Top 100 Vocabulary for Visiting and Touring Korea | Cheongju
Welcome to Cheongju! This city gives travel vocabulary a wonderfully mechanical and intellectual turn. Instead of another list of generic museum words, we can follow a printed page backwards: from the finished book to the press, the ink, the locked page forme, the individual pieces of type and finally the casting process that created them.
Cheongju is closely associated with Jikji, printed at Heungdeoksa Temple in 1377 using movable metal type and recognised through UNESCO’s Memory of the World programme. The Cheongju Early Printing Museum makes that history visible through printing tools, type, books and exhibitions.
How to use this guide / 使用说明： Pronunciation cues are approximate and are not IPA. Chinese meanings show the intended printing or museum context. Some historical printing terms vary by period and tradition; this guide uses clear English equivalents suitable for learning.
Your destination / 目的地： Cheongju — 清州 — 청주. Keep the Korean place names for Jikji and Heungdeoksa saved with your museum route.
Find your next situation / 快速导航
1. Casting movable metal type · 2. Composing a page · 3. Ink and impression · 4. Press, paper and page structure · 5. Books, blocks and binding · 6. Paper-making vocabulary · 7. Jikji and Heungdeoksa · 8. Documentary heritage and preservation · 9. Editing, editions and bibliography · 10. Book history and visitor learning
Cheongju context · Places and questions · Conversation · Model paragraph · Practice · Questions · Official sources
1. Casting movable metal type | Words 1–10
1. movable metal type
Pronunciation: MOO-vuh-buhl MET-uhl TYP · 中文： 金属活字 · Meaning: individual reusable metal characters arranged for printing.
Example: Movable metal type allowed printers to rearrange characters for different pages.
中文例句： 金属活字让印刷者能够重新排列字块来印不同页面。
2. metal typeface
Pronunciation: MET-uhl TYP-fays · 中文： 金属字体字形 · Meaning: the designed form of characters cast as metal type.
Example: The metal typeface showed small differences in stroke shape.
中文例句： 金属字体字形在笔画形状上呈现细微差异。
3. type block
Pronunciation: TYP BLOCK · 中文： 活字块 · Meaning: one individual piece of type carrying a character or symbol.
Example: Each type block represented a single printable unit.
中文例句： 每个活字块都代表一个可印刷的单位。
4. type matrix
Pronunciation: TYP MAY-triks · 中文： 字模母模 · Meaning: a moulding form used to create the face of type.
Example: The type matrix determines the shape that appears on the finished type.
中文例句： 字模母模决定成品活字表面的字形。
5. type mould
Pronunciation: TYP MOHLD · 中文： 活字铸模 · Meaning: a mould used when casting individual pieces of type.
Example: The type mould helped keep each piece a consistent size.
中文例句： 活字铸模帮助每个字块保持一致尺寸。
6. typecasting
Pronunciation: TYP-kas-ting · 中文： 活字铸造 · Meaning: the process of making type by casting metal in moulds.
Example: The museum explained typecasting as a specialised production process.
中文例句： 博物馆把活字铸造介绍为一种专业制作工艺。
7. molten metal
Pronunciation: MOHL-tuhn MET-uhl · 中文： 熔融金属 · Meaning: metal heated until it becomes liquid.
Example: Molten metal must be handled only in controlled professional conditions.
中文例句： 熔融金属只能在受控的专业环境中操作。
8. casting alloy
Pronunciation: CASTING AL-oy · 中文： 铸造合金 · Meaning: a mixture of metals chosen for casting.
Example: The display described how a casting alloy needs suitable hardness and flow.
中文例句： 展板说明铸造合金需要合适的硬度和流动性。
9. type height
Pronunciation: TYP HEIGHT · 中文： 活字高度 · Meaning: the standard height of a piece of printing type.
Example: Consistent type height helps produce an even printed impression.
中文例句： 一致的活字高度有助于得到均匀的印刷效果。
10. type sort
Pronunciation: TYP SORT · 中文： 单个活字字粒 · Meaning: one individual piece of type in a set.
Example: The case contained many type sorts arranged by character.
中文例句： 字盘里按字符排列着许多单个活字字粒。
2. Composing a page | Words 11–20
11. type case
Pronunciation: TYP CASE · 中文： 活字字盘 · Meaning: a compartmented case used to organise individual type.
Example: The type case kept hundreds of characters in separate spaces.
中文例句： 活字字盘把数百个字符分开放在不同格子里。
12. composing stick
Pronunciation: kuhm-POH-zing STICK · 中文： 排字盘 · Meaning: a handheld tool used to assemble lines of type.
Example: The printer placed type into the composing stick from left to right according to the system being used.
中文例句： 印刷者按照排版系统把活字逐个放入排字盘。
13. manual type composition
Pronunciation: MANUAL TYP kom-puh-ZISH-uhn · 中文： 手工排字 · Meaning: assembling individual pieces of type by hand.
Example: Manual type composition requires careful attention to order and spacing.
中文例句： 手工排字需要非常注意顺序和间距。
14. line composition
Pronunciation: LINE kom-puh-ZISH-uhn · 中文： 行排版 · Meaning: arranging type to create one complete line of text.
Example: Line composition determines how words and characters sit together.
中文例句： 行排版决定文字和字符如何排列在同一行。
15. page forme
Pronunciation: PAGE FORM · 中文： 整版活字版框 · Meaning: a complete locked arrangement of type for printing a page.
Example: The page forme held the finished layout before printing began.
中文例句： 整版活字版框在印刷前固定住完整的版面。
16. chase frame
Pronunciation: CHAYS FRAME · 中文： 版框 · Meaning: a metal frame used to hold a forme of type.
Example: The chase frame surrounded the assembled type and spacing material.
中文例句： 版框围住已经排好的活字和空白材料。
17. locking quoin
Pronunciation: LOCKING KOIN · 中文： 锁版楔 · Meaning: a device used to tighten type inside a frame.
Example: The locking quoin secured the forme so pieces could not shift.
中文例句： 锁版楔固定版面，防止字块移动。
18. printer’s furniture
Pronunciation: PRINTER’S FUR-nih-chuh · 中文： 印刷填空块 · Meaning: nonprinting blocks used to fill space in a forme.
Example: Printer’s furniture helped position the text within the frame.
中文例句： 印刷填空块帮助把文字准确定位在版框中。
19. spacing material
Pronunciation: SPACING MATERIAL · 中文： 排版间隔材料 · Meaning: blank material used to create spaces between printed elements.
Example: Spacing material controlled gaps without printing any marks.
中文例句： 排版间隔材料控制空白距离，本身不会留下印迹。
20. type alignment
Pronunciation: TYP uh-LYN-muhnt · 中文： 活字对齐 · Meaning: the positioning of type so printed text sits evenly.
Example: Good type alignment makes a page easier to read.
中文例句： 良好的活字对齐让页面更容易阅读。
Contents · Previous group · Next group
3. Ink and impression | Words 21–30
21. inking ball
Pronunciation: INK-ing BALL · 中文： 上墨球 · Meaning: a traditional padded tool used to apply ink to type.
Example: The reproduction press showed how an inking ball could spread ink over the surface.
中文例句： 复制印刷机展示了上墨球如何把油墨涂在活字表面。
22. ink roller
Pronunciation: INK ROH-luh · 中文： 油墨滚筒 · Meaning: a roller used to distribute ink across a printing surface.
Example: The ink roller created a thin even layer before printing.
中文例句： 油墨滚筒在印刷前形成薄而均匀的一层墨。
23. printing ink
Pronunciation: PRINTING INK · 中文： 印刷油墨 · Meaning: ink formulated for transferring images or text onto a surface.
Example: Printing ink must adhere to the type and transfer clearly to paper.
中文例句： 印刷油墨需要附着在活字上，并清晰转印到纸张。
24. ink distribution
Pronunciation: INK dis-trih-BYOO-shuhn · 中文： 油墨分布 · Meaning: the way ink is spread across a printing surface.
Example: Uneven ink distribution can make some characters too dark and others faint.
中文例句： 油墨分布不均会让部分字符太深、部分太浅。
25. relief printing
Pronunciation: rih-LEEF PRINTING · 中文： 凸版印刷 · Meaning: printing from raised surfaces that receive ink.
Example: Movable type works through relief printing because the raised character faces receive ink.
中文例句： 活字采用凸版印刷，因为凸起的字面会沾上油墨。
26. printing pressure
Pronunciation: PRINTING PRESSURE · 中文： 印刷压力 · Meaning: the force used to transfer ink from type to paper.
Example: Too much printing pressure can distort a delicate impression.
中文例句： 印刷压力过大可能让细致的印迹变形。
27. impression
Pronunciation: im-PRESH-uhn · 中文： 印迹 · Meaning: the printed result created by pressing inked type onto paper.
Example: The first impression revealed whether the ink coverage was even.
中文例句： 第一次印迹显示油墨覆盖是否均匀。
28. proof sheet
Pronunciation: PROOF SHEET · 中文： 校样纸 · Meaning: a trial print used to check the page before final printing.
Example: The proof sheet showed a spacing mistake near the bottom line.
中文例句： 校样纸显示底部一行有间距错误。
29. registration mark
Pronunciation: rej-ih-STRAY-shuhn MARK · 中文： 套印标记 · Meaning: a mark used to align repeated printing stages.
Example: The registration mark helps different printed elements line up accurately.
中文例句： 套印标记帮助不同印刷阶段准确对齐。
30. press bed
Pronunciation: PRESS BED · 中文： 印刷机台面 · Meaning: the flat surface supporting the forme or paper during printing.
Example: The press bed held the printing assembly stable.
中文例句： 印刷机台面让整个印刷组件保持稳定。
Contents · Previous group · Next group
4. Press, paper and page structure | Words 31–40
31. hand press
Pronunciation: HAND PRESS · 中文： 手动印刷机 · Meaning: a press operated manually rather than by motor.
Example: The hand press required controlled pressure for each impression.
中文例句： 手动印刷机每次压印都需要稳定控制压力。
32. platen
Pronunciation: PLAT-uhn · 中文： 压印板 · Meaning: a flat plate that presses paper against an inked surface.
Example: The platen moved down evenly across the page.
中文例句： 压印板均匀地压在整个页面上。
33. press frame
Pronunciation: PRESS FRAME · 中文： 印刷机框架 · Meaning: the structural frame supporting a printing press.
Example: The press frame carried the moving parts of the machine.
中文例句： 印刷机框架支撑着机器的活动部件。
34. paper feed
Pronunciation: PAPER FEED · 中文： 进纸 · Meaning: the movement of paper into a printing process.
Example: Careful paper feed keeps the sheet in the correct position.
中文例句： 仔细进纸有助于让纸张保持正确位置。
35. sheet alignment
Pronunciation: SHEET uh-LYN-muhnt · 中文： 纸张对齐 · Meaning: positioning a sheet correctly before printing.
Example: Sheet alignment matters when a page has borders or multiple printing stages.
中文例句： 页面有边框或多次印刷时，纸张对齐非常重要。
36. printed folio
Pronunciation: PRINTED FOH-lee-oh · 中文： 印刷叶张 · Meaning: a printed sheet or leaf within a book.
Example: The printed folio showed text on both sides.
中文例句： 这张印刷叶张的正反两面都有文字。
37. recto
Pronunciation: REK-toh · 中文： 正面页 · Meaning: the front side of a leaf in a book.
Example: The catalogue described the image as appearing on the recto.
中文例句： 目录说明这幅图位于正面页。
38. verso
Pronunciation: VUR-soh · 中文： 背面页 · Meaning: the back side of a leaf in a book.
Example: A short note appeared on the verso.
中文例句： 背面页上出现了一段简短说明。
39. colophon
Pronunciation: KOL-uh-fon · 中文： 刊记 · Meaning: a statement in a book giving production or publication information.
Example: The colophon can help historians identify when and where a text was produced.
中文例句： 刊记可以帮助历史学者判断文本制作的时间和地点。
40. woodblock printing
Pronunciation: WOOD-blok PRINTING · 中文： 木版印刷 · Meaning: printing from text or images carved into a wooden block.
Example: Woodblock printing uses a fixed carved surface rather than rearrangeable type.
中文例句： 木版印刷使用固定雕刻的版面，而不是可以重新排列的活字。
Contents · Previous group · Next group
5. Books, blocks and binding | Words 41–50
41. wooden type
Pronunciation: WOODEN TYP · 中文： 木活字 · Meaning: individual reusable type made from wood.
Example: Wooden type can be lighter than metal type but wears differently.
中文例句： 木活字可能比金属活字更轻，但磨损方式不同。
42. metal type
Pronunciation: MET-uhl TYP · 中文： 金属活字字粒 · Meaning: an individual reusable printing character made from metal.
Example: The metal type carried a raised character on its printing face.
中文例句： 金属活字字粒的印刷面上有凸起的字符。
43. carved block
Pronunciation: CARVED BLOCK · 中文： 雕版 · Meaning: a block into which text or images have been carved for printing.
Example: The carved block preserved an entire fixed page design.
中文例句： 雕版保存了完整而固定的页面设计。
44. sutra text
Pronunciation: SOO-truh TEXT · 中文： 佛经文本 · Meaning: a written Buddhist scripture or teaching text.
Example: The exhibit included a sutra text reproduced for study.
中文例句： 展览中有一份用于研究的佛经文本复制品。
45. Buddhist text
Pronunciation: BOO-dist TEXT · 中文： 佛教文献 · Meaning: a written work containing Buddhist teachings or commentary.
Example: Jikji belongs to the history of Buddhist textual culture as well as printing history.
中文例句： 《直指》既属于佛教文献史，也属于印刷史。
46. anthology
Pronunciation: an-THOL-uh-jee · 中文： 选集 · Meaning: a collection of selected writings or passages.
Example: Jikji is an anthology of teachings compiled into a larger work.
中文例句： 《直指》是一部把多种教义内容汇编起来的选集。
47. bound volume
Pronunciation: BOUND VOLUME · 中文： 装订成册的书 · Meaning: a book whose leaves have been joined into a volume.
Example: The bound volume was displayed behind protective glass.
中文例句： 装订成册的书被陈列在保护玻璃后。
48. stitched binding
Pronunciation: STITCHED BINDING · 中文： 线装 · Meaning: binding pages together using thread.
Example: Stitched binding leaves visible thread along part of the book structure.
中文例句： 线装会在书的结构部分留下可见的线迹。
49. folding book
Pronunciation: FOLDING BOOK · 中文： 折叠式书册 · Meaning: a book formed from connected sheets folded in sections.
Example: The folding book opens differently from a modern codex.
中文例句： 折叠式书册的展开方式与现代装订书不同。
50. paper cover
Pronunciation: PAPER COVER · 中文： 纸质封面 · Meaning: a cover made primarily from paper.
Example: The paper cover protected the inner leaves while remaining lightweight.
中文例句： 纸质封面保护内页，同时保持轻便。
Contents · Previous group · Next group
6. Paper-making vocabulary | Words 51–60
51. mulberry paper
Pronunciation: MUL-buh-ree PAPER · 中文： 桑皮纸 · Meaning: paper made using fibres from mulberry-related plants.
Example: Mulberry paper can be strong even when relatively thin.
中文例句： 桑皮纸即使比较薄，也可以具有很好的强度。
52. hanji fibre
Pronunciation: HAHN-jee FIBRE · 中文： 韩纸纤维 · Meaning: plant fibre used in traditional Korean papermaking.
Example: Hanji fibre gives traditional paper much of its characteristic strength.
中文例句： 韩纸纤维赋予传统韩纸独特的韧性。
53. paper sizing
Pronunciation: PAPER SY-zing · 中文： 施胶 · Meaning: treating paper to control how it absorbs ink or water.
Example: Paper sizing affects how quickly ink spreads into the sheet.
中文例句： 施胶会影响油墨渗入纸张的速度。
54. sheet formation
Pronunciation: SHEET for-MAY-shuhn · 中文： 成纸 · Meaning: forming wet fibres into a thin even paper sheet.
Example: Sheet formation is one of the key stages in handmade papermaking.
中文例句： 成纸是手工造纸中的关键阶段之一。
55. pulp vat
Pronunciation: PULP VAT · 中文： 纸浆槽 · Meaning: a container holding fibre pulp suspended in water.
Example: The screen mould is dipped into the pulp vat during sheet formation.
中文例句： 成纸时会把抄纸帘放入纸浆槽中。
56. screen mould
Pronunciation: SCREEN MOHLD · 中文： 抄纸帘 · Meaning: a screened frame used to lift fibres from a pulp mixture.
Example: The screen mould catches a thin layer of fibres while water drains away.
中文例句： 抄纸帘会留下薄薄一层纤维，同时让水流走。
57. drying board
Pronunciation: DRYING BOARD · 中文： 晒纸板 · Meaning: a flat surface used to dry newly formed paper.
Example: The wet sheet was carefully transferred to the drying board.
中文例句： 湿纸被小心转移到晒纸板上。
58. paper grain
Pronunciation: PAPER GRAIN · 中文： 纸张纤维方向 · Meaning: the predominant direction of fibres in a sheet of paper.
Example: Paper grain can affect how a sheet folds.
中文例句： 纸张纤维方向会影响纸张折叠的效果。
59. mulberry-fibre sheet
Pronunciation: MULBERRY-FIBRE SHEET · 中文： 桑皮纤维纸张 · Meaning: a sheet made mainly from processed mulberry fibre.
Example: The mulberry-fibre sheet felt strong despite its light weight.
中文例句： 这张桑皮纤维纸张虽然轻，却很结实。
60. archival paper
Pronunciation: ar-KY-vuhl PAPER · 中文： 档案级纸张 · Meaning: paper selected for long-term preservation and chemical stability.
Example: Archival paper is chosen when documents need to survive for many years.
中文例句： 需要长期保存文件时会选择档案级纸张。
Contents · Previous group · Next group
7. Jikji and Heungdeoksa | Words 61–70
61. Jikji
Pronunciation: JIK-jee · 中文： 《直指》 · Meaning: the abbreviated title commonly used for a famous 1377 Korean Buddhist book printed with movable metal type.
Example: Jikji gives Cheongju a direct connection to the history of movable metal type.
中文例句： 《直指》让清州与金属活字印刷史建立了直接联系。
62. Heungdeoksa
Pronunciation: HUNG-duhk-sah · 中文： 兴德寺 · Meaning: the temple site in Cheongju associated with the printing of Jikji.
Example: The Heungdeoksa site helps place the history of Jikji in a real location.
中文例句： 兴德寺遗址让《直指》的历史落在一个真实地点上。
63. printing heritage
Pronunciation: PRINTING HERITAGE · 中文： 印刷遗产 · Meaning: historic knowledge, objects and places connected with printing.
Example: Cheongju presents printing heritage as both technology and culture.
中文例句： 清州把印刷遗产同时作为技术和文化来展示。
64. printing museum
Pronunciation: PRINTING MUSEUM · 中文： 印刷博物馆 · Meaning: a museum focused on printing history, tools and documents.
Example: The printing museum lets visitors compare different technologies in one place.
中文例句： 印刷博物馆让游客可以在同一地点比较不同印刷技术。
65. excavation site
Pronunciation: EXCAVATION SITE · 中文： 考古发掘遗址 · Meaning: a location where archaeologists uncover and record buried remains.
Example: The excavation site provided evidence for the historic temple location.
中文例句： 考古发掘遗址为历史寺院的位置提供了证据。
66. temple site
Pronunciation: TEMPLE SITE · 中文： 寺院遗址 · Meaning: the remains or former location of a temple.
Example: The temple site connects religious history with printing history.
中文例句： 寺院遗址把宗教史与印刷史联系起来。
67. printing artifact
Pronunciation: PRINTING ARTIFACT · 中文： 印刷文物 · Meaning: an object related to historical printing activity.
Example: A printing artifact may be a tool, piece of type, block or printed page.
中文例句： 印刷文物可以是工具、活字、雕版或印刷页面。
68. type specimen
Pronunciation: TYP SPECIMEN · 中文： 活字样本 · Meaning: a sample showing the appearance of a typeface or set of type.
Example: The type specimen made it easier to compare character shapes.
中文例句： 活字样本让不同字形更容易比较。
69. facsimile edition
Pronunciation: fak-SIM-ih-lee EDITION · 中文： 影印本 · Meaning: a reproduction made to resemble an original document closely.
Example: A facsimile edition allows study without handling a fragile original.
中文例句： 影印本让研究者无需直接接触脆弱原件也能学习。
70. reproduction print
Pronunciation: ree-pruh-DUK-shuhn PRINT · 中文： 复制印刷品 · Meaning: a modern print created to demonstrate or reproduce an older printing method.
Example: The reproduction print showed how raised type leaves an impression on paper.
中文例句： 复制印刷品展示了凸起活字如何在纸上留下印迹。
Contents · Previous group · Next group
8. Documentary heritage and preservation | Words 71–80
71. Memory of the World
Pronunciation: MEMORY OF THE WORLD · 中文： 世界记忆名录 · Meaning: UNESCO’s programme and register for documentary heritage.
Example: Jikji is included in UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register.
中文例句： 《直指》被列入联合国教科文组织《世界记忆名录》。
72. documentary heritage
Pronunciation: dok-yuh-MEN-tuh-ree HERITAGE · 中文： 文献遗产 · Meaning: documents and records valued for their historical and cultural significance.
Example: Documentary heritage can include manuscripts, printed books and archives.
中文例句： 文献遗产可以包括手稿、印刷书籍和档案。
73. register inscription
Pronunciation: REGISTER INSCRIPTION · 中文： 名录列入记录 · Meaning: formal inclusion of an item on an official heritage register.
Example: The register inscription increased international awareness of Jikji.
中文例句： 列入名录提高了《直指》的国际知名度。
74. preservation programme
Pronunciation: PRESERVATION PROGRAMME · 中文： 保存计划 · Meaning: an organised effort to protect important materials over time.
Example: A preservation programme manages risks such as moisture, light and handling.
中文例句： 保存计划会管理湿度、光照和接触等风险。
75. digitization project
Pronunciation: dij-ih-ty-ZAY-shuhn PROJECT · 中文： 数字化项目 · Meaning: a project converting physical materials into digital files.
Example: The digitization project made rare pages easier to study remotely.
中文例句： 数字化项目让珍贵页面更容易远程研究。
76. archival catalogue
Pronunciation: ar-KY-vuhl KAT-uh-log · 中文： 档案目录 · Meaning: a structured record describing archived items.
Example: The archival catalogue helped researchers locate related materials.
中文例句： 档案目录帮助研究者寻找相关资料。
77. provenance record
Pronunciation: PROV-uh-nuhns RECORD · 中文： 来源记录 · Meaning: a record tracing the ownership or history of an object.
Example: A provenance record can explain how an item moved between collections.
中文例句： 来源记录可以说明物件如何在不同收藏之间流转。
78. conservation sleeve
Pronunciation: kon-suh-VAY-shuhn SLEEVE · 中文： 保护套 · Meaning: a protective enclosure used for documents or photographs.
Example: The conservation sleeve reduced direct handling of the paper.
中文例句： 保护套减少了对纸张的直接接触。
79. controlled humidity
Pronunciation: CONTROLLED hyoo-MID-ih-tee · 中文： 受控湿度 · Meaning: humidity maintained within a planned range for preservation.
Example: Controlled humidity helps slow damage to sensitive materials.
中文例句： 受控湿度有助于减缓敏感材料的损坏。
80. light exposure
Pronunciation: LIGHT EXPOSURE · 中文： 光照暴露 · Meaning: the amount of light reaching an object over time.
Example: Museums limit light exposure for materials that fade easily.
中文例句： 博物馆会限制容易褪色材料的光照暴露。
Contents · Previous group · Next group
9. Editing, editions and bibliography | Words 81–90
81. proofreading mark
Pronunciation: PROOF-ree-ding MARK · 中文： 校对符号 · Meaning: a symbol used to indicate a correction in text.
Example: A proofreading mark showed where a character needed changing.
中文例句： 校对符号指出了需要修改字符的位置。
82. editorial correction
Pronunciation: ed-ih-TOR-ee-uhl CORRECTION · 中文： 编辑修订 · Meaning: a change made to improve or correct a text before publication.
Example: The editorial correction appeared in the revised edition.
中文例句： 编辑修订出现在修订版中。
83. printer’s error
Pronunciation: PRINTER’S ERROR · 中文： 印刷错误 · Meaning: a mistake introduced during typesetting or printing.
Example: The catalogue identified one printer’s error in the reproduced line.
中文例句： 目录指出复制文本的一行中有一个印刷错误。
84. edition statement
Pronunciation: EDITION STATEMENT · 中文： 版本说明 · Meaning: a note identifying which edition of a publication is being described.
Example: The edition statement helped distinguish the reproduction from the earlier version.
中文例句： 版本说明帮助区分复制本与更早版本。
85. edition dating
Pronunciation: EDITION DATING · 中文： 版本年代判断 · Meaning: determining or stating when a particular edition was produced.
Example: Edition dating may use a colophon, paper evidence and historical records.
中文例句： 版本年代判断可以依据刊记、纸张证据和历史记录。
86. imprint line
Pronunciation: IMPRINT LINE · 中文： 出版信息行 · Meaning: a line giving details such as printer, publisher or place of production.
Example: The imprint line provided useful production information.
中文例句： 出版信息行提供了有用的制作资料。
87. publisher mark
Pronunciation: PUBLISHER MARK · 中文： 出版者标记 · Meaning: a symbol or name identifying a publisher or printer.
Example: The publisher mark appeared near the end of the volume.
中文例句： 出版者标记出现在书卷末尾附近。
88. press edition size
Pronunciation: PRESS EDITION SIZE · 中文： 印刷版次数量 · Meaning: the number of copies produced for a particular edition or printing.
Example: The press edition size was recorded in the exhibition notes.
中文例句： 展览说明中记录了该版次的印刷数量。
89. reprint edition
Pronunciation: REPRINT EDITION · 中文： 重印版 · Meaning: a later edition produced by printing a work again.
Example: The reprint edition made the historical text available to more readers.
中文例句： 重印版让更多读者能够接触这份历史文本。
90. bibliographic record
Pronunciation: bib-lee-uh-GRAF-ik RECORD · 中文： 书目记录 · Meaning: a structured description of a publication in a catalogue.
Example: The bibliographic record listed title, date and physical details.
中文例句： 书目记录列出了书名、年代和实物信息。
Contents · Previous group · Next group
10. Book history and visitor learning | Words 91–100
91. book history
Pronunciation: BOOK HISTORY · 中文： 书籍史 · Meaning: the study of how books are made, circulated and read over time.
Example: Cheongju turns book history into something visible through tools and printed objects.
中文例句： 清州通过工具和印刷物让书籍史变得可见。
92. print culture
Pronunciation: PRINT CULTURE · 中文： 印刷文化 · Meaning: the social and cultural world created around printed materials.
Example: Print culture includes technology, reading, publishing and knowledge exchange.
中文例句： 印刷文化包括技术、阅读、出版和知识传播。
93. knowledge transmission
Pronunciation: KNOWLEDGE trans-MISH-uhn · 中文： 知识传播 · Meaning: the movement of ideas and information between people and generations.
Example: Printing transformed knowledge transmission by multiplying copies.
中文例句： 印刷通过增加副本数量改变了知识传播。
94. textual preservation
Pronunciation: TEKS-choo-uhl PRESERVATION · 中文： 文本保存 · Meaning: protecting written content so it remains available over time.
Example: Textual preservation can involve both physical conservation and digital copies.
中文例句： 文本保存可以包括实物保护和数字副本。
95. special collections room
Pronunciation: SPECIAL COLLECTIONS ROOM · 中文： 特藏阅览室 · Meaning: a controlled room for consulting rare or valuable materials.
Example: Researchers may use a special collections room under supervised conditions.
中文例句： 研究者可能在受监督条件下使用特藏阅览室。
96. exhibit caption
Pronunciation: EXHIBIT CAPTION · 中文： 展品说明文字 · Meaning: short explanatory text placed beside an exhibition object.
Example: The exhibit caption explained why the small metal type mattered historically.
中文例句： 展品说明文字解释了这枚小小金属活字为何具有历史意义。
97. interactive press
Pronunciation: in-ter-AK-tiv PRESS · 中文： 互动印刷机 · Meaning: a visitor-operated or demonstrated press designed for learning.
Example: The interactive press gave families a safe way to understand pressure and transfer.
中文例句： 互动印刷机让家庭游客安全理解压力和转印原理。
98. printing workshop
Pronunciation: PRINTING WORKSHOP · 中文： 印刷体验课 · Meaning: a guided activity introducing printing techniques.
Example: The printing workshop ended with each visitor making a small reproduction.
中文例句： 印刷体验课最后让每位游客制作一张小型复制印刷品。
99. letterform study
Pronunciation: LET-uh-form STUDY · 中文： 字形研究 · Meaning: the examination of the shapes and structures of written or printed characters.
Example: Letterform study helped us compare different pieces of type.
中文例句： 字形研究帮助我们比较不同活字的形状。
100. publishing fair
Pronunciation: PUBLISHING FAIR · 中文： 出版博览会 · Meaning: an event where publishers, printers and related organisations present work.
Example: A publishing fair connects historical printing with the modern publishing industry.
中文例句： 出版博览会把历史印刷与现代出版业联系起来。
Contents · Previous group · Cheongju context
Why Cheongju makes these words useful / 为什么清州适合学习这些词
The Cheongju Early Printing Museum stands at the Heungdeoksa Temple site associated with the printing of Jikji. Official visitor information describes Jikji as the oldest extant book printed with movable metal type. That makes Cheongju a rare destination where a learner can follow an abstract history-of-technology idea through physical objects: pieces of type, tools, printed pages and book structures.
Printing is also a systems lesson. Typecasting creates the reusable characters; composition arranges them; inking and pressure transfer the page; proofreading catches mistakes; preservation keeps surviving copies usable. One travel stop therefore connects engineering, language, craft, publishing and archives.
Places to explore and questions to ask / 参观与实用问题
At the Early Printing Museum, start with one piece of type. Look for the raised character face, then find the tools that organise many pieces into lines and pages. Ask which displays are original artifacts, reproductions or modern teaching models.
At the Heungdeoksa site, connect place with process. The importance of Jikji is not only that it is an old book, but that the surviving work records a sophisticated movable-metal-type printing tradition in late-fourteenth-century Korea.
If a visitor workshop offers printing, use the experience to understand pressure, ink transfer and alignment. Treat demonstrations involving hot metal or casting as professional processes rather than do-it-yourself activities.
A short conversation / 简短对话
Visitor: Is this an original piece of metal type? / 游客：这是一枚原始金属活字吗？
Guide: This display is a reproduction. The label explains which original evidence it is based on. / 向导：这件展品是复制品，说明牌介绍了它依据哪些原始证据制作。
Visitor: What is the difference between woodblock printing and movable type? / 游客：木版印刷和活字印刷有什么区别？
Guide: A woodblock keeps a fixed carved page, while movable type can be rearranged for another page. / 向导：木版保留固定雕刻页面，而活字可以重新排列来印其他页面。
Turn the visit into a paragraph / 把旅行写成一段话
Model paragraph — an imagined visit: In Cheongju, I stopped thinking of a printed page as one object. The museum broke it into a system. Individual type sorts were organised in a type case, assembled into lines, locked inside a page forme, inked and pressed onto paper. Jikji gave that mechanism historical weight because it connected the process to a real book printed in 1377. The visit made printing feel less like a background technology and more like a chain of precise decisions.
中文参考： 在清州，我不再把印刷页面看成一个单独物件。博物馆把它拆成了一个系统：单个活字字粒放在字盘中，再排成行，锁入整版框，上墨并压印到纸上。《直指》让这套机制具有真正的历史分量，因为它把整个过程连接到1377年印刷的一部真实书籍。参观之后，印刷不再只是背景技术，而是一连串精确决定。
Continue in the South Korea writing workbook.
Learn, compare and use the words / 学习与练习
Compare carefully: Typecasting makes the pieces; manual type composition arranges them; the page forme holds the finished layout. A proof sheet is a trial print, while a facsimile edition is a later reproduction designed to resemble an original document.
Build precision: Replace “They printed a book” with “The printer arranged movable metal type into a page forme, applied printing ink and transferred the impression to paper.” Then ask which parts are confirmed by the exhibit and which are your inference. Continue this evidence habit with The Fencing Method for Vocabulary.
Recall tomorrow: Draw a simple printing chain using five terms: type sort → composing stick → page forme → printing ink → impression. Then add one preservation term such as controlled humidity or light exposure.
Questions before you go / 出发前的小问题
Why is Jikji important?
Official museum and UNESCO-related sources identify Jikji as the oldest extant book printed with movable metal type. It was printed at Heungdeoksa in Cheongju in 1377.
Is movable type the same as woodblock printing?
No. Woodblock printing uses a fixed carved block. Movable type uses individual reusable characters that can be rearranged.
Can visitors cast metal type themselves?
Do not assume so. Casting involves hot metal and specialist equipment. Follow the museum’s current visitor programme and safety rules.
Continue learning with eduKate / 继续学习
South Korea travel vocabulary gives the wider country route. Continue through the Vocabulary Lists Control Tower and Vocabulary Articles and Knowledge Hub.
More Korea city guides: Damyang / 潭阳 · Daejeon / 大田 · Jeonju / 全州.
Official printing and heritage information
VISITKOREA: Cheongju Early Printing Museum and Heungdeoksa site
VISITKOREA: Cheongju Early Printing Museum
VISITKOREA: UNESCO Memory of the World Register in Korea
Use official sources for current opening hours, visitor programmes and exhibition details. Definitions, translations and examples are written for learning.