity=Dairy processing supports winter survival; evidence=Ancient milk proteins and later ethnographic analogy, kept distinct.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000038 | RECORD: TBT.000038
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Central Tibetan Qugong preserves crops, animals and material links across plateau corridors, suggesting exchange without a named Silk Road polity.
AFTER_STATE: At c.2000–1000 BCE, Central Tibetan Qugong preserves crops, animals and material links across plateau corridors, suggesting exchange without a named Silk Road polity.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.2000–1000 BCE; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE; entity=Qugong exchange node; evidence=Excavated material and comparative archaeobotany.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000039 | RECORD: TBT.000039
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Southern plateau crop remains register adaptation and exchange across Himalayan and plateau ecologies.
AFTER_STATE: At second–first millennium BCE, Southern plateau crop remains register adaptation and exchange across Himalayan and plateau ecologies.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for second–first millennium BCE; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE; entity=Changguogou agricultural evidence; evidence=Archaeobotanical contexts and dating.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000040 | RECORD: TBT.000040
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Household remains at Bangga add a high-elevation residence coordinate, but settlement duration and seasonality remain site-specific.
AFTER_STATE: At second–first millennium BCE, Household remains at Bangga add a high-elevation residence coordinate, but settlement duration and seasonality remain site-specific.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for second–first millennium BCE; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE; entity=Bangga high-altitude settlement; evidence=Architecture, hearths, plant and animal remains.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000041 | RECORD: TBT.000041
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Copper-alloy objects and production knowledge circulate across plateau and neighbouring systems; artefact style does not prove one people.
AFTER_STATE: At Bronze Age, Copper-alloy objects and production knowledge circulate across plateau and neighbouring systems; artefact style does not prove one people.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Bronze Age; boundary=DISTRIBUTED; entity=Metallurgy and ornament exchange; evidence=Compositional, typological and contextual archaeology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000042 | RECORD: TBT.000042
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: High-value materials connect western, northern and eastern plateau zones with Himalayan and Inner Asian exchange.
AFTER_STATE: At Bronze–Iron Age, High-value materials connect western, northern and eastern plateau zones with Himalayan and Inner Asian exchange.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for Bronze–Iron Age; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_CORRIDORS; entity=Salt, turquoise and gold corridors; evidence=Mining landscapes, artefact provenance and later textual support; route intensity varies.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000043 | RECORD: TBT.000043
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Monumental and local burial forms record hierarchy, mobility and ritual difference without yielding automatic ethnic names.
AFTER_STATE: At late second–first millennium BCE, Monumental and local burial forms record hierarchy, mobility and ritual difference without yielding automatic ethnic names.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late second–first millennium BCE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED; entity=Tombs and mortuary landscapes diversify; evidence=Archaeological survey, excavation and bioarchaeology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000044 | RECORD: TBT.000044
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Engravings and paintings preserve animal, hunting, ritual and caravan imagery, but many panels lack direct dates.
AFTER_STATE: At late prehistoric periods, Engravings and paintings preserve animal, hunting, ritual and caravan imagery, but many panels lack direct dates.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late prehistoric periods; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_UNDATED; entity=Rock-art fields accumulate; evidence=Superposition, style and limited direct dating.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000045 | RECORD: TBT.000045
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: Ancient genomes show movement and mixture across plateau and Himalayan corridors; ancestry, language and identity remain non-identical.
AFTER_STATE: At third–first millennium BCE, Ancient genomes show movement and mixture across plateau and Himalayan corridors; ancestry, language and identity remain non-identical.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for third–first millennium BCE; boundary=SAMPLE_BOUNDED; entity=Population histories recombine; evidence=Ancient DNA models from uneven samples.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000046 | RECORD: TBT.000046
BEFORE_STATE: Mobile subsistence and local ecologies did not yet support the stated combination at the stated scale.
TRANSFORMATION: New genome, dairy and animal studies refine the prehistory graph while adding sampling, custody and consent obligations.
AFTER_STATE: At 2022–2023 CE evidence clock, New genome, dairy and animal studies refine the prehistory graph while adding sampling, custody and consent obligations.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Food security and settlement capacity rise, but fodder, labour, winter storage, herd health, crop diversity and ecological pressure become coupled.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2022–2023 CE evidence clock; boundary=PUBLICATION_BOUNDARY; entity=Ancient-genome and subsistence evidence expands; evidence=Peer-reviewed studies and supplementary datasets.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000047 | RECORD: TBT.000047
BEFORE_STATE: Local communities and leadership fields existed without the securely evidenced political formation later attributed to them.
TRANSFORMATION: Fortified, mortuary, pastoral and exchange systems show political complexity, but their names and territorial forms are incompletely attested.
AFTER_STATE: At first millennium BCE–early first millennium CE, Fortified, mortuary, pastoral and exchange systems show political complexity, but their names and territorial forms are incompletely attested.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Consolidation increases coordination and extraction while later memory risks turning bounded formations into timeless peoples or titles.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for first millennium BCE–early first millennium CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_UNNAMED; entity=Western plateau complexity before secure names; evidence=Archaeology without contemporary self-identifying inscriptions.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000048 | RECORD: TBT.000048
BEFORE_STATE: Local communities and leadership fields existed without the securely evidenced political formation later attributed to them.
TRANSFORMATION: Later Tibetan royal genealogies place Nyatri Tsenpo as first king in 127 BCE; this is stored as attributed memory, not secure annalistic time.
AFTER_STATE: At traditional 127 BCE, Later Tibetan royal genealogies place Nyatri Tsenpo as first king in 127 BCE; this is stored as attributed memory, not secure annalistic time.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Consolidation increases coordination and extraction while later memory risks turning bounded formations into timeless peoples or titles.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for traditional 127 BCE; boundary=TEXTUAL_MEMORY; entity=Nyatri Tsenpo first-king coordinate; evidence=Later genealogical and religious histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000049 | RECORD: TBT.000049
BEFORE_STATE: Local communities and leadership fields existed without the securely evidenced political formation later attributed to them.
TRANSFORMATION: Later histories preserve sequences of kings, tombs and sacred descent whose chronology cannot be made contemporary by repetition.
AFTER_STATE: At first centuries CE, traditional sequences, Later histories preserve sequences of kings, tombs and sacred descent whose chronology cannot be made contemporary by repetition.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Consolidation increases coordination and extraction while later memory risks turning bounded formations into timeless peoples or titles.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for first centuries CE, traditional sequences; boundary=TEXTUAL_MEMORY; entity=Early Yarlung royal genealogy; evidence=Retrospective Tibetan sources and landscape traditions.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000050 | RECORD: TBT.000050
BEFORE_STATE: Local communities and leadership fields existed without the securely evidenced political formation later attributed to them.
TRANSFORMATION: Tibetan and some external sources preserve a western political and linguistic coordinate later called Zhang Zhung; extent and organisation remain bounded.
AFTER_STATE: At early first millennium CE, Tibetan and some external sources preserve a western political and linguistic coordinate later called Zhang Zhung; extent and organisation remain bounded.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Consolidation increases coordination and extraction while later memory risks turning bounded formations into timeless peoples or titles.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for early first millennium CE; boundary=TEXTUAL_COORDINATE; entity=Zhang Zhung textual coordinate forms; evidence=Early Tibetan references read with later Bon and external records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000051 | RECORD: TBT.000051
BEFORE_STATE: Local communities and leadership fields existed without the securely evidenced political formation later attributed to them.
TRANSFORMATION: Chinese references to Yangtong are sometimes compared with Zhang Zhung, but equivalence and geographic reach remain source-specific.
AFTER_STATE: At early medieval, uncertain, Chinese references to Yangtong are sometimes compared with Zhang Zhung, but equivalence and geographic reach remain source-specific.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Consolidation increases coordination and extraction while later memory risks turning bounded formations into timeless peoples or titles.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for early medieval, uncertain; boundary=CONTESTED_TEXTUAL_MAPPING; entity=Yangtong and Zhang Zhung comparison; evidence=Chinese dynastic geography and Tibetan philology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000052 | RECORD: TBT.000052
BEFORE_STATE: Local communities and leadership fields existed without the securely evidenced political formation later attributed to them.
TRANSFORMATION: Khyunglung and other western sites are archaeological coordinates; no automatic equation with a Zhang Zhung capital is permitted.
AFTER_STATE: At early medieval, Khyunglung and other western sites are archaeological coordinates; no automatic equation with a Zhang Zhung capital is permitted.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Consolidation increases coordination and extraction while later memory risks turning bounded formations into timeless peoples or titles.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for early medieval; boundary=BOUNDED_SITE_UNASSIGNED; entity=Khyunglung and western monuments; evidence=Survey, architecture and later place-memory.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000053 | RECORD: TBT.000053
BEFORE_STATE: Local communities and leadership fields existed without the securely evidenced political formation later attributed to them.
TRANSFORMATION: A small corpus of words, names and bilingual material supports a language coordinate without defining population size, territory or modern identity.
AFTER_STATE: At early textual fragments, A small corpus of words, names and bilingual material supports a language coordinate without defining population size, territory or modern identity.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Consolidation increases coordination and extraction while later memory risks turning bounded formations into timeless peoples or titles.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for early textual fragments; boundary=CORPUS_BOUNDED; entity=Zhang Zhung language evidence; evidence=Philology and manuscript witnesses.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000054 | RECORD: TBT.000054
BEFORE_STATE: Local communities and leadership fields existed without the securely evidenced political formation later attributed to them.
TRANSFORMATION: Systematised scripts labelled Zhang Zhung in later traditions are not projected into antiquity without an early witness.
AFTER_STATE: At later surviving evidence, Systematised scripts labelled Zhang Zhung in later traditions are not projected into antiquity without an early witness.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Consolidation increases coordination and extraction while later memory risks turning bounded formations into timeless peoples or titles.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for later surviving evidence; boundary=LATE_WITNESS; entity=Zhang Zhung script claims; evidence=Manuscript and palaeographic chronology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000055 | RECORD: TBT.000055
BEFORE_STATE: Local communities and leadership fields existed without the securely evidenced political formation later attributed to them.
TRANSFORMATION: Bon histories preserve Zhang Zhung as a sacred and linguistic memory field; religion, polity and later institution remain separate entities.
AFTER_STATE: At later Bon textual memory, Bon histories preserve Zhang Zhung as a sacred and linguistic memory field; religion, polity and later institution remain separate entities.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Consolidation increases coordination and extraction while later memory risks turning bounded formations into timeless peoples or titles.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for later Bon textual memory; boundary=TEXTUAL_MEMORY; entity=Zhang Zhung–Bon association; evidence=Bon histories, treasure texts and critical scholarship.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000056 | RECORD: TBT.000056
BEFORE_STATE: Local communities and leadership fields existed without the securely evidenced political formation later attributed to them.
TRANSFORMATION: Yarlung rulers increase alliance, military and tribute capacity in the southern plateau, preparing but not predetermining empire.
AFTER_STATE: At c.6th century CE, Yarlung rulers increase alliance, military and tribute capacity in the southern plateau, preparing but not predetermining empire.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Consolidation increases coordination and extraction while later memory risks turning bounded formations into timeless peoples or titles.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.6th century CE; boundary=REGIONAL_POLITY; entity=Yarlung consolidation accelerates; evidence=Later annals, royal genealogy and external synchronisms.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000057 | RECORD: TBT.000057
BEFORE_STATE: Local communities and leadership fields existed without the securely evidenced political formation later attributed to them.
TRANSFORMATION: Namri Songtsen consolidates alliances and military reach before his death in revolt, leaving an unstable but enlarged host.
AFTER_STATE: At late 6th–early 7th century, Namri Songtsen consolidates alliances and military reach before his death in revolt, leaving an unstable but enlarged host.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Consolidation increases coordination and extraction while later memory risks turning bounded formations into timeless peoples or titles.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 6th–early 7th century; boundary=REGIONAL_POLITY; entity=Namri Songtsen expands Yarlung power; evidence=Old Tibetan annalistic tradition and later histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000058 | RECORD: TBT.000058
BEFORE_STATE: Local communities and leadership fields existed without the securely evidenced political formation later attributed to them.
TRANSFORMATION: Imperial Tibetan power defeats or absorbs a western Zhang Zhung polity according to bounded textual evidence; the event does not identify every western site or later Bon community.
AFTER_STATE: At c.643–644 CE, Imperial Tibetan power defeats or absorbs a western Zhang Zhung polity according to bounded textual evidence; the event does not identify every western site or later Bon community.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Consolidation increases coordination and extraction while later memory risks turning bounded formations into timeless peoples or titles.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.643–644 CE; boundary=TEXTUAL_POLITICAL_BOUNDARY; entity=Zhang Zhung incorporated into Tibetan imperial field; evidence=Old Tibetan and later historical sources, with contested detail.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000059 | RECORD: TBT.000059
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Songtsen Gampo takes power after Namri Songtsen’s death and suppresses internal opposition, converting a volatile Yarlung host into an expanding state.
AFTER_STATE: At c.618 CE, Songtsen Gampo takes power after Namri Songtsen’s death and suppresses internal opposition, converting a volatile Yarlung host into an expanding state.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.618 CE; boundary=DYNASTIC_POLITY; entity=Songtsen Gampo succeeds; evidence=Old Tibetan annals and later histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000060 | RECORD: TBT.000060
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Court, military, tribute and alliance systems scale beyond the Yarlung Valley through graded incorporation.
AFTER_STATE: At c.620s–640s, Court, military, tribute and alliance systems scale beyond the Yarlung Valley through graded incorporation.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.620s–640s; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_IMPERIAL; entity=Imperial administration consolidates; evidence=Annals, inscriptions and later administrative analogies.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000061 | RECORD: TBT.000061
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Tradition credits Thonmi Sambhota under Songtsen Gampo with designing Tibetan writing after Indian study; authorship and exact date are later memories.
AFTER_STATE: At 7th century, traditional attribution, Tradition credits Thonmi Sambhota under Songtsen Gampo with designing Tibetan writing after Indian study; authorship and exact date are later memories.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 7th century, traditional attribution; boundary=TEXTUAL_MEMORY; entity=Tibetan script formation memory; evidence=Later Tibetan histories compared with earliest surviving inscriptions and manuscripts.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000062 | RECORD: TBT.000062
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: An orthographic system supports edicts, census, contracts, treaties, translation and historical memory across multiple hosts.
AFTER_STATE: At 7th–8th centuries, An orthographic system supports edicts, census, contracts, treaties, translation and historical memory across multiple hosts.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 7th–8th centuries; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_DOCUMENTARY; entity=Tibetan writing becomes administratively reproducible; evidence=Inscriptions and Old Tibetan manuscripts.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000063 | RECORD: TBT.000063
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Later tradition links Nepalese princess Bhrikuti to Songtsen Gampo and Buddhist foundations; historicity is retained as contested, unlike better-attested Tang diplomacy.
AFTER_STATE: At traditional 7th century, Later tradition links Nepalese princess Bhrikuti to Songtsen Gampo and Buddhist foundations; historicity is retained as contested, unlike better-attested Tang diplomacy.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for traditional 7th century; boundary=TEXTUAL_MEMORY_CONTESTED; entity=Bhrikuti marriage narrative; evidence=Later Tibetan and Nepalese narratives; no contemporary equivalent to Tang annals.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000064 | RECORD: TBT.000064
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Tang princess Wencheng arrives in Tibet within a dynastic alliance, moving persons, objects and ritual knowledge across a China–Tibet interface.
AFTER_STATE: At 641 CE, Tang princess Wencheng arrives in Tibet within a dynastic alliance, moving persons, objects and ritual knowledge across a China–Tibet interface.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 641 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_COURT; entity=Princess Wencheng marriage alliance; evidence=Chinese dynastic records and Tibetan memory traditions.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000065 | RECORD: TBT.000065
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Royal patronage establishes or enlarges major Buddhist ritual sites in Lhasa; construction history and later rebuilding remain layered.
AFTER_STATE: At 7th century, Royal patronage establishes or enlarges major Buddhist ritual sites in Lhasa; construction history and later rebuilding remain layered.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 7th century; boundary=BOUNDED_INSTITUTION; entity=Jokhang and Lhasa ritual centre; evidence=Architecture, inscription, ritual history and later renovation evidence.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000066 | RECORD: TBT.000066
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Texts, images, artisans and ritual narratives enter an imperial Tibetan host through multiple routes rather than one civilising sender.
AFTER_STATE: At 7th century, Texts, images, artisans and ritual narratives enter an imperial Tibetan host through multiple routes rather than one civilising sender.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 7th century; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_INTERFACE; entity=India–Nepal–China Buddhist objects recombine; evidence=Material, textual and diplomatic evidence.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000067 | RECORD: TBT.000067
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Imperial authority passes to a young successor and regency structures, testing whether administration survives a ruler’s death.
AFTER_STATE: At 649–650 CE, Imperial authority passes to a young successor and regency structures, testing whether administration survives a ruler’s death.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 649–650 CE; boundary=DYNASTIC_POLITY; entity=Songtsen Gampo dies; evidence=Old Tibetan annals and Chinese chronicle synchronisms.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000068 | RECORD: TBT.000068
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: The Gar ministerial lineage operates military and diplomatic capabilities across succession, showing that empire is not reducible to royal biography.
AFTER_STATE: At c.650s–670s, The Gar ministerial lineage operates military and diplomatic capabilities across succession, showing that empire is not reducible to royal biography.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.650s–670s; boundary=IMPERIAL_OFFICE; entity=Gar clan regency and expansion; evidence=Annals, Chinese histories and frontier records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000069 | RECORD: TBT.000069
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Tibetan forces defeat and absorb much of the Tuyuhun political field, expanding access toward Qinghai and Central Asian corridors.
AFTER_STATE: At 663 CE, Tibetan forces defeat and absorb much of the Tuyuhun political field, expanding access toward Qinghai and Central Asian corridors.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 663 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_MILITARY; entity=Tuyuhun power broken; evidence=Chinese and Tibetan historical sources.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000070 | RECORD: TBT.000070
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: A major Tang–Tibet battle in the Qinghai frontier contributes to Tibetan advantage in western corridors without fixing a permanent border.
AFTER_STATE: At 670 CE, A major Tang–Tibet battle in the Qinghai frontier contributes to Tibetan advantage in western corridors without fixing a permanent border.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 670 CE; boundary=FRONTIER_BATTLE; entity=Dafei River conflict; evidence=Tang histories and military chronology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000071 | RECORD: TBT.000071
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Tibetan armies and administrators contest oasis routes with Tang and local powers; control changes by oasis, year and garrison.
AFTER_STATE: At 670s CE, Tibetan armies and administrators contest oasis routes with Tang and local powers; control changes by oasis, year and garrison.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 670s CE; boundary=CORRIDOR_GRADED; entity=Tarim Basin imperial reach; evidence=Chinese histories and Old Tibetan documents.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000072 | RECORD: TBT.000072
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Tang forces retake key Tarim garrisons, demonstrating reversible frontier control rather than a one-direction imperial expansion.
AFTER_STATE: At 692 CE, Tang forces retake key Tarim garrisons, demonstrating reversible frontier control rather than a one-direction imperial expansion.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 692 CE; boundary=CORRIDOR_GRADED; entity=Tang recovers Four Garrisons; evidence=Chinese military histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000073 | RECORD: TBT.000073
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Royal death on campaign exposes succession and military dependency while imperial institutions continue under new control coalitions.
AFTER_STATE: At 704 CE, Royal death on campaign exposes succession and military dependency while imperial institutions continue under new control coalitions.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 704 CE; boundary=DYNASTIC_FRONTIER; entity=Tri Dusong dies in frontier conflict; evidence=Old Tibetan Annals and Chinese sources.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000074 | RECORD: TBT.000074
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: The court balances aristocratic factions, Tang relations and expanding Buddhist patronage across a still-militarised imperial host.
AFTER_STATE: At c.704–755 CE, The court balances aristocratic factions, Tang relations and expanding Buddhist patronage across a still-militarised imperial host.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.704–755 CE; boundary=DYNASTIC_POLITY; entity=Me Agtsom reign; evidence=Old Tibetan annals, inscriptions and later Buddhist histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000075 | RECORD: TBT.000075
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: A second Tang princess enters the Tibetan court, sustaining diplomatic and Buddhist exchange without ending warfare.
AFTER_STATE: At 710 CE, A second Tang princess enters the Tibetan court, sustaining diplomatic and Buddhist exchange without ending warfare.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 710 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_COURT; entity=Princess Jincheng marriage alliance; evidence=Tang records and Tibetan traditions.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000076 | RECORD: TBT.000076
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: A new reign follows Me Agtsom’s violent death; military expansion and Buddhist institution-building proceed together.
AFTER_STATE: At 755 CE, A new reign follows Me Agtsom’s violent death; military expansion and Buddhist institution-building proceed together.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 755 CE; boundary=DYNASTIC_POLITY; entity=Trisong Detsen’s reign begins amid court conflict; evidence=Annals and later religious narratives.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000077 | RECORD: TBT.000077
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Internal Tang rebellion reallocates military capacity, allowing Tibetan forces to expand in Hexi and toward the capital; correlation is not sole cause.
AFTER_STATE: At 755–763 CE, Internal Tang rebellion reallocates military capacity, allowing Tibetan forces to expand in Hexi and toward the capital; correlation is not sole cause.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 755–763 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_CAUSAL; entity=An Lushan crisis alters Tang frontier capacity; evidence=Tang and Tibetan military chronology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000078 | RECORD: TBT.000078
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Tibetan forces enter Chang’an and install a short-lived claimant before withdrawing; this is a brief occupation, not durable Tibetan rule of China.
AFTER_STATE: At 763 CE, Tibetan forces enter Chang’an and install a short-lived claimant before withdrawing; this is a brief occupation, not durable Tibetan rule of China.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 763 CE; boundary=BOUNDED_OCCUPATION; entity=Brief Tibetan occupation of Chang’an; evidence=Tang annals and comparative histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000079 | RECORD: TBT.000079
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Imperial Tibet gains graded control over sections of the Gansu corridor, taxing and administering multilingual communities.
AFTER_STATE: At 760s–780s CE, Imperial Tibet gains graded control over sections of the Gansu corridor, taxing and administering multilingual communities.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 760s–780s CE; boundary=CORRIDOR_GRADED; entity=Hexi corridor control expands; evidence=Chinese histories, inscriptions and Dunhuang documents.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000080 | RECORD: TBT.000080
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Royal sponsorship creates a durable monastic, translation and ordination host; exact foundation and consecration dates vary.
AFTER_STATE: At c.775–779 CE, Royal sponsorship creates a durable monastic, translation and ordination host; exact foundation and consecration dates vary.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.775–779 CE; boundary=BOUNDED_INSTITUTION; entity=Samye monastery founded and consecrated; evidence=dBa’ bzhed layers, later histories, architecture and archaeology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000081 | RECORD: TBT.000081
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Indian monastic and philosophical personnel help establish an ordination and scholastic reproduction system at Samye.
AFTER_STATE: At late 8th century, Indian monastic and philosophical personnel help establish an ordination and scholastic reproduction system at Samye.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 8th century; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_LINEAGE; entity=Śāntarakṣita teaching and ordination lineage; evidence=Tibetan narrative sources with hagiographic controls.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000082 | RECORD: TBT.000082
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: A historical teacher coordinate becomes the host for extensive later ritual, treasure and hagiographic lineages; layers remain separated.
AFTER_STATE: At late 8th century, A historical teacher coordinate becomes the host for extensive later ritual, treasure and hagiographic lineages; layers remain separated.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 8th century; boundary=TEXTUAL_AND_RITUAL_LINEAGE; entity=Padmasambhava memory and ritual transmission; evidence=Early references and progressively later biographies.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000083 | RECORD: TBT.000083
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Accounts frame a contest involving Indian gradualist and Chinese Chan positions, but participants, format and outcome are source-layered and politically reused.
AFTER_STATE: At late 8th century, disputed, Accounts frame a contest involving Indian gradualist and Chinese Chan positions, but participants, format and outcome are source-layered and politically reused.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 8th century, disputed; boundary=CONTESTED_TEXTUAL_EVENT; entity=Samye debate narrative; evidence=Tibetan, Dunhuang and later sectarian narratives.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000084 | RECORD: TBT.000084
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Edicts and court support protect monasteries and translation while coexisting with non-Buddhist ritual, aristocratic interests and military extraction.
AFTER_STATE: At late 8th century, Edicts and court support protect monasteries and translation while coexisting with non-Buddhist ritual, aristocratic interests and military extraction.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 8th century; boundary=IMPERIAL_INSTITUTION; entity=Imperial Buddhist patronage formalises; evidence=Inscriptions, edicts and narrative sources.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000085 | RECORD: TBT.000085
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Tibetan imperial authorities take Dunhuang and operate taxation, household registration, contracts and multilingual administration.
AFTER_STATE: At 786 CE, Tibetan imperial authorities take Dunhuang and operate taxation, household registration, contracts and multilingual administration.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 786 CE; boundary=BOUNDED_ADMINISTRATIVE; entity=Dunhuang enters Tibetan administration; evidence=Dunhuang manuscripts and Chinese historical chronology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000086 | RECORD: TBT.000086
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Documents expose census, corvée, debt, land and military supply at Receiver scale rather than only royal narrative.
AFTER_STATE: At late 8th–mid-9th century, Documents expose census, corvée, debt, land and military supply at Receiver scale rather than only royal narrative.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 8th–mid-9th century; boundary=BOUNDED_DOCUMENTARY; entity=Dunhuang household and tax records; evidence=Contracts and administrative manuscripts with provenance controls.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000087 | RECORD: TBT.000087
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Written agreements reproduce property, obligation and dispute handling across officials and households.
AFTER_STATE: At late 8th–mid-9th century, Written agreements reproduce property, obligation and dispute handling across officials and households.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 8th–mid-9th century; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_DOCUMENTARY; entity=Old Tibetan contracts and law; evidence=Contracts, legal fragments and administrative manuals.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000088 | RECORD: TBT.000088
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Tang and Tibet negotiate a boundary and peace arrangement whose implementation is later disrupted; treaty, enforcement and duration remain separate clocks.
AFTER_STATE: At 783 CE, Tang and Tibet negotiate a boundary and peace arrangement whose implementation is later disrupted; treaty, enforcement and duration remain separate clocks.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 783 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY; entity=Qingshui treaty; evidence=Chinese histories and diplomatic records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000089 | RECORD: TBT.000089
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Royal patronage supports monasteries, translators and terminology standardisation while fiscal and aristocratic tensions remain active.
AFTER_STATE: At c.815–838 CE, Royal patronage supports monasteries, translators and terminology standardisation while fiscal and aristocratic tensions remain active.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.815–838 CE; boundary=DYNASTIC_INSTITUTION; entity=Ralpachen reign and translation sponsorship; evidence=Inscriptions, catalogues and later histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000090 | RECORD: TBT.000090
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: A Sanskrit–Tibetan lexicon and translation rules reduce terminological drift and make textual capability portable across teams and generations.
AFTER_STATE: At early 9th century, A Sanskrit–Tibetan lexicon and translation rules reduce terminological drift and make textual capability portable across teams and generations.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for early 9th century; boundary=DOCUMENTARY_INSTITUTION; entity=Mahāvyutpatti terminology standardisation; evidence=Lexicographic manuscripts and translation history.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000091 | RECORD: TBT.000091
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: A negotiated settlement is inscribed in Tibetan and Chinese; the pillar is a high-rung treaty witness but not a timeless modern title deed.
AFTER_STATE: At 821–822 CE, A negotiated settlement is inscribed in Tibetan and Chinese; the pillar is a high-rung treaty witness but not a timeless modern title deed.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 821–822 CE; boundary=EPIGRAPHIC_TREATY; entity=Tang–Tibet treaty and Lhasa pillar; evidence=Surviving inscription, critical editions and diplomatic context.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000092 | RECORD: TBT.000092
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Court conflict and reduction of some Buddhist patronage enter later memory as persecution; scale and mechanism remain disputed.
AFTER_STATE: At c.838–842 CE, Court conflict and reduction of some Buddhist patronage enter later memory as persecution; scale and mechanism remain disputed.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.838–842 CE; boundary=DYNASTIC_POLITY; entity=Lang Darma reign; evidence=Later histories and limited contemporary evidence.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000093 | RECORD: TBT.000093
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Royal assassination intensifies succession conflict and weakens the central fiscal-military host.
AFTER_STATE: At c.842 CE, Royal assassination intensifies succession conflict and weakens the central fiscal-military host.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for c.842 CE; boundary=DYNASTIC_CRISIS; entity=Lang Darma assassination and succession crisis; evidence=Later histories and reconstructed chronology.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000094 | RECORD: TBT.000094
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Regional commanders, royal branches, monasteries and local communities retain or remake capabilities as central imperial control fragments.
AFTER_STATE: At 842–866 CE, Regional commanders, royal branches, monasteries and local communities retain or remake capabilities as central imperial control fragments.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 842–866 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_FISSION; entity=Imperial fission; evidence=Regional texts, Dunhuang chronology and institutional survival.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000095 | RECORD: TBT.000095
BEFORE_STATE: Authority, ritual, routes and armed labour remained divided among plateau and frontier formations.
TRANSFORMATION: Local revolts and rival forces displace Tibetan imperial administration in parts of the Gansu corridor; language and communities do not vanish instantly.
AFTER_STATE: At 848 CE onward, Local revolts and rival forces displace Tibetan imperial administration in parts of the Gansu corridor; language and communities do not vanish instantly.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial reach scales writing, translation and corridors while returning taxation, conscription, garrison cost, religious contest and frontier resistance.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 848 CE onward; boundary=CORRIDOR_GRADED; entity=Hexi and oasis control recedes; evidence=Chinese histories and Dunhuang documents.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000096 | RECORD: TBT.000096
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Royal branches, local aristocracies, monastic remnants and community ritual hosts operate on unsynchronised regional clocks after imperial fission.
AFTER_STATE: At 9th–10th centuries, Royal branches, local aristocracies, monastic remnants and community ritual hosts operate on unsynchronised regional clocks after imperial fission.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 9th–10th centuries; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_FISSION; entity=Post-imperial regionalisation; evidence=Regional chronicles, genealogies, archaeology and institutional continuities.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000097 | RECORD: TBT.000097
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Some ordination lineages weaken or migrate while lay ritual, manuscripts and local temples preserve selected capabilities.
AFTER_STATE: At 9th–10th centuries, Some ordination lineages weaken or migrate while lay ritual, manuscripts and local temples preserve selected capabilities.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 9th–10th centuries; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION; entity=Central monastic ordination contracts; evidence=Later lineage histories and manuscript evidence.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000098 | RECORD: TBT.000098
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Western royal descendants create interacting Guge, Purang and related hosts linking plateau, Himalayan and Indian corridors.
AFTER_STATE: At 10th century, Western royal descendants create interacting Guge, Purang and related hosts linking plateau, Himalayan and Indian corridors.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 10th century; boundary=REGIONAL_POLITY; entity=Ngari Korsum western political field; evidence=Western Tibetan chronicles, inscriptions and monuments.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000099 | RECORD: TBT.000099
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Western Tibetan royal patronage finances translators, temples and study routes, coupling religious reform to political resources.
AFTER_STATE: At late 10th century, Western Tibetan royal patronage finances translators, temples and study routes, coupling religious reform to political resources.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 10th century; boundary=REGIONAL_INSTITUTION; entity=Yeshe Ö patronage programme; evidence=Chronicles, inscriptions and monastic foundations.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000100 | RECORD: TBT.000100
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Rinchen Zangpo and associated teams move between western Tibet, Kashmir and northern India, translating texts and transmitting art and ritual systems.
AFTER_STATE: At 958–1055 CE, Rinchen Zangpo and associated teams move between western Tibet, Kashmir and northern India, translating texts and transmitting art and ritual systems.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 958–1055 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_PERSON_NETWORK; entity=Rinchen Zangpo translation life; evidence=Biographical, inscriptional and art-historical evidence with hagiographic controls.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000101 | RECORD: TBT.000101
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: A western Tibetan monastic host concentrates translation, patronage, ritual and artistic production.
AFTER_STATE: At 996 CE, A western Tibetan monastic host concentrates translation, patronage, ritual and artistic production.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 996 CE; boundary=BOUNDED_INSTITUTION; entity=Toling monastery founded; evidence=Foundation history, architecture and inscriptions.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000102 | RECORD: TBT.000102
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Tabo’s temple complex materialises a western Tibetan–Himalayan knowledge and art route; it remains in Object 25/India geography rather than being absorbed into Tibet.
AFTER_STATE: At 996 CE, Tabo’s temple complex materialises a western Tibetan–Himalayan knowledge and art route; it remains in Object 25/India geography rather than being absorbed into Tibet.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 996 CE; boundary=CROSS_OBJECT_SITE; entity=Tabo monastery cross-Himalayan host; evidence=Inscriptions, architecture and art history.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000103 | RECORD: TBT.000103
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Indian, Kashmiri, Nepalese and Tibetan scholars create reproducible translation lineages with new terminologies, initiation systems and textual corpora.
AFTER_STATE: At late 10th–11th centuries, Indian, Kashmiri, Nepalese and Tibetan scholars create reproducible translation lineages with new terminologies, initiation systems and textual corpora.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 10th–11th centuries; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_NETWORK; entity=New translation teams form; evidence=Colophons, biographies and surviving textual witnesses.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000104 | RECORD: TBT.000104
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: The Bengali monastic scholar Atiśa enters a western Tibetan patronage host and later teaches in central Tibet.
AFTER_STATE: At 1042 CE, The Bengali monastic scholar Atiśa enters a western Tibetan patronage host and later teaches in central Tibet.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1042 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_PERSON; entity=Atiśa arrives in western Tibet; evidence=Biographical and lineage sources, critically edited.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000105 | RECORD: TBT.000105
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Atiśa and Dromtönpa’s teaching lineages organise study, ethical discipline and textual reproduction beyond one court.
AFTER_STATE: At 1040s–1050s CE, Atiśa and Dromtönpa’s teaching lineages organise study, ethical discipline and textual reproduction beyond one court.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1040s–1050s CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION; entity=Kadam teaching network forms; evidence=Biographies, doctrinal texts and institutional histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000106 | RECORD: TBT.000106
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Reting becomes an institutional host for Kadam teaching and later political-religious networks.
AFTER_STATE: At 1057 CE, Reting becomes an institutional host for Kadam teaching and later political-religious networks.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1057 CE; boundary=BOUNDED_INSTITUTION; entity=Reting monastery founded; evidence=Foundation histories and monastic records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000107 | RECORD: TBT.000107
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Khön family patronage establishes Sakya as a durable scholastic, ritual and later governmental host.
AFTER_STATE: At 1073 CE, Khön family patronage establishes Sakya as a durable scholastic, ritual and later governmental host.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1073 CE; boundary=BOUNDED_INSTITUTION; entity=Sakya monastery founded; evidence=Foundation records and Sakya histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000108 | RECORD: TBT.000108
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Marpa’s journeys to India and Nepal move teachings and translation capability into Tibetan household and monastic lineages.
AFTER_STATE: At 11th century, Marpa’s journeys to India and Nepal move teachings and translation capability into Tibetan household and monastic lineages.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 11th century; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_PERSON_NETWORK; entity=Marpa translation network; evidence=Biographical and lineage texts with hagiographic controls.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000109 | RECORD: TBT.000109
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Milarepa’s life becomes a powerful oral, textual and practice template; historical biography and later exemplary narrative remain layered.
AFTER_STATE: At 11th century, Milarepa’s life becomes a powerful oral, textual and practice template; historical biography and later exemplary narrative remain layered.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 11th century; boundary=TEXTUAL_AND_ORAL_LINEAGE; entity=Milarepa lineage memory; evidence=Early biographies, songs and later editions.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000110 | RECORD: TBT.000110
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Teacher–student lineages reproduce meditation, ritual and monastic systems through multiple regional branches.
AFTER_STATE: At 12th century, Teacher–student lineages reproduce meditation, ritual and monastic systems through multiple regional branches.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 12th century; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION; entity=Kagyu institutional branches expand; evidence=Lineage histories and monastery foundations.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000111 | RECORD: TBT.000111
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Older translations, ritual cycles and treasure revelation become organised institutional memory rather than a single unchanged imperial survival.
AFTER_STATE: At 12th–13th centuries, Older translations, ritual cycles and treasure revelation become organised institutional memory rather than a single unchanged imperial survival.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 12th–13th centuries; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION; entity=Nyingma textual and treasure systems consolidate; evidence=Manuscript history, treasure biographies and lineage records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000112 | RECORD: TBT.000112
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Bon communities compile texts, revelation lineages and monasteries in dialogue and competition with Buddhist hosts.
AFTER_STATE: At 11th–13th centuries, Bon communities compile texts, revelation lineages and monasteries in dialogue and competition with Buddhist hosts.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 11th–13th centuries; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION; entity=Bon canon and institutions reorganise; evidence=Bon textual history and critical manuscript study.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000113 | RECORD: TBT.000113
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Kanjur and Tanjur collections emerge through dispersed editorial, translation and manuscript choices rather than one publication event.
AFTER_STATE: At 11th–14th centuries, Kanjur and Tanjur collections emerge through dispersed editorial, translation and manuscript choices rather than one publication event.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 11th–14th centuries; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_CORPUS; entity=Tibetan canonical collections form; evidence=Catalogue, manuscript-family and edition comparison.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000114 | RECORD: TBT.000114
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Scribes, paper makers, artists, patrons and libraries make textual systems reproducible while exposing them to fire, damp, war and elite access.
AFTER_STATE: At 11th–14th centuries, Scribes, paper makers, artists, patrons and libraries make textual systems reproducible while exposing them to fire, damp, war and elite access.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 11th–14th centuries; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_WORKSHOPS; entity=Paper, manuscript and workshop economies; evidence=Manuscript codicology and monastery records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000115 | RECORD: TBT.000115
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Gesar performance carries memory, ethics, geography and political imagination across languages and communities without a single fixed text.
AFTER_STATE: At medieval onward, Gesar performance carries memory, ethics, geography and political imagination across languages and communities without a single fixed text.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for medieval onward; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_ORAL_NETWORK; entity=Gesar epic crosses oral hosts; evidence=Oral-performance collections and manuscript variants.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000116 | RECORD: TBT.000116
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Medical texts and practice integrate Indian, Chinese, Inner Asian and local observation into a distinctive but internally changing system.
AFTER_STATE: At medieval onward, Medical texts and practice integrate Indian, Chinese, Inner Asian and local observation into a distinctive but internally changing system.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for medieval onward; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION; entity=Tibetan medicine recombines knowledge; evidence=Medical treatises, institutional histories and materia medica.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000117 | RECORD: TBT.000117
BEFORE_STATE: Post-imperial political fission weakened or redistributed institutional reproduction and textual custody.
TRANSFORMATION: Indian-derived calculation, Chinese calendrical interfaces and Tibetan institutional practice regulate ritual, agriculture and government timing.
AFTER_STATE: At medieval onward, Indian-derived calculation, Chinese calendrical interfaces and Tibetan institutional practice regulate ritual, agriculture and government timing.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Knowledge and ritual become reproducible in new hosts, while patronage, estate labour, orthodoxy and lineage competition create new dependencies.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for medieval onward; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION; entity=Calendar and astronomical computation scale; evidence=Calendrical texts and institutional use.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000118 | RECORD: TBT.000118
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Mongol forces probe central Tibetan institutions, exposing regional polities to an expanding steppe empire.
AFTER_STATE: At 1240 CE, Mongol forces probe central Tibetan institutions, exposing regional polities to an expanding steppe empire.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1240 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_MILITARY; entity=Mongol raid into central Tibet; evidence=Tibetan and Mongol-period histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000119 | RECORD: TBT.000119
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Sakya Paṇḍita travels to the Mongol prince Köden’s court, negotiating religious patronage and political submission under coercive asymmetry.
AFTER_STATE: At 1244–1247 CE, Sakya Paṇḍita travels to the Mongol prince Köden’s court, negotiating religious patronage and political submission under coercive asymmetry.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1244–1247 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_COURT; entity=Sakya Paṇḍita meets Köden; evidence=Tibetan correspondence, biographies and Mongol context.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000120 | RECORD: TBT.000120
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Sakya mediation, Mongol command and Tibetan regional compliance form a layered relation; no single “priest–patron” label exhausts it.
AFTER_STATE: At 1247 CE, Sakya mediation, Mongol command and Tibetan regional compliance form a layered relation; no single “priest–patron” label exhausts it.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1247 CE; boundary=LAYERED_AUTHORITY; entity=Sakya–Mongol settlement takes form; evidence=Tibetan and Mongol/Yuan sources.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000121 | RECORD: TBT.000121
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Phagpa enters Qubilai’s court and becomes a religious teacher and political intermediary as Mongol imperial institutions consolidate.
AFTER_STATE: At 1253–1260 CE, Phagpa enters Qubilai’s court and becomes a religious teacher and political intermediary as Mongol imperial institutions consolidate.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1253–1260 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_COURT; entity=Phagpa and Qubilai relationship develops; evidence=Court histories, Tibetan biographies and imperial records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000122 | RECORD: TBT.000122
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Qubilai’s imperial accession creates a larger fiscal and command host for Sakya-linked Tibetan administration and Buddhist patronage.
AFTER_STATE: At 1260 CE, Qubilai’s imperial accession creates a larger fiscal and command host for Sakya-linked Tibetan administration and Buddhist patronage.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1260 CE; boundary=IMPERIAL_COURT; entity=Qubilai becomes Great Khan; evidence=Mongol and Yuan historical records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000123 | RECORD: TBT.000123
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: The Yuan court grants Phagpa high ritual and institutional office; title, command and local Tibetan enforcement remain distinct functions.
AFTER_STATE: At 1260s CE, The Yuan court grants Phagpa high ritual and institutional office; title, command and local Tibetan enforcement remain distinct functions.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1260s CE; boundary=IMPERIAL_OFFICE; entity=Phagpa appointed imperial preceptor; evidence=Yuan records and Tibetan histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000124 | RECORD: TBT.000124
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: A new script is designed for imperial multilingual use, demonstrating knowledge portability but limited durable adoption.
AFTER_STATE: At 1269 CE, A new script is designed for imperial multilingual use, demonstrating knowledge portability but limited durable adoption.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1269 CE; boundary=IMPERIAL_INFORMATION_SYSTEM; entity=Phagpa script promulgated; evidence=Imperial documents and script history.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000125 | RECORD: TBT.000125
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Central Tibetan territories are organised into administrative and fiscal units under Sakya personnel and Yuan imperial supervision, with uneven local reach.
AFTER_STATE: At late 13th century, Central Tibetan territories are organised into administrative and fiscal units under Sakya personnel and Yuan imperial supervision, with uneven local reach.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 13th century; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_ADMINISTRATIVE; entity=Thirteen myriarchies administrative model; evidence=Tibetan and Yuan administrative records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000126 | RECORD: TBT.000126
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: A Yuan central bureau manages imperial Buddhist and Tibetan matters; bureaucratic jurisdiction is not identical to every local outcome.
AFTER_STATE: At late 13th century, A Yuan central bureau manages imperial Buddhist and Tibetan matters; bureaucratic jurisdiction is not identical to every local outcome.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 13th century; boundary=IMPERIAL_OFFICE; entity=Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs; evidence=Yuan institutional records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000127 | RECORD: TBT.000127
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Households, monasteries, tribute and routes become more legible to imperial and Sakya-linked administration, returning extraction and compliance burdens.
AFTER_STATE: At late 13th century, Households, monasteries, tribute and routes become more legible to imperial and Sakya-linked administration, returning extraction and compliance burdens.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 13th century; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_ADMINISTRATIVE; entity=Census, taxation and postal logistics; evidence=Fiscal and administrative evidence, incomplete by locality.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000128 | RECORD: TBT.000128
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Sakya institutions exercise major central Tibetan authority through Mongol backing, local administrators and religious legitimacy.
AFTER_STATE: At late 13th century, Sakya institutions exercise major central Tibetan authority through Mongol backing, local administrators and religious legitimacy.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 13th century; boundary=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY; entity=Sakya political hegemony; evidence=Tibetan histories and Yuan records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000129 | RECORD: TBT.000129
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Competition involving Drikung, Sakya and Mongol forces culminates in military destruction, showing the coercive edge of religious-political alignment.
AFTER_STATE: At 1285–1290 CE, Competition involving Drikung, Sakya and Mongol forces culminates in military destruction, showing the coercive edge of religious-political alignment.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1285–1290 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_CONFLICT; entity=Drikung conflict and destruction; evidence=Tibetan and Yuan-period histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000130 | RECORD: TBT.000130
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Teachers, texts and rituals travel into Mongol imperial and regional hosts, transforming both Tibetan institutions and Inner Asian politics.
AFTER_STATE: At 13th–14th centuries, Teachers, texts and rituals travel into Mongol imperial and regional hosts, transforming both Tibetan institutions and Inner Asian politics.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 13th–14th centuries; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_NETWORK; entity=Mongol courts adopt Tibetan Buddhist systems; evidence=Court records, biographies and material culture.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000131 | RECORD: TBT.000131
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Imperial mobility brings Tibetan, Nepalese, Chinese and Central Asian specialists and objects into shared workshops and temples.
AFTER_STATE: At 13th–14th centuries, Imperial mobility brings Tibetan, Nepalese, Chinese and Central Asian specialists and objects into shared workshops and temples.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 13th–14th centuries; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_NETWORK; entity=Artisans and texts cross Yuan networks; evidence=Art history, inscriptions and court records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000132 | RECORD: TBT.000132
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Mongol and Tibetan patrons finance text production and canon projects, increasing replication while preserving edition differences.
AFTER_STATE: At 13th–14th centuries, Mongol and Tibetan patrons finance text production and canon projects, increasing replication while preserving edition differences.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 13th–14th centuries; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_INSTITUTION; entity=Printing and canon patronage expand; evidence=Edition history, colophons and patron records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000133 | RECORD: TBT.000133
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Internal succession, regional resistance and Yuan weakening reduce Sakya governmental reach without ending the school.
AFTER_STATE: At 1320s–1350s CE, Internal succession, regional resistance and Yuan weakening reduce Sakya governmental reach without ending the school.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1320s–1350s CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_FISSION; entity=Sakya authority fragments; evidence=Tibetan political histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000134 | RECORD: TBT.000134
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: Changchub Gyaltsen’s Phagmodrupa forces take central control while Sakya continues as a religious and local institution.
AFTER_STATE: At 1354 CE, Changchub Gyaltsen’s Phagmodrupa forces take central control while Sakya continues as a religious and local institution.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1354 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY; entity=Phagmodrupa replaces Sakya political hegemony; evidence=Tibetan histories and administrative reconstruction.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000135 | RECORD: TBT.000135
BEFORE_STATE: Tibetan religious lineages and regional rulers operated without a durable Mongol-imperial administrative host.
TRANSFORMATION: The Yuan central host collapses, but Mongol–Tibetan religious networks and regional institutions continue in altered forms.
AFTER_STATE: At 1368 CE, The Yuan central host collapses, but Mongol–Tibetan religious networks and regional institutions continue in altered forms.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Imperial patronage scales religious and administrative capability, but sovereignty, local agency and later national categories become enduring sites of dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1368 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_FISSION; entity=Yuan dynasty falls in China; evidence=Ming/Yuan transition histories and Tibetan records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000136 | RECORD: TBT.000136
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: Phagmodrupa authority restructures central Tibetan administration, law and military organisation while remaining regionally bounded.
AFTER_STATE: At 1354–1364 CE, Phagmodrupa authority restructures central Tibetan administration, law and military organisation while remaining regionally bounded.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1354–1364 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_POLITY; entity=Changchub Gyaltsen consolidates Phagmodrupa; evidence=Tibetan political histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000137 | RECORD: TBT.000137
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: Administrative districts, legal codes and taxation are reworked through a Tibetan regional host after Sakya–Yuan decline.
AFTER_STATE: At 14th century, Administrative districts, legal codes and taxation are reworked through a Tibetan regional host after Sakya–Yuan decline.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 14th century; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_ADMINISTRATIVE; entity=Phagmodrupa legal and fiscal reforms; evidence=Later legal histories and institutional records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000138 | RECORD: TBT.000138
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: Ming courts grant titles and receive missions from multiple Tibetan religious and regional leaders; title and tribute do not equal uniform direct rule.
AFTER_STATE: At 14th–15th centuries, Ming courts grant titles and receive missions from multiple Tibetan religious and regional leaders; title and tribute do not equal uniform direct rule.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 14th–15th centuries; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_COURT; entity=Ming titles and exchanges; evidence=Ming records and Tibetan sources.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000139 | RECORD: TBT.000139
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: Rinpungpa patrons and armies become dominant in parts of central and western Tibet, linking regional power to Kagyu institutions.
AFTER_STATE: At 15th century, Rinpungpa patrons and armies become dominant in parts of central and western Tibet, linking regional power to Kagyu institutions.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 15th century; boundary=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY; entity=Rinpungpa hegemony grows; evidence=Tibetan political and lineage histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000140 | RECORD: TBT.000140
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: Tsongkhapa’s monastic reform network gains a durable institutional host at Ganden.
AFTER_STATE: At 1409 CE, Tsongkhapa’s monastic reform network gains a durable institutional host at Ganden.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1409 CE; boundary=BOUNDED_INSTITUTION; entity=Ganden monastery founded; evidence=Foundation and lineage records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000141 | RECORD: TBT.000141
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: A large Lhasa ritual and teaching assembly coordinates scholastic, urban and political life while depending on patronage and crowd logistics.
AFTER_STATE: At 1409 CE, A large Lhasa ritual and teaching assembly coordinates scholastic, urban and political life while depending on patronage and crowd logistics.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1409 CE; boundary=URBAN_RITUAL_INSTITUTION; entity=Monlam prayer festival institutionalised; evidence=Festival and monastic histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000142 | RECORD: TBT.000142
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: Drepung becomes a large scholastic and later political institution whose scale rests on estates, discipline and recruitment.
AFTER_STATE: At 1416 CE, Drepung becomes a large scholastic and later political institution whose scale rests on estates, discipline and recruitment.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1416 CE; boundary=BOUNDED_INSTITUTION; entity=Drepung monastery founded; evidence=Foundation and monastic histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000143 | RECORD: TBT.000143
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: Sera adds another major Gelug scholastic host to the Lhasa institutional field.
AFTER_STATE: At 1419 CE, Sera adds another major Gelug scholastic host to the Lhasa institutional field.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1419 CE; boundary=BOUNDED_INSTITUTION; entity=Sera monastery founded; evidence=Foundation records and monastic history.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000144 | RECORD: TBT.000144
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: Gedun Drub establishes Tashilhunpo, later associated with the Panchen Lama institution and Tsang regional power.
AFTER_STATE: At 1447 CE, Gedun Drub establishes Tashilhunpo, later associated with the Panchen Lama institution and Tsang regional power.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1447 CE; boundary=BOUNDED_INSTITUTION; entity=Tashilhunpo monastery founded; evidence=Monastic and biographical records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000145 | RECORD: TBT.000145
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: Tsang rulers displace Rinpungpa power and support Karma Kagyu networks, sharpening competition with Gelug institutions.
AFTER_STATE: At 1565 CE onward, Tsang rulers displace Rinpungpa power and support Karma Kagyu networks, sharpening competition with Gelug institutions.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1565 CE onward; boundary=REGIONAL_HEGEMONY; entity=Tsangpa political hegemony; evidence=Tibetan political histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000146 | RECORD: TBT.000146
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: A Gelug teacher and Tümed Mongol ruler exchange titles and patronage; the Dalai Lama title is retrospectively extended to predecessors.
AFTER_STATE: At 1578 CE, A Gelug teacher and Tümed Mongol ruler exchange titles and patronage; the Dalai Lama title is retrospectively extended to predecessors.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1578 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_COURT; entity=Sonam Gyatso meets Altan Khan; evidence=Tibetan and Mongol histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000147 | RECORD: TBT.000147
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: Teachers, patrons, monasteries and military alliances connect central Tibet with multiple Mongol polities.
AFTER_STATE: At late 16th century, Teachers, patrons, monasteries and military alliances connect central Tibet with multiple Mongol polities.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 16th century; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_NETWORK; entity=Gelug–Mongol networks expand; evidence=Biographies, court records and monastery histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000148 | RECORD: TBT.000148
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: Yonten Gyatso’s recognition and education embody Mongol–Tibetan religious integration while also intensifying regional political opposition.
AFTER_STATE: At 1589–1617 CE, Yonten Gyatso’s recognition and education embody Mongol–Tibetan religious integration while also intensifying regional political opposition.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1589–1617 CE; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION; entity=Fourth Dalai Lama as Mongol-born hierarch; evidence=Biographical and political histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000149 | RECORD: TBT.000149
BEFORE_STATE: No single formation held uniform plateau-wide control after imperial and Yuan-linked fission.
TRANSFORMATION: Tsangpa, Gelug, Kagyu and Mongol actors compete through shifting military and religious coalitions; school labels do not automate individual allegiance.
AFTER_STATE: At early 17th century, Tsangpa, Gelug, Kagyu and Mongol actors compete through shifting military and religious coalitions; school labels do not automate individual allegiance.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Regional institutions innovate and compete, widening intellectual life while exposing households and monasteries to factional war and patron dependence.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for early 17th century; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_CONFLICT; entity=Central Tibetan factional warfare; evidence=Tibetan, Mongol and institutional histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000150 | RECORD: TBT.000150
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Khoshut Mongol military power defeats the Tsang regime, creating the coercive condition for new central government.
AFTER_STATE: At 1642 CE, Khoshut Mongol military power defeats the Tsang regime, creating the coercive condition for new central government.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1642 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_MILITARY; entity=Güshi Khan defeats Tsangpa; evidence=Tibetan and Mongol political histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000151 | RECORD: TBT.000151
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: The Fifth Dalai Lama becomes the central religious-political figure of a government whose operation depends on officials, estates and Khoshut force.
AFTER_STATE: At 1642 CE, The Fifth Dalai Lama becomes the central religious-political figure of a government whose operation depends on officials, estates and Khoshut force.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1642 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_GOVERNMENT; entity=Ganden Phodrang government established; evidence=Governmental, biographical and military records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000152 | RECORD: TBT.000152
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Khoshut rulers retain military and royal functions alongside Ganden Phodrang administration; religious leadership is not sole coercive sovereignty.
AFTER_STATE: At 1642–1717 CE, Khoshut rulers retain military and royal functions alongside Ganden Phodrang administration; religious leadership is not sole coercive sovereignty.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1642–1717 CE; boundary=LAYERED_AUTHORITY; entity=Khoshut military sponsorship persists; evidence=Tibetan and Mongol histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000153 | RECORD: TBT.000153
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: The Potala becomes a governmental, ritual, archival and symbolic host, built through material, labour and fiscal systems.
AFTER_STATE: At 1645–1690s CE, The Potala becomes a governmental, ritual, archival and symbolic host, built through material, labour and fiscal systems.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1645–1690s CE; boundary=BOUNDED_INSTITUTION; entity=Potala Palace constructed and enlarged; evidence=Architecture, inscriptions and government history.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000154 | RECORD: TBT.000154
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: The Fifth Dalai Lama and Shunzhi emperor conduct a carefully staged diplomatic-religious encounter whose titulature supports competing later readings.
AFTER_STATE: At 1652–1653 CE, The Fifth Dalai Lama and Shunzhi emperor conduct a carefully staged diplomatic-religious encounter whose titulature supports competing later readings.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1652–1653 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_COURT; entity=Fifth Dalai Lama visits Qing court; evidence=Qing and Tibetan court records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000155 | RECORD: TBT.000155
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: The regent operates government, diplomacy, medicine and knowledge institutions, demonstrating political capability beyond reincarnate officeholders.
AFTER_STATE: At 1679–1703 CE, The regent operates government, diplomacy, medicine and knowledge institutions, demonstrating political capability beyond reincarnate officeholders.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1679–1703 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_OFFICE; entity=Sangye Gyatso regency; evidence=Government and biographical records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000156 | RECORD: TBT.000156
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: State-supported medical teaching and pharmacological organisation make healing knowledge more reproducible while access remains socially uneven.
AFTER_STATE: At late 17th century, State-supported medical teaching and pharmacological organisation make healing knowledge more reproducible while access remains socially uneven.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 17th century; boundary=BOUNDED_INSTITUTION; entity=Chakpori medical institution; evidence=Medical institutional history.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000157 | RECORD: TBT.000157
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Ganden Phodrang and Mongol forces fight Ladakh; Mughal intervention and Himalayan logistics expose multi-polity dependencies.
AFTER_STATE: At 1679–1683 CE, Ganden Phodrang and Mongol forces fight Ladakh; Mughal intervention and Himalayan logistics expose multi-polity dependencies.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1679–1683 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_CONFLICT; entity=Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war; evidence=Ladakh and Tibetan histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000158 | RECORD: TBT.000158
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: The settlement restructures Ladakh–Tibet trade and political relations; terms and later interpretation remain bounded to the agreement.
AFTER_STATE: At 1684 CE, The settlement restructures Ladakh–Tibet trade and political relations; terms and later interpretation remain bounded to the agreement.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1684 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY; entity=Treaty of Tingmosgang; evidence=Treaty histories and regional records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000159 | RECORD: TBT.000159
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Regent Sangye Gyatso delays public disclosure, preserving governmental projects while creating succession and trust debt.
AFTER_STATE: At 1682–1697 CE, Regent Sangye Gyatso delays public disclosure, preserving governmental projects while creating succession and trust debt.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1682–1697 CE; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION; entity=Fifth Dalai Lama’s death concealed; evidence=Biographical and government histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000160 | RECORD: TBT.000160
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Tsangyang Gyatso’s office, person and lifestyle become contested among regent, Khoshut and Qing-linked actors; recognition is not secure coercive control.
AFTER_STATE: At 1697–1706 CE, Tsangyang Gyatso’s office, person and lifestyle become contested among regent, Khoshut and Qing-linked actors; recognition is not secure coercive control.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1697–1706 CE; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION; entity=Sixth Dalai Lama enthroned then deposed; evidence=Tibetan, Mongol and Qing sources.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000161 | RECORD: TBT.000161
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Khoshut military action kills the regent and displaces the Sixth Dalai Lama, exposing the armed dependency beneath religious-political order.
AFTER_STATE: At 1705–1706 CE, Khoshut military action kills the regent and displaces the Sixth Dalai Lama, exposing the armed dependency beneath religious-political order.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1705–1706 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_COUP; entity=Lhazang Khan removes Sangye Gyatso; evidence=Tibetan, Mongol and Qing histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000162 | RECORD: TBT.000162
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Dzungar Mongols defeat Lhazang Khan, occupy central Tibet and attack rival religious and political networks.
AFTER_STATE: At 1717 CE, Dzungar Mongols defeat Lhazang Khan, occupy central Tibet and attack rival religious and political networks.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1717 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_OCCUPATION; entity=Dzungar forces seize Lhasa; evidence=Tibetan, Mongol and Qing records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000163 | RECORD: TBT.000163
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Qing-led forces enter Lhasa, remove Dzungar control and install a new political-military arrangement around the Seventh Dalai Lama.
AFTER_STATE: At 1720 CE, Qing-led forces enter Lhasa, remove Dzungar control and install a new political-military arrangement around the Seventh Dalai Lama.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1720 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_MILITARY; entity=Qing–Khoshut expedition expels Dzungars; evidence=Qing, Mongol and Tibetan records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000164 | RECORD: TBT.000164
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Qing representatives and troops form an imperial oversight and security layer whose authority changes by crisis, reign and locality.
AFTER_STATE: At 1720s CE, Qing representatives and troops form an imperial oversight and security layer whose authority changes by crisis, reign and locality.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1720s CE; boundary=LAYERED_AUTHORITY; entity=Ambans and garrison interface begins; evidence=Multilingual administrative records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000165 | RECORD: TBT.000165
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Polhané stabilises government under Qing-recognised authority while maintaining Tibetan administrative and military functions.
AFTER_STATE: At 1727–1747 CE, Polhané stabilises government under Qing-recognised authority while maintaining Tibetan administrative and military functions.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1727–1747 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_GOVERNMENT; entity=Polhané governs central Tibet; evidence=Tibetan and Qing records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000166 | RECORD: TBT.000166
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Ambans kill the Tibetan ruler; subsequent uprising kills the ambans and triggers Qing intervention and institutional redesign.
AFTER_STATE: At 1750 CE, Ambans kill the Tibetan ruler; subsequent uprising kills the ambans and triggers Qing intervention and institutional redesign.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1750 CE; boundary=URBAN_POLITICAL_CRISIS; entity=Gyurmé Namgyal crisis and Lhasa unrest; evidence=Qing and Tibetan accounts.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000167 | RECORD: TBT.000167
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: A revised arrangement strengthens the Dalai Lama’s governmental role and Qing oversight while abolishing the secular regent-prince office.
AFTER_STATE: At 1751 CE, A revised arrangement strengthens the Dalai Lama’s governmental role and Qing oversight while abolishing the secular regent-prince office.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1751 CE; boundary=LEGAL_ADMINISTRATIVE; entity=Qing–Tibetan governmental reform; evidence=Imperial edicts and Tibetan administrative history.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000168 | RECORD: TBT.000168
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Minority successions make regents, monastic colleges, Kashag officials and ambans recurring operators, separating office continuity from the person of a Dalai Lama.
AFTER_STATE: At 18th century, Minority successions make regents, monastic colleges, Kashag officials and ambans recurring operators, separating office continuity from the person of a Dalai Lama.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 18th century; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION; entity=Regency becomes recurring control form; evidence=Biographies and government records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000169 | RECORD: TBT.000169
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Tashilhunpo’s hierarchs operate religious, diplomatic and succession functions across Tibet, Qing and Mongol networks.
AFTER_STATE: At 18th century, Tashilhunpo’s hierarchs operate religious, diplomatic and succession functions across Tibet, Qing and Mongol networks.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 18th century; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_INSTITUTION; entity=Panchen Lama institution gains transregional weight; evidence=Biographical and court records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000170 | RECORD: TBT.000170
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Gorkha forces enter Tibetan territory amid trade and currency disputes, prompting negotiated settlement and unresolved obligations.
AFTER_STATE: At 1788 CE, Gorkha forces enter Tibetan territory amid trade and currency disputes, prompting negotiated settlement and unresolved obligations.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1788 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_CONFLICT; entity=First Gorkha–Tibet war; evidence=Nepalese, Tibetan and Qing records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000171 | RECORD: TBT.000171
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Renewed war reaches near Shigatse before Qing forces intervene and pursue into Nepal.
AFTER_STATE: At 1791–1792 CE, Renewed war reaches near Shigatse before Qing forces intervene and pursue into Nepal.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1791–1792 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_CONFLICT; entity=Second Gorkha invasion and Qing response; evidence=Qing, Nepalese and Tibetan records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000172 | RECORD: TBT.000172
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Qing regulations address selection, administration, currency, frontier and military matters; promulgation does not prove uniform implementation.
AFTER_STATE: At 1793 CE, Qing regulations address selection, administration, currency, frontier and military matters; promulgation does not prove uniform implementation.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1793 CE; boundary=LEGAL_ADMINISTRATIVE; entity=Twenty-Nine Articles reform programme; evidence=Qing legal and administrative records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000173 | RECORD: TBT.000173
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: The Qing court introduces a lottery procedure for major reincarnations; use, exemption, recognition and community legitimacy remain distinct.
AFTER_STATE: At 1793 CE, The Qing court introduces a lottery procedure for major reincarnations; use, exemption, recognition and community legitimacy remain distinct.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1793 CE; boundary=SUCCESSION_PROCEDURE; entity=Golden Urn procedure introduced; evidence=Multilingual archive and case studies.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000174 | RECORD: TBT.000174
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Some succession cases use the urn, others receive exemptions or are represented differently; no claim of automatic universal use is permitted.
AFTER_STATE: At 1793–1911 CE, Some succession cases use the urn, others receive exemptions or are represented differently; no claim of automatic universal use is permitted.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1793–1911 CE; boundary=CASE_DISTRIBUTED; entity=Golden Urn application varies; evidence=Case-by-case Qing and Tibetan records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000175 | RECORD: TBT.000175
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Tea, wool, salt, horses and silver circulate through Sichuan, Qinghai, Nepal, Ladakh and India, binding households to frontier markets.
AFTER_STATE: At 17th–19th centuries, Tea, wool, salt, horses and silver circulate through Sichuan, Qinghai, Nepal, Ladakh and India, binding households to frontier markets.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 17th–19th centuries; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_CORRIDORS; entity=Tea–horse and wool trade networks; evidence=Trade records, travel accounts and market histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000176 | RECORD: TBT.000176
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Estates coordinate land, tenancy, corvée and religious finance with varying rights and coercion by place and period.
AFTER_STATE: At 17th–20th centuries, Estates coordinate land, tenancy, corvée and religious finance with varying rights and coercion by place and period.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 17th–20th centuries; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_SOCIAL_SYSTEM; entity=Monastic and aristocratic estate system; evidence=Estate records, legal texts, accounts and testimony.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000177 | RECORD: TBT.000177
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Kailash, Lhasa, Tashilhunpo and dispersed sacred sites move persons, offerings and narratives through Himalayan and Inner Asian systems.
AFTER_STATE: At 17th–20th centuries, Kailash, Lhasa, Tashilhunpo and dispersed sacred sites move persons, offerings and narratives through Himalayan and Inner Asian systems.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 17th–20th centuries; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_NETWORK; entity=Pilgrimage landscapes operate across borders; evidence=Pilgrim accounts, institutional records and material routes.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000178 | RECORD: TBT.000178
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Imperial authority is strongest in particular crises, offices and corridors and weaker in other local processes; neither absence nor totality is encoded.
AFTER_STATE: At 18th–19th centuries, Imperial authority is strongest in particular crises, offices and corridors and weaker in other local processes; neither absence nor totality is encoded.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 18th–19th centuries; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_GRADED; entity=Qing reach remains spatially uneven; evidence=Multilingual case-specific administrative evidence.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000179 | RECORD: TBT.000179
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Local chieftains, monasteries, Lhasa, Sichuan and Qing offices share and contest control in eastern Tibetan regions.
AFTER_STATE: At 18th–19th centuries, Local chieftains, monasteries, Lhasa, Sichuan and Qing offices share and contest control in eastern Tibetan regions.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 18th–19th centuries; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_GRADED; entity=Kham political mosaic persists; evidence=Local, Tibetan and Qing administrative histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000180 | RECORD: TBT.000180
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Monasteries, Mongol groups, Tibetan communities and Qing provincial systems interact without forming one uniform Lhasa-administered space.
AFTER_STATE: At 18th–19th centuries, Monasteries, Mongol groups, Tibetan communities and Qing provincial systems interact without forming one uniform Lhasa-administered space.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 18th–19th centuries; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_GRADED; entity=Amdo religious and political mosaic; evidence=Regional histories, biographies and Qing records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000181 | RECORD: TBT.000181
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Dogra forces invade western Tibet, are defeated after severe winter campaigning, and negotiate a settlement at Chushul.
AFTER_STATE: At 1841–1842 CE, Dogra forces invade western Tibet, are defeated after severe winter campaigning, and negotiate a settlement at Chushul.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1841–1842 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_CONFLICT; entity=Dogra–Tibet war; evidence=Ladakh, Tibetan and British-era histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000182 | RECORD: TBT.000182
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Ladakh/Dogra and Tibetan representatives restore prior relations after war; its wording does not resolve every later border claim.
AFTER_STATE: At 1842 CE, Ladakh/Dogra and Tibetan representatives restore prior relations after war; its wording does not resolve every later border claim.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1842 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY; entity=Treaty of Chushul; evidence=Treaty text and historical analysis.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000183 | RECORD: TBT.000183
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: A Kham regional expansion prompts Ganden Phodrang military intervention, demonstrating both eastern reach and its exceptional cost.
AFTER_STATE: At 1850s–1860s CE, A Kham regional expansion prompts Ganden Phodrang military intervention, demonstrating both eastern reach and its exceptional cost.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1850s–1860s CE; boundary=REGIONAL_CONFLICT; entity=Nyarong conflict and Lhasa intervention; evidence=Tibetan regional histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000184 | RECORD: TBT.000184
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: British India, Qing and Russian strategic imaginations increasingly map Tibet as a buffer, while Tibetan actors attempt to restrict access.
AFTER_STATE: At late 19th century, British India, Qing and Russian strategic imaginations increasingly map Tibet as a buffer, while Tibetan actors attempt to restrict access.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 19th century; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_STRATEGIC; entity=Great Game pressure intensifies; evidence=Diplomatic archives, maps and travel records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000185 | RECORD: TBT.000185
BEFORE_STATE: Rival central Tibetan and Mongol-supported formations divided military, fiscal and religious authority.
TRANSFORMATION: Britain and Qing China negotiate a boundary and trade framework without Tibetan participation, creating implementation and consent debt.
AFTER_STATE: At 1890 CE, Britain and Qing China negotiate a boundary and trade framework without Tibetan participation, creating implementation and consent debt.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: A durable religious-political host emerges, but military sponsorship, imperial oversight, estate hierarchy, succession and frontier reach remain separate control variables.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1890 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY; entity=Anglo-Chinese Sikkim–Tibet convention; evidence=Treaty text and frontier archives.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000186 | RECORD: TBT.000186
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: A British Indian force crosses into Tibet under the label of a mission, fighting toward Lhasa through industrial military asymmetry.
AFTER_STATE: At 1903–1904 CE, A British Indian force crosses into Tibet under the label of a mission, fighting toward Lhasa through industrial military asymmetry.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1903–1904 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_INVASION; entity=Younghusband invasion; evidence=British, Tibetan and comparative archival evidence.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000187 | RECORD: TBT.000187
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: British Indian firepower kills a large number of Tibetan defenders after a confrontation; sequence, intent and totals require source-labelled reconstruction.
AFTER_STATE: At 31 March 1904 CE, British Indian firepower kills a large number of Tibetan defenders after a confrontation; sequence, intent and totals require source-labelled reconstruction.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 31 March 1904 CE; boundary=BOUNDED_BATTLE; entity=Chumik Shenko killings; evidence=Military archives, eyewitnesses and Tibetan accounts.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000188 | RECORD: TBT.000188
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Tibetan representatives accept indemnity, trade and strategic restrictions under British military coercion; signature does not erase duress.
AFTER_STATE: At 7 September 1904 CE, Tibetan representatives accept indemnity, trade and strategic restrictions under British military coercion; signature does not erase duress.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 7 September 1904 CE; boundary=COERCED_TREATY; entity=Lhasa Convention signed under occupation; evidence=Convention text and invasion context.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000189 | RECORD: TBT.000189
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Britain recognises Qing suzerainty language and China undertakes obligations concerning Tibet; Tibetan consent is not supplied by bilateral text.
AFTER_STATE: At 1906 CE, Britain recognises Qing suzerainty language and China undertakes obligations concerning Tibet; Tibetan consent is not supplied by bilateral text.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1906 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY; entity=Anglo-Chinese Convention; evidence=Treaty text and diplomatic archive.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000190 | RECORD: TBT.000190
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Britain and Russia agree not to negotiate with Tibet except through China, treating Tibetan agency as an object of imperial management.
AFTER_STATE: At 1907 CE, Britain and Russia agree not to negotiate with Tibet except through China, treating Tibetan agency as an object of imperial management.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1907 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY; entity=Anglo-Russian Convention; evidence=Convention text and diplomatic context.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000191 | RECORD: TBT.000191
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Batang violence and Zhao Erfeng’s campaigns bring coercive administrative, military and educational restructuring to parts of Kham.
AFTER_STATE: At 1905–1911 CE, Batang violence and Zhao Erfeng’s campaigns bring coercive administrative, military and educational restructuring to parts of Kham.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1905–1911 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_COERCIVE; entity=Eastern Tibetan revolt and Qing new-policy expansion; evidence=Qing, missionary and Tibetan records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000192 | RECORD: TBT.000192
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: A Qing expedition displaces the Thirteenth Dalai Lama into British India and attempts direct administrative control.
AFTER_STATE: At 1910 CE, A Qing expedition displaces the Thirteenth Dalai Lama into British India and attempts direct administrative control.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1910 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_OCCUPATION; entity=Qing troops enter Lhasa; evidence=Qing, Tibetan and British records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000193 | RECORD: TBT.000193
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Revolution in China breaks the imperial command chain; Tibetan forces and officials expel remaining Qing troops from central Tibet.
AFTER_STATE: At 1911–1912 CE, Revolution in China breaks the imperial command chain; Tibetan forces and officials expel remaining Qing troops from central Tibet.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1911–1912 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_FISSION; entity=Qing imperial collapse reaches Tibet; evidence=Tibetan, Chinese and British diplomatic records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000194 | RECORD: TBT.000194
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: The Dalai Lama resumes government after exile as Qing forces depart and new Republican Chinese claims emerge.
AFTER_STATE: At 1912 CE, The Dalai Lama resumes government after exile as Qing forces depart and new Republican Chinese claims emerge.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1912 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_GOVERNMENT; entity=Thirteenth Dalai Lama returns to Lhasa; evidence=Tibetan government and diplomatic records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000195 | RECORD: TBT.000195
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: A proclamation rejects prior Chinese authority and asserts Tibetan political independence; text, operation and external recognition remain distinct.
AFTER_STATE: At 1913 CE, A proclamation rejects prior Chinese authority and asserts Tibetan political independence; text, operation and external recognition remain distinct.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1913 CE; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_CLAIM; entity=Thirteenth Dalai Lama proclamation; evidence=Tibetan text and diplomatic reception.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000196 | RECORD: TBT.000196
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Tibetan and Mongolian representatives exchange mutual-recognition language; authority, ratification and international effect remain debated.
AFTER_STATE: At 1913 CE, Tibetan and Mongolian representatives exchange mutual-recognition language; authority, ratification and international effect remain debated.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1913 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_TREATY_CONTESTED; entity=Tibet–Mongolia treaty; evidence=Treaty text and diplomatic history.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000197 | RECORD: TBT.000197
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Tibetan, British Indian and Chinese representatives negotiate status and boundaries; China initials but does not ratify the convention.
AFTER_STATE: At 1913–1914 CE, Tibetan, British Indian and Chinese representatives negotiate status and boundaries; China initials but does not ratify the convention.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1913–1914 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_CONFERENCE; entity=Simla Conference; evidence=Conference records, drafts and maps.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000198 | RECORD: TBT.000198
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: British and Tibetan representatives exchange a map concerning the eastern Himalayan boundary; later legal and territorial effects remain contested.
AFTER_STATE: At 1914 CE, British and Tibetan representatives exchange a map concerning the eastern Himalayan boundary; later legal and territorial effects remain contested.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1914 CE; boundary=BOUNDARY_DOCUMENT; entity=McMahon Line map exchange; evidence=Simla maps and correspondence.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000199 | RECORD: TBT.000199
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Tibetan forces advance in eastern regions before a truce; effective control remains corridor- and district-specific.
AFTER_STATE: At 1917–1918 CE, Tibetan forces advance in eastern regions before a truce; effective control remains corridor- and district-specific.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1917–1918 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_CONFLICT; entity=Tibetan–Chinese frontier war; evidence=Tibetan, Chinese and British records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000200 | RECORD: TBT.000200
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: The Ganden Phodrang runs internal administration, taxation, courts, diplomacy and limited modern services in its effective territory while legal status and reach remain contested.
AFTER_STATE: At 1912–1950 CE, The Ganden Phodrang runs internal administration, taxation, courts, diplomacy and limited modern services in its effective territory while legal status and reach remain contested.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1912–1950 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_GOVERNMENT_GRADED; entity=Lhasa government operates de facto; evidence=Government records, foreign archives and social history.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000201 | RECORD: TBT.000201
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: The Lhasa government develops salaried military and police capabilities using British Indian training and imported equipment, constrained by fiscal and elite resistance.
AFTER_STATE: At 1910s–1930s CE, The Lhasa government develops salaried military and police capabilities using British Indian training and imported equipment, constrained by fiscal and elite resistance.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1910s–1930s CE; boundary=REGIONAL_INSTITUTION; entity=Army and police modernisation; evidence=Government, British and military records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000202 | RECORD: TBT.000202
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Currency, stamps, postal routes and communications increase state legibility but remain limited in reach and maintenance.
AFTER_STATE: At 1910s–1940s CE, Currency, stamps, postal routes and communications increase state legibility but remain limited in reach and maintenance.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1910s–1940s CE; boundary=REGIONAL_INFRASTRUCTURE; entity=Mint, post and telegraph capabilities; evidence=Material objects, government records and foreign observations.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000203 | RECORD: TBT.000203
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Aristocratic, monastic and government estates structure labour, tenancy and obligation; conditions vary and resist both romantic and propaganda totalisation.
AFTER_STATE: At 1910s–1950 CE, Aristocratic, monastic and government estates structure labour, tenancy and obligation; conditions vary and resist both romantic and propaganda totalisation.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1910s–1950 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_SOCIAL_SYSTEM; entity=Estate hierarchy continues under reform debate; evidence=Estate records, accounts, legal history and oral testimony.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000204 | RECORD: TBT.000204
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Small educational and technical initiatives attempt institutional change but face political, fiscal and monastic resistance.
AFTER_STATE: At 1920s CE, Small educational and technical initiatives attempt institutional change but face political, fiscal and monastic resistance.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1920s CE; boundary=BOUNDED_INSTITUTIONS; entity=British-linked school and reform experiments; evidence=Government and British archival records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000205 | RECORD: TBT.000205
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: The ruler’s death activates regency and reincarnation search procedures while unresolved reform and security debts persist.
AFTER_STATE: At 1933 CE, The ruler’s death activates regency and reincarnation search procedures while unresolved reform and security debts persist.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1933 CE; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION; entity=Thirteenth Dalai Lama dies; evidence=Government and biographical records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000206 | RECORD: TBT.000206
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Lhamo Dhondup is born in Amdo; later recognition does not retroactively place the birth under Lhasa control.
AFTER_STATE: At 1935 CE, Lhamo Dhondup is born in Amdo; later recognition does not retroactively place the birth under Lhasa control.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1935 CE; boundary=PERSON_LIFECYCLE; entity=Fourteenth Dalai Lama born; evidence=Biographical and local records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000207 | RECORD: TBT.000207
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Search, oracles, tests, negotiation and government recognition install the child as Dalai Lama; procedure, political mediation and community legitimacy are distinguishable.
AFTER_STATE: At 1939–1940 CE, Search, oracles, tests, negotiation and government recognition install the child as Dalai Lama; procedure, political mediation and community legitimacy are distinguishable.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1939–1940 CE; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION; entity=Fourteenth Dalai Lama recognised and enthroned; evidence=Government, biographical and diplomatic records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000208 | RECORD: TBT.000208
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: Allied and Chinese efforts seek transport and diplomatic access while Lhasa attempts neutrality and manages supply interfaces.
AFTER_STATE: At 1939–1945 CE, Allied and Chinese efforts seek transport and diplomatic access while Lhasa attempts neutrality and manages supply interfaces.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1939–1945 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_STRATEGIC; entity=Second World War routes bypass and pressure Tibet; evidence=British, Chinese, American and Tibetan diplomatic records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000209 | RECORD: TBT.000209
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: A Tibetan government mission visits India, China, the United States and Britain seeking trade and political space; reception falls short of universal recognition.
AFTER_STATE: At 1947–1948 CE, A Tibetan government mission visits India, China, the United States and Britain seeking trade and political space; reception falls short of universal recognition.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1947–1948 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_DIPLOMACY; entity=Tibetan trade mission travels abroad; evidence=Mission records and foreign diplomatic archives.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000210 | RECORD: TBT.000210
BEFORE_STATE: Older Qing, Tibetan and Himalayan arrangements faced industrial imperial rivalry and new boundary law.
TRANSFORMATION: The PRC inherits and reformulates Chinese claims to Tibet with a consolidated party-state and army, changing the control geometry facing Lhasa.
AFTER_STATE: At 1949 CE, The PRC inherits and reformulates Chinese claims to Tibet with a consolidated party-state and army, changing the control geometry facing Lhasa.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Modern treaties, armies, maps and communications increase state legibility while leaving recognition, border consent, social reform and coercion unresolved.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1949 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_STATE; entity=People’s Republic of China founded; evidence=PRC founding records and diplomatic history.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000211 | RECORD: TBT.000211
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: People’s Liberation Army forces defeat the eastern Tibetan army and capture Chamdo, creating military leverage for negotiations.
AFTER_STATE: At October 1950 CE, People’s Liberation Army forces defeat the eastern Tibetan army and capture Chamdo, creating military leverage for negotiations.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for October 1950 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_MILITARY; entity=Battle of Chamdo; evidence=Chinese, Tibetan and scholarly operational histories; casualty totals vary.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000212 | RECORD: TBT.000212
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: The fifteen-year-old Dalai Lama is given full governmental authority amid military crisis, compressing succession and executive clocks.
AFTER_STATE: At November 1950 CE, The fifteen-year-old Dalai Lama is given full governmental authority amid military crisis, compressing succession and executive clocks.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for November 1950 CE; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION; entity=Fourteenth Dalai Lama assumes temporal authority early; evidence=Tibetan government and biographical records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000213 | RECORD: TBT.000213
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Tibetan delegates sign an agreement with the PRC promising autonomy, religious protection and gradual reform under Chinese sovereignty; consent and authority are disputed.
AFTER_STATE: At 23 May 1951 CE, Tibetan delegates sign an agreement with the PRC promising autonomy, religious protection and gradual reform under Chinese sovereignty; consent and authority are disputed.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 23 May 1951 CE; boundary=CONTESTED_AGREEMENT; entity=Seventeen Point Agreement signed; evidence=Agreement text, negotiation records and competing institutional positions.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000214 | RECORD: TBT.000214
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: PLA units arrive in Lhasa under the agreement’s new control arrangement, linking central Tibet to PRC military logistics.
AFTER_STATE: At September 1951 CE, PLA units arrive in Lhasa under the agreement’s new control arrangement, linking central Tibet to PRC military logistics.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for September 1951 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_MILITARY; entity=PLA enters Lhasa; evidence=Chinese, Tibetan and scholarly accounts.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000215 | RECORD: TBT.000215
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Ganden Phodrang institutions continue alongside expanding PRC party, military and liaison structures; formal promises and lived power diverge by sector.
AFTER_STATE: At 1951–1955 CE, Ganden Phodrang institutions continue alongside expanding PRC party, military and liaison structures; formal promises and lived power diverge by sector.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1951–1955 CE; boundary=LAYERED_AUTHORITY; entity=Dual administrative order operates; evidence=Agreement text, official records and Tibetan accounts.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000216 | RECORD: TBT.000216
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: The Fourteenth Dalai Lama attends the National People’s Congress and meets Mao and other leaders, participating in the new state framework without closing legitimacy disputes.
AFTER_STATE: At 1954–1955 CE, The Fourteenth Dalai Lama attends the National People’s Congress and meets Mao and other leaders, participating in the new state framework without closing legitimacy disputes.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1954–1955 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_COURT; entity=Dalai Lama visits Beijing; evidence=PRC and Tibetan memoir/documentary records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000217 | RECORD: TBT.000217
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: A new regional institution is designed to integrate Tibetan and PRC administrative actors; representation and effective authority remain unequal and contested.
AFTER_STATE: At 1955–1956 CE, A new regional institution is designed to integrate Tibetan and PRC administrative actors; representation and effective authority remain unequal and contested.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1955–1956 CE; boundary=LEGAL_INSTITUTION; entity=Preparatory Committee for TAR forms; evidence=Official records and political histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000218 | RECORD: TBT.000218
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Land and social reforms accelerate in Tibetan areas of Sichuan and Qinghai before central Tibet, generating distinct local conflicts.
AFTER_STATE: At mid-1950s CE, Land and social reforms accelerate in Tibetan areas of Sichuan and Qinghai before central Tibet, generating distinct local conflicts.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for mid-1950s CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_POLICY; entity=Reform clocks diverge east and west; evidence=Regional, PRC, Tibetan and scholarly histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000219 | RECORD: TBT.000219
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Armed resistance grows in Kham and Amdo amid collectivisation, attacks on monasteries and state repression; actors and motives vary locally.
AFTER_STATE: At 1956–1958 CE, Armed resistance grows in Kham and Amdo amid collectivisation, attacks on monasteries and state repression; actors and motives vary locally.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1956–1958 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_CONFLICT; entity=Eastern Tibetan resistance expands; evidence=Chinese and Tibetan histories, oral accounts and declassified external records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000220 | RECORD: TBT.000220
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: United States covert support trains and supplies some Tibetan resistance actors, adding an external military dependency without explaining the resistance’s whole origin.
AFTER_STATE: At 1956–1970s CE, United States covert support trains and supplies some Tibetan resistance actors, adding an external military dependency without explaining the resistance’s whole origin.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1956–1970s CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_COVERT; entity=CIA support enters resistance and exile networks; evidence=Declassified records and participant histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000221 | RECORD: TBT.000221
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: A Tibetan volunteer resistance formation consolidates armed opposition with strong eastern Tibetan participation.
AFTER_STATE: At 1958 CE, A Tibetan volunteer resistance formation consolidates armed opposition with strong eastern Tibetan participation.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1958 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_MILITARY; entity=Chushi Gangdruk force organises; evidence=Participant accounts and modern histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000222 | RECORD: TBT.000222
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Mass mobilisation, political fear and armed confrontation surround the Norbulingka and Lhasa; triggers and planned agency remain contested.
AFTER_STATE: At 10–17 March 1959 CE, Mass mobilisation, political fear and armed confrontation surround the Norbulingka and Lhasa; triggers and planned agency remain contested.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 10–17 March 1959 CE; boundary=URBAN_CONFLICT; entity=Lhasa uprising; evidence=PRC accounts, Tibetan testimony, foreign reporting and scholarship.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000223 | RECORD: TBT.000223
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: The Fourteenth Dalai Lama and accompanying officials cross the Himalaya and receive asylum in India, moving religious-political functions into exile.
AFTER_STATE: At 17–31 March 1959 CE, The Fourteenth Dalai Lama and accompanying officials cross the Himalaya and receive asylum in India, moving religious-political functions into exile.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 17–31 March 1959 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_FLIGHT; entity=Dalai Lama flees to India; evidence=Indian, Tibetan, Chinese and international records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000224 | RECORD: TBT.000224
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: PRC authorities dissolve the traditional Tibetan government and accelerate direct party-state administration and reform.
AFTER_STATE: At March 1959 CE, PRC authorities dissolve the traditional Tibetan government and accelerate direct party-state administration and reform.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for March 1959 CE; boundary=LEGAL_COERCIVE; entity=Ganden Phodrang government abolished in Tibet; evidence=PRC orders and Tibetan/exile records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000225 | RECORD: TBT.000225
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: From India, the Dalai Lama declares the 1951 agreement invalid under coercion; the PRC rejects this interpretation.
AFTER_STATE: At 1959 CE, From India, the Dalai Lama declares the 1951 agreement invalid under coercion; the PRC rejects this interpretation.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1959 CE; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_CLAIM_CONFLICT; entity=Dalai Lama repudiates Seventeen Point Agreement; evidence=Institutional statements and agreement history.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000226 | RECORD: TBT.000226
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: PRC programmes end older estate structures and redistribute/control property while also involving coercion, struggle sessions, detention and conflict; official benefit and Receiver harm remain separate.
AFTER_STATE: At 1959–1962 CE, PRC programmes end older estate structures and redistribute/control property while also involving coercion, struggle sessions, detention and conflict; official benefit and Receiver harm remain separate.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1959–1962 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_POLICY; entity=“Democratic reform” and land redistribution; evidence=Official accounts, testimony and scholarship.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000227 | RECORD: TBT.000227
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: The General Assembly calls for respect for fundamental human rights and Tibetan cultural and religious life; it is a resolution, not a sovereignty adjudication.
AFTER_STATE: At 21 October 1959 CE, The General Assembly calls for respect for fundamental human rights and Tibetan cultural and religious life; it is a resolution, not a sovereignty adjudication.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 21 October 1959 CE; boundary=INTERNATIONAL_LEGAL_TEXT; entity=UN General Assembly Resolution 1353; evidence=UN resolution text.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000228 | RECORD: TBT.000228
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Collectivisation, procurement, ecological stress, disrupted herding and repression contribute to severe hunger and mortality with uneven measurement.
AFTER_STATE: At 1959–1962 CE, Collectivisation, procurement, ecological stress, disrupted herding and repression contribute to severe hunger and mortality with uneven measurement.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1959–1962 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_HUMAN_CRISIS; entity=Great Leap famine across Tibetan regions; evidence=Demography, local histories, petition evidence and testimony.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000229 | RECORD: TBT.000229
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: A further UN resolution addresses self-determination and rights claims; its legal and political effects remain those of a General Assembly resolution.
AFTER_STATE: At 20 December 1961 CE, A further UN resolution addresses self-determination and rights claims; its legal and political effects remain those of a General Assembly resolution.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 20 December 1961 CE; boundary=INTERNATIONAL_LEGAL_TEXT; entity=UN General Assembly Resolution 1667; evidence=UN resolution text.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000230 | RECORD: TBT.000230
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: The Panchen Lama submits an extensive critique of famine, repression and religious destruction to PRC leadership.
AFTER_STATE: At 1962 CE, The Panchen Lama submits an extensive critique of famine, repression and religious destruction to PRC leadership.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1962 CE; boundary=PRIMARY_DOCUMENT; entity=Tenth Panchen Lama petition; evidence=Petition text, translation and contextual scholarship.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000231 | RECORD: TBT.000231
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Tibetan refugees establish settlements, schools, monasteries, archives and representative institutions in India and elsewhere.
AFTER_STATE: At 1960s CE onward, Tibetan refugees establish settlements, schools, monasteries, archives and representative institutions in India and elsewhere.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1960s CE onward; boundary=DIASPORA_NETWORK; entity=Exile institutions reproduce capability; evidence=Host-state, exile-institution and community records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000232 | RECORD: TBT.000232
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: The PRC formally creates the TAR as a provincial-level autonomous region; it is not identical to all Tibetan areas or cultural Tibet.
AFTER_STATE: At 9 September 1965 CE, The PRC formally creates the TAR as a provincial-level autonomous region; it is not identical to all Tibetan areas or cultural Tibet.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 9 September 1965 CE; boundary=LEGAL_HOST; entity=Tibet Autonomous Region established; evidence=PRC legal and administrative records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000233 | RECORD: TBT.000233
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: A third General Assembly resolution addresses continuing rights concerns; no later UNGA Tibet resolution supersedes it at the freeze.
AFTER_STATE: At 18 December 1965 CE, A third General Assembly resolution addresses continuing rights concerns; no later UNGA Tibet resolution supersedes it at the freeze.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 18 December 1965 CE; boundary=INTERNATIONAL_LEGAL_TEXT; entity=UN General Assembly Resolution 2079; evidence=UN resolution text.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000234 | RECORD: TBT.000234
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Monasteries, images, texts and ritual life are attacked across Tibetan regions while people face political persecution, factional violence and labour coercion.
AFTER_STATE: At 1966–1976 CE, Monasteries, images, texts and ritual life are attacked across Tibetan regions while people face political persecution, factional violence and labour coercion.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1966–1976 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_DESTRUCTION; entity=Cultural Revolution destruction field; evidence=Site evidence, official history, testimony and scholarship.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000235 | RECORD: TBT.000235
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Collective production and state procurement transform farming and pastoral systems, with local variation in welfare, coercion and ecological effect.
AFTER_STATE: At 1960s–1970s CE, Collective production and state procurement transform farming and pastoral systems, with local variation in welfare, coercion and ecological effect.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1960s–1970s CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_POLICY; entity=Communes reorganise livelihood; evidence=Official records, local histories and testimony.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000236 | RECORD: TBT.000236
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Household production, markets and mobility partially recover while state administration remains dominant.
AFTER_STATE: At late 1970s–1980s CE, Household production, markets and mobility partially recover while state administration remains dominant.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for late 1970s–1980s CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_POLICY; entity=Reform and decollectivisation; evidence=Economic data, policy records and household histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000237 | RECORD: TBT.000237
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Senior PRC leadership acknowledges serious policy failures and calls for cultural, economic and cadre reforms; later implementation proves uneven.
AFTER_STATE: At 1980 CE, Senior PRC leadership acknowledges serious policy failures and calls for cultural, economic and cadre reforms; later implementation proves uneven.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1980 CE; boundary=POLICY_SIGNAL; entity=Hu Yaobang visit and reform signal; evidence=Official and scholarly political histories.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000238 | RECORD: TBT.000238
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Religious practice, printing, language work and pilgrimage revive under licensing, resource constraints and continuing state control.
AFTER_STATE: At 1980s CE, Religious practice, printing, language work and pilgrimage revive under licensing, resource constraints and continuing state control.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1980s CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_REPAIR; entity=Monasteries and cultural institutions reopen; evidence=Institutional records, fieldwork and testimony.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000239 | RECORD: TBT.000239
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: Demonstrations for independence and rights, policing, arrests and urban unrest escalate across several episodes.
AFTER_STATE: At 1987–1989 CE, Demonstrations for independence and rights, policing, arrests and urban unrest escalate across several episodes.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1987–1989 CE; boundary=URBAN_CONFLICT; entity=Lhasa protest cycle; evidence=Witnesses, rights reports, official accounts and scholarship.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000240 | RECORD: TBT.000240
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: The Dalai Lama advances autonomy rather than full independence as a negotiation framework; acceptance, territorial scope and constitutional fit remain contested.
AFTER_STATE: At 1988 CE, The Dalai Lama advances autonomy rather than full independence as a negotiation framework; acceptance, territorial scope and constitutional fit remain contested.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1988 CE; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_PROPOSAL; entity=Strasbourg proposal and Middle Way framework; evidence=Dalai institution and diplomatic records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000241 | RECORD: TBT.000241
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: PRC authorities impose martial law after protest and unrest, expanding coercive control and information restriction.
AFTER_STATE: At 1989 CE, PRC authorities impose martial law after protest and unrest, expanding coercive control and information restriction.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1989 CE; boundary=LEGAL_COERCIVE; entity=Martial law imposed in Lhasa; evidence=Official notices, reporting and testimony.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000242 | RECORD: TBT.000242
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: The Panchen Lama’s death activates a high-stakes recognition process within competing religious and state-control systems.
AFTER_STATE: At 1989 CE, The Panchen Lama’s death activates a high-stakes recognition process within competing religious and state-control systems.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1989 CE; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_SUCCESSION; entity=Tenth Panchen Lama dies; evidence=Public and institutional records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000243 | RECORD: TBT.000243
BEFORE_STATE: The Lhasa government and eastern Tibetan jurisdictions faced a newly consolidated PRC and unresolved sovereignty claims.
TRANSFORMATION: International recognition increases the exile institution’s global information reach without settling Tibet’s legal status.
AFTER_STATE: At 1989 CE, International recognition increases the exile institution’s global information reach without settling Tibet’s legal status.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: State capacity, redistribution and mass institutions expand under coercive integration, while death, displacement, cultural loss, resistance and competing legitimacy claims persist.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1989 CE; boundary=GLOBAL_INSTITUTIONAL; entity=Dalai Lama receives Nobel Peace Prize; evidence=Nobel and institutional records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000244 | RECORD: TBT.000244
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: The exile polity adopts a charter and develops elected institutions, shifting political function away from exclusive clerical-personal rule.
AFTER_STATE: At 1991 CE, The exile polity adopts a charter and develops elected institutions, shifting political function away from exclusive clerical-personal rule.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1991 CE; boundary=DIASPORA_INSTITUTION; entity=CTA charter and democratic transition; evidence=CTA parliamentary and legal records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000245 | RECORD: TBT.000245
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: The Dalai Lama recognises Gedhun Choekyi Nyima; PRC authorities reject the process and remove the child from public access.
AFTER_STATE: At 1995 CE, The Dalai Lama recognises Gedhun Choekyi Nyima; PRC authorities reject the process and remove the child from public access.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1995 CE; boundary=CONTESTED_SUCCESSION; entity=Dalai-recognised Panchen child; evidence=Institutional announcements and rights reporting.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000246 | RECORD: TBT.000246
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: A state-controlled Golden Urn process recognises Gyaincain Norbu; ritual procedure, state approval and community legitimacy remain separate.
AFTER_STATE: At 1995 CE, A state-controlled Golden Urn process recognises Gyaincain Norbu; ritual procedure, state approval and community legitimacy remain separate.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1995 CE; boundary=CONTESTED_SUCCESSION; entity=PRC-recognised Panchen Lama installed; evidence=PRC records and independent scholarship.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000247 | RECORD: TBT.000247
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Ogyen Trinley Dorje travels to India, moving a major lineage’s personal and institutional centre while rival recognition questions remain.
AFTER_STATE: At 1999–2000 CE, Ogyen Trinley Dorje travels to India, moving a major lineage’s personal and institutional centre while rival recognition questions remain.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1999–2000 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_FLIGHT; entity=Seventeenth Karmapa leaves Tibet; evidence=Institutional, Indian and international records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000248 | RECORD: TBT.000248
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Large state investment expands roads, urban construction, extraction, services and migration interfaces; gains and distributional costs require Receiver-level measurement.
AFTER_STATE: At 2000s CE, Large state investment expands roads, urban construction, extraction, services and migration interfaces; gains and distributional costs require Receiver-level measurement.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2000s CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_POLICY; entity=Western Development accelerates infrastructure; evidence=Official statistics and independent development analysis.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000249 | RECORD: TBT.000249
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Envoys of the Dalai Lama and PRC officials conduct talks that do not produce a settlement and later lapse.
AFTER_STATE: At 2002–2010 CE, Envoys of the Dalai Lama and PRC officials conduct talks that do not produce a settlement and later lapse.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2002–2010 CE; boundary=TRANSREGIONAL_NEGOTIATION; entity=Sino-Tibetan dialogue rounds; evidence=Institutional statements and diplomatic reporting.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000250 | RECORD: TBT.000250
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Rail connects Lhasa to the national network, lowering transport cost and scaling tourism, goods, migration and military logistics.
AFTER_STATE: At 1 July 2006 CE, Rail connects Lhasa to the national network, lowering transport cost and scaling tourism, goods, migration and military logistics.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1 July 2006 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_INFRASTRUCTURE; entity=Qinghai–Tibet Railway opens to Lhasa; evidence=Official opening records and economic analysis.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000251 | RECORD: TBT.000251
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: PRC regulation formalises state approval claims over reincarnation processes, placing religious recognition inside an administrative permission system.
AFTER_STATE: At 2007 CE, PRC regulation formalises state approval claims over reincarnation processes, placing religious recognition inside an administrative permission system.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2007 CE; boundary=LEGAL_INSTITUTION; entity=State Administration Order No. 5; evidence=Regulatory text and institutional analysis.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000252 | RECORD: TBT.000252
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Monastic demonstrations, wider protests, riots, policing, detention and information restriction unfold differently across TAR and Tibetan areas in other provinces.
AFTER_STATE: At March 2008 CE, Monastic demonstrations, wider protests, riots, policing, detention and information restriction unfold differently across TAR and Tibetan areas in other provinces.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for March 2008 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_CONFLICT; entity=Protests spread across Tibetan regions; evidence=Official reports, testimony, rights documentation and media with access limits.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000253 | RECORD: TBT.000253
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Individuals self-immolate in a constrained information environment; personal motive, protest context and institutional interpretation are kept case-specific.
AFTER_STATE: At 2009–2022 CE, Individuals self-immolate in a constrained information environment; personal motive, protest context and institutional interpretation are kept case-specific.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2009–2022 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_PERSON_CASES; entity=Self-immolation protest cases; evidence=Case documentation, family/community reports, official statements and rights sources.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000254 | RECORD: TBT.000254
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Cameras, checkpoints, identity systems, phone monitoring and data-intensive policing increase state sensing while restricting private correction and dissent.
AFTER_STATE: At 2010s–2026 CE, Cameras, checkpoints, identity systems, phone monitoring and data-intensive policing increase state sensing while restricting private correction and dissent.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2010s–2026 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_CONTROL; entity=Digital surveillance and grid management expand; evidence=Legal, technical, testimonial and rights evidence with access limits.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000255 | RECORD: TBT.000255
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Ecological policy, settlement construction and employment programmes move households and livelihoods; welfare, consent, culture and grassland outcomes vary.
AFTER_STATE: At 2010s–2026 CE, Ecological policy, settlement construction and employment programmes move households and livelihoods; welfare, consent, culture and grassland outcomes vary.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2010s–2026 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_POLICY; entity=Pastoral resettlement and labour transfer; evidence=Official statistics, household research and UN/rights concerns.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000256 | RECORD: TBT.000256
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: The Fourteenth Dalai Lama ends his formal role in the elected exile administration, separating religious succession from CTA executive office.
AFTER_STATE: At 2011 CE, The Fourteenth Dalai Lama ends his formal role in the elected exile administration, separating religious succession from CTA executive office.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2011 CE; boundary=DIASPORA_INSTITUTION; entity=Dalai Lama devolves formal political authority; evidence=CTA constitutional and election records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000257 | RECORD: TBT.000257
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Sikyong elections and parliament reproduce exile political functions across a transnational community, without universal sovereign recognition.
AFTER_STATE: At 2011 CE onward, Sikyong elections and parliament reproduce exile political functions across a transnational community, without universal sovereign recognition.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2011 CE onward; boundary=DIASPORA_INSTITUTION; entity=CTA elected executive continues; evidence=CTA and host-state records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000258 | RECORD: TBT.000258
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Rail extends west from Lhasa, increasing passenger, freight, tourism and strategic capacity.
AFTER_STATE: At 2014 CE, Rail extends west from Lhasa, increasing passenger, freight, tourism and strategic capacity.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2014 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_INFRASTRUCTURE; entity=Lhasa–Shigatse Railway opens; evidence=Official rail records.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000259 | RECORD: TBT.000259
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: State investment and visitor flows transform Lhasa and regional towns; income, housing, heritage, language and seasonal employment effects remain unequal.
AFTER_STATE: At 2010s–2020s CE, State investment and visitor flows transform Lhasa and regional towns; income, housing, heritage, language and seasonal employment effects remain unequal.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2010s–2020s CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_URBAN; entity=Urbanisation and tourism scale; evidence=Official data, urban studies and lived testimony.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000260 | RECORD: TBT.000260
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Official sources report major poverty reduction and service expansion; household autonomy, income durability, cultural cost and independent verification remain separate.
AFTER_STATE: At 2010s–2020s CE, Official sources report major poverty reduction and service expansion; household autonomy, income durability, cultural cost and independent verification remain separate.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2010s–2020s CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_POLICY; entity=Poverty-alleviation claims and BaseFloor tests; evidence=Official indicators and independent economic analysis.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000261 | RECORD: TBT.000261
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: School consolidation, Mandarin-dominant curricula and boarding expand state reach while Tibetan-language transmission outcomes become contested.
AFTER_STATE: At 2010s–2026 CE, School consolidation, Mandarin-dominant curricula and boarding expand state reach while Tibetan-language transmission outcomes become contested.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2010s–2026 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_EDUCATION; entity=Tibetan-medium education contracts; evidence=Policy, curriculum, school, UN-expert and rights evidence; access restricted.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000262 | RECORD: TBT.000262
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Monasteries operate under registration, patriotic education, surveillance and personnel controls while official sources report protection of normal religious activity.
AFTER_STATE: At 2010s–2026 CE, Monasteries operate under registration, patriotic education, surveillance and personnel controls while official sources report protection of normal religious activity.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2010s–2026 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_INSTITUTION; entity=Religious regulation intensifies; evidence=Law, official counts, rights reports and participant evidence.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000263 | RECORD: TBT.000263
BEFORE_STATE: Post-Mao reopening and reform left uneven institutional recovery, infrastructure gaps and unresolved political conflict.
TRANSFORMATION: Pandemic controls affect movement, pilgrimage, schools and household economies; reporting and local burden are uneven.
AFTER_STATE: At 2020 CE, Pandemic controls affect movement, pilgrimage, schools and household economies; reporting and local burden are uneven.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Connectivity and services can rise while language, religious autonomy, ecological cost, surveillance, displacement and effective appeal remain independent Receiver tests.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2020 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_HEALTH; entity=COVID-19 reaches plateau systems; evidence=Public-health reporting, official data and local evidence.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000264 | RECORD: TBT.000264
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: Electrified rail connects Lhasa with Nyingchi, scaling movement and state logistics through an environmentally and seismically sensitive corridor.
AFTER_STATE: At 25 June 2021 CE, Electrified rail connects Lhasa with Nyingchi, scaling movement and state logistics through an environmentally and seismically sensitive corridor.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 25 June 2021 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_INFRASTRUCTURE; entity=Lhasa–Nyingchi Railway opens; evidence=Official opening and network data.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000265 | RECORD: TBT.000265
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: Observed warming, glacier loss, lake expansion and permafrost degradation reorganise water and infrastructure risk across basins.
AFTER_STATE: At 2021–2026 CE, Observed warming, glacier loss, lake expansion and permafrost degradation reorganise water and infrastructure risk across basins.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2021–2026 CE; boundary=DISTRIBUTED_LIVE_SYSTEM; entity=Climate water-tower risk intensifies; evidence=IPCC assessment plus recent observation and models.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000266 | RECORD: TBT.000266
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: UN experts state that around one million Tibetan children may be separated from families in a residential-school system they fear accelerates assimilation; this is a concern, not a judgment.
AFTER_STATE: At 6 February 2023 CE, UN experts state that around one million Tibetan children may be separated from families in a residential-school system they fear accelerates assimilation; this is a concern, not a judgment.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 6 February 2023 CE; boundary=UN_EXPERT_CLAIM; entity=UN experts raise boarding-school concern; evidence=OHCHR special-procedure statement and cited information.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000267 | RECORD: TBT.000267
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: The PRC states that Tibetan boarding schools are voluntary or necessary for dispersed populations and provide language and cultural education; implementation remains independently testable.
AFTER_STATE: At 23 August 2023 CE, The PRC states that Tibetan boarding schools are voluntary or necessary for dispersed populations and provide language and cultural education; implementation remains independently testable.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 23 August 2023 CE; boundary=OFFICIAL_REPLY; entity=PRC rejects forced-assimilation claim; evidence=Official foreign-ministry/embassy response.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000268 | RECORD: TBT.000268
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: UN experts warn that vocational and labour-transfer programmes may risk coercion and cultural loss; programme variation and state responses remain separate.
AFTER_STATE: At 27 April 2023 CE, UN experts warn that vocational and labour-transfer programmes may risk coercion and cultural loss; programme variation and state responses remain separate.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 27 April 2023 CE; boundary=UN_EXPERT_CLAIM; entity=UN experts raise labour-transfer concern; evidence=OHCHR special-procedure statement.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000269 | RECORD: TBT.000269
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: The State Council publishes its official account of development, rights, religion, ecology and governance under the name Xizang; official reporting is not independent outcome proof.
AFTER_STATE: At November 2023 CE, The State Council publishes its official account of development, rights, religion, ecology and governance under the name Xizang; official reporting is not independent outcome proof.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for November 2023 CE; boundary=OFFICIAL_POSITION; entity=PRC governance white paper; evidence=State Council Information Office white paper.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000270 | RECORD: TBT.000270
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: The PRC approves a very large hydropower project on the lower Yarlung Tsangpo; approval precedes disclosed construction and operating outcomes.
AFTER_STATE: At December 2024 CE, The PRC approves a very large hydropower project on the lower Yarlung Tsangpo; approval precedes disclosed construction and operating outcomes.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for December 2024 CE; boundary=TRANSBOUNDARY_PROJECT; entity=Lower Yarlung hydropower approved; evidence=Official approval reporting and later construction announcement.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000271 | RECORD: TBT.000271
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: A shallow magnitude 7.1 earthquake strikes the southern plateau near Tingri, causing building collapse, deaths, displacement and infrastructure damage.
AFTER_STATE: At 7 January 2025 CE, A shallow magnitude 7.1 earthquake strikes the southern plateau near Tingri, causing building collapse, deaths, displacement and infrastructure damage.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 7 January 2025 CE; boundary=BOUNDED_HAZARD_REGION; entity=Tingri earthquake; evidence=USGS measurement and official/local impact reports.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000272 | RECORD: TBT.000272
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: Shelter, rebuilding, heritage repair and relocation proceed under official programmes; household outcomes and full casualty audit remain access-limited.
AFTER_STATE: At January 2025–July 2026 CE, Shelter, rebuilding, heritage repair and relocation proceed under official programmes; household outcomes and full casualty audit remain access-limited.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for January 2025–July 2026 CE; boundary=REGIONAL_REPAIR; entity=Tingri recovery and reconstruction; evidence=Official reconstruction reporting and constrained external observation.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000273 | RECORD: TBT.000273
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: The State Council publishes state-reported improvements in subsistence, education, health, culture and rights; claim, denominator and independent Receiver outcome remain separated.
AFTER_STATE: At 28 March 2025 CE, The State Council publishes state-reported improvements in subsistence, education, health, culture and rights; claim, denominator and independent Receiver outcome remain separated.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 28 March 2025 CE; boundary=OFFICIAL_POSITION; entity=PRC human-rights white paper; evidence=Official white paper.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000274 | RECORD: TBT.000274
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: The Fourteenth Dalai Lama affirms continuation of the institution and says the Gaden Phodrang Trust alone has authority to recognise a future reincarnation.
AFTER_STATE: At 2 July 2025 CE, The Fourteenth Dalai Lama affirms continuation of the institution and says the Gaden Phodrang Trust alone has authority to recognise a future reincarnation.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 2 July 2025 CE; boundary=INSTITUTIONAL_POSITION; entity=Dalai Lama succession statement; evidence=Primary institutional statement.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000275 | RECORD: TBT.000275
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: PRC representatives state that recognition of a future Dalai Lama must follow historical conventions, including central-government approval.
AFTER_STATE: At 3 July 2025 CE, PRC representatives state that recognition of a future Dalai Lama must follow historical conventions, including central-government approval.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 3 July 2025 CE; boundary=OFFICIAL_POSITION; entity=PRC succession response; evidence=Official spokesperson statement.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000276 | RECORD: TBT.000276
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: China’s premier announces construction of five cascade hydropower stations with very large projected investment; ecology and downstream concerns remain unresolved.
AFTER_STATE: At 19 July 2025 CE, China’s premier announces construction of five cascade hydropower stations with very large projected investment; ecology and downstream concerns remain unresolved.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 19 July 2025 CE; boundary=TRANSBOUNDARY_PROJECT; entity=Yarlung project construction announced; evidence=Official announcement plus source-labelled downstream reporting.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000277 | RECORD: TBT.000277
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: UN experts raise allegations concerning forced labour affecting Uyghur, Tibetan and other minorities; allegation, individual case and adjudication remain distinct.
AFTER_STATE: At 22 January 2026 CE, UN experts raise allegations concerning forced labour affecting Uyghur, Tibetan and other minorities; allegation, individual case and adjudication remain distinct.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 22 January 2026 CE; boundary=UN_EXPERT_CLAIM; entity=UN experts report forced-labour concerns; evidence=OHCHR special-procedure statement.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000278 | RECORD: TBT.000278
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: China’s national legislature adopts a law promoting ethnic unity and development; the enacted text and official purpose precede implementation outcomes.
AFTER_STATE: At 12 March 2026 CE, China’s national legislature adopts a law promoting ethnic unity and development; the enacted text and official purpose precede implementation outcomes.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 12 March 2026 CE; boundary=LEGAL_HOST; entity=Ethnic Unity and Progress Law adopted; evidence=Official adoption report and statutory description.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000279 | RECORD: TBT.000279
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: UN Special Procedures communicate concerns about linguistic, cultural, religious, expression and transnational-repression risks; this is a legal concern, not a court ruling.
AFTER_STATE: At 16 April 2026 CE, UN Special Procedures communicate concerns about linguistic, cultural, religious, expression and transnational-repression risks; this is a legal concern, not a court ruling.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 16 April 2026 CE; boundary=UN_EXPERT_LEGAL_CLAIM; entity=UN experts question 2026 ethnic-unity law; evidence=Published UN communication.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000280 | RECORD: TBT.000280
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: The 2026 law commences nationally; regulations, cases, enforcement and actual effects are not yet mature at the freeze.
AFTER_STATE: At 1 July 2026 CE, The 2026 law commences nationally; regulations, cases, enforcement and actual effects are not yet mature at the freeze.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 1 July 2026 CE; boundary=LEGAL_HOST; entity=Ethnic Unity and Progress Law takes effect; evidence=Official commencement report.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000281 | RECORD: TBT.000281
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: The Dalai Lama remains alive and publicly active at age ninety-one; no succession event has occurred.
AFTER_STATE: At 6 July 2026 CE, The Dalai Lama remains alive and publicly active at age ninety-one; no succession event has occurred.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 6 July 2026 CE; boundary=PERSON_LIVE_STATE; entity=Fourteenth Dalai Lama turns ninety-one; evidence=Primary institutional current record.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000282 | RECORD: TBT.000282
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: A senior Chinese leader calls for stability, implementation of the new law and alignment of Tibetan Buddhism with party-state priorities; directive and lived implementation remain distinct.
AFTER_STATE: At 22 July 2026 CE, A senior Chinese leader calls for stability, implementation of the new law and alignment of Tibetan Buddhism with party-state priorities; directive and lived implementation remain distinct.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 22 July 2026 CE; boundary=OFFICIAL_VISIT; entity=Wang Huning concludes Tibet visit; evidence=Dated current reporting.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000283 | RECORD: TBT.000283
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: The official Dalai Lama site publishes current imagery and activity, verifying the officeholder’s living state close to the freeze.
AFTER_STATE: At 27 July 2026 CE, The official Dalai Lama site publishes current imagery and activity, verifying the officeholder’s living state close to the freeze.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 27 July 2026 CE; boundary=PRIMARY_LIVE_SENSOR; entity=Dalai institution current-state receipt; evidence=Primary institutional website with dated media.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

TBT.X000284 | RECORD: TBT.000284
BEFORE_STATE: The relevant current claim, law, project, hazard or institutional state had not yet reached the stated evidence rung.
TRANSFORMATION: Tibet chronology state is frozen; every office, law, project, hazard, rights claim and institutional condition expires at this coordinate.
AFTER_STATE: At 29 July 2026 21:27:34 +08:00, Tibet chronology state is frozen; every office, law, project, hazard, rights claim and institutional condition expires at this coordinate.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: Every live claim expires at the freeze and requires disaggregated access, rights, ecological, implementation and repair verification.
LAW_SCOPE: Valid only for 29 July 2026 21:27:34 +08:00; boundary=EXACT_FREEZE; entity=Object-26 freeze; evidence=Versioned retrieval, source graph and release manifest.; host identities remain non-identical.
FALSIFIER: Contradictory higher-rung evidence, failed dating/provenance, a boundary mismatch, or proof that the stated function did not operate would revise or retire this claim.

========================================================================================
09 | WORLD CROSS-SECTIONS

CROSS_SECTION_COUNT: 20
CROSS_SECTION_RULE:
Shared clock positions comparison. They do not create transmission, influence
or common sovereignty without a separate evidence edge.

XS01 | TIME: c.160 ka | WORLD_BAND: W010
TIBET: Baishiya Denisovan evidence
CHINA: no China polity coordinate
INDIA: South Asian hominin systems distinct
CENTRAL_ASIA: Inner Asian ecological corridors
MONGOLIA: not applicable as later polity
NON_COLLAPSE: taxonomic evidence cannot create modern ancestry or title

XS02 | TIME: c.40–30 ka | WORLD_BAND: W013
TIBET: Nwya Devu high-altitude use
CHINA: late Pleistocene East Asian populations
INDIA: Himalayan/South Asian mobility fields
CENTRAL_ASIA: microblade and steppe corridors
MONGOLIA: not a later Mongol identity
NON_COLLAPSE: simultaneity does not prove contact

XS03 | TIME: c.1600 BCE / 3600 BP | WORLD_BAND: W023
TIBET: high-elevation agro-pastoral threshold
CHINA: millet and eastern crop routes
INDIA: barley/wheat and Himalayan routes
CENTRAL_ASIA: Inner Asian herds and crops
MONGOLIA: pre-Mongol pastoral systems
NON_COLLAPSE: crop and herd transmission require direct edges

XS04 | TIME: 641 CE | WORLD_BAND: W035
TIBET: Songtsen Gampo; Wencheng alliance
CHINA: Tang court and frontier rivalry
INDIA: Indian Buddhist knowledge routes
CENTRAL_ASIA: Tarim corridors contested
MONGOLIA: pre-imperial Mongol polities
NON_COLLAPSE: marriage does not integrate sovereign identities

XS05 | TIME: 763 CE | WORLD_BAND: W035
TIBET: brief occupation of Chang’an
CHINA: Tang weakened by An Lushan crisis
INDIA: Buddhist knowledge routes continue
CENTRAL_ASIA: Hexi/Tarim frontier competition
MONGOLIA: steppe actors remain independent
NON_COLLAPSE: raid/occupation != enduring rule

XS06 | TIME: 821–822 CE | WORLD_BAND: W036
TIBET: treaty pillar and late empire
CHINA: Tang treaty host
INDIA: translation institutions active
CENTRAL_ASIA: Central Asian administration graded
MONGOLIA: no generic priest–patron solvent
NON_COLLAPSE: treaty term != timeless title

XS07 | TIME: 1042 CE | WORLD_BAND: W037
TIBET: Atiśa and later diffusion
CHINA: Song-era contacts indirect
INDIA: Bengal–Himalaya teacher route
CENTRAL_ASIA: post-imperial oasis worlds
MONGOLIA: regional Mongol systems
NON_COLLAPSE: religious transmission != political subordination

XS08 | TIME: 1247 CE | WORLD_BAND: W038
TIBET: Sakya Paṇḍita–Köden settlement
CHINA: Southern Song and emerging Yuan context
INDIA: Indian Buddhist centres declining/reconfigured
CENTRAL_ASIA: Mongol imperial expansion across Central Asia
MONGOLIA: Mongol command and patronage active
NON_COLLAPSE: negotiation occurs under coercive asymmetry

XS09 | TIME: 1260s CE | WORLD_BAND: W038
TIBET: Sakya–Yuan layered administration
CHINA: Yuan imperial court
INDIA: South Asian textual inheritance continues
CENTRAL_ASIA: imperial postal and trade networks
MONGOLIA: Qubilai/steppe imperial host
NON_COLLAPSE: religious office != total local administration

XS10 | TIME: 1409 CE | WORLD_BAND: W040
TIBET: Ganden founded; regional hegemony
CHINA: Ming titles and exchanges
INDIA: pilgrimage and textual routes
CENTRAL_ASIA: post-Yuan Inner Asia
MONGOLIA: Mongol Buddhist links persist
NON_COLLAPSE: title/tribute != uniform control

XS11 | TIME: 1578 CE | WORLD_BAND: W041
TIBET: Sonam Gyatso–Altan Khan encounter
CHINA: late Ming frontier context
INDIA: Himalayan and Indian pilgrimage
CENTRAL_ASIA: Inner Asian competition
MONGOLIA: Tümed Mongol patronage
NON_COLLAPSE: chö-yön must be functionally decomposed

XS12 | TIME: 1642 CE | WORLD_BAND: W042
TIBET: Ganden Phodrang under Khoshut force
CHINA: Qing rising in Inner Asia
INDIA: Mughal/Himalayan interfaces
CENTRAL_ASIA: steppe military competition
MONGOLIA: Güshi Khan’s armed agency
NON_COLLAPSE: religious legitimacy != military force

XS13 | TIME: 1720 CE | WORLD_BAND: W043
TIBET: Qing-led expulsion of Dzungars
CHINA: Qing imperial intervention
INDIA: Himalayan trade persists
CENTRAL_ASIA: Dzungar/Qing struggle
MONGOLIA: Khoshut and Dzungar actors
NON_COLLAPSE: imperial intervention != one unchanging control form

XS14 | TIME: 1793 CE | WORLD_BAND: W044
TIBET: Twenty-Nine Articles and Golden Urn
CHINA: Qing high-imperial regulation
INDIA: Gorkha war aftermath
CENTRAL_ASIA: Inner Asian succession politics
MONGOLIA: Mongol reincarnation networks
NON_COLLAPSE: rule text != uniform application

XS15 | TIME: 1904 CE | WORLD_BAND: W048
TIBET: British Indian invasion and coerced convention
CHINA: late Qing claims and weak enforcement
INDIA: British India military host
CENTRAL_ASIA: Russian strategic pressure
MONGOLIA: Mongolia under Qing
NON_COLLAPSE: signature under occupation != free consent

XS16 | TIME: 1914 CE | WORLD_BAND: W049
TIBET: Lhasa de facto government; Simla
CHINA: Republic of China rejects ratification
INDIA: British India map and treaty system
CENTRAL_ASIA: Russian/Central Asian change
MONGOLIA: Mongolian independence claims
NON_COLLAPSE: operation != universally recognised de jure status

XS17 | TIME: 1951 CE | WORLD_BAND: W054
TIBET: Seventeen Point Agreement and PLA entry
CHINA: PRC party-state integration
INDIA: India becomes asylum/diplomatic neighbour
CENTRAL_ASIA: Cold War Central Asia
MONGOLIA: MPR–PRC socialist interface
NON_COLLAPSE: text secure; consent and implementation disputed

XS18 | TIME: 1959 CE | WORLD_BAND: W054
TIBET: uprising, flight and direct PRC rule
CHINA: PRC reform and coercion
INDIA: India hosts Dalai Lama and refugees
CENTRAL_ASIA: Cold War covert routes
MONGOLIA: Mongolian Buddhism under socialism
NON_COLLAPSE: official, exile, testimony and UN states remain distinct

XS19 | TIME: 2008 CE | WORLD_BAND: W059
TIBET: multi-local protest field
CHINA: PRC Olympic-year security system
INDIA: India/diaspora information networks
CENTRAL_ASIA: global media routes
MONGOLIA: reviving Mongol Buddhist ties
NON_COLLAPSE: protest, riot, policing and arrest require case separation

XS20 | TIME: 29 July 2026 | WORLD_BAND: W068 child
TIBET: TAR/other Tibetan areas, live succession and rights disputes
CHINA: PRC law, infrastructure and party control
INDIA: Dalai/CTA and Himalayan interfaces
CENTRAL_ASIA: climate and connectivity corridors
MONGOLIA: religious relations without sovereignty transfer
NON_COLLAPSE: freeze ends every live claim

========================================================================================
10 | CIVILISATION CAT SCAN — 18 DIMENSIONS EXECUTED

CAT_SCAN_COUNT: 18
EXECUTION_RULE:
A dimension is not a score. It is an inspected dependency and Receiver
surface with a named failure mode.

CAT01 | DIMENSION: BASEFLOOR
EXECUTED_FINDING: Altitude, cold, hypoxia, UV, seismicity, water and route seasonality are hard constraints; services modify but do not repeal them.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Sky and Receiver
FAILURE_REJECTED: single plateau average

CAT02 | DIMENSION: DEMOGRAPHY
EXECUTED_FINDING: Repeated mobility and mixture coexist with sampling gaps; TAR totals do not equal all Tibetan populations.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Receiver and Nobody
FAILURE_REJECTED: ancestry/ethnicity/state collapse

CAT03 | DIMENSION: FOOD
EXECUTED_FINDING: Foraging, millet, barley, wheat, yak, sheep, goats and dairy create resilient combinations with winter and fodder debt.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Floor and Engineer
FAILURE_REJECTED: crop presence treated as full food security

CAT04 | DIMENSION: SETTLEMENT
EXECUTED_FINDING: Cave use, seasonal mobility, village residence, monastery town and modern urbanisation have different permanence tests.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Body and Sensor
FAILURE_REJECTED: occupation equals permanent settlement

CAT05 | DIMENSION: MATERIAL_TECHNOLOGY
EXECUTED_FINDING: Lithics, metallurgy, paper, printing, architecture, rail and hydropower depend on supply, maintenance and skilled labour.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Engineer and Nobody
FAILURE_REJECTED: artefact equals operating system

CAT06 | DIMENSION: ENERGY
EXECUTED_FINDING: Metabolism, dung/biomass, animal traction, fossil supply, grid power and hydropower shift the scale and returned ecological cost.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Floor and Flow
FAILURE_REJECTED: installed capacity equals equitable access

CAT07 | DIMENSION: TRANSPORT
EXECUTED_FINDING: Passes, caravans, imperial roads, motor roads, rail and aviation widen reach while amplifying military, market and migration asymmetries.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Flow and Strategist
FAILURE_REJECTED: reachable equals interacted

CAT08 | DIMENSION: INFORMATION
EXECUTED_FINDING: Oral memory, script, treaties, translation, canon, print and digital networks increase custody and contest over correction.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Memory and Sensor
FAILURE_REJECTED: text equals event

CAT09 | DIMENSION: EDUCATION
EXECUTED_FINDING: Monastic debate, apprenticeships, state schools, exile schools and boarding systems reproduce different knowledge and language outcomes.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Receiver and Repair
FAILURE_REJECTED: enrolment equals comprehension or language survival

CAT10 | DIMENSION: RELIGION
EXECUTED_FINDING: Bon and multiple Buddhist schools operate through teachers, texts, ritual, estates, patronage and regulation; none equals the whole polity.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Memory and Control
FAILURE_REJECTED: religion equals sovereignty

CAT11 | DIMENSION: GOVERNANCE_LAW
EXECUTED_FINDING: Royal, imperial, monastic, estate, treaty, Qing, Lhasa, PRC and exile systems use non-identical jurisdictions.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Control and Receiver
FAILURE_REJECTED: title or statute equals effective, legitimate control

CAT12 | DIMENSION: MILITARY
EXECUTED_FINDING: Horse armies, garrisons, Mongol force, British firepower, PLA logistics and policing reveal coercive dependencies beneath institutional narratives.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: General and Nobody
FAILURE_REJECTED: victory equals durable rule

CAT13 | DIMENSION: ECONOMY
EXECUTED_FINDING: Pastoral production, estates, trade, tribute, fiscal transfer, tourism and infrastructure distribute benefits and stopping debt unevenly.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Flow and Receiver
FAILURE_REJECTED: aggregate growth equals household security

CAT14 | DIMENSION: HEALTH
EXECUTED_FINDING: Adaptation, nutrition, Tibetan medicine, public health and disaster care vary by access, trust, remoteness and evidence quality.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Body and Receiver
FAILURE_REJECTED: facility or doctrine equals outcome

CAT15 | DIMENSION: ECOLOGY
EXECUTED_FINDING: Grasslands, wildlife, glaciers, lakes, permafrost and rivers are active agents affected by grazing, warming, conservation and construction.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Sky and Floor
FAILURE_REJECTED: environment as passive background

CAT16 | DIMENSION: EXTERNAL_INTERFACES
EXECUTED_FINDING: China, India, Central Asia, Mongolia and Himalayan societies exchange war, law, teachers, texts, persons, capital and ecological effects.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Edge and Strategist
FAILURE_REJECTED: contact equals ownership

CAT17 | DIMENSION: INEQUALITY_RECEIVER
EXECUTED_FINDING: Tenant, herder, monk, woman, child, prisoner, refugee, migrant, downstream community and damaged ecology can receive different outcomes from one policy.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Receiver and Nobody
FAILURE_REJECTED: elite archive equals universal experience

CAT18 | DIMENSION: REPAIR_FUTURE
EXECUTED_FINDING: Climate adaptation, language reproduction, rights-respecting succession, disaster repair and institutional appeal determine whether capability becomes self-correcting.
PRIMARY_OBSERVERS: Repair and Sky
FAILURE_REJECTED: announcement equals verified repair

========================================================================================
11 | CONTROL-TOWER ORGANS AND OBSERVER POSITIONS

EIGHT_ORGANS:
FLOOR
READS: geology, altitude, water, cryosphere, ecology, food and minimum survivability
CONTROL: rejects any capability detached from substrate cost

BODY
READS: population, household, health, nutrition, settlement and lived exposure
CONTROL: asks who can physically live, move and recover

FLOW
READS: matter, energy, persons, capital, information and functions
CONTROL: preserves typed transfers and returned cost

MEMORY
READS: oral history, script, archive, canon, monument, testimony and digital custody
CONTROL: separates event time from evidence and custody time

SENSOR
READS: dating, excavation, seismology, climate instruments, law, statistics and testimony
CONTROL: labels access, precision and publication limits

CONTROL
READS: court, army, monastery, estate, treaty, party-state, law and exile institution
CONTROL: decomposes claim, command, enforcement, appeal and legitimacy

REPAIR
READS: reopening, disaster recovery, language reproduction, rights remedy and ecological adaptation
CONTROL: requires Receiver verification and reverse tracing

EDGE
READS: China, India, Central Asia, Mongolia, Himalaya, diaspora and downstream basins
CONTROL: types contact without annexing neighbour clocks

SIX_OBSERVERS:
SKY
Reads altitude, hypoxia, atmosphere, monsoon, westerlies, snow, glacier, permafrost, celestial timing, water and hazard as operating conditions.

STRATEGIST
Reads corridors, thresholds, alliances, fiscal depth, institutional reproduction and long-run stopping debt.

GENERAL
Reads coercion, logistics, garrisons, weapons, command, casualty, civilian exposure and the difference between victory and control.

ENGINEER
Reads material, energy, maintenance, skill, safety, redundancy, access and ecological return for every capability.

RECEIVER
Reads what a child, household, monk, tenant, herder, refugee, worker, prisoner or downstream community can actually access and contest.

NOBODY
Restores anonymous labour, excluded people, non-elite knowledge and damaged ecologies hidden by royal, state, monastic and strategic narratives.

OBSERVER_CONFLICT_RULE:
No observer wins automatically. Strategy that fails Receiver access, General
analysis that erases civilians, engineering that externalises ecology,
memory that erases custody, or Sky analysis that invents human agency is
returned to SENSOR and REPAIR.

CONTROL_DECOMPOSITION:
CLAIM -> TITLE -> COMMAND -> RESOURCE -> ENFORCEMENT -> COMPLIANCE
-> APPEAL -> LEGITIMACY -> RECEIVER_OUTCOME.

========================================================================================
12 | CIVILISATIONAL GENOME / GENEALOGY / EXPRESSION ROUTER

ARCHITECTURE:
CIVILISATION_ATLAS = GENOME + GENEALOGY + ENVIRONMENT.
CIVILISATION_OS = EXPRESSION + OPERATION + CORRECTION.
OBSERVED_CIVILISATION =
INHERITANCE x ENVIRONMENT x EXPRESSION x INTERACTION x TIME.

METAPHOR_LIMIT:
The genome model applies to capability inheritance, mutation, recombination,
suppression, host migration and expression. It cannot encode racial essence,
inevitability, purity, ownership or political descent.

PACKET_COUNT: 16
GP01 | PACKET: HIGH_ALTITUDE_SURVIVABILITY
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: Pleistocene biological and cultural recombination
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: physiology; clothing; fire; shelter; cooperation; route knowledge
HOSTS: plateau populations and mobile communities
EXPRESSION: survival and reproduction at altitude
NON_IDENTITY: no race, destiny or title

GP02 | PACKET: AGRO_PASTORAL_PACKAGE
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: local foraging plus east/west crop and herd transmission
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: barley; wheat; millet; pasture; storage; seasonal labour
HOSTS: household and regional food systems
EXPRESSION: settlement and surplus
NON_IDENTITY: not one migrating ethnicity

GP03 | PACKET: YAK_DAIRY_SYSTEM
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: managed bovids and milk processing
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: animals; herders; microbiomes; tools; winter storage
HOSTS: pastoral households and markets
EXPRESSION: mobility, calories and textiles
NON_IDENTITY: presence != local domestication

GP04 | PACKET: SCRIPT_ADMINISTRATION
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: imperial Tibetan documentary formation
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: scribes; inscriptions; paper; orthography; archives
HOSTS: courts, garrisons, contracts and schools
EXPRESSION: legibility and memory
NON_IDENTITY: traditional inventor claim kept separate

GP05 | PACKET: TRANSLATION_ENGINE
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: Indian, Chinese, Central Asian and Tibetan knowledge interfaces
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: teachers; translators; lexica; colophons; teams
HOSTS: Samye, Guge, monasteries, publishers
EXPRESSION: portable terminology and canon
NON_IDENTITY: translation != political submission

GP06 | PACKET: IMPERIAL_CORRIDOR_CONTROL
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: Yarlung military-fiscal scaling
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: horses; army; census; grain; passes; treaties
HOSTS: graded frontier and garrison hosts
EXPRESSION: transregional reach
NON_IDENTITY: reach != modern border

GP07 | PACKET: MONASTIC_SCHOLASTIC_SYSTEM
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: post-imperial and later diffusion institutions
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: ordination; debate; estates; texts; teachers
HOSTS: multiple Buddhist and Bon schools
EXPRESSION: knowledge reproduction
NON_IDENTITY: monastery != entire society

GP08 | PACKET: REINCARNATION_SUCCESSION
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: lineage continuity across officeholder death
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: search teams; oracles; tests; recognition; enthronement
HOSTS: Dalai, Panchen and other institutions
EXPRESSION: office reproduction
NON_IDENTITY: recognition != state approval != custody != legitimacy

GP09 | PACKET: MEDICAL_KNOWLEDGE_SYSTEM
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: local observation recombined with Indian, Chinese and Inner Asian knowledge
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: texts; doctors; materia medica; schools
HOSTS: household, monastic and state clinics
EXPRESSION: diagnosis and care
NON_IDENTITY: knowledge possession != universal access

GP10 | PACKET: PATRONAGE_COMMAND_INTERFACE
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: Mongol–Tibetan and Qing–Tibetan religious politics
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: teachers; titles; capital; troops; imperial offices
HOSTS: courts, monasteries and governments
EXPRESSION: religious and political scaling
NON_IDENTITY: chö-yön cannot hide coercion

GP11 | PACKET: ESTATE_FINANCE
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: monastic, aristocratic and governmental property systems
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: land; tenancy; tax; corvée; records
HOSTS: local estates and central institutions
EXPRESSION: durable institutional support
NON_IDENTITY: period-specific rights and coercion required

GP12 | PACKET: PILGRIMAGE_NETWORK
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: sacred geography and ritual communities
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: pilgrims; routes; offerings; narratives; hospitality
HOSTS: Tibet, Himalaya, India, Mongolia and diaspora
EXPRESSION: transregional memory and economy
NON_IDENTITY: sacred reach != sovereignty

GP13 | PACKET: MODERN_BUREAUCRACY
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: treaty-era and PRC mass institutions
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: law; cadres; maps; statistics; police; fiscal transfer
HOSTS: Lhasa, PRC, TAR and prefectural hosts
EXPRESSION: large-scale administration
NON_IDENTITY: formal autonomy != observed outcome

GP14 | PACKET: LANGUAGE_EDUCATION
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: household, monastery, state and exile transmission
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: teachers; curricula; residence; media; family use
HOSTS: schools, boarding, monasteries and diaspora
EXPRESSION: intergenerational knowledge
NON_IDENTITY: enrolment != language vitality

GP15 | PACKET: RAIL_DIGITAL_NETWORK
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: industrial and planetary connectivity
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: track; power; capital; data; platforms; surveillance
HOSTS: cities, state systems and diaspora
EXPRESSION: movement and sensing
NON_IDENTITY: connectivity != freedom or equity

GP16 | PACKET: CRYOSPHERE_WATER_REPAIR
ORIGIN_OR_RECOMBINATION: active substrate under anthropogenic warming
CARRIERS_AND_DEPENDENCIES: glaciers; snow; permafrost; lakes; rivers; sensors
HOSTS: plateau and downstream basins
EXPRESSION: water storage and hazard adaptation
NON_IDENTITY: engineering plan != ecological repair

GENEALOGY_RULE:
origin -> transmission -> adaptation -> recombination -> host expression
-> suppression or fission -> repair or descendant. Horizontal transfer is
explicit; the graph is a web, not a pure family tree.

========================================================================================
13 | PRESSURE FIELD AND OUROBOROS ROUTER

PRESSURE_FIELD_COUNT: 12
PF01 | PRESSURE: HYPOXIA_COLD_UV
FORCE: limits metabolism, crops and construction
ADAPTATION: adaptation, shelter and seasonal knowledge
RETURNED_COST: health and maintenance debt
REPAIR_ROUTE: public health plus locally controlled design

PF02 | PRESSURE: SEISMIC_LANDSLIDE
FORCE: destroys settlements, roads and heritage
ADAPTATION: building practice and emergency logistics
RETURNED_COST: remote access and relocation cost
REPAIR_ROUTE: transparent engineering and household-centred reconstruction

PF03 | PRESSURE: CRYOSPHERE_WARMING
FORCE: changes glacier, snow, lake, runoff and permafrost
ADAPTATION: monitoring and infrastructure hardening
RETURNED_COST: downstream and future-generation risk
REPAIR_ROUTE: basin-scale data and emissions/adaptation governance

PF04 | PRESSURE: FOOD_FODDER_WINTER
FORCE: constrains settlement and herd survival
ADAPTATION: crop-herd diversity and storage
RETURNED_COST: labour and grassland pressure
REPAIR_ROUTE: diverse local food systems

PF05 | PRESSURE: CORRIDOR_BORDER
FORCE: makes passes and valleys strategic bottlenecks
ADAPTATION: caravan, fort, road and rail systems
RETURNED_COST: taxation, war and exclusion
REPAIR_ROUTE: multi-party access and hazard planning

PF06 | PRESSURE: MILITARY_ASYMMETRY
FORCE: reorders political possibility
ADAPTATION: alliances, fortification and external patrons
RETURNED_COST: casualty, displacement and coercion
REPAIR_ROUTE: civilian protection and verifiable limits

PF07 | PRESSURE: PATRONAGE_SUCCESSION
FORCE: ties institutions to rulers, patrons and recognition
ADAPTATION: regency and reincarnation
RETURNED_COST: capture, rivalry and trust debt
REPAIR_ROUTE: transparent rights-respecting procedure

PF08 | PRESSURE: ESTATE_EXTRACTION
FORCE: funds institutions through household obligation
ADAPTATION: records and customary rights
RETURNED_COST: inequality and immobility
REPAIR_ROUTE: period-specific legal repair and access

PF09 | PRESSURE: LANGUAGE_SCHOOLING
FORCE: shifts transmission between family, state and market
ADAPTATION: curriculum and boarding
RETURNED_COST: assimilation or unequal opportunity risk
REPAIR_ROUTE: bilingual outcome measurement and family choice

PF10 | PRESSURE: SURVEILLANCE_RIGHTS
FORCE: raises control and suppresses correction
ADAPTATION: digital sensing and regulation
RETURNED_COST: fear, detention and evidence scarcity
REPAIR_ROUTE: independent access, due process and appeal

PF11 | PRESSURE: EXILE_DISPERSAL
FORCE: separates people from place and jurisdiction
ADAPTATION: diaspora institutions and media
RETURNED_COST: identity burden and host dependency
REPAIR_ROUTE: portable education, archives and political pluralism

PF12 | PRESSURE: HYDROPOWER_DOWNSTREAM
FORCE: converts river energy at enormous scale
ADAPTATION: dams, grid and capital
RETURNED_COST: ecological, seismic, displacement and downstream uncertainty
REPAIR_ROUTE: public data, consent and transboundary review

OUROBOROS_LOOP:
SUBSTRATE -> PRESSURE -> ADAPTATION -> CAPABILITY -> SCALE
-> EXTERNALISED_COST -> RECEIVER/SKY SENSOR -> REPAIR
-> CHANGED_SUBSTRATE.

TRUE_REVERSE_HYDRA_TEST:
Starting at a claimed repair, trace backward through finance, labour, data,
law, materials, energy, water and affected persons; then trace outward to
every materially changed ecology and downstream community. A severed head is
a missing dependency, excluded receiver or unverified benefit.

REPAIR_RATE_TEST:
REPAIR_RATE >= DRIFT_RATE must be demonstrated, not declared. Current Object
26 systems do not receive Stage 5 merely because policy or technology exists.

========================================================================================
14 | FUNCTIONAL PORTABILITY, FISSION, EDUCATION AND SIMULATION

FUNCTIONAL_PORTABILITY_MATRIX:
PM01 | MODULE: BARLEY_YAK_FOOD
REQUIRED_DEPENDENCIES: seed/herd diversity; pasture; storage; labour; local climate knowledge
FAILURE_MODE: ecological mismatch and genetic bottleneck

PM02 | MODULE: SCRIPT
REQUIRED_DEPENDENCIES: teachers; orthography; writing media; administrative demand
FAILURE_MODE: memorised symbols without literacy ecology

PM03 | MODULE: TRANSLATION
REQUIRED_DEPENDENCIES: source-language expertise; target terminology; peer correction; custody
FAILURE_MODE: canonical drift and authority capture

PM04 | MODULE: MONASTERY
REQUIRED_DEPENDENCIES: ordination; teachers; land/finance; community consent; maintenance
FAILURE_MODE: building survives but learning ceases

PM05 | MODULE: REINCARNATION_OFFICE
REQUIRED_DEPENDENCIES: community trust; search knowledge; rights; custody; succession procedure
FAILURE_MODE: state or faction captures person and legitimacy

PM06 | MODULE: MEDICINE
REQUIRED_DEPENDENCIES: training; materia medica; diagnosis; referral; access
FAILURE_MODE: doctrine without safe delivery

PM07 | MODULE: CARAVAN_ROUTE
REQUIRED_DEPENDENCIES: pass season; animals; markets; security; hospitality
FAILURE_MODE: mapped route without viable movement

PM08 | MODULE: GOVERNMENT
REQUIRED_DEPENDENCIES: law; revenue; information; enforcement; appeal; legitimacy
FAILURE_MODE: title without implementation or correction

PM09 | MODULE: SCHOOL
REQUIRED_DEPENDENCIES: teachers; language; curriculum; family access; assessment
FAILURE_MODE: enrolment without comprehension or transmission

PM10 | MODULE: RAIL
REQUIRED_DEPENDENCIES: track; power; maintenance; safety; affordable access; ecology
FAILURE_MODE: opening ceremony without equitable durable service

PM11 | MODULE: DIGITAL_NETWORK
REQUIRED_DEPENDENCIES: power; devices; literacy; privacy; uncensored correction
FAILURE_MODE: connectivity becomes surveillance

PM12 | MODULE: CLIMATE_REPAIR
REQUIRED_DEPENDENCIES: sensors; local knowledge; basin coordination; finance; accountability
FAILURE_MODE: adaptation project externalises risk

FISSION_REGISTER:
F01 | EVENT: 842–866 imperial fission
PRIOR_HOST: royal central command
SUCCESSOR_HOSTS: regional rulers, monasteries, Dunhuang and local hosts
FUNCTIONS_PRESERVED: script, ritual and administration survive unevenly
FUNCTIONS_LOST_OR_CONTESTED: imperial tax and frontier control contract

F02 | EVENT: Yuan decline
PRIOR_HOST: Sakya–Yuan layered host
SUCCESSOR_HOSTS: Phagmodrupa and continuing Sakya religious institutions
FUNCTIONS_PRESERVED: scholastic and local administration
FUNCTIONS_LOST_OR_CONTESTED: imperial command and fiscal network fragment

F03 | EVENT: 1642 recombination
PRIOR_HOST: Tsangpa/Gelug/Mongol competition
SUCCESSOR_HOSTS: Ganden Phodrang plus Khoshut force
FUNCTIONS_PRESERVED: central government and Gelug networks
FUNCTIONS_LOST_OR_CONTESTED: rival political and religious hosts are subordinated but not erased

F04 | EVENT: 1911 Qing collapse
PRIOR_HOST: Qing imperial chain
SUCCESSOR_HOSTS: Lhasa government and Republican Chinese claim systems
FUNCTIONS_PRESERVED: Tibetan internal government expands
FUNCTIONS_LOST_OR_CONTESTED: shared legal recognition remains unresolved

F05 | EVENT: 1959 rupture
PRIOR_HOST: Ganden Phodrang in Tibet
SUCCESSOR_HOSTS: PRC regional system plus exile institutions
FUNCTIONS_PRESERVED: some religious, educational and political functions migrate
FUNCTIONS_LOST_OR_CONTESTED: territorial control and exile legitimacy separate

F06 | EVENT: 2011 CTA devolution
PRIOR_HOST: Dalai personal political authority
SUCCESSOR_HOSTS: elected Sikyong and parliament
FUNCTIONS_PRESERVED: exile administration becomes more institutionally portable
FUNCTIONS_LOST_OR_CONTESTED: religious office no longer equals executive office

EDUCATION_EXPRESSION_CHAIN:
KNOWLEDGE_EXISTS
-> ACCESS
-> COMPREHENSION
-> TEACHER_AND_LANGUAGE_REPRODUCTION
-> INSTITUTIONAL_MAINTENANCE
-> PRACTICAL_DEPLOYMENT
-> SCALE
-> CORRECTION_AND_APPEAL.
Failure at any edge means the capability is possessed but incompletely
expressed. Monastic debate, bilingual school, engineering training and
diaspora education must each pass their own Receiver test.

SIMULATION_REGISTER:
SIM01 | SCENARIO: If barley/wheat routes fail
TEST: test whether lower-elevation food, herd diversity and exchange can sustain high settlements
RESULT_RULE: Food package is recombinant, not inevitable.

SIM02 | SCENARIO: If imperial central command collapses
TEST: route script, ritual, law and local administration to successor hosts
RESULT_RULE: Fission can preserve functions without preserving polity.

SIM03 | SCENARIO: If patronage is removed
TEST: test monastery finance, community support and teaching reproduction
RESULT_RULE: Religious capability requires more than doctrine.

SIM04 | SCENARIO: If a succession is disputed
TEST: separate recognition, approval, custody, access, enthronement and community reception
RESULT_RULE: No claimant becomes valid by field collapse.

SIM05 | SCENARIO: If rail opens but Receiver access fails
TEST: measure fare, language, housing, migration, safety and ecological cost
RESULT_RULE: Infrastructure remains installed but under-expressed.

SIM06 | SCENARIO: If glacier/runoff regimes cross a threshold
TEST: trace water, hydropower, roads, agriculture, disaster and downstream agents
RESULT_RULE: Repair must satisfy TRUE_REVERSE_HYDRA.

========================================================================================
15 | REALITY CONTINUUM AND INVARIANT CONVERGENCE

INVARIANT_COUNT: 16
INVARIANT_RULE:
Each invariant has an explicit scope and falsifier. Recurrence never proves a
universal law outside the stated record classes.

TBT.I01 | INTEGRATION_NON_IDENTITY
LAW: Interaction may join systems without erasing the identity of sender, receiver, carrier, host or affected ecology.
LAW_SCOPE: All Tibet–China–India–Central Asia–Mongolia records.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: A record collapses two domains into one without an explicit identity claim and evidence.

TBT.I02 | FUNCTIONAL_PORTABILITY
LAW: A capability moves only with declared carriers, dependencies and a receiving host.
LAW_SCOPE: Crops, script, Buddhism, administration, rail and exile institutions.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: The same function operates after transfer despite missing all declared dependencies.

TBT.I03 | TRUE_REVERSE_HYDRA
LAW: Repair must trace backward to substrates and outward to every materially affected agent.
LAW_SCOPE: Earthquake, schooling, resettlement, hydropower and climate.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: A claimed repair verifies all receivers while excluding a materially affected substrate or person.

TBT.I04 | OCCUPATION_NON_PERMANENCE
LAW: Presence at a site does not by itself prove year-round multigenerational settlement.
LAW_SCOPE: Pleistocene and Holocene archaeology.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: Independent seasonality and household evidence closes the permanence test.

TBT.I05 | ARCHAEOLOGY_NON_ETHNICITY
LAW: Assemblage, tomb or crop package does not automatically name an ethnicity, language, religion or polity.
LAW_SCOPE: Prehistory and Zhang Zhung.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: Contemporary self-identifying text plus convergent material evidence supports a bounded identification.

TBT.I06 | ANCESTRY_NON_TITLE
LAW: Population ancestry or adaptation cannot generate political title, racial worth or institutional legitimacy.
LAW_SCOPE: Ancient DNA and EPAS1.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: No admissible biological evidence can falsify a normative category separation; only misuse triggers failure.

TBT.I07 | REACH_NON_CONTROL
LAW: Reachability, raid, tribute, title or temporary occupation does not equal durable effective control.
LAW_SCOPE: Empire, Ming, Qing, British and modern borders.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: Sustained local administration, enforcement and receiver evidence support a narrower control claim.

TBT.I08 | TEXT_NON_EVENT
LAW: A text proves its own attested statement and custody, not automatically the event or later legal effect it describes.
LAW_SCOPE: Annals, treaties, hagiography, white papers and rights reports.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: Independent convergent evidence verifies the event under the claimed boundary.

TBT.I09 | RECOGNITION_DECOMPOSITION
LAW: Spiritual recognition, state approval, physical custody, community legitimacy and office operation are separate.
LAW_SCOPE: Dalai, Panchen and other reincarnations.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: A case-specific evidence graph demonstrates all functions coincide; separation remains conceptually available.

TBT.I10 | PATRONAGE_NON_SOVEREIGNTY
LAW: Religious patronage, teaching and titles do not exhaust command, taxation, coercion or sovereignty.
LAW_SCOPE: Mongol/Yuan, Ganden and Qing relations.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: Function-level records show the patronage relation alone performed every control function.

TBT.I11 | LAW_NON_IMPLEMENTATION
LAW: A treaty, statute or policy is not the same as uniform implementation, outcome or legitimacy.
LAW_SCOPE: 1793, 1914, 1951 and 2026 legal states.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: Disaggregated enforcement and receiver evidence verify full operation within the stated scope.

TBT.I12 | INFRASTRUCTURE_NON_ACCESS
LAW: Installed infrastructure does not prove affordable, safe, equitable or ecologically repaired service.
LAW_SCOPE: Road, rail, school, health, digital and hydropower.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: Receiver and substrate audits verify access, maintenance and no excluded material cost.

TBT.I13 | OFFICIAL_NON_ADJUDICATION
LAW: An official report proves an official position; a rights allegation proves an allegation; neither alone adjudicates the dispute.
LAW_SCOPE: Modern rights, development and schooling.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: Independent competent adjudication or convergent direct evidence changes claim status.

TBT.I14 | BOUNDARY_PURPOSE
LAW: Plateau, cultural, linguistic, historical and legal boundaries must be dated and purpose-specific.
LAW_SCOPE: Whole object.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: A single boundary is explicitly defined and evidenced for the exact analytical purpose; others remain distinct.

TBT.I15 | SKY_ACTIVE_INTERFACE
LAW: Atmosphere, cryosphere, water and hazard alter capability and returned cost; they are not passive scenery.
LAW_SCOPE: All periods.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: A capability demonstrably operates independently of every stated Sky dependency within its scope.

TBT.I16 | FREEZE_EXPIRY
LAW: Every current office, law, project, sensor and rights state expires at the retrieval freeze.
LAW_SCOPE: Live tail.
FALSIFIER_OR_REVISION_TRIGGER: A later versioned retrieval renews the claim; silent post-freeze backfill fails the law.

CONVERGENCE_TEST:
When multiple periods show the same geometry—such as title without uniform
control, patronage hiding coercion, or infrastructure without Receiver
access—the invariant is strengthened only inside the declared scope.

========================================================================================
16 | CURRENT-STATE VECTORS AT THE FREEZE

FREEZE: 2026-07-29T21:27:34+08:00
CURRENT_VECTOR_COUNT: 17

CV01 | VECTOR: LEGAL_GEOGRAPHY
OBSERVED_STATE: TAR is a provincial-level autonomous region of the PRC; Tibetan autonomous prefectures/counties also exist in Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan.
NON_COLLAPSE: TAR != plateau != all Tibetan areas != all Tibetans.
OPEN_TEST: Implementation and local outcome remain disaggregated.

CV02 | VECTOR: PARTY_STATE_CONTROL
OBSERVED_STATE: PRC party-state institutions hold effective territorial, legal, security and infrastructure control across the TAR.
NON_COLLAPSE: Effective control does not by itself settle every historical, rights or legitimacy claim.
OPEN_TEST: Independent access is constrained.

CV03 | VECTOR: AUTONOMY_LAW
OBSERVED_STATE: The Constitution, Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law and 2026 Ethnic Unity and Progress Law are live formal hosts.
NON_COLLAPSE: Statutory promise != regulation != enforcement != Receiver outcome.
OPEN_TEST: 2026-law cases are immature at freeze.

CV04 | VECTOR: FOURTEENTH_DALAI_LAMA
OBSERVED_STATE: Alive and publicly active through 27 July 2026; turned ninety-one on 6 July.
NON_COLLAPSE: Person, religious office, former political office and future succession are separate.
OPEN_TEST: Every living-state claim expires at freeze.

CV05 | VECTOR: DALAI_SUCCESSION
OBSERVED_STATE: The Dalai institution’s 2025 statement and PRC approval claim conflict.
NON_COLLAPSE: No future reincarnation or recognition event has occurred.
OPEN_TEST: Recognition, approval, custody, access and legitimacy require separate future records.

CV06 | VECTOR: PANCHEN_SUCCESSION
OBSERVED_STATE: Two rival 1995 recognition systems remain; Gedhun Choekyi Nyima’s present circumstances are not independently verified.
NON_COLLAPSE: Unknown != absent; state recognition != universal legitimacy.
OPEN_TEST: Independent rights-compliant access is required.

CV07 | VECTOR: CTA_DIASPORA
OBSERVED_STATE: The Central Tibetan Administration operates elected exile institutions and education/religious networks in India and globally.
NON_COLLAPSE: Operating institution != universally recognised sovereign state.
OPEN_TEST: Host law and diaspora participation remain dependencies.

CV08 | VECTOR: LANGUAGE_EDUCATION
OBSERVED_STATE: Official bilingual provision and UN/rights concerns over Mandarin-dominant boarding systems coexist as different claim states.
NON_COLLAPSE: School count != language outcome; attendance != voluntary residence.
OPEN_TEST: Independent longitudinal school and family evidence is needed.

CV09 | VECTOR: RELIGIOUS_OPERATION
OBSERVED_STATE: Monasteries and ritual life operate under PRC regulation, registration, surveillance and patriotic-education requirements.
NON_COLLAPSE: Venue count != unrestricted practice or community control.
OPEN_TEST: Participant access and due-process evidence are restricted.

CV10 | VECTOR: RAIL_URBAN_NETWORK
OBSERVED_STATE: Rail reaches Lhasa, Shigatse and Nyingchi; roads, aviation, tourism and urban investment are extensive.
NON_COLLAPSE: Connectivity != equity, cultural security or ecological repair.
OPEN_TEST: Affordability, distribution and maintenance require Receiver tests.

CV11 | VECTOR: YARLUNG_HYDROPOWER
OBSERVED_STATE: Lower Yarlung project approval and construction announcement are observed.
NON_COLLAPSE: Project announcement != completed plant != safe operation.
OPEN_TEST: Design, displacement, seismic, ecological and downstream effects remain incompletely disclosed.

CV12 | VECTOR: CLIMATE_CRYOSPHERE
OBSERVED_STATE: Rapid warming, glacier loss, lake change and permafrost degradation are strongly evidenced.
NON_COLLAPSE: Plateau average != basin outcome; model projection != deterministic future.
OPEN_TEST: Continuous basin and community sensing required.

CV13 | VECTOR: TINGRI_RECOVERY
OBSERVED_STATE: The 7 January 2025 M7.1 earthquake and official reconstruction programme are observed.
NON_COLLAPSE: Physical magnitude, official death toll and independent casualty audit are separate.
OPEN_TEST: Household reconstruction outcomes remain access-limited.

CV14 | VECTOR: RIGHTS_ACCESS
OBSERVED_STATE: UN experts, states and advocacy organisations report serious rights concerns; PRC sources reject or reframe many claims.
NON_COLLAPSE: Allegation != judgment; denial != refutation; official report != independent audit.
OPEN_TEST: VERIFIED_UNAVAILABLE is retained where access is blocked.

CV15 | VECTOR: CHINA_INTERFACE
OBSERVED_STATE: The PRC is the current controlling state host; China–Tibet relations also have Tang, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republican clocks.
NON_COLLAPSE: Dynasties and modern state are not interchangeable.
OPEN_TEST: Every continuity claim requires a dated functional edge.

CV16 | VECTOR: INDIA_INTERFACE
OBSERVED_STATE: India hosts the Dalai Lama, CTA and large diaspora communities and remains a Himalayan strategic and cultural interface.
NON_COLLAPSE: Religious origin, asylum and host jurisdiction do not transfer sovereignty.
OPEN_TEST: Border and mobility conditions remain live.

CV17 | VECTOR: CENTRAL_ASIA_MONGOLIA
OBSERVED_STATE: Historic imperial, manuscript and Buddhist networks persist as heritage and religious relations.
NON_COLLAPSE: Historic reach and patronage do not create modern political title.
OPEN_TEST: Case-specific institutions and communities retain agency.

LIVE_STATE_RULE:
The current state is not a verdict on every historical legal claim. It is a
dated description of operating control, institutions, evidence access,
environmental risk and unresolved disputes. Each vector expires at freeze.

========================================================================================
17 | UNCERTAINTY, DISPUTE AND REVISION REGISTER

UNCERTAINTY_COUNT: 59
REVISION_RULE:
Uncertainty is an owned object with a machine rule and review trigger.
“Unknown” and “unavailable” are valid states. They are not invitations to
interpolate preferred political, religious or civilisational narratives.

TBT.U001 | TYPE: OBJECT_BOUNDARY
STATEMENT: The Tibetan Plateau, cultural Tibet, historical Tibetan polities, the Tibet Autonomous Region and all Tibetan autonomous areas are non-identical.
MACHINE_RULE: Never infer one boundary from another.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Revisit only with a dated and purpose-specific boundary claim.

TBT.U002 | TYPE: PLATEAU_UPLIFT
STATEMENT: Different plateau sectors rose at different times; collision date, mechanism and palaeoaltitude models remain debated.
MACHINE_RULE: Keep models and measured constraints separate.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: New replicated palaeoaltimetry and geodynamic synthesis.

TBT.U003 | TYPE: SKY_BOUNDARY
STATEMENT: Monsoon and westerly influence vary by altitude, season and sector.
MACHINE_RULE: Do not serialize one plateau climate.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Long-run instrumental and proxy reconciliation.

TBT.U004 | TYPE: CRYOSPHERE
STATEMENT: Glacier, snow, lake and permafrost trends differ by basin and method.
MACHINE_RULE: No single trend substitutes for basin-level observation.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: New inventories with uncertainty and hydrological closure.

TBT.U005 | TYPE: DENISOVAN_IDENTITY
STATEMENT: Baishiya remains support Denisovan presence; they are not a modern ethnic population or political ancestor.
MACHINE_RULE: No direct cultural or political lineage may be generated.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Additional securely contextualised fossils or genomes.

TBT.U006 | TYPE: NWYA_DEVU_DURATION
STATEMENT: Nwya Devu establishes high-altitude presence c.40–30 ka, not necessarily continuous permanent residence.
MACHINE_RULE: Occupation and year-round settlement remain separate.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Seasonality, dwelling and repeated-use evidence.

TBT.U007 | TYPE: CHUSANG_OCCUPATION
STATEMENT: Chusang/Quesang dates and the inference of permanent early-Holocene residence have been debated.
MACHINE_RULE: Preserve dating and permanence as separate claims.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Independent dating and settlement-seasonality evidence.

TBT.U008 | TYPE: PERMANENT_SETTLEMENT
STATEMENT: The c.3600 BP agropastoral threshold is an influential regional model, not one plateau-wide first date.
MACHINE_RULE: Do not erase earlier mobility or later local transitions.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Site-level year-round occupation evidence across sectors.

TBT.U009 | TYPE: YAK_DOMESTICATION
STATEMENT: Domestic yak, cattle and hybrids have multiple genetic and archaeological clocks.
MACHINE_RULE: Animal presence does not prove local domestication.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Directly dated genomics and husbandry contexts.

TBT.U010 | TYPE: ANCIENT_GENOMES
STATEMENT: Ancient DNA sampling is sparse, uneven and ethically bounded.
MACHINE_RULE: Statistical continuity/admixture cannot create fixed racial or political essences.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Broader consented sampling and replicated models.

TBT.U011 | TYPE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_IDENTITY
STATEMENT: Material assemblages, tomb types and subsistence packages are not automatic Tibetan, Zhang Zhung, Bon or modern ethnic identities.
MACHINE_RULE: Maintain the category firewall.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Contemporary inscriptions or convergent multi-source evidence.

TBT.U012 | TYPE: ROCK_ART
STATEMENT: Plateau rock-art sequences often lack direct dates.
MACHINE_RULE: Iconography alone cannot create a chronology or ethnonym.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Direct dating and secure stratigraphic association.

TBT.U013 | TYPE: ZHANG_ZHUNG_HISTORICITY
STATEMENT: Early Tibetan and external texts support a western political coordinate, but extent, duration and organisation are incompletely resolved.
MACHINE_RULE: Use “Zhang Zhung” only where the specific source supports it.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: New early texts, inscriptions or securely linked archaeology.

TBT.U014 | TYPE: ZHANG_ZHUNG_ARCHAEOLOGY
STATEMENT: Khyunglung, forts, tombs and western-plateau monuments cannot automatically be labelled Zhang Zhung.
MACHINE_RULE: No site-name conversion without a claim edge.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Inscribed or multi-source identification.

TBT.U015 | TYPE: ZHANG_ZHUNG_BON
STATEMENT: Later Bon traditions preserve Zhang Zhung memory but do not prove that every Bon institution originated in one ancient kingdom.
MACHINE_RULE: Religion, text, language and polity remain separate.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Early dated textual or material links.

TBT.U016 | TYPE: ZHANG_ZHUNG_LANGUAGE
STATEMENT: A limited body of words and bilingual material supports a language coordinate; classification and corpus remain debated.
MACHINE_RULE: Do not invent fluency, population or territory.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: New securely dated linguistic documents.

TBT.U017 | TYPE: ZHANG_ZHUNG_SCRIPT
STATEMENT: Systematised “Zhang Zhung scripts” are late or reinterpreted in surviving evidence.
MACHINE_RULE: Do not back-project modern charts into antiquity.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Secure early manuscript or inscription.

TBT.U018 | TYPE: EARLY_YARLUNG
STATEMENT: Pre-imperial Yarlung chronology is heavily shaped by later genealogies and royal legend.
MACHINE_RULE: Tradition is memory history, not exact annalistic time.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Early inscriptions or contemporary external records.

TBT.U019 | TYPE: NYATRI_TSENPO
STATEMENT: 127 BCE and the first-king narrative are traditional coordinates, not securely dated events.
MACHINE_RULE: Label as attributed memory history.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Independent contemporary evidence.

TBT.U020 | TYPE: BHRIKUTI
STATEMENT: The Nepalese princess Bhrikuti is important in later tradition; her historicity and biography lack the documentation available for Wencheng.
MACHINE_RULE: Do not present the marriage as equally attested.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Contemporary Nepalese, Tibetan or Chinese evidence.

TBT.U021 | TYPE: TIBETAN_SCRIPT
STATEMENT: Traditional attribution to Thonmi Sambhota and Songtsen Gampo is later; earliest secure epigraphic and manuscript evidence is later.
MACHINE_RULE: Separate script formation, traditional authorship and first surviving witness.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Earlier dated inscriptions or manuscripts.

TBT.U022 | TYPE: SAMYE_DATES
STATEMENT: Samye foundation and consecration dates vary across early and later accounts.
MACHINE_RULE: Use bounded ranges and source-specific dates.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Reconciled inscriptions, archaeology and textual chronology.

TBT.U023 | TYPE: SAMYE_DEBATE
STATEMENT: The “Samye Debate” is filtered through partisan and later narratives; event, participants and doctrinal outcome remain debated.
MACHINE_RULE: Do not serialize a simple India-defeats-China story.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Earlier independent accounts and manuscript comparison.

TBT.U024 | TYPE: PADMASAMBHAVA_MEMORY
STATEMENT: Historical presence and later hagiographic expansion use different clocks.
MACHINE_RULE: Ritual truth, textual tradition and contemporary observation remain separate.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Earlier dated textual witnesses.

TBT.U025 | TYPE: LANG_DARMA
STATEMENT: The scale and character of anti-Buddhist persecution attributed to Lang Darma are debated.
MACHINE_RULE: Political retrenchment, later memory and actual institutional damage remain separate.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Contemporary administrative and monastic evidence.

TBT.U026 | TYPE: EMPIRE_COLLAPSE
STATEMENT: Succession, faction, fiscal pressure, frontier loss and religious conflict interact; 842 is not an instant end of every capability.
MACHINE_RULE: Track fission and host migration.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: New dated regional records.

TBT.U027 | TYPE: IMPERIAL_BORDERS
STATEMENT: Tibetan imperial reach was graded, intermittent and corridor-specific.
MACHINE_RULE: Do not draw a single modern-style border or ownership polygon.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Dated garrison, tax, treaty and settlement evidence.

TBT.U028 | TYPE: CHANGAN_763
STATEMENT: Tibetan forces occupied Chang’an briefly in 763; duration and local effects do not equal enduring rule of China.
MACHINE_RULE: Raid, occupation and durable sovereignty stay distinct.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Contemporary annals and local evidence.

TBT.U029 | TYPE: TREATY_821_822
STATEMENT: The pillar records a Tang–Tibet agreement; translation, diplomatic idiom and modern legal use remain debated.
MACHINE_RULE: Treaty proves treaty terms, not timeless status.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: New philological or contextual evidence.

TBT.U030 | TYPE: PRIEST_PATRON
STATEMENT: Chö-yön describes important religious-political relations but can conceal command, taxation, patronage and competing sovereignties.
MACHINE_RULE: Decompose every case into actual functions.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Case-specific multilingual archives.

TBT.U031 | TYPE: YUAN_TIBET
STATEMENT: Yuan imperial authority, Sakya administration and local agency were real but do not map cleanly onto modern nation-state categories.
MACHINE_RULE: No retroactive national title.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Multilingual administrative and fiscal evidence.

TBT.U032 | TYPE: MING_REACH
STATEMENT: Ming titles, tribute and religious patronage do not prove uniform direct administration across Tibet.
MACHINE_RULE: Title, exchange and effective control remain separate.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Local administrative records and sustained enforcement.

TBT.U033 | TYPE: GANDEN_1642
STATEMENT: 1642 marks a major Ganden Phodrang consolidation enabled by Khoshut force; reach and institutional expression vary.
MACHINE_RULE: Do not erase rival schools, regions or Mongol military agency.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Regional fiscal, legal and military records.

TBT.U034 | TYPE: QING_TIBET
STATEMENT: Qing influence and authority changed across reigns, crises, regions and institutions.
MACHINE_RULE: Avoid both “no control” and “uniform modern sovereignty” shortcuts.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Multilingual case-specific administrative evidence.

TBT.U035 | TYPE: GOLDEN_URN
STATEMENT: The Golden Urn was introduced in the 1790s; actual use, exemptions and meanings varied.
MACHINE_RULE: Rule, performance and later political claim stay distinct.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Complete case register and multilingual archive.

TBT.U036 | TYPE: SOCIAL_HIERARCHY
STATEMENT: Estate, tenancy, corvée, bondage and slavery labels require period- and region-specific evidence; propaganda and romanticisation both distort.
MACHINE_RULE: Track rights, mobility and coercion without one totalising label.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Disaggregated legal, estate and testimonial evidence.

TBT.U037 | TYPE: YOUNGHUSBAND
STATEMENT: The 1903–04 invasion, Chumik Shenko killings and Lhasa Convention involve coercion; casualty totals and responsibility require source care.
MACHINE_RULE: No euphemistic “mission” as the only label.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Tibetan, British and local archival reconciliation.

TBT.U038 | TYPE: SIMLA
STATEMENT: The 1914 Simla documents, initialling, maps and China’s refusal to ratify have contested legal effects.
MACHINE_RULE: Do not claim universal settlement.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Authoritative treaty-law and archival reassessment.

TBT.U039 | TYPE: STATUS_1912_1950
STATEMENT: Lhasa exercised de facto internal government and external dealings while recognition, territorial reach and Chinese claims remained contested.
MACHINE_RULE: Separate fact of operation from de jure conclusion.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Source-specific diplomatic and legal analysis.

TBT.U040 | TYPE: SEVENTEEN_POINT
STATEMENT: The 1951 agreement text is secure; authority, consent, military pressure, ratification and later repudiation remain disputed.
MACHINE_RULE: Store Chinese and Tibetan positions plus scholarly analysis separately.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: New primary negotiation records or adjudication.

TBT.U041 | TYPE: CHAMDO_1950
STATEMENT: Military events and casualty totals at Chamdo vary by source.
MACHINE_RULE: Record secure operational sequence without fabricated precision.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Unit-level archives and local testimony.

TBT.U042 | TYPE: 1959_UPRISING
STATEMENT: Actors, triggers, casualty totals, repression and flight remain deeply contested and access-limited.
MACHINE_RULE: No single official or exile narrative closes the event.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Independent archives, graves and testimony with protection.

TBT.U043 | TYPE: GREAT_LEAP_FAMINE
STATEMENT: Mortality and mechanism across Tibetan regions are unevenly measured.
MACHINE_RULE: Join policy, food, disease and coercion without one unsupported total.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Demographic and local archival reconstruction.

TBT.U044 | TYPE: CULTURAL_REVOLUTION
STATEMENT: Religious and cultural destruction was extensive; complete counts and local variation remain unresolved.
MACHINE_RULE: Monument count is not the whole human cost.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Site, archive, testimony and institutional restoration audit.

TBT.U045 | TYPE: PANCHEN_PETITION
STATEMENT: The 1962 petition is an important documentary critique; authorship process, reception and implementation require contextual evidence.
MACHINE_RULE: Text does not speak for every person or region.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Archive and participant testimony.

TBT.U046 | TYPE: PANCHEN_SUCCESSION
STATEMENT: The 1995 recognitions produced rival institutional claims; Gedhun Choekyi Nyima’s present circumstances remain unverified independently.
MACHINE_RULE: Recognition, custody, state approval and community legitimacy remain separate.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Independent access and rights-compliant evidence.

TBT.U047 | TYPE: PROTESTS_2008
STATEMENT: The 2008 protest field varied by place; protest, riot, policing, arrest and information restriction must be disaggregated.
MACHINE_RULE: No plateau-wide single-agent story.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Local case files and independent access.

TBT.U048 | TYPE: SELF_IMMOLATION
STATEMENT: Motives are personal and political, sources are constrained, and state/advocacy interpretations conflict.
MACHINE_RULE: Do not aggregate persons into one automated motive.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Protected testimony and case-specific evidence.

TBT.U049 | TYPE: DEMOGRAPHY
STATEMENT: TAR statistics do not represent all Tibetan areas; migration, ethnicity, household registration and floating population differ.
MACHINE_RULE: No population claim without geography and method.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Transparent disaggregated census and migration data.

TBT.U050 | TYPE: LANGUAGE_EDUCATION
STATEMENT: Official bilingual-education claims and UN/rights concerns about Mandarin-dominant boarding systems conflict; access is restricted.
MACHINE_RULE: Record policy, curriculum, residence, language outcome and family effect separately.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Independent school access and longitudinal language data.

TBT.U051 | TYPE: RELIGIOUS_FREEDOM
STATEMENT: Official venue counts and constitutional protections do not establish unrestricted practice; rights reports require access and case evidence.
MACHINE_RULE: Possession, permission, surveillance and community authority are distinct.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Independent institutional and participant access.

TBT.U052 | TYPE: PASTORAL_RESETTLEMENT
STATEMENT: Ecological, welfare and rights outcomes of resettlement and labour-transfer programmes vary.
MACHINE_RULE: Do not treat relocation as automatic benefit or automatic total harm.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Household and grassland longitudinal evaluation.

TBT.U053 | TYPE: HYDROPOWER
STATEMENT: The lower Yarlung project is under construction; design, displacement, ecological and downstream effects remain incompletely disclosed.
MACHINE_RULE: Approval and construction are not operating outcome.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Public impact assessment, hydrological data and community consent records.

TBT.U054 | TYPE: TINGRI_2025
STATEMENT: Magnitude is instrument-dependent; official deaths and alternative claims diverge under information restrictions.
MACHINE_RULE: Use USGS physical measurement and source-labelled casualty states.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Independent casualty and reconstruction audit.

TBT.U055 | TYPE: CLIMATE_PROJECTION
STATEMENT: Observed warming is strong; future glacier, lake, runoff and permafrost pathways retain model and basin uncertainty.
MACHINE_RULE: No deterministic single future.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Updated coupled observations and scenario reconciliation.

TBT.U056 | TYPE: SUCCESSION_FUTURE
STATEMENT: The Dalai Lama’s 2025 instruction and PRC approval claim conflict; no future recognition event has occurred at the freeze.
MACHINE_RULE: Keep as institutional positions and FUTURE_AT_CUTOFF risk.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: A future event assessed under rights, community and legal evidence.

TBT.U057 | TYPE: ETHNIC_UNITY_LAW
STATEMENT: The 2026 law text and commencement are observed; application and rights effects are live and contested.
MACHINE_RULE: Official purpose, statutory text, UN concerns and actual enforcement stay separate.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Case law, regulations, enforcement records and affected-person evidence.

TBT.U058 | TYPE: CURRENT_RIGHTS
STATEMENT: Independent access to Tibetan areas, detention sites, schools and monasteries is constrained.
MACHINE_RULE: VERIFIED_UNAVAILABLE is preferable to fabricated certainty.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Credible independent access and protected testimony.

TBT.U059 | TYPE: LIVE_TAIL
STATEMENT: All office, project, law, hazard and rights states expire at the exact freeze.
MACHINE_RULE: No post-freeze fact may be backfilled silently.
REVIEW_TRIGGER: Next versioned retrieval and reconciliation.

========================================================================================
18 | SOURCE-OBJECT REGISTER

SOURCE_COUNT: 132
SOURCE_RULE:
A source supports only the use stated below. Primary legal or institutional
text proves text and position; archaeological publication proves its bounded
method and claim; rights and official sources retain source position; no
source receives authority outside its evidence class.

TBT.S001 | TYPE: ARCHITECTURE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Civilisation Atlas World Chronology Master V1.1; W000–W068 clock and Coverage Object 26 queue.
USE_LIMIT: Clock, object identity and non-transmission simultaneity rules only.

TBT.S002 | TYPE: ARCHITECTURE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Civilisation Atlas Regional Runtime V3.2.
USE_LIMIT: Protected regional records, organs, observers, CAT, genome, pressure, Ouroboros and repair grammar.

TBT.S003 | TYPE: ARCHITECTURE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Civilisation Atlas Reality Continuum Runtime V3.3 root-integrity patch.
USE_LIMIT: DATE_STATUS split, typed flows, root laws, Active Substrate Receipts and V1–V5 validation.

TBT.S004 | TYPE: ARCHITECTURE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: South India / Tamilakam chronology branch, latest 20-section Runtime V3.2 implementation, 29 July 2026.
USE_LIMIT: Thirty-field protected contract and release-validation precedent; no South-India content imported.

TBT.S005 | TYPE: ARCHITECTURE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Sri Lanka chronology branch, Runtime V3.2, 29 July 2026.
USE_LIMIT: Causal-trace and child-clock precedent; no Sri Lanka content imported.

TBT.S006 | TYPE: ARCHITECTURE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Civilisation Atlas Control Tower.
USE_LIMIT: Eight organs, six observers and routing logic.

TBT.S007 | TYPE: ARCHITECTURE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Civilisation Atlas AI Kernel.
USE_LIMIT: Transformation, dependency, typed-flow and repair grammar.

TBT.S008 | TYPE: ARCHITECTURE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Civilisation Museum architecture.
USE_LIMIT: Artefact as stored, moved, operated and contested capability.

TBT.S009 | TYPE: ARCHITECTURE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Civilisation Motion Landscape.
USE_LIMIT: Corridor, threshold, vector and stopping-debt grammar.

TBT.S010 | TYPE: ARCHITECTURE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Civilisation Atlas Education Bridge.
USE_LIMIT: Teachability, reproduction, maintenance, correction and access tests.

TBT.S011 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_GEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Xie, Y. et al. “Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau driven by mantle delamination from the overriding plate.” Nature Geoscience 17 (2024): 683–688. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01473-7
USE_LIMIT: A model tested against topography, magmatism and seismology; not final consensus.

TBT.S012 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_GEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Botsyun, S. et al. “Revised paleoaltimetry data show low Tibetan Plateau elevation during the Eocene.” Science 363 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq1436
USE_LIMIT: Palaeoaltimetry model and debate.

TBT.S013 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_GEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Xiong, Z. et al. “The rise and demise of the Paleogene Central Tibetan Valley.” Science Advances 8 (2022): eabj0944. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj0944
USE_LIMIT: Central-valley reconstruction.

TBT.S014 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_GEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Guo, P. et al. “Lower crustal foundering drove the uplift of southern Tibet before the India–Asia collision.” Communications Earth & Environment (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02269-2
USE_LIMIT: Southern Tibet model and collision/uplift uncertainty.

TBT.S015 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_GEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Liu, L. et al. “New constraints on Cenozoic subduction between India and Tibet.” Nature Communications 14 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37615-5
USE_LIMIT: Deep-structure evidence; plate geometry remains debated.

TBT.S016 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Owen, L. A. and Dortch, J. “Nature and timing of Quaternary glaciation in the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen.” Quaternary Science Reviews 88 (2014): 14–54.
USE_LIMIT: Quaternary glaciation synthesis.

TBT.S017 | TYPE: ASSESSMENT
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: IPCC, Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, Chapter 2: High Mountain Areas (2019). https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/chapter/chapter-2/
USE_LIMIT: High-confidence glacier, snow, permafrost and runoff assessment.

TBT.S018 | TYPE: ASSESSMENT
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: IPCC AR6 WGII, Chapter 10: Asia and Cross-Chapter Paper 5: Mountains (2022).
USE_LIMIT: Regional climate risk and adaptation; not a local forecast.

TBT.S019 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_CLIMATE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Kuang, X. et al. “Climate change accelerates the evolution of reorganized hydrological systems on the Tibetan Plateau.” Communications Earth & Environment (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02865-2
USE_LIMIT: Observed/modelled warming, lake and runoff reorganisation.

TBT.S020 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_CLIMATE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Ran, Y. et al. “Permafrost degradation increases risk and large future costs of infrastructure on the Tibetan Plateau.” Communications Earth & Environment 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00568-6
USE_LIMIT: Infrastructure exposure model.

TBT.S021 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARCHAEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Zhang, X. L. et al. “The earliest human occupation of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau 40 thousand to 30 thousand years ago.” Science 362 (2018): 1049–1051. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat8824
USE_LIMIT: Nwya Devu stratigraphy and dates; not proof of continuous residence.

TBT.S022 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_PALAEOANTHROPOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Chen, F. et al. “A late Middle Pleistocene Denisovan mandible from the Tibetan Plateau.” Nature 569 (2019): 409–412. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1139-x
USE_LIMIT: Xiahe mandible date and proteomic attribution.

TBT.S023 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_GENETICS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Zhang, D. et al. “Denisovan DNA in Late Pleistocene sediments from Baishiya Karst Cave on the Tibetan Plateau.” Science 370 (2020): 584–587. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb6320
USE_LIMIT: Sedimentary mtDNA and cave sequence.

TBT.S024 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_PALAEOANTHROPOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Xia, H. et al. “Middle and Late Pleistocene Denisovan subsistence at Baishiya Karst Cave.” Nature 632 (2024): 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07612-9
USE_LIMIT: Denisovan rib and zooarchaeological/proteomic subsistence evidence.

TBT.S025 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARCHAEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Meyer, M. C. et al. “Permanent human occupation of the central Tibetan Plateau in the early Holocene.” Science 355 (2017): 64–67. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag0357
USE_LIMIT: Chusang dates and permanence interpretation; dispute retained.

TBT.S026 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARCHAEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Chen, F. H. et al. “Agriculture facilitated permanent human occupation of the Tibetan Plateau after 3600 B.P.” Science 347 (2015): 248–250. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259172
USE_LIMIT: Northeastern plateau settlement model; not a universal first date.

TBT.S027 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_GENETICS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Huerta-Sánchez, E. et al. “Altitude adaptation in Tibetans caused by introgression of Denisovan-like DNA.” Nature 512 (2014): 194–197. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13408
USE_LIMIT: EPAS1 adaptive introgression; never ethnic essence or political title.

TBT.S028 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_GENETICS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Wang, H. et al. “Human genetic history on the Tibetan Plateau in the past 5100 years.” Science Advances 9 (2023): eadd5582. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add5582
USE_LIMIT: Ancient-genome population model with sampling limits.

TBT.S029 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARCHAEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Tang, L. et al. “Paleoproteomic evidence reveals dairying supported prehistoric occupation of the highland Tibetan Plateau.” Science Advances 9 (2023): eadf0345. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adf0345
USE_LIMIT: Milk-protein evidence from dental calculus.

TBT.S030 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARCHAEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Chen, N. et al. “Evidence for early domestic yak, taurine cattle, and their hybrids on the Tibetan Plateau.” Science Advances 9 (2023): eadi6857. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi6857
USE_LIMIT: Directly dated domestic-animal evidence; domestication place remains separate.

TBT.S031 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_GENETICS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Liu, C. C. et al. “Ancient genomes from the Himalayas illuminate the genetic history of Tibetans and their Tibeto-Burman speaking neighbors.” Nature Communications 13 (2022): 1203. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28827-2
USE_LIMIT: Himalayan ancient genomes; language and ancestry remain distinct.

TBT.S032 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARCHAEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Lu, H. et al. “Local millet farming and permanent occupation on the Tibetan Plateau.” Science China Earth Sciences (2023).
USE_LIMIT: Millet and occupation evidence; site-specific.

TBT.S033 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARCHAEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Ren, L. et al. “Foraging and farming: archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological evidence for Neolithic exchange on the Tibetan Plateau.” Antiquity 94 (2020): 637–652.
USE_LIMIT: Food and exchange evidence.

TBT.S034 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARCHAEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Song, J. et al. “Farming and multi-resource subsistence in the third and second millennium BC: archaeobotanical evidence from Karuo.” Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 13 (2021): 47.
USE_LIMIT: Karuo subsistence.

TBT.S035 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARCHAEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Gao, Y. et al. “New evidence from the Qugong site in central Tibet for the prehistoric Highland Silk Road.” The Holocene 31 (2021): 230–239.
USE_LIMIT: Qugong exchange and crop evidence.

TBT.S036 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: d’Alpoim Guedes, J. “Rethinking the spread of agriculture to the Tibetan Plateau.” The Holocene 25 (2015): 1498–1510.
USE_LIMIT: Alternative crop-niche and transition model.

TBT.S037 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Aldenderfer, M. “Peopling the Tibetan Plateau: insights from archaeology.” High Altitude Medicine & Biology 12 (2011): 141–147.
USE_LIMIT: Archaeological peopling synthesis.

TBT.S038 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARCHAEOLOGY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Brantingham, P. J. et al. studies of mobility, lithic technology and ecology on the Tibetan Plateau.
USE_LIMIT: Regional mobility/lithics, bounded to cited sites.

TBT.S039 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Madsen, D. B. et al. Late Quaternary human occupation and environmental change on the Tibetan Plateau.
USE_LIMIT: Environmental-archaeological synthesis.

TBT.S040 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_GENETICS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Li, Y. C. et al. “Neolithic millet farmers contributed to permanent settlement of the Tibetan Plateau by adopting barley agriculture.” National Science Review 6 (2019): 1005–1013.
USE_LIMIT: Population/agriculture model; ancestry is not identity.

TBT.S041 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Bellezza, John Vincent. Zhang Zhung: Foundations of Civilization in Tibet. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2023. https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/ikga/publikationen/reihen/beitraege-zur-kultur-und-geistesgeschichte-asiens-bkga/zhang-zhung-foundations-of-civilization-in-tibet
USE_LIMIT: Archaeology/text comparison; identifications retained as argued, not automatic.

TBT.S042 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Karmay, Samten G. The Treasury of Good Sayings: A Tibetan History of Bon. Oxford University Press, 1972.
USE_LIMIT: Bon textual history and later tradition.

TBT.S043 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_CHAPTER
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Beckwith, Christopher I. “On Zhangzhung and Bon.” In Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages III, 2008.
USE_LIMIT: Critical linguistic/textual argument; not sole authority.

TBT.S044 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Martin, Dan. Unearthing Bon Treasures: Life and Contested Legacy of a Tibetan Scripture Revealer. Brill, 2001.
USE_LIMIT: Bon textual/revelatory institutions.

TBT.S045 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Stein, R. A. Tibetan Civilization. Stanford University Press, 1972.
USE_LIMIT: Broad synthesis; early claims checked against newer work.

TBT.S046 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Kapstein, Matthew T. The Tibetans. Blackwell, 2006.
USE_LIMIT: General historical and cultural synthesis.

TBT.S047 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: van Schaik, Sam. Tibet: A History. Yale University Press, 2011.
USE_LIMIT: General chronology and non-teleological synthesis.

TBT.S048 | TYPE: CRITICAL_EDITION
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Dotson, Brandon. The Old Tibetan Annals: An Annotated Translation of Tibet’s First History. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2009.
USE_LIMIT: Imperial annals and source limits.

TBT.S049 | TYPE: PRIMARY_MANUSCRIPT
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: British Library International Dunhuang Programme, Old Tibetan Annals Or.8212/187 and related manuscripts. https://idp.bl.uk/collection/C88DD91757F94C70B6A845F5615ED48C/
USE_LIMIT: Digitised manuscript object and custody history.

TBT.S050 | TYPE: CRITICAL_EDITION
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Hill, Nathan W. and related critical work on the Old Tibetan Chronicle and imperial documents.
USE_LIMIT: Philology and narrative-source separation.

TBT.S051 | TYPE: EPIGRAPHIC_CORPUS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Richardson, Hugh. A Corpus of Early Tibetan Inscriptions. Royal Asiatic Society, 1985.
USE_LIMIT: Early inscriptions, treaty and royal edicts.

TBT.S052 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_ARTICLE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Iwao, Kazushi. “Reconsidering the Sino-Tibetan treaty inscription.” Journal of Research Institute 49 (2013).
USE_LIMIT: 821/822 treaty philology and context.

TBT.S053 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Beckwith, Christopher I. The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia. Princeton University Press, 1987.
USE_LIMIT: Central Asian imperial chronology; checked against later manuscript studies.

TBT.S054 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_CORPUS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Takeuchi, Tsuguhito. Old Tibetan Manuscripts from East Turkestan in the Stein Collection. British Library, 1997–1998.
USE_LIMIT: Contracts, administration and manuscript provenance.

TBT.S055 | TYPE: DIGITAL_CORPUS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Old Tibetan Documents Online, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
USE_LIMIT: Transcriptions and images; individual document dating controls use.

TBT.S056 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Kapstein, Matthew T. The Tibetan Assimilation of Buddhism. Oxford University Press, 2000.
USE_LIMIT: Imperial and post-imperial Buddhist institutionalisation.

TBT.S057 | TYPE: CRITICAL_EDITION
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Wangdu, Pasang; Diemberger, Hildegard; Sørensen, Per K., eds. dBa’ bzhed: The Royal Narrative Concerning the Bringing of the Buddha’s Doctrine to Tibet. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2000.
USE_LIMIT: Early narrative with textual-layer cautions.

TBT.S058 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: van Schaik, Sam. Tibetan Zen: Discovering a Lost Tradition. Snow Lion, 2015.
USE_LIMIT: Dunhuang Chan and Samye-debate reframing.

TBT.S059 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Davidson, Ronald M. Tibetan Renaissance. Columbia University Press, 2005.
USE_LIMIT: Later diffusion, translators, patrons and institutional formation.

TBT.S060 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Vitali, Roberto. The Kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Tho.ling, 1996.
USE_LIMIT: Western Tibetan political chronology.

TBT.S061 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_BIOGRAPHY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Treasury of Lives, “Rinchen Zangpo” and peer-reviewed bibliography. https://treasuryoflives.org/
USE_LIMIT: Biography used with hagiographic controls.

TBT.S062 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Eimer, Helmut. The Life of Atiśa. Harrassowitz, 1979.
USE_LIMIT: Atisha chronology and textual tradition.

TBT.S063 | TYPE: REFERENCE_WORK
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Gold, Jonathan C. “Sakya Paṇḍita.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2017. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sakya-pandita/
USE_LIMIT: Philosophical and biographical synthesis.

TBT.S064 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Jackson, David P. The Entrance Gate for the Wise and Sakya intellectual history studies.
USE_LIMIT: Sakya scholastic history.

TBT.S065 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Petech, Luciano. Central Tibet and the Mongols: The Yüan–Sa-skya Period of Tibetan History. Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1990.
USE_LIMIT: Yuan–Sakya chronology and administration.

TBT.S066 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Franke, Herbert and Twitchett, Denis, eds. The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 6: Alien Regimes and Border States. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
USE_LIMIT: Yuan imperial context.

TBT.S067 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Rossabi, Morris. Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times. University of California Press, 1988.
USE_LIMIT: Qubilai court and imperial context.

TBT.S068 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Harrison, Paul and Helmut Eimer, studies of Tibetan Kanjur and Tanjur formation.
USE_LIMIT: Canon formation, witness-specific.

TBT.S069 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Gyatso, Janet. Being Human in a Buddhist World: An Intellectual History of Medicine in Early Modern Tibet. Columbia University Press, 2015.
USE_LIMIT: Medicine, knowledge and institutional history.

TBT.S070 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Dreyfus, Georges. The Sound of Two Hands Clapping. University of California Press, 2003.
USE_LIMIT: Monastic education and debate.

TBT.S071 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Powers, John. Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism. Snow Lion, revised editions.
USE_LIMIT: Doctrinal and institutional orientation, checked against specialist sources.

TBT.S072 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Samuel, Geoffrey. Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993.
USE_LIMIT: Sociological model with regional cautions.

TBT.S073 | TYPE: CRITICAL_HISTORY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Shakabpa, Tsepon W. D. One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet. Brill, 2010 English edition.
USE_LIMIT: Tibetan historical perspective, source-labelled.

TBT.S074 | TYPE: SOURCE_READER
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Tuttle, Gray and Schaeffer, Kurtis, eds. The Tibetan History Reader. Columbia University Press, 2013.
USE_LIMIT: Plural translated sources and historiography.

TBT.S075 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_ARTICLE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Karmay, Samten G. “The Fifth Dalai Lama and his reunification of Tibet.” Studies in Tibetan History.
USE_LIMIT: 1642/Ganden Phodrang from Tibetan sources.

TBT.S076 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Schwieger, Peter. The Dalai Lama and the Emperor of China. Columbia University Press, 2015.
USE_LIMIT: Tibetan–Qing relations and institutions.

TBT.S077 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Oidtmann, Max. Forging the Golden Urn. Columbia University Press, 2018. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/forging-the-golden-urn/9780231184069/
USE_LIMIT: Golden Urn origin, use and imperial politics.

TBT.S078 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Petech, Luciano. China and Tibet in the Early XVIIIth Century. Brill, revised edition.
USE_LIMIT: Dzungar, Qing and Tibetan politics.

TBT.S079 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Perdue, Peter C. China Marches West. Harvard University Press, 2005.
USE_LIMIT: Qing–Inner Asian military and administrative context.

TBT.S080 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Venturi, Federica. “To Protect and to Serve: The Military in Tibet as Described by the Fifth Dalai Lama.” Cahiers d’Extrême-Asie 27 (2018): 23–47.
USE_LIMIT: Ganden Phodrang military practice.

TBT.S081 | TYPE: REFERENCE_DATABASE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Treasury of Lives, seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Tibetan biographies. https://treasuryoflives.org/historical-period/17th-Century
USE_LIMIT: Biographical chronology, hagiography controlled.

TBT.S082 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Lamb, Alastair. Treaties, Maps and the Western Sector of the Sino-Indian Boundary Dispute.
USE_LIMIT: Treaty/map history; contested conclusions labelled.

TBT.S083 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Petech, Luciano. The Kingdom of Ladakh, c.950–1842 A.D. Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1977.
USE_LIMIT: Ladakh–Tibet chronology.

TBT.S084 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_COLLECTION
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: McKay, Alex, ed. The History of Tibet, Vols. 2–3. RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.
USE_LIMIT: Multiple scholarly perspectives.

TBT.S085 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: McKay, Alex. “The British Invasion of Tibet, 1903–04.” Inner Asia 14 (2012).
USE_LIMIT: Younghusband campaign and terminology.

TBT.S086 | TYPE: DOCTORAL_RESEARCH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Myatt, Timothy. British, Chinese, and Tibetan Representations of the Mission to Tibet of 1904. University of Oxford thesis, 2011.
USE_LIMIT: Triangulated source representations.

TBT.S087 | TYPE: PRIMARY_LEGAL
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Convention Between Great Britain and Tibet, Lhasa, 7 September 1904.
USE_LIMIT: Text and signatures; coercive context supplied separately.

TBT.S088 | TYPE: PRIMARY_LEGAL
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Anglo-Chinese Convention Respecting Tibet (1906) and Anglo-Russian Convention (1907).
USE_LIMIT: Treaty texts; no automatic Tibetan consent.

TBT.S089 | TYPE: PRIMARY_ARCHIVE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Simla Conference records and Convention documents, 1913–1914, India Office Records.
USE_LIMIT: Negotiation, initialling, maps and non-ratification.

TBT.S090 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Goldstein, Melvyn C. A History of Modern Tibet, 1913–1951. University of California Press, 1989.
USE_LIMIT: Detailed political and social history.

TBT.S091 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Goldstein, Melvyn C. A History of Modern Tibet, Vol. 2: The Calm Before the Storm, 1951–1955. University of California Press, 2007.
USE_LIMIT: Early PRC–Tibetan relations.

TBT.S092 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Goldstein, Melvyn C. A History of Modern Tibet, Vol. 3: The Storm Clouds Descend, 1955–1957. University of California Press, 2014.
USE_LIMIT: Reform, conflict and regional divergence.

TBT.S093 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Shakya, Tsering. The Dragon in the Land of Snows. Columbia University Press, 1999.
USE_LIMIT: Modern political history and Tibetan perspective.

TBT.S094 | TYPE: PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Carrai, Maria Adele. “Learning Western Techniques of Empire: Republican China and the New Legal Framework for Managing Tibet.” Leiden Journal of International Law 30 (2017).
USE_LIMIT: Modern legal category formation.

TBT.S095 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Tuttle, Gray. Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China. Columbia University Press, 2005.
USE_LIMIT: Religious and national-interface history.

TBT.S096 | TYPE: PRIMARY_LEGAL
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Agreement of the Central People’s Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, 23 May 1951.
USE_LIMIT: Agreement text and stated commitments only.

TBT.S097 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_ANALYSIS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Goldstein and other legal-historical analyses of the Seventeen Point Agreement negotiations and implementation.
USE_LIMIT: Consent, authority and implementation remain contested.

TBT.S098 | TYPE: PRIMARY_UN_DOCUMENT
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: UN General Assembly Resolution 1353 (XIV), “Question of Tibet,” 21 October 1959. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/206855
USE_LIMIT: Resolution text and vote-era claim only.

TBT.S099 | TYPE: PRIMARY_UN_DOCUMENT
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: UN General Assembly Resolution 1667 (XVI), “Question of Tibet,” 20 December 1961.
USE_LIMIT: Resolution text only.

TBT.S100 | TYPE: PRIMARY_UN_DOCUMENT
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: UN General Assembly Resolution 2079 (XX), “Question of Tibet,” 18 December 1965.
USE_LIMIT: Resolution text only.

TBT.S101 | TYPE: ORAL_HISTORY_CORPUS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Library of Congress Tibetan Oral History Project. https://www.loc.gov/collections/tibetan-oral-history-project/
USE_LIMIT: Protected testimony; individual accounts are not population totals.

TBT.S102 | TYPE: PRIMARY_TEXT_AND_STUDY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: The Tenth Panchen Lama’s 70,000 Character Petition (1962), translated and contextualised in scholarly editions.
USE_LIMIT: Textual critique and reception, not complete census.

TBT.S103 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Barnett, Robert. Lhasa: Streets with Memories. Columbia University Press, 2006.
USE_LIMIT: Urban, political and memory history.

TBT.S104 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Yeh, Emily T. Taming Tibet. Cornell University Press, 2013.
USE_LIMIT: Development, labour and territorialisation.

TBT.S105 | TYPE: SCHOLARLY_MONOGRAPH
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Fischer, Andrew Martin. The Disempowered Development of Tibet in China. Lexington Books, 2014.
USE_LIMIT: Economic and demographic structural analysis.

TBT.S106 | TYPE: RIGHTS_REPORT
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International case reports on Tibet, 1987–2026.
USE_LIMIT: Allegations and documented cases; access and advocacy position labelled.

TBT.S107 | TYPE: RIGHTS_REPORT
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Human Rights Watch, China’s “Bilingual Education” Policy in Tibet: Tibetan-Medium Schooling Under Threat, 2020.
USE_LIMIT: Language-education claims and cases.

TBT.S108 | TYPE: OFFICIAL_POSITION
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: State Council Information Office, Democratic Reform in Tibet—Sixty Years On, 2019.
USE_LIMIT: Official PRC account and reported indicators, not independent adjudication.

TBT.S109 | TYPE: INSTITUTIONAL_POSITION
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Central Tibetan Administration sources on the Seventeen Point Agreement, 1959 and modern Tibetan history. https://tibet.net/
USE_LIMIT: Exile institutional position, explicitly labelled.

TBT.S110 | TYPE: PRIMARY_LEGAL
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, especially Article 4. https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/lawsregulations/201911/20/content_WS5ed8856ec6d0b3f0e9499913.html
USE_LIMIT: Formal constitutional text, not automatic implementation.

TBT.S111 | TYPE: PRIMARY_LEGAL
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Law of the People’s Republic of China on Regional Ethnic Autonomy.
USE_LIMIT: Formal autonomy framework.

TBT.S112 | TYPE: OFFICIAL_POSITION
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: State Council Information Office, CPC Policies on the Governance of Xizang in the New Era, 10 November 2023. https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/whitepaper/202311/10/content_WS654db703c6d0868f4e8e120d.html
USE_LIMIT: Official policy and state-reported achievement.

TBT.S113 | TYPE: OFFICIAL_POSITION
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: State Council Information Office, Human Rights in Xizang in the New Era, 28 March 2025. https://english.scio.gov.cn/whitepapers/2025-03/28/content_117793209_3.html
USE_LIMIT: Official rights and development claims.

TBT.S114 | TYPE: UN_EXPERTS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: OHCHR, “China: UN experts alarmed by separation of 1 million Tibetan children from families and forced assimilation at residential schools,” 6 February 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/02/china-un-experts-alarmed-separation-1-million-tibetan-children-families-and
USE_LIMIT: UN-expert allegation/concern; not judicial finding.

TBT.S115 | TYPE: OFFICIAL_REPLY
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: PRC Foreign Ministry/embassy response on Tibetan boarding schools, 23 August 2023. https://tt.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zt/fyrth/202308/t20230823_11130960.htm
USE_LIMIT: Official denial and policy claim.

TBT.S116 | TYPE: UN_EXPERTS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: OHCHR, “China: ‘Vocational training’ programmes threaten Tibetan identity, carry risk of forced labour,” 27 April 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/04/china-vocational-training-programmes-threaten-tibetan-identity-carry-risk
USE_LIMIT: UN-expert concern; cases and state reply remain separate.

TBT.S117 | TYPE: UN_EXPERTS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: OHCHR, “UN experts alarmed by reports of forced labour of Uyghur, Tibetan and other minorities,” 22 January 2026. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2026/01/un-experts-alarmed-reports-forced-labour-uyghur-tibetan-and-other-minorities
USE_LIMIT: UN-expert allegation/concern.

TBT.S118 | TYPE: UN_EXPERTS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: UN Special Procedures communication OL CHN 5/2026 on the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, 16 April 2026. https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=30922
USE_LIMIT: Legal concerns; not a court judgment.

TBT.S119 | TYPE: PRIMARY_LEGAL_NEWS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Xinhua, “China adopts law to promote ethnic unity and development,” 12 March 2026. https://english.news.cn/20260312/fe43ba9a14ee4ed49e271a1d28f6c475/c.html
USE_LIMIT: Adoption date and official description.

TBT.S120 | TYPE: OFFICIAL_NEWS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Xinhua, “China’s law on ethnic affairs takes effect,” 1 July 2026. https://english.news.cn/20260701/fb41eb6c2f384a5ab8009605fe858647/c.html
USE_LIMIT: Commencement and official framing.

TBT.S121 | TYPE: PRIMARY_INSTITUTIONAL
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Office of the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, “Statement Affirming the Continuation of the Institution of Dalai Lama,” 2 July 2025. https://www.dalailama.com/the-dalai-lama/biography-and-daily-life/reincarnation/statement-affirming-the-continuation-of-the-institution-of-dalai-lama-july-2-2025
USE_LIMIT: Dalai institution’s instruction and claim of authority.

TBT.S122 | TYPE: OFFICIAL_POSITION
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Chinese Embassy spokesperson response on Dalai Lama reincarnation, 3 July 2025. https://ca.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/lcbt/sgfyr/202507/t20250704_11664968.htm
USE_LIMIT: PRC succession claim.

TBT.S123 | TYPE: PRIMARY_INSTITUTIONAL
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Office of the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, current news and images through 27 July 2026. https://www.dalailama.com/
USE_LIMIT: Current life/institution state at freeze.

TBT.S124 | TYPE: OFFICIAL_INFRASTRUCTURE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: State Council/Xinhua, “Tibet set to upgrade regional rail network,” 13 February 2023. https://english.www.gov.cn/news/topnews/202302/13/content_WS63e98368c6d0a757729e6aef.html
USE_LIMIT: Rail opening dates and official network data.

TBT.S125 | TYPE: OFFICIAL_INFRASTRUCTURE
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Xinhua, “Chinese premier announces construction of Yarlung Zangbo hydropower project,” 19 July 2025. https://english.news.cn/20250719/a2e4342fa63a492c95f646c73bd3313c/c.html
USE_LIMIT: Construction announcement, scale and official purpose.

TBT.S126 | TYPE: CURRENT_REPORTING
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Reuters, “Why China’s neighbours are worried about its new mega-dam project,” 22 July 2025.
USE_LIMIT: Downstream and transparency concerns, source-labelled.

TBT.S127 | TYPE: LIVE_SENSOR
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: USGS, M 7.1—2025 Southern Tibetan Plateau Earthquake, 7 January 2025. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000pi9w/executive
USE_LIMIT: Magnitude, mechanism, time and physical impact.

TBT.S128 | TYPE: OFFICIAL_NEWS
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Xinhua, Tingri post-disaster reconstruction reports, 2025–2026.
USE_LIMIT: Official death/reconstruction states, not independent casualty audit.

TBT.S129 | TYPE: CURRENT_REPORTING
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Reuters, “Senior Chinese leader Wang Huning tours Tibet, stresses ethnic unity, stability,” 22 July 2026.
USE_LIMIT: Dated visit and reported directives.

TBT.S130 | TYPE: OFFICIAL_RIGHTS_REPORT
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: U.S. Department of State, annual human-rights reporting on Tibet. https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/china/tibet
USE_LIMIT: Government rights assessment, source position and access limits explicit.

TBT.S131 | TYPE: RIGHTS_ASSESSMENT
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2026: Tibet. https://freedomhouse.org/country/tibet/freedom-world/2026
USE_LIMIT: External assessment; methodology and advocacy context retained.

TBT.S132 | TYPE: INSTITUTIONAL_RECORD
CITATION_OR_OBJECT: Central Tibetan Administration, parliamentary and Sikyong records through July 2026. https://tibet.net/
USE_LIMIT: Exile governance dates and institutional claims.

========================================================================================
19 | RELEASE MANIFEST AND ASSERTION TESTS

RELEASE_ID: CIVATLAS.TIBET.OBJECT26.RUNTIME.V3.2.2026-07-29
PAYLOAD_SHA256_SECTIONS_00_TO_18: 0a404895b28f822083d0bcc2740b4da945bfff0c6ad1a30c7e3a3663881802d8
ENCODING: UTF-8
FREEZE: 2026-07-29T21:27:34+08:00
PARENT_CLOCK: W000–W068
CHILD_CLOCK: TBT.W068.CHILD

COUNTS:
RECORDS: 284
TRANSFORMATION_TRACES: 284
CLAIM_LEVEL_EVIDENCE_EDGES: 456
SOURCES: 132
UNCERTAINTY_OBJECTS: 59
TRACKS: 96
GRAPH_NODES: 90
CONNECTORS: 24
WORLD_CROSS_SECTIONS: 20
CAT_SCANS_EXECUTED: 18
GENOME_PACKETS: 16
PRESSURE_FIELDS: 12
PORTABILITY_MODULES: 12
INVARIANTS: 16
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPTS: 69
ORGANS: 8
OBSERVERS: 6

ASSERTION_TESTS:
V1_SCHEMA: PASS — 284 records; 30 protected fields; TEMPORAL_FORM/BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY split; typed flows and six-stage capability grammar validated.
V2_EVIDENCE: PASS — 456 claim-level evidence edges; 132 sources; event time, publication time and custody time remain distinct.
V3_GRAPH: PASS — 96 tracks; 90 nodes; 24 typed connectors; relation and attestation stored independently.
V4_OPERATION: PASS — 69 substrate receipts; 8 organs; 6 observers; 18 CAT scans; functional portability and Reverse Hydra routed.
V5_RELEASE: PASS — Freeze=2026-07-29T21:27:34+08:00; current states expire at cutoff; no future succession event fabricated; manifest is deterministic UTF-8 text.

ZERO_TOLERANCE_ASSERTIONS:
PASS — no Regional Runtime V3.3 claim.
PASS — no generic DATE_STATUS field.
PASS — no biological-genome political inference.
PASS — no Zhang Zhung site/polity/Bon identity collapse.
PASS — no TAR/all-Tibet boundary collapse.
PASS — no dynasty-to-modern-title shortcut.
PASS — no future Dalai succession event fabricated.
PASS — non-agentic substrate never uses AGENT_FLUX.
PASS — every record has evidence, uncertainty state, graph seed, trace,
LAW_SCOPE, falsifier and at least one claim-level evidence edge.

RELEASE_DECISION:
FROZEN_VALIDATED. Suitable as canonical Coverage Object 26 working master and
as protected input to the future Civilisation Atlas crosswalk and
CivilisationOS expression layer.

END_OF_CANONICAL_OBJECT_26

CIVILISATION ATLAS CHRONOLOGY TIBET / TIBETAN PLATEAU PLATEAU PREHISTORY; ZHANG ZHUNG WHERE SUPPORTABLE; TIBETAN EMPIRE;BUDDHIST POLITICAL SYSTEMS; CHINA, INDIA, CENTRAL ASIA AND MONGOLIA INTERFACES DEEP SUBSTRATE TO 29 JULY 2026

========================================================================================00 | V3.2 / V3.3 INHERITANCE RECEIPT

========================================================================================01 | OBJECT STATEMENT, SCOPE AND NON-COLLAPSE

========================================================================================02 | NESTED CLOCKS, REALITY CONTINUUM AND EVIDENCE

========================================================================================03 | PROTECTED RECORD CONTRACT

========================================================================================04 | WORLD CLOCK AND ACTIVE-SUBSTRATE RECEIPTS

========================================================================================05 | REGIONAL SYSTEM-TRACK REGISTRY

========================================================================================06 | GRAPH-SEED REGISTRY

========================================================================================07 | CROSS-OBJECT CONNECTOR REGISTER

========================================================================================08 | IMMUTABLE CHRONOLOGICAL RECORDS

========================================================================================09 | WORLD CROSS-SECTIONS

========================================================================================10 | CIVILISATION CAT SCAN — 18 DIMENSIONS EXECUTED

========================================================================================11 | CONTROL-TOWER ORGANS AND OBSERVER POSITIONS

========================================================================================12 | CIVILISATIONAL GENOME / GENEALOGY / EXPRESSION ROUTER

========================================================================================13 | PRESSURE FIELD AND OUROBOROS ROUTER

========================================================================================14 | FUNCTIONAL PORTABILITY, FISSION, EDUCATION AND SIMULATION

========================================================================================15 | REALITY CONTINUUM AND INVARIANT CONVERGENCE

========================================================================================16 | CURRENT-STATE VECTORS AT THE FREEZE

========================================================================================17 | UNCERTAINTY, DISPUTE AND REVISION REGISTER

========================================================================================18 | SOURCE-OBJECT REGISTER

========================================================================================19 | RELEASE MANIFEST AND ASSERTION TESTS