The 2,000-word list for Age 19
A reference for teens and young adults exploring words independently or with support. The 2,000 entries are choices for reading and conversation, not a requirement for Age 19. Advanced entries are optional specialist extensions. Age guidance.
Beginner 1–443 · Intermediate 444–1192 · Advanced 1193–2000 · How to use the bank · Vocabulary growth: why, what and how
Words run alphabetically within each band. Use the letter links or your browser’s Find in Page to locate a word. Every entry is visible below. On smaller screens, swipe a table sideways if needed.
Move through this 24-age collection: All 2,000-word lists by age (1–24) · Previous: Age 18 · Next: Age 20 · How to use this bank. These are reference choices, not age-based word quotas.
Beginner: words 1–443
A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O · P · R · S · T · U · V · W · Y · Z
| Sequence and initial | Words, in sequence |
|---|---|
| 0001–0004 · A | activewear, alcohol, ale, audiovisual |
| 0005–0024 · B | backscratcher, bakeshop, barroom, beachball, bedframe, bedspring, beer, biltong, birdcall, bitters, blancmange, blusher, bookstore, bottlecap, bowtie, brat, brewpub, brickyard, brisket, bullhorn |
| 0025–0026 · B | butty, byroad |
| 0027–0046 · C | camo, campstool, canola, cappuccino, carbonara, casino, casket, caviar, cayenne, chainsaw, chairlift, champagne, cheeseboard, cheeseburger, chessboard, chessman, chipolata, chipotle, chow, clingfilm |
| 0047–0062 · C | clip-on, clubhouse, cocktail, codfish, coffeehouse, coffin, cologne, concoction, condo, cookhouse, cookstove, cosmetic, course, crabmeat, crossroad, cubicle |
| 0063–0077 · D | deathbed, deathtrap, decaf, decal, dime, doorknocker, doornail, dorm, double-decker, drinkable, drive-in, drydock, dustcloth, dustmop, dustrag |
| 0078–0080 · E | eggwhisk, entranceway, eveningwear |
| 0081–0096 · F | fatback, firehouse, firetrap, fixer-upper, flyswat, foglamp, footage, footbath, footgear, footlocker, formalwear, four-poster, frangipane, frankfurter, fricassee, fruitcake |
| 0097–0107 · G | gameboard, getup, ghee, gingersnap, goalmouth, gourd, granadilla, groundsheet, guardhouse, guardroom, gumshield |
| 0108–0127 · H | hairgrip, hairpiece, hamburger, handbasket, handcuff, handgrip, handrest, handwear, hanky, hardcover, hardtack, haricot, hatchback, hatpin, headstone, highball, highchair, hindquarter, hock, hollandaise |
| 0128–0141 · H | homebrew, homeroom, homestretch, horseradish, horseshoe, hosepipe, hotchpotch, hotdog, hourglass, houselights, housetop, huckleberry, hula-hoop, hyssop |
| 0142–0147 · I | icebox, icehouse, icepick, inkpad, inkpot, inset |
| 0148–0157 · J | jack-in-the-box, jackknife, jailhouse, jalapeno, jamjar, jampot, javelin, jujube, jukebox, junket |
| 0158–0160 · K | ketchup, kitbag, knockoff |
| 0161–0180 · L | lager, langoustine, lasso, leatherette, legging, lifesaver, lighter, limeade, limo, lingerie, lingonberry, lipstick, liqueur, liquor, liquorice, litterbin, liverwurst, lockbox, lockup, lotion |
| 0181–0186 · L | lounger, loungewear, lovage, lumbermill, luncheon, lunchroom |
| 0187–0206 · M | macaroon, mantel, margarine, marinade, marinara, mascara, matchbook, matchstick, maxi, meatloaf, merry-go-round, metronome, microbrewery, mincemeat, mincer, mineshaft, minibar, minibike, minicab, miniskirt |
| 0207–0216 · M | minivan, monkfish, morgue, mothball, motorboat, motorbus, motorcoach, mousetrap, mugshot, mutton |
| 0217–0227 · N | nailfile, neckband, neckwear, nightclothes, nightclub, nightie, nightspot, nightwear, noisemaker, nosh-up, numberplate |
| 0228–0237 · O | off-roader, oilrig, oolong, orangeade, orphanage, outhouse, outsole, overgarment, overnighter, overshoe |
| 0238–0257 · P | pantsuit, pantyhose, paprika, parasol, parkway, pavlova, pegboard, penlight, peppermint, perishable, pigpen, pimento, pinstripe, pitchfork, pizzeria, plumcot, pocketbook, pocketcomb, pocketknife, podium |
| 0258–0267 · P | poker, polo-neck, poolroom, potluck, prefab, profiterole, pub, puck, push-bike, pushpin |
| 0268–0287 · R | radicchio, ragbag, ragout, railcar, railyard, raita, rarebit, rarity, ration, repast, replica, restroom, rissole, roadblock, roadster, rockery, romaine, roughage, roulette, roux |
| 0288–0290 · R | rum, rung, rutabaga |
| 0291–0310 · S | saltshaker, samosa, sandpile, sangria, sarsaparilla, saucepot, saveloy, scampi, schnitzel, schoolhouse, schoolroom, screwtop, scrubs, seafood, seltzer, shaker, shandy, sheath, sherbet, sherry |
| 0311–0330 · S | shinpad, shirtdress, shirtsleeve, shirttail, shoebox, shoehorn, shoestring, shopwindow, shortcake, shortening, showpiece, shuttlecock, sirloin, skyscraper, skywalk, slacks, sleepwear, slingback, slingshot, slip-on |
| 0331–0350 · S | slipknot, slipover, snowboard, snowsuit, snuffbox, soapbox, sockeye, soupspoon, sparkler, spatchcock, spritzer, spyglass, spyhole, steakhouse, steamboat, stereo, stewpan, stockcar, stockfish, stodge |
| 0351–0369 · S | straightedge, strapless, streusel, strongbox, stuffing, subwoofer, succotash, summerhouse, sunblind, sunbonnet, sundress, sundries, sunlamp, sunporch, sunroof, sustenance, sweatpants, sweatsuit, swimwear |
| 0370–0389 · T | taffy, tapenade, tarmac, tartlet, tattoo, taxicab, teacup, teahouse, teakettle, tearoom, teashop, tenderloin, tequila, teriyaki, textile, thimble, thriftshop, thumbhole, thumbtack, tiffin |
| 0390–0406 · T | tinfoil, tinsel, tiramisu, tisane, toiletry, tollbooth, tomatillo, toolshed, topknot, toyshop, tramcar, trapeze, turtleneck, tux, tweeter, two-piece, two-seater |
| 0407–0413 · U | underclothes, undergarment, underpants, undershirt, undies, urinal, utensil |
| 0414–0417 · V | venison, vermouth, videocassette, vodka |
| 0418–0437 · W | walkie-talkie, warship, washboard, wastebin, watchband, watchstrap, watchtower, wedgie, whisky, whitebait, wine, wineglass, winery, wintergreen, woodscrew, woodwork, woofer, workbag, workbasket, workbox |
| 0438–0439 · W | worktable, wraparound |
| 0440–0442 · Y | yam, yardstick, yo-yo |
| 0443–0443 · Z | zwieback |
Intermediate: words 444–1192
A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O · P · Q · R · S · T · U · V · W · Z
| Sequence and initial | Words, in sequence |
|---|---|
| 0444–0463 · A | accentual, acclivity, adobo, aerie, afghan, aglet, aioli, alpenstock, ambience, ambrosia, anaglyph, angelica, anisette, anthropomorphism, antipodes, apex, applejack, aquavit, archbishopric, archdiocese |
| 0464–0471 · A | armoire, aspic, atelier, audiocassette, audiotape, autobahn, autostrada, aventail |
| 0472–0491 · B | babka, bailey, bain-marie, bandbox, bandeau, banger, bannock, barbican, barong, barque, barrio, baster, battlefield, bayonet, bearskin, beignet, bell-bottoms, bellfounder, bellfoundry, bellpull |
| 0492–0511 · B | beltway, bezel, bidet, billfold, billhook, birchbark, bishopric, bling, blini, blockhouse, blowlamp, bluefin, bluefish, bobber, bodega, bologna, bolt-hole, bombproof, bookbindery, bookmobile |
| 0512–0531 · B | boondocks, bootjack, boudoir, bouillon, bourbon, boutonniere, bower, bowsprit, brandy, breadbasket, breastplate, breechloader, briar, bric-a-brac, briquette, britches, broadaxe, broadloom, broiler, buckboard |
| 0532–0541 · B | bucksaw, buckskins, bulkhead, bullpen, bullring, bung, bunker, burg, butchery, butterfish |
| 0542–0561 · C | cabana, caboose, cabstand, caisson, calabash, calliope, camelhair, candlesnuffer, capitol, capon, carabiner, carambola, carbine, carboy, cardcase, cardroom, carrel, catboat, catgut, cauldron |
| 0562–0581 · C | cellblock, centreboard, cesspit, cesspool, chamberpot, chapeau, checkroom, chervil, chevre, chimneypiece, chimneypot, chimneystack, chino, choc-ice, chuckhole, chukka, civvies, clambake, claret, clawhammer |
| 0582–0601 · C | claymore, clothespress, coffeecake, coffer, cofferdam, coho, collards, collectorship, columbarium, commemorator, companionway, confiture, containership, contrail, copperware, copra, cornfield, cornpone, corral, corsair |
| 0602–0615 · C | corvette, couchette, coverall, cowtown, crawlspace, creel, crenellation, cudgel, culotte, curatorial, curatorship, currycomb, customhouse, cyberart |
| 0616–0635 · D | dacha, dado, daggerboard, daiquiri, dashiki, declivity, deerstalker, demerara, demitasse, dentifrice, devoutness, diamante, dinette, diocese, dirigible, dirk, discotheque, discus, divot, dockage |
| 0636–0649 · D | doeskin, dog-iron, doohickey, dooryard, dory, drawers, dreadnought, dredge, dripstone, drop-off, dumbwaiter, dumpcart, dumpsite, duomo |
| 0650–0663 · E | eardrop, embayment, embouchure, embrasure, empennage, emplacement, end-stopped, entree, epee, equipage, escargot, eyebath, eyecup, eyeshot |
| 0664–0683 · F | fairway, fancywork, fatherland, fatigues, faubourg, feijoa, figurehead, filbert, fingerpaint, fingerstall, fireplug, firmament, flagstaff, flambeau, flashbulb, flashgun, flashpoint, flatboat, flatcar, flattop |
| 0684–0699 · F | flophouse, flybridge, flyway, footwall, ford, forecastle, foredeck, foremast, forepart, foresail, formation, fortification, four-in-hand, frigate, frontlet, fugu |
| 0700–0719 · G | gaff, gallows, garbanzo, garrison, gasfield, gasworks, geta, ghat, ghetto, gibbet, giblet, gin, go-cart, goldfield, golem, grail, grainfield, grapeshot, grapnel, grappa |
| 0720–0739 · G | graveyard, greasepaint, greenbelt, greengrocery, greenmarket, greenroom, greenway, greenwood, grenadine, grillroom, grillwork, groundnut, guillotine, gulag, gulf, gunboat, gunnysack, gunstock, gusher, gyro |
| 0740–0740 · G | gyroplane |
| 0741–0760 · H | hacienda, haft, halal, halberd, half-and-half, half-mast, halter, halyard, hammock, handbarrow, handchime, handloom, hardtop, harpoon, hatband, hatrack, hauberk, hawser, hayfork, haymow |
| 0761–0780 · H | hayrack, headpiece, hearse, hearthstone, hencoop, henroost, heronry, hi-fi, hipflask, hipline, hoagie, hobnail, hod, hogshead, hole-in-the-wall, holster, hoopskirt, horsemeat, hosiery, howdah |
| 0781–0782 · H | hurdy-gurdy, hushpuppy |
| 0783–0790 · I | immorality, impedimenta, inglenook, inpainting, ironclad, ironmongery, ironware, irreligious |
| 0791–0798 · J | jackboot, jag, jawbreaker, jigger, jitney, jook, julep, julienne |
| 0799–0814 · K | kampong, kasbah, kava, keelboat, ketch, khadi, kibble, kirk, kirpan, kirtle, klaxon, kneeler, kohl, kosher, kraal, kris |
| 0815–0834 · L | lacquerware, ladyfinger, laity, lakeshore, lanai, lance, lancet, landfall, landmass, lanolin, lariat, lateen, latrine, lawcourt, layette, lee, leghorn, libation, limekiln, liniment |
| 0835–0841 · L | locale, lockstitch, lodestar, loincloth, longbow, lox, lychgate |
| 0842–0861 · M | machete, macrocosm, magnum, mailboat, mainmast, mainsail, man-of-war, manacle, manger, manikin, maraschino, margarita, marquee, marrowbone, martingale, martini, massif, matchwood, materiel, maypole |
| 0862–0881 · M | mead, medina, meetinghouse, memorialisation, merchantman, mescal, mezzanine, midden, midfield, midland, millwork, mimeograph, mimosa, minefield, minelayer, minesweeper, minster, mizzen, mizzenmast, mobcap |
| 0882–0900 · M | moleskin, monocline, monocycle, monoplane, moorage, morello, morsel, mortarboard, motherland, muffle, munition, muscat, muscatel, museologist, museology, muskmelon, mystic, mystical, mysticism |
| 0901–0916 · N | nearside, neckpiece, negligee, nickelodeon, nightstick, ninepin, nonmoral, noose, northeast, northland, northwest, nosebag, noseband, nosegay, nugget, nutriment |
| 0917–0928 · O | occident, oeuvre, off-licence, offing, oilfield, ordnance, outport, outstation, ouzo, overprint, oxcart, oxford |
| 0929–0948 · P | packsack, packsaddle, palanquin, panfish, panopticon, pantheon, paperknife, paraphernalia, parasail, parsonage, parterre, pastis, patchouli, peghead, pekoe, pemmican, peplum, perambulator, percale, personification |
| 0949–0967 · P | phonological, pickerel, pilchard, pinetum, pitahaya, poi, polestar, porterhouse, pot-au-feu, potable, potpie, pottage, premises, princedom, provender, proximity, pueblo, pullet, purlieu |
| 0968–0968 · Q | quahog |
| 0969–0987 · R | relict, religiosity, remains, rickrack, ringside, ripcord, ripsaw, roadbed, roadhouse, roadstead, roaster, rockfish, roll-on, roomette, rotisserie, rowlock, rugelach, run-on, runabout |
| 0988–1007 · S | sabayon, sabre, sacramental, saddleback, saddlebow, saddlecloth, sailplane, salsify, saltbox, saltine, saltworks, sambuca, samovar, sandblaster, sandglass, sandlot, sapodilla, sassafras, sauerbraten, savoy |
| 1008–1027 · S | scarfpin, schoolyard, scimitar, scrod, sealskin, seaport, seaway, seine, semidesert, semigloss, semitrailer, serape, serger, setscrew, shackle, shambles, shantytown, sharkskin, sheepshank, sheikhdom |
| 1028–1047 · S | shelterbelt, shillelagh, shipside, shire, shirtfront, shirtwaist, shoetree, showboat, showplace, sidesaddle, sierra, signet, silverwork, sinker, skittle, skivvies, skullcap, skybox, skyrocket, skyway |
| 1048–1067 · S | slash, sleeper, smokescreen, smokestack, smoothbore, snaffle, snifter, softback, solitaire, souchong, soundpost, southeast, southland, southwest, spangle, sparerib, speakeasy, speedway, spinnaker, spittoon |
| 1068–1087 · S | splashboard, stateroom, steerage, stiletto, stirrup, stockade, stomacher, stovepipe, stowage, straightaway, straitjacket, streamliner, strongroom, strop, subcompact, subdivision, substructure, subtropics, sugarloaf, sugarplum |
| 1088–1095 · S | sunchoke, superhighway, superstructure, supertanker, suspender, sward, swatch, swizzle |
| 1096–1115 · T | talisman, tangelo, tangram, tapeline, tarot, tarpaulin, tater, taximeter, teacart, teeter-totter, teleprinter, terrycloth, tether, theremin, thong, tiepin, timberline, tinderbox, tinsnips, tipi |
| 1116–1135 · T | tipple, titbit, toad-in-the-hole, toastrack, tobacco, toddy, tomahawk, topmast, topsail, topside, touchline, toupee, tourer, tourtiere, towboat, towline, trappings, trestlework, tricolour, tricorne |
| 1136–1146 · T | trident, troika, troopship, trousseau, truncheon, trundle, turnbuckle, turnoff, turnup, turpentine, tutti-frutti |
| 1147–1154 · U | underbelly, underframe, underlayment, underside, undersurface, unguent, upside, uptown |
| 1155–1161 · V | varietal, viand, vicarage, vicinity, victual, vitrine, vol-au-vent |
| 1162–1181 · W | wainscot, waistcloth, wampum, wardroom, warhorse, wash-and-wear, waterskin, weighbridge, wellspring, wheatfield, wheelhouse, whereabouts, whetstone, whirligig, whirlybird, whitefish, wiener, wigwam, wildfowl, windjammer |
| 1182–1186 · W | winepress, wineskin, wonderland, woodenware, wort |
| 1187–1192 · Z | zabaglione, zeppelin, zinfandel, zodiac, zonal, zucchini |
Advanced — optional specialist reading: words 1193–2000
A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O · P · Q · R · S · T · U · V · W · X · Y · Z
| Sequence and initial | Words, in sequence |
|---|---|
| 1193–1212 · A | aba, afoxé, afters, agal, agateware, aigrette, aliment, allemande, alluvion, amapiano, anaptyxis, andiron, ankus, annulet, antanagoge, anticlericalism, antipodean, apadana, aquaplane, archdeaconry |
| 1213–1231 · A | armet, armguard, armilla, armonica, arrack, arras, ashcake, aspergill, aspersorium, assegai, assonantal, astragal, athanor, athenaeum, atole, autotype, axé, azonal, azonto |
| 1232–1251 · B | baba, backband, backsword, bagnio, baião, balbriggan, baldachin, balldress, balmoral, bambuco, banderilla, barbette, bareboat, bargello, barmbrack, barrelhouse, barrulet, basinet, bastille, battercake |
| 1252–1271 · B | battledore, batwing, bearnaise, becket, beechnut, bellarmine, bellyband, bema, ben, bendlet, berlin, besom, bethel, bezant, bicorne, bier, biggin, bigos, bijou, bikutsi |
| 1272–1291 · B | bilge, binnacle, bitok, bitt, biwa, blintz, bloater, blucher, bluebonnet, bock, bola, bolo, boneshaker, borage, bordelaise, bordure, bota, boucle, bourdon, bourguignon |
| 1292–1311 · B | bourn, bowknot, boysenberry, bracer, brae, brail, brandysnap, brassard, brassie, brattice, breastpin, breastwork, breechcloth, brickfield, brickkiln, bricole, bridoon, brigandine, brigantine, brilliantine |
| 1312–1323 · B | brisling, brisure, brochette, brogan, buffalofish, bullnose, burgoo, burnous, busby, buttercrunch, bypath, byrnie |
| 1324–1343 · C | cabasset, caber, cabinetwork, caff, calash, calceus, calcimine, calkin, calpac, calumet, camail, camion, camise, camlet, candlepin, cangue, canistel, cannikin, cantle, caparison |
| 1344–1363 · C | capote, cardoon, carillonist, carimbó, caroche, carrack, carrefour, cartobibliographic, cartobibliography, casaba, cascabel, casern, casque, cassareep, catafalque, cathedra, catling, cavetto, cellarage, cellaret |
| 1364–1383 · C | celtuce, cenobitism, cerecloth, cerement, chacarera, chalkpit, challis, chamfron, champaign, chantry, chapiter, chaplet, chapterhouse, charanga, charlotte, charterhouse, checkrein, cheekpiece, chequer, cherimoya |
| 1384–1403 · C | cherrystone, cheval-de-frise, chevronel, chitterlings, chlamys, chophouse, chopine, chorinho, choro, chowchow, chrism, chrisom, chronograph, cinerarium, cisco, citole, citrange, clabber, clarence, clavichordal |
| 1404–1423 · C | clavichordist, clavicytherium, clavier, clavietta, claviharp, claviola, clepsydra, clericalism, clericalist, clerisy, clingstone, coach-and-four, coalbin, coalhole, coalpit, coaming, coatdress, coatee, cock-a-leekie, cockade |
| 1424–1443 · C | cockhorse, cockleshell, cockloft, cocotte, cocoyam, cocozelle, codpiece, coenobite, coenobitic, coladeira, columbia, comfit, commemorable, congou, conservational, contrafagotto, conventicle, cookfire, copal, copestone |
| 1444–1463 · C | coquille, corbie-step, corncrib, corrida, cos, cosmography, costmary, cote, couchant, coulisse, counterchange, counterpoise, countinghouse, cowbarn, cowberry, cowcatcher, cowhouse, coxcomb, crappie, crenel |
| 1464–1483 · C | cretonne, cringle, croaker, crocket, crookneck, crosse, crossjack, crosstie, crownwork, cruet-stand, cruller, crumhorn, crupper, cruse, crystallophone, cubeb, cubitiere, cuddy, cueca, cuisse |
| 1484–1495 · C | cullis, culturalist, culverin, cupel, currulao, cushaw, cusk, cuspidation, cuspidor, cyclostyle, cyma, cymatium |
| 1496–1515 · D | damaru, dammar, dasheen, deaccession, deadeye, deadlight, deanery, decker, decolletage, deedbox, defilade, delft, dembow, demiglace, demijohn, dewberry, dhol, dholak, dhyangro, dickey |
| 1516–1535 · D | diggings, dixie, donjon, doodlebug, doojigger, dossal, dosshouse, doubletree, dowser, dragger, drawshave, dray, drey, drogue, droshky, drugget, drygoods, duckpin, dudeen, duff |
| 1536–1538 · D | dulciana, dulcimerist, durbar |
| 1539–1558 · E | earth-closet, egg-and-dart, ekphrastic, electrophone, elemi, ell, elver, empyrean, enargeia, enginery, entrecote, entremets, entresol, eolith, eparchy, epauliere, episcopate, eremite, eremitism, erotesis |
| 1559–1562 · E | escarole, estaminet, etui, exarchate |
| 1563–1582 · F | fallboard, fanion, fastness, fauld, featheredge, felloe, felucca, fenestella, ferule, fess, fichu, fiddlestick, filature, finocchio, firedog, firelock, fireroom, firestone, firkin, fitment |
| 1583–1602 · F | flashboard, flatwork, fleapit, flitch, footstall, fore-and-after, fore-topmast, fore-topsail, forequarter, foreshank, forestay, foretop, forró, fortepianist, fosse, foulard, fraise, frevo, fricandeau, frumenty |
| 1603–1606 · F | funaná, furbelow, fusain, fusil |
| 1607–1624 · G | gardant, genip, genipap, genoise, ghatam, gigot, glogg, glottochronology, gobbet, goober, gqom, grammaticalisation, grammaticality, granthi, graticule, grissino, guaguancó, guanabana |
| 1625–1644 · H | hachure, hackberry, hardbake, haslet, haurient, headcheese, heritagisation, hiatal, hierophant, hierophantic, hindshank, hoecake, holystone, homoeoteleuton, horehound, horsepond, huayno, hydraulophone, hydromel, hypermeter |
| 1645–1646 · H | hypophora, hyson |
| 1647–1666 · I | indlamu, intrazonal, irredenta, irreligion, isallobar, isallotherm, isarithm, isobase, isobathic, isochrone, isochronic, isoclinal, isocline, isogeotherm, isoglossal, isogonic, isohaline, isohel, isohyetal, isolume |
| 1667–1670 · I | isopleth, isoplethic, isopycnal, isopycnic |
| 1671–1675 · J | jaboticaba, johnnycake, joropo, juneberry, justiciary |
| 1676–1688 · K | kalimba, kanjira, khol, kickshaw, kingfish, kirsch, kishke, kizomba, kuduro, kumis, kummel, kvass, kwaito |
| 1689–1708 · L | laic, laicisation, laicise, lamellophone, langouste, lekvar, lexicologist, ley, likembe, liman, limpa, lingcod, linguica, littleneck, liuqin, llanero, llano, lobscouse, loxodrome, loxodromic |
| 1709–1709 · L | lutefisk |
| 1710–1729 · M | macedoine, madal, madrilene, makossa, maleficent, malmsey, mamey, mapalé, maracatu, marang, marc, marchland, marchpane, marinera, mascle, matelote, maxixe, mbira, memorialist, metathetic |
| 1730–1747 · M | metheglin, milt, mombin, monachism, monumentalisation, monumentalism, monumentality, morna, mostaccioli, mudcat, muscadine, museal, musealisation, museographer, museographic, museography, museological, muskellunge |
| 1748–1755 · N | naal, nagara, naiant, ndombolo, negus, nombril, nonmaleficence, nonpareil |
| 1756–1761 · O | oleomargarine, orle, orthodrome, orthodromic, outthrust, oxheart |
| 1762–1781 · P | pabulum, pachanga, pagode, pakhawaj, pandowdy, pantsula, pap, paragoge, passant, pathetic, pathopoeia, patriarchate, patrimonialism, penetralium, penuche, perry, phonaesthetic, phonaesthetics, phonographic, phonotactic |
| 1782–1800 · P | pianette, pianism, pianistic, pietism, pietist, pietistic, pigswill, pigweed, pinole, pipa, placer, plage, polynya, pompano, porro, preservationism, prothesis, provenience, pyrophone |
| 1801–1804 · Q | qanun, quag, quietism, quietist |
| 1805–1824 · R | reconstructionism, reconstructionist, reconstructor, regardant, repatriable, restitutional, restitutionary, restorationism, restorationist, rhumb, rigout, rooftree, ropewalk, rosary, rosemaling, rouleau, rowel, ruan, rudderstock, rumbera |
| 1825–1830 · R | rumbero, rummer, rundle, rushlight, rustre, rya |
| 1831–1850 · S | sabot, sacerdotal, sacerdotalism, sacramentalism, sacramentalist, sacramentality, safehold, sallet, salsera, salsero, saltire, sambista, sandarac, sanshin, sanxian, sanza, sarcenet, satinet, save-all, saya |
| 1851–1870 · S | scantling, scauper, scuffer, scyphus, seabag, seidel, sejant, semanticist, semba, sennit, sepulture, serigraph, setline, shadowgraph, shako, sharpie, shay, sheeprun, shimmy, shipway |
| 1871–1890 · S | shirtwaister, shoofly, shook, shrimper, shunter, side-wheeler, silesia, simulacrum, singlestick, skep, skibob, skidpan, skyhook, skysail, slideway, slipstick, slopshop, sluicegate, smeltery, snapline |
| 1891–1910 · S | snuggery, socle, soddy, sonero, soukous, soutache, spanker, spikenard, spile, spillikin, spinetist, splasher, sprag, sprit, spritsail, square-rigger, squib, stabile, staddle, stalking-horse |
| 1911–1930 · S | stammel, stamper, standee, stanhope, statant, staysail, steelyard, stem-winder, stereophony, sternwheeler, stickpin, stob, stockhorn, stoep, stoup, strake, strickle, subbase, sudatorium, sunsuit |
| 1931–1944 · S | superficies, supplejack, surbase, surfboat, surprint, surrey, surtout, sweatbox, swingletree, sylva, synaesthesia, synaesthetic, syncrisis, syntactician |
| 1945–1964 · T | tabi, taenia, taffrail, tagmeme, taiko, tailboard, tailfin, tailrace, talaria, tallith, tam-tam, tampion, tannoy, tapa, taphouse, tapis, tare, tasset, taw, tawse |
| 1965–1983 · T | tchotchke, teetotum, telephotograph, teletypewriter, telfer, tenoroon, tenpin, terreplein, tessella, testiere, testudo, tete-a-tete, tetraskele, thavil, tiltyard, timba, tinku, tressure, tsuzumi |
| 1984–1984 · U | udu |
| 1985–1987 · V | versant, virginalist, volant |
| 1988–1991 · W | welkin, whin, whinstone, wold |
| 1992–1993 · X | xaxado, xote |
| 1994–1996 · Y | yambú, yangqin, yueqin |
| 1997–2000 · Z | zamacueca, zamba, zonality, zonule |
Using this bank
Understand what a place, object or cultural description is actually telling you.
The complete list is above. Go to age guidance, the practical method, definitions and examples, common problems, frequent questions or all published age banks.
A museum label, a menu or an account of an unfamiliar neighbourhood can be clear until one word stops you. That word may name a material, a cooking vessel, a kind of building or a decision about a collection. Begin with the question you came to answer. You can enjoy the place or object while checking the particular term that matters.
A useful word lets you describe what you noticed, ask a more specific question or understand an explanation you would otherwise skim. Keep the words that connect with your interests and leave the others available.
Save the example as well as the definition. ‘A glass display case in this gallery’ gives vitrine a setting you can return to. If you later meet the word in a different kind of display, compare the two uses. The aim is to make the information easier to understand and easier to share.
What Age 19 means here
The Institute of Education Sciences practice guide Organizing Instruction and Study to Improve Student Learning includes postsecondary study in its stated scope. It recommends revisiting learning over time, using recall and asking questions that require an explanation. These principles support checking a useful word again after the first encounter. They do not validate this selection, its age label or a requirement to learn 2,000 words. Institute of Education Sciences: Organizing Instruction and Study to Improve Student Learning.
Age 19 marks this volume in the Teen/Young Adult sequence. It is not an attainment standard. Earlier volumes already hold many everyday entries, so this non-repeating bank includes specialist and historical vocabulary. Beginner, intermediate and advanced are editorial routes; choose by your purpose and familiarity.
| Band | What it means here | How to choose |
|---|---|---|
| Beginner | A starting route within this collection | Choose an entry that fits something you already notice, discuss or enjoy. |
| Intermediate | More detail, description and relationships | Choose a word that makes an existing idea more precise or adds a useful distinction. |
| Advanced | Optional specialist reading extension | Use a term only when a suitable text, interest or question gives it a meaningful context. |
Back to the word list · Guide and examples
Follow one word back to the thing it describes
1. Name the question
Choose something you want to find out: what a garment is decorated with, which part of a painting was repaired, or what the lines on a map represent. Pick the word that helps answer that question. A long caption does not require you to collect every unfamiliar term.
2. Keep the surrounding details
Record the sentence or label together with the object, place and date when these matter. A historical term belongs to a particular setting. A word in a restaurant description may identify a preparation, while the same word elsewhere names equipment. The surrounding information helps you choose the intended sense.
3. Check with a suitable source
Use a dictionary for a general meaning and a relevant museum, archive, map guide or specialist reference for a narrower one. Read enough of the explanation to see its limits. If a source identifies a technique, avoid treating that name alone as proof of an object's age, maker or authenticity.
4. Explain it for your audience
Try one plain sentence before adding the specialist term. ‘The decoration is made from a narrow braid called soutache’ gives a listener an immediate foothold. If someone already knows the subject, you can be more concise. Precision is useful when it helps the other person follow.
5. Return and correct
Later, put the definition out of sight and explain the word using your saved example. Check your explanation, then compare a second example when one appears. If you confused a material with a technique, amend the note. A correction is part of building a usable reference.
The IES guidance supports spaced review, recall and explanatory questions. These five steps are an original editorial routine, not a tested programme. There is no daily quota or promised learning speed. Institute of Education Sciences: Organizing Instruction and Study to Improve Student Learning.
Back to the word list · Guide and examples
Useful meanings and examples from ordinary life
Examples use familiar words from across the series, including earlier volumes. The no-repeat rule applies only to the numbered bank entries. The short meanings below explain the intended sense in each example; they are not exhaustive dictionary entries.
1. Describe how an object is displayed
vitrine — a display cabinet or case with glass through which its contents can be viewed
‘The small objects are arranged inside a vitrine.’
Notice what the display lets you inspect and what remains hidden. The cabinet is part of the presentation; its presence alone tells you nothing about the age or value of the objects. Getty's Art & Architecture Thesaurus documents this furniture term.
Meaning reference: Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus: Vitrines.
2. Read a conservation explanation
inpainting — adding colour within missing areas of a painting's original paint layer during conservation
‘The treatment report identifies the small areas of inpainting.’
Find out which areas the report identifies. Getty distinguishes this work from painting over surviving original paint. Use the treatment record to understand the intervention; a photograph may not reveal everything that was changed.
Meaning reference: Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus: Inpainting.
3. Understand a museum collection decision
deaccession — formally remove an object from an institution's collection
‘The museum's statement explains its decision to deaccession the object.’
Read the stated reason and what happens next. The American Alliance of Museums distinguishes the decision to remove an item from the decision about its subsequent disposition. The word does not, by itself, mean that the object was sold or establish whether a particular decision was justified.
Meaning reference: American Alliance of Museums: Questions and Answers about Selling Objects from the Collection.
4. Read the reference lines on a map
graticule — the network of latitude and longitude lines shown on a map
‘The graticule helps me describe where the islands lie.’
Check the labels and the map's projection before interpreting the lines. Esri's mapping documentation explains this coordinate reference. These lines locate places; they do not show roads, national borders or a route you can follow on the ground.
Meaning reference: Esri: Grids and graticules.
5. Identify a named painting tradition
rosemaling — a Norwegian tradition of decorative painting
‘The collection introduces this painted chest as an example of rosemaling.’
Use the collection account to learn about the particular object and its style. Vesterheim explains that the tradition includes variation. A broad label can open a useful search, but it cannot tell you every object's region, date or maker.
Meaning reference: Vesterheim: Rosemaling and Painting.
6. Read the detail in a clothing description
soutache — narrow decorative braid used as trimming on clothing or other items
‘The soutache follows a curved pattern across the garment.’
Look for the braid in the photograph and compare it with the surrounding fabric. The Metropolitan Museum of Art identifies soutache on an opera cloak in its collection. The term names the trimming, not the entire garment or the material of every part.
Meaning reference: The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Opera cloak.
7. Make sense of cooking equipment
bain-marie — a vessel or arrangement using hot water to heat another container gently
‘The recipe calls for a bain-marie to heat the mixture.’
Use the recipe's diagram or instructions to identify the containers and where the water goes. The word explains the arrangement; it does not supply the particular recipe's temperature, timing or food-handling requirements.
Meaning reference: Dictionary.com: Bain-marie.
8. Read a district's historical name
faubourg — a district beyond a French-speaking city's original limits, or a district with that history
‘The historical account describes the neighbourhood as a faubourg.’
Check which period and city the account means. The American Heritage Dictionary's definition refers to original city limits. A district with that name may now be well within a larger urban area, so use a current map for present-day location.
Meaning reference: American Heritage Dictionary: Faubourg.
Separate the name, the observation and the conclusion
Imagine reading the record for a decorated coat. The record names soutache, and the photograph shows a narrow braid arranged in curves. You can connect the term with that visible detail. A further claim about where the coat was made needs the record's evidence. Recognising a decorative feature does not establish the object's complete history.
Try three short notes: ‘The record calls this soutache.’ ‘I can see the braid beside the fastening.’ ‘I want to know whether that trimming was added when the garment was first made.’ The first identifies the source, the second records an observation, and the third opens a question. This keeps a new word connected to an actual investigation.
Use the same care with a place. Faubourg can help you understand a historical description, but it cannot substitute for a map of today's city. Ask when the description was written and which boundary it refers to. If the modern neighbourhood has changed, keep both pieces of information instead of forcing them into one timeless definition.
Cultural descriptions also come from particular people and institutions. When a name belongs to a living practice, look for accounts by its practitioners as well as reference works. Ask how the speaker uses the term here. One object, meal or performance can be meaningful without standing for everyone in a country or community.
A specialist word should leave you able to say more clearly what you have found. You may still prefer ‘glass display case’ when speaking to a friend. Knowing vitrine gives you another way to read a catalogue or search a collection; it does not require you to choose the less familiar expression in every conversation.
Back to the word list · Guide and examples
Five possible occasions to return to a useful word
Choose occasions that fit naturally. These are not five compulsory days, and there is no daily quota or completion deadline. Repeat, change or stop an activity according to your interest and purpose.
| Occasion | What to try |
|---|---|
| During a visit or online browse | Choose one object or place that interests you and save its record link. Identify one term that changes your understanding. |
| When reading the explanation | Write a short meaning beside a specific detail. Keep the source, date and intended sense where these matter. |
| Before explaining it to someone | Say it once in ordinary language. Add the specialist word only when it helps the listener follow or find more information. |
| On a later return | Recall the meaning before opening your note. Check the answer and correct any missing condition or mistaken detail. |
| At the next encounter | Compare another example. Keep a useful difference instead of assuming every instance must look exactly like the first. |
Reading across subjects and languages
Let the topic guide your reading. A story, information book, picture, recipe, sign or instruction can give a word a useful context. Read with someone when you want support, or discuss an unfamiliar passage afterwards. Pause for a necessary explanation and return to the meaning of the passage.
If you use more than one language, add a translation or a familiar explanation to your own notes when that helps. Check it against the particular sentence: one English word may need different translations in different settings. This English bank is a reference you can adapt, not a measure of everything you know.
When something is not working
| What you notice | A useful adjustment |
|---|---|
| You recognise the spelling but cannot explain the word | Return to one concrete example and describe what the term identifies there. Then check the definition. |
| A label contains several unfamiliar technical words | Start with the one that answers your question. A museum glossary or collection record may explain the remaining terms when you need them. |
| Two sources give different meanings | Compare subject, date, region and intended sense. Keep separate notes when the uses differ; avoid combining them into one vague explanation. |
| The list seems too specialised | Choose a familiar interest, use the beginner section or browse an earlier volume. You are free to leave most of this reference unexplored. |
| Your explanation sounds like a copied definition | Name the thing in front of you and say what the word helps you notice. Check that your paraphrase preserves any important limit. |
Back to the word list · Guide and examples
Frequently asked questions
Must a nineteen-year-old know all 2,000 entries?
No. The age label identifies a volume, not an attainment standard. The bank is available for selective reading, personal interests and questions that arise in everyday life.
Why include historical objects and specialist terms?
They occur in collection records, books, place descriptions and cultural writing. Earlier volumes already contain many everyday words. This volume makes further vocabulary available without claiming that every entry is equally common or necessary.
Does learning the term make me an expert?
A useful word helps you read and ask questions. Expertise also requires knowledge of examples, methods, context and evidence. Check a specialist source when a conclusion depends on those details.
Should I copy a museum's wording into my notes?
Keep a link and make clear when wording is a quotation. For your own explanation, write a short paraphrase and check it against the source. Credit the source when you share information from it.
Can I repeat vocabulary from the earlier volumes?
Yes. Repeat useful words in conversation, reading and writing as often as you need. The no-repeat rule applies to the numbered banks in this series, not to how anyone uses language.
The sequence and word audit
Age 19: 2,000 distinct listed entries. This volume occupies series positions 36,001–38,000. The published collection currently contains Ages 1–24, with 48,000 distinct listed entries across twenty-four banks.
The audit checks the numbered list entries, rather than every word in the article. Case, spacing, hyphens, apostrophes, accents and recorded spelling variants are normalised to catch duplicates. Established single words and conventional hyphenated headwords count as entries. Different meanings of the same spelling do not receive extra entries. Some useful derived forms are separate entries; the total is not a count of unrelated word families.
“Top” means an editorial selection for this reference project. It does not mean the most frequent words in a measured language corpus or the best 2,000 words for every reader. Sequence numbers locate entries in the collection; they are not importance scores or developmental measures.
Keep repeating useful words in real life. The non-repeating lists offer additional choices. They do not recommend withholding familiar language or learning 2,000 new words at each birthday.
Age 1: 2,000-word bank · Age 2: 2,000-word bank · Age 3: 2,000-word bank · Age 4: 2,000-word bank · Age 5: 2,000-word bank · Age 6: 2,000-word bank · Age 7: 2,000-word bank · Age 8: 2,000-word bank · Age 9: 2,000-word bank · Age 10: 2,000-word bank · Age 11: 2,000-word bank · Age 12: 2,000-word bank · Age 13: 2,000-word bank · Age 14: 2,000-word bank · Age 15: 2,000-word bank · Age 16: 2,000-word bank · Age 17: 2,000-word bank · Age 18: 2,000-word bank · Age 19: 2,000-word bank · Age 20: 2,000-word bank · Age 21: 2,000-word bank · Age 22: 2,000-word bank · Age 23: 2,000-word bank · Age 24: 2,000-word bank
| Published volume | Series positions |
|---|---|
| Age 1 | 1–2,000 |
| Age 2 | 2,001–4,000 |
| Age 3 | 4,001–6,000 |
| Age 4 | 6,001–8,000 |
| Age 5 | 8,001–10,000 |
| Age 6 | 10,001–12,000 |
| Age 7 | 12,001–14,000 |
| Age 8 | 14,001–16,000 |
| Age 9 | 16,001–18,000 |
| Age 10 | 18,001–20,000 |
| Age 11 | 20,001–22,000 |
| Age 12 | 22,001–24,000 |
| Age 13 | 24,001–26,000 |
| Age 14 | 26,001–28,000 |
| Age 15 | 28,001–30,000 |
| Age 16 | 30,001–32,000 |
| Age 17 | 32,001–34,000 |
| Age 18 | 34,001–36,000 |
| Age 19 | 36,001–38,000 |
| Age 20 | 38,001–40,000 |
| Age 21 | 40,001–42,000 |
| Age 22 | 42,001–44,000 |
| Age 23 | 44,001–46,000 |
| Age 24 | 46,001–48,000 |
Entry counts and cross-age allocation checked on 3 November 2026 (Asia/Singapore). The selection is an original editorial resource. The sources below support the attributed communication, observation and reading guidance; they do not endorse or validate this particular word bank.
A useful next step
Choose one useful term from something you are already reading or visiting. Keep its meaning, one concrete example and the source. Return when the next encounter gives you a reason to compare.
Back to the word list · Guide and examples
Sources and editorial note
Institute of Education Sciences: Organizing Instruction and Study to Improve Student Learning
Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus: Vitrines
Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus: Inpainting
American Alliance of Museums: Questions and Answers about Selling Objects from the Collection
Vesterheim: Rosemaling and Painting
The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Opera cloak
American Heritage Dictionary: Faubourg
The guides, definitions and examples are original eduKate editorial explanations. The cited organisations do not endorse this page. “Top” describes the editorial selection; no search ranking, measured word-frequency order or learning outcome is promised.
Lexical reference: WordNet 3.1. Words were selected and reviewed individually; database inclusion does not validate the audience label or difficulty bands.
Additional lexical checks used Open English Wordnet 2025 under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. The selection and original guide are editorial adaptations, not endorsements by the source projects.
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edu|Kate Singapore · Clear words for useful conversations, reading and everyday understanding.
Vocabulary Growth Guide for Age 19: Why, What and How
You remember a word from a particular exhibition, story or conversation. When it appears somewhere else, you hesitate. Does it still mean the same thing? Which details belong to the word, and which belonged only to that first example? Vocabulary growth involves learning to carry the useful meaning forward without carrying every incidental detail with it.
Build a clear first example, compare another use, explain what stays the same and check where the word stops fitting. This guide develops that habit through a fictional display exercise. It is a way to explore the bank selectively, not a requirement to finish it at nineteen or a promise that variety always makes learning easier.
Why one example is not the whole meaning · What to carry into a new context · Research and its limits · A worked example · A practical routine · Recognising progress
Why a memorable example can be both helpful and limiting
Suppose the first vitrine you read about contains a necklace. Remembering that scene gives the word a concrete setting. But a vitrine is not defined by containing jewellery. Treating the necklace as essential would make the next example, perhaps a case containing handwritten letters, unnecessarily confusing.
The opposite error is making the meaning too broad. Not everything that contains an object is a vitrine. A box used for storage and a glass-fronted case used for display can share features without being interchangeable descriptions. A useful explanation distinguishes the relevant features instead of reducing both to “something with things inside”.
This is the bridge between a remembered encounter and a reusable idea. You can keep the first example as a memory aid while remaining open to different sizes, contents and settings. The vitrine definition and reference above provide the meaning used in this exercise.
What to separate when meeting a word again
Separate the core meaning, the particular instance and any further claim. “A glass display case” explains the intended sense of vitrine. “This case contains a necklace” describes one instance. “The necklace is ancient” makes a different claim that needs its own evidence. None of these sentences should silently do the work of the other two.
Keep the grammar in view as well. An instruction to display an object and a description of a display cabinet concern related ideas but are not identical tasks. Read what the sentence asks you to identify or do. A familiar topic can make you skim over a small grammatical difference that changes the meaning.
Some words also have more than one legitimate sense. When a new use does not fit your earlier note, check whether the context has changed the sense rather than forcing the old explanation onto it. A useful personal vocabulary record can hold two clearly separated meanings with examples, instead of one vague definition stretched across both.
What research shows about variety and stable context
In Norman and colleagues’ study of contextual diversity, 239 adults learned eight invented words through sentences. Diverse topics helped participants use the learned meanings in unfamiliar contexts, while less diverse learning contexts helped on a familiar-context task. Recognition of the word forms did not show the same difference. The result depends on what was being tested; it does not mean that more variety is always better.
A different experiment by Hulme, Begum, Nation and Rodd involved 100 adults learning invented words from narrative paragraphs. Participants recalled more meaning features when the encounters belonged to one coherent narrative than when they appeared in different narrative contexts. Word-form recognition did not differ. This highlights a possible benefit of stability during early meaning learning, rather than a reason to avoid all later variation.
Both studies used controlled word-learning tasks, not this collection or a birthday-based programme. The practical suggestion here is to secure a clear example and then compare further uses when ready. That sequence is an editorial interpretation of the findings, not a staged method directly tested by these studies. Watch what the learner can explain and adjust accordingly.
A worked example: one term, three display situations
Begin with a fictional scene. A club exhibition places a newly made necklace inside a glass display case. Its label reads, “Necklace made for this exhibition; displayed in a vitrine.” These details are invented for reading practice. The case and its contents are separate objects.
Give the word a precise referent. Ask which thing the label calls a vitrine. It names the display case, not the necklace, its maker or the exhibition as a whole. Complete a plain sentence: “The necklace is inside the glass display case.” Then substitute the checked term without changing the relationship.
Change the contents. A second fictional display places handwritten letters in a wide, shallow glass case. Its catalogue also calls the case a vitrine. The contents, shape and height differ from the first example. Explain why those changes do not require the word to mean “a cabinet containing jewellery”.
Compare a near miss. A third scene describes a plain cardboard box holding letters in a storeroom, with its lid closed. The fact that it contains letters does not make it the same kind of display case. Identify the difference relevant to the term rather than relying on the repeated object inside.
Reject an unrelated inference. A reader says, “Anything inside a vitrine must be old and valuable.” The first scene explicitly describes a newly made necklace. The term names a mode of display, not a certificate of age or price. Point to that distinction rather than simply disagreeing with the reader.
Add another word without mixing the relationships. Now imagine the first label says, “Replica of an earlier necklace, made for this exhibition.” Replica identifies the displayed object as a copy; vitrine identifies its case. A careful explanation keeps those two roles separate. The supplied wording still does not tell you the material, the original maker or how accurately every detail was copied.
Write a compact account. “The exhibition displays a newly made replica in a glass case called a vitrine. The label identifies what was copied, but the description supplied here does not establish its material or the original maker.” The account uses vocabulary to separate known information from unanswered questions.
Explain it to a different reader. For a friend unfamiliar with the term, lead with “glass display case”. For someone searching a collection catalogue, include vitrine as the useful search word. The underlying meaning stays the same while the explanation changes to suit the audience.
How to move from a secure example to flexible use
Start with a source and an example you can explain. Save the relevant sentence, the intended meaning and a link or reference. Include the detail that makes the word fit. Do not begin by collecting several unclear examples and hoping that their similarities will reveal the meaning without checking.
Choose a second example that changes a noticeable but nonessential feature. For a display case, the contents might change. For a process, the setting might change while the defining relationship remains. State what is different and why the same term still applies. This makes comparison an explanation rather than a matching game.
Then consider a near miss. Keep enough similarity to make the comparison interesting, but change a feature that matters. Explain why the term no longer fits, or why further information is needed. “I cannot tell from this caption” can be the most accurate answer when the source leaves the distinction unresolved.
Return to the word in a short original paragraph. Give it a job: distinguish an object from its presentation, a technique from its material or a label from a historical claim. When the sentence sounds unnecessarily formal, use the plain explanation and keep the specialist word in your notes for recognition or searching.
On a later encounter, try recalling the meaning before opening the note, then check. Record a new sense separately when appropriate. The five occasions suggested earlier offer natural opportunities to return without turning every activity into a vocabulary test.
What useful progress looks like
You can recognise a fitting example that looks different from the first one. You can also reject a superficially similar example and explain why. Both achievements matter: widening a meaning appropriately is different from allowing it to cover anything vaguely related.
When the second setting causes confusion, return to the secure example and compare one feature at a time. When every example seems to fit, sharpen the boundary with a near miss. When a new meaning is genuinely unfamiliar, consult a suitable reference rather than treating uncertainty as proof that you have forgotten everything.
Translations can help, but test them against the intended sense in each sentence. A familiar equivalent in one setting may not be the best wording in another. Explain the example in whichever language makes the idea clearest, then work on the English expression needed for the current audience.
From one encounter to knowledge that travels
The Age 18 growth guide develops connections between technical terms. Continue with the Age 20 bank for language used in practical documents and independent inquiry. Neither route requires completion of every previous entry.
The growth goal is a meaning that travels without becoming vague. Keep the useful distinction, adapt the explanation and check the new context. That is how a remembered word becomes available for more than one conversation.
Research-informed guide added on 3 November 2026 by edu|Kate Singapore. The activities are original editorial suggestions, not a validated intervention or an age-based attainment standard. Return to the 2,000-word list · Return to this growth guide.