Top 100 Vocabulary for Visiting and Touring Korea | Danyang
Welcome to Danyang! Few destinations let one English lesson travel so naturally from deep underground to open sky. Limestone caves introduce karst, calcite, stalactites and cave conservation; Danyang’s paragliding scene then introduces wings, thermals, launch technique, glide performance and landing procedures. These 100 words and expressions keep those two worlds distinct but connected.
VISITKOREA describes Gosudonggul as a natural limestone cave with stalactites, stalagmites and other cave formations, while Danyang Paravillage offers tandem paragliding with safety briefing and designated takeoff and landing areas. The vocabulary therefore moves from geological observation to supervised flight operations without falling back on generic travel words.
How to use this guide / 使用说明： Pronunciation cues are approximate, not IPA. “Top 100” is our teaching selection. Caves can be wet, narrow and slippery; paragliding is weather-dependent and operator-controlled. This guide teaches language, not independent caving or flight instruction.
Your destination / 目的地： Danyang — 丹阳 — 단양. Keep the Korean name plus the exact cave or flight operator saved on your phone.
Find your next situation / 快速导航
1. Karst and limestone basics · 2. Cave spaces, water and minerals · 3. Visitor conditions inside a cave · 4. Cave safety, bats and conservation · 5. Gorge and limestone-landscape vocabulary · 6. Paragliding equipment and launch sites · 7. Launch technique and rising air · 8. Flight performance and landing · 9. Tandem safety and weather decisions · 10. Equipment checks and flight operations
Danyang context · Places and questions · Conversation · Model paragraph · Practice · Questions · Official sources
1. Karst and limestone basics | Words 1–10
1. karst
Pronunciation: KARST · 中文： 喀斯特 · Meaning: a landscape formed mainly by the dissolution of soluble rock such as limestone.
Example: At Danyang, the cave display helped us connect karst with limestone formation.
中文例句： 在丹阳，洞穴展板帮助我们把“喀斯特”与石灰岩形成联系起来。
2. limestone
Pronunciation: LIMESTONE · 中文： 石灰岩 · Meaning: a sedimentary rock composed largely of calcium carbonate.
Example: At Danyang, the cave display helped us connect limestone with limestone formation.
中文例句： 在丹阳，洞穴展板帮助我们把“石灰岩”与石灰岩形成联系起来。
3. limestone cliff
Pronunciation: LIMESTONE CLIFF · 中文： 石灰岩悬崖 · Meaning: a steep rock face made mainly of limestone.
Example: At Danyang, the cave display helped us connect limestone cliff with limestone formation.
中文例句： 在丹阳，洞穴展板帮助我们把“石灰岩悬崖”与石灰岩形成联系起来。
4. limestone cave
Pronunciation: LIMESTONE CAVE · 中文： 石灰岩洞穴 · Meaning: a cave developed within limestone.
Example: At Danyang, the cave display helped us connect limestone cave with limestone formation.
中文例句： 在丹阳，洞穴展板帮助我们把“石灰岩洞穴”与石灰岩形成联系起来。
5. solution cave
Pronunciation: SOLUTION CAVE · 中文： 溶洞 · Meaning: a cave formed as water dissolves soluble rock.
Example: At Danyang, the cave display helped us connect solution cave with limestone formation.
中文例句： 在丹阳，洞穴展板帮助我们把“溶洞”与石灰岩形成联系起来。
6. stalactite
Pronunciation: STAL-ak-tyte · 中文： 钟乳石 · Meaning: a mineral formation hanging from a cave ceiling.
Example: At Danyang, the cave display helped us connect stalactite with limestone formation.
中文例句： 在丹阳，洞穴展板帮助我们把“钟乳石”与石灰岩形成联系起来。
7. stalagmite
Pronunciation: STAL-ag-myte · 中文： 石笋 · Meaning: a mineral formation rising from a cave floor.
Example: At Danyang, the cave display helped us connect stalagmite with limestone formation.
中文例句： 在丹阳，洞穴展板帮助我们把“石笋”与石灰岩形成联系起来。
8. cave column
Pronunciation: CAVE COLUMN · 中文： 石柱 · Meaning: a cave formation created when a stalactite and stalagmite join.
Example: At Danyang, the cave display helped us connect cave column with limestone formation.
中文例句： 在丹阳，洞穴展板帮助我们把“石柱”与石灰岩形成联系起来。
9. flowstone
Pronunciation: FLOWSTONE · 中文： 流石 · Meaning: sheet-like mineral deposits formed by water flowing over cave surfaces.
Example: At Danyang, the cave display helped us connect flowstone with limestone formation.
中文例句： 在丹阳，洞穴展板帮助我们把“流石”与石灰岩形成联系起来。
10. dripstone
Pronunciation: DRIPSTONE · 中文： 滴水沉积物 · Meaning: cave mineral deposits formed from dripping water.
Example: At Danyang, the cave display helped us connect dripstone with limestone formation.
中文例句： 在丹阳，洞穴展板帮助我们把“滴水沉积物”与石灰岩形成联系起来。
2. Cave spaces, water and minerals | Words 11–20
11. cave chamber
Pronunciation: CAVE CHAMBER · 中文： 洞室 · Meaning: a larger open space within a cave system.
Example: Inside the cave route, cave chamber became easier to understand from the surrounding rock and water.
中文例句： 进入洞穴路线后，周围的岩石和水让“洞室”更容易理解。
12. cave passage
Pronunciation: CAVE PASSAGE · 中文： 洞道 · Meaning: a corridor-like route through a cave.
Example: Inside the cave route, cave passage became easier to understand from the surrounding rock and water.
中文例句： 进入洞穴路线后，周围的岩石和水让“洞道”更容易理解。
13. cave entrance
Pronunciation: CAVE ENTRANCE · 中文： 洞穴入口 · Meaning: the point where a cave opens to the surface.
Example: Inside the cave route, cave entrance became easier to understand from the surrounding rock and water.
中文例句： 进入洞穴路线后，周围的岩石和水让“洞穴入口”更容易理解。
14. cave mouth
Pronunciation: CAVE MOUTH · 中文： 洞口 · Meaning: the visible opening of a cave.
Example: Inside the cave route, cave mouth became easier to understand from the surrounding rock and water.
中文例句： 进入洞穴路线后，周围的岩石和水让“洞口”更容易理解。
15. cavern
Pronunciation: CAVERN · 中文： 大洞穴 · Meaning: a large cave or large chamber within a cave.
Example: Inside the cave route, cavern became easier to understand from the surrounding rock and water.
中文例句： 进入洞穴路线后，周围的岩石和水让“大洞穴”更容易理解。
16. sinkhole
Pronunciation: SINKHOLE · 中文： 天坑；落水洞 · Meaning: a depression formed where ground collapses or dissolves in karst terrain.
Example: Inside the cave route, sinkhole became easier to understand from the surrounding rock and water.
中文例句： 进入洞穴路线后，周围的岩石和水让“天坑；落水洞”更容易理解。
17. doline
Pronunciation: DOH-leen · 中文： 喀斯特洼地 · Meaning: a closed depression typical of karst landscapes.
Example: Inside the cave route, doline became easier to understand from the surrounding rock and water.
中文例句： 进入洞穴路线后，周围的岩石和水让“喀斯特洼地”更容易理解。
18. underground stream
Pronunciation: UNDERGROUND STREAM · 中文： 地下溪流 · Meaning: a stream flowing through a cave or beneath the ground.
Example: Inside the cave route, underground stream became easier to understand from the surrounding rock and water.
中文例句： 进入洞穴路线后，周围的岩石和水让“地下溪流”更容易理解。
19. calcite
Pronunciation: KAL-syte · 中文： 方解石 · Meaning: a common calcium-carbonate mineral found in limestone caves.
Example: Inside the cave route, calcite became easier to understand from the surrounding rock and water.
中文例句： 进入洞穴路线后，周围的岩石和水让“方解石”更容易理解。
20. calcium carbonate
Pronunciation: CALCIUM CARBONATE · 中文： 碳酸钙 · Meaning: a chemical compound that forms limestone and many cave deposits.
Example: Inside the cave route, calcium carbonate became easier to understand from the surrounding rock and water.
中文例句： 进入洞穴路线后，周围的岩石和水让“碳酸钙”更容易理解。
3. Visitor conditions inside a cave | Words 21–30
21. speleothem
Pronunciation: SPEE-lee-oh-them · 中文： 洞穴沉积物 · Meaning: a mineral deposit formed in a cave.
Example: The visitor path made speleothem a practical word rather than only a textbook term.
中文例句： 参观步道让“洞穴沉积物”不再只是课本词汇，而成为实用表达。
22. cave deposit
Pronunciation: CAVE DEPOSIT · 中文： 洞穴沉积 · Meaning: mineral material deposited within a cave.
Example: The visitor path made cave deposit a practical word rather than only a textbook term.
中文例句： 参观步道让“洞穴沉积”不再只是课本词汇，而成为实用表达。
23. cave humidity
Pronunciation: CAVE HUMIDITY · 中文： 洞内湿度 · Meaning: the amount of moisture in cave air.
Example: The visitor path made cave humidity a practical word rather than only a textbook term.
中文例句： 参观步道让“洞内湿度”不再只是课本词汇，而成为实用表达。
24. cave temperature
Pronunciation: CAVE TEMPERATURE · 中文： 洞内温度 · Meaning: the air temperature inside a cave.
Example: The visitor path made cave temperature a practical word rather than only a textbook term.
中文例句： 参观步道让“洞内温度”不再只是课本词汇，而成为实用表达。
25. cave lighting
Pronunciation: CAVE LIGHTING · 中文： 洞穴照明 · Meaning: artificial lighting installed for cave viewing.
Example: The visitor path made cave lighting a practical word rather than only a textbook term.
中文例句： 参观步道让“洞穴照明”不再只是课本词汇，而成为实用表达。
26. cave walkway
Pronunciation: CAVE WALKWAY · 中文： 洞内步道 · Meaning: a constructed route for visitors inside a cave.
Example: The visitor path made cave walkway a practical word rather than only a textbook term.
中文例句： 参观步道让“洞内步道”不再只是课本词汇，而成为实用表达。
27. cave handrail
Pronunciation: CAVE HANDRAIL · 中文： 洞内扶手 · Meaning: a rail installed to support visitors on cave routes.
Example: The visitor path made cave handrail a practical word rather than only a textbook term.
中文例句： 参观步道让“洞内扶手”不再只是课本词汇，而成为实用表达。
28. low ceiling
Pronunciation: LOW CEILING · 中文： 低矮洞顶 · Meaning: a cave roof with limited headroom.
Example: The visitor path made low ceiling a practical word rather than only a textbook term.
中文例句： 参观步道让“低矮洞顶”不再只是课本词汇，而成为实用表达。
29. narrow passage
Pronunciation: NARROW PASSAGE · 中文： 狭窄通道 · Meaning: a confined route through a cave.
Example: The visitor path made narrow passage a practical word rather than only a textbook term.
中文例句： 参观步道让“狭窄通道”不再只是课本词汇，而成为实用表达。
30. slippery step
Pronunciation: SLIPPERY STEP · 中文： 湿滑台阶 · Meaning: a step with reduced grip, often because of moisture.
Example: The visitor path made slippery step a practical word rather than only a textbook term.
中文例句： 参观步道让“湿滑台阶”不再只是课本词汇，而成为实用表达。
4. Cave safety, bats and conservation | Words 31–40
31. cave guide
Pronunciation: CAVE GUIDE · 中文： 洞穴向导 · Meaning: a person who leads or explains a cave visit.
Example: A safety sign or guide explanation gave us a clear reason to remember cave guide.
中文例句： 安全标志或向导说明让我们明白为什么要记住“洞穴向导”。
32. helmet lamp
Pronunciation: HELMET LAMP · 中文： 头盔灯 · Meaning: a light attached to protective headgear.
Example: A safety sign or guide explanation gave us a clear reason to remember helmet lamp.
中文例句： 安全标志或向导说明让我们明白为什么要记住“头盔灯”。
33. headlamp
Pronunciation: HEADLAMP · 中文： 头灯 · Meaning: a light worn on the head.
Example: A safety sign or guide explanation gave us a clear reason to remember headlamp.
中文例句： 安全标志或向导说明让我们明白为什么要记住“头灯”。
34. bat colony
Pronunciation: BAT COLONY · 中文： 蝙蝠群落 · Meaning: a group of bats living or roosting together.
Example: A safety sign or guide explanation gave us a clear reason to remember bat colony.
中文例句： 安全标志或向导说明让我们明白为什么要记住“蝙蝠群落”。
35. bat roost
Pronunciation: BAT ROOST · 中文： 蝙蝠栖息地 · Meaning: a place where bats rest or shelter.
Example: A safety sign or guide explanation gave us a clear reason to remember bat roost.
中文例句： 安全标志或向导说明让我们明白为什么要记住“蝙蝠栖息地”。
36. cave conservation
Pronunciation: CAVE CONSERVATION · 中文： 洞穴保护 · Meaning: management intended to protect cave environments and formations.
Example: A safety sign or guide explanation gave us a clear reason to remember cave conservation.
中文例句： 安全标志或向导说明让我们明白为什么要记住“洞穴保护”。
37. no-touch rule
Pronunciation: NO-TOUCH RULE · 中文： 禁止触摸规定 · Meaning: a rule requiring visitors not to touch cave surfaces or formations.
Example: A safety sign or guide explanation gave us a clear reason to remember no-touch rule.
中文例句： 安全标志或向导说明让我们明白为什么要记住“禁止触摸规定”。
38. restricted chamber
Pronunciation: RESTRICTED CHAMBER · 中文： 限制进入洞室 · Meaning: a cave chamber closed or limited to protect safety or conservation.
Example: A safety sign or guide explanation gave us a clear reason to remember restricted chamber.
中文例句： 安全标志或向导说明让我们明白为什么要记住“限制进入洞室”。
39. drip water
Pronunciation: DRIP WATER · 中文： 滴水 · Meaning: water falling in drops from cave surfaces.
Example: A safety sign or guide explanation gave us a clear reason to remember drip water.
中文例句： 安全标志或向导说明让我们明白为什么要记住“滴水”。
40. mineral stain
Pronunciation: MINERAL STAIN · 中文： 矿物色痕 · Meaning: colouring on rock caused by mineral deposits.
Example: A safety sign or guide explanation gave us a clear reason to remember mineral stain.
中文例句： 安全标志或向导说明让我们明白为什么要记住“矿物色痕”。
5. Gorge and limestone-landscape vocabulary | Words 41–50
41. limestone gorge
Pronunciation: LIMESTONE GORGE · 中文： 石灰岩峡谷 · Meaning: a narrow valley cut through limestone.
Example: From the river landscape, we used limestone gorge to describe one visible landform.
中文例句： 从河流景观中，我们用“石灰岩峡谷”描述一个可见地貌。
42. river terrace
Pronunciation: RIVER TERRACE · 中文： 河阶地 · Meaning: a step-like former floodplain above the present river level.
Example: From the river landscape, we used river terrace to describe one visible landform.
中文例句： 从河流景观中，我们用“河阶地”描述一个可见地貌。
43. scenic river
Pronunciation: SCENIC RIVER · 中文： 景观河流 · Meaning: a river valued for its visible landscape.
Example: From the river landscape, we used scenic river to describe one visible landform.
中文例句： 从河流景观中，我们用“景观河流”描述一个可见地貌。
44. rock pinnacle
Pronunciation: ROCK PINNACLE · 中文： 岩石尖峰 · Meaning: a narrow prominent rock tower or peak.
Example: From the river landscape, we used rock pinnacle to describe one visible landform.
中文例句： 从河流景观中，我们用“岩石尖峰”描述一个可见地貌。
45. karst tower
Pronunciation: KARST TOWER · 中文： 喀斯特峰林石塔 · Meaning: a steep isolated limestone hill or tower.
Example: From the river landscape, we used karst tower to describe one visible landform.
中文例句： 从河流景观中，我们用“喀斯特峰林石塔”描述一个可见地貌。
46. cliff viewpoint
Pronunciation: CLIFF VIEWPOINT · 中文： 悬崖观景点 · Meaning: a designated place for viewing a cliff landscape.
Example: From the river landscape, we used cliff viewpoint to describe one visible landform.
中文例句： 从河流景观中，我们用“悬崖观景点”描述一个可见地貌。
47. limestone river bend
Pronunciation: LIMESTONE RIVER BEND · 中文： 石灰岩河湾 · Meaning: a curved section of river bordered by limestone terrain.
Example: From the river landscape, we used limestone river bend to describe one visible landform.
中文例句： 从河流景观中，我们用“石灰岩河湾”描述一个可见地貌。
48. vertical cliff
Pronunciation: VERTICAL CLIFF · 中文： 垂直峭壁 · Meaning: a near-upright rock face.
Example: From the river landscape, we used vertical cliff to describe one visible landform.
中文例句： 从河流景观中，我们用“垂直峭壁”描述一个可见地貌。
49. erosion hollow
Pronunciation: EROSION HOLLOW · 中文： 侵蚀凹穴 · Meaning: a hollow created by erosion.
Example: From the river landscape, we used erosion hollow to describe one visible landform.
中文例句： 从河流景观中，我们用“侵蚀凹穴”描述一个可见地貌。
50. weathered limestone
Pronunciation: WEATHERED LIMESTONE · 中文： 风化石灰岩 · Meaning: limestone altered by physical or chemical weathering.
Example: From the river landscape, we used weathered limestone to describe one visible landform.
中文例句： 从河流景观中，我们用“风化石灰岩”描述一个可见地貌。
6. Paragliding equipment and launch sites | Words 51–60
51. paraglider
Pronunciation: PAIR-uh-gly-duh · 中文： 滑翔伞飞行员 · Meaning: a person flying a paraglider.
Example: Before paragliding, the operator explained how paraglider fits into the launch system.
中文例句： 滑翔伞起飞前，运营方解释了“滑翔伞飞行员”在起飞系统中的作用。
52. paragliding canopy
Pronunciation: PAIR-uh-gly-ding KAN-uh-pee · 中文： 滑翔伞翼 · Meaning: the fabric wing used in paragliding.
Example: Before paragliding, the operator explained how paragliding canopy fits into the launch system.
中文例句： 滑翔伞起飞前，运营方解释了“滑翔伞翼”在起飞系统中的作用。
53. paragliding wing
Pronunciation: PARAGLIDING WING · 中文： 滑翔伞翼面 · Meaning: the aerodynamic wing that supports a paraglider.
Example: Before paragliding, the operator explained how paragliding wing fits into the launch system.
中文例句： 滑翔伞起飞前，运营方解释了“滑翔伞翼面”在起飞系统中的作用。
54. flight harness
Pronunciation: FLIGHT HARNESS · 中文： 飞行吊带 · Meaning: the seat and restraint system worn by a paraglider.
Example: Before paragliding, the operator explained how flight harness fits into the launch system.
中文例句： 滑翔伞起飞前，运营方解释了“飞行吊带”在起飞系统中的作用。
55. reserve parachute
Pronunciation: RESERVE PARACHUTE · 中文： 备用降落伞 · Meaning: an emergency parachute carried during a paragliding flight.
Example: Before paragliding, the operator explained how reserve parachute fits into the launch system.
中文例句： 滑翔伞起飞前，运营方解释了“备用降落伞”在起飞系统中的作用。
56. riser
Pronunciation: RY-zuh · 中文： 伞绳组带 · Meaning: a strap connecting the harness to groups of suspension lines.
Example: Before paragliding, the operator explained how riser fits into the launch system.
中文例句： 滑翔伞起飞前，运营方解释了“伞绳组带”在起飞系统中的作用。
57. brake toggle
Pronunciation: BRAKE TOGGLE · 中文： 刹车手柄 · Meaning: a control handle used to steer and slow a paraglider.
Example: Before paragliding, the operator explained how brake toggle fits into the launch system.
中文例句： 滑翔伞起飞前，运营方解释了“刹车手柄”在起飞系统中的作用。
58. launch site
Pronunciation: LAUNCH SITE · 中文： 起飞场 · Meaning: a designated place for beginning a paragliding flight.
Example: Before paragliding, the operator explained how launch site fits into the launch system.
中文例句： 滑翔伞起飞前，运营方解释了“起飞场”在起飞系统中的作用。
59. takeoff zone
Pronunciation: TAKEOFF ZONE · 中文： 起飞区 · Meaning: the part of a launch area used for takeoff.
Example: Before paragliding, the operator explained how takeoff zone fits into the launch system.
中文例句： 滑翔伞起飞前，运营方解释了“起飞区”在起飞系统中的作用。
60. launch slope
Pronunciation: LAUNCH SLOPE · 中文： 起飞坡 · Meaning: a sloping surface used to inflate and launch a paraglider.
Example: Before paragliding, the operator explained how launch slope fits into the launch system.
中文例句： 滑翔伞起飞前，运营方解释了“起飞坡”在起飞系统中的作用。
7. Launch technique and rising air | Words 61–70
61. canopy inflation
Pronunciation: CANOPY INFLATION · 中文： 伞翼充气 · Meaning: the process of filling the paraglider wing with air before launch.
Example: The ground briefing used canopy inflation to explain how a paraglider responds to air and wind.
中文例句： 地面说明用“伞翼充气”解释滑翔伞如何受到空气和风的影响。
62. forward launch
Pronunciation: FORWARD LAUNCH · 中文： 正向起飞 · Meaning: a launch technique in which the pilot faces forward while inflating the wing.
Example: The ground briefing used forward launch to explain how a paraglider responds to air and wind.
中文例句： 地面说明用“正向起飞”解释滑翔伞如何受到空气和风的影响。
63. reverse launch
Pronunciation: REVERSE LAUNCH · 中文： 反向起飞 · Meaning: a launch technique in which the pilot faces the canopy during inflation.
Example: The ground briefing used reverse launch to explain how a paraglider responds to air and wind.
中文例句： 地面说明用“反向起飞”解释滑翔伞如何受到空气和风的影响。
64. ground handling
Pronunciation: GROUND HANDLING · 中文： 地面控伞 · Meaning: practising canopy control while remaining on the ground.
Example: The ground briefing used ground handling to explain how a paraglider responds to air and wind.
中文例句： 地面说明用“地面控伞”解释滑翔伞如何受到空气和风的影响。
65. windsock
Pronunciation: WINDSOCK · 中文： 风向袋 · Meaning: a fabric tube showing wind direction and approximate strength.
Example: The ground briefing used windsock to explain how a paraglider responds to air and wind.
中文例句： 地面说明用“风向袋”解释滑翔伞如何受到空气和风的影响。
66. wind direction
Pronunciation: WIND DIRECTION · 中文： 风向 · Meaning: the direction from which the wind blows.
Example: The ground briefing used wind direction to explain how a paraglider responds to air and wind.
中文例句： 地面说明用“风向”解释滑翔伞如何受到空气和风的影响。
67. thermal
Pronunciation: THUR-muhl · 中文： 热气流 · Meaning: a rising column of warm air that can provide lift.
Example: The ground briefing used thermal to explain how a paraglider responds to air and wind.
中文例句： 地面说明用“热气流”解释滑翔伞如何受到空气和风的影响。
68. ridge lift
Pronunciation: RIDGE LIFT · 中文： 山脊升力 · Meaning: upward air created when wind is deflected by a ridge.
Example: The ground briefing used ridge lift to explain how a paraglider responds to air and wind.
中文例句： 地面说明用“山脊升力”解释滑翔伞如何受到空气和风的影响。
69. lift band
Pronunciation: LIFT BAND · 中文： 升力带 · Meaning: a zone of rising air that can support flight.
Example: The ground briefing used lift band to explain how a paraglider responds to air and wind.
中文例句： 地面说明用“升力带”解释滑翔伞如何受到空气和风的影响。
70. sink rate
Pronunciation: SINK RATE · 中文： 下沉率 · Meaning: the rate at which a glider loses altitude.
Example: The ground briefing used sink rate to explain how a paraglider responds to air and wind.
中文例句： 地面说明用“下沉率”解释滑翔伞如何受到空气和风的影响。
8. Flight performance and landing | Words 71–80
71. glide ratio
Pronunciation: GLIDE RATIO · 中文： 滑翔比 · Meaning: horizontal distance travelled compared with altitude lost.
Example: During the flight explanation, glide ratio helped us describe movement more precisely.
中文例句： 飞行讲解中，“滑翔比”帮助我们更准确地描述运动。
72. airspeed
Pronunciation: AIR-speed · 中文： 空速 · Meaning: speed through the surrounding air.
Example: During the flight explanation, airspeed helped us describe movement more precisely.
中文例句： 飞行讲解中，“空速”帮助我们更准确地描述运动。
73. ground speed
Pronunciation: GROUND SPEED · 中文： 地速 · Meaning: speed relative to the ground.
Example: During the flight explanation, ground speed helped us describe movement more precisely.
中文例句： 飞行讲解中，“地速”帮助我们更准确地描述运动。
74. altitude gain
Pronunciation: ALTITUDE GAIN · 中文： 高度增加 · Meaning: an increase in flight altitude.
Example: During the flight explanation, altitude gain helped us describe movement more precisely.
中文例句： 飞行讲解中，“高度增加”帮助我们更准确地描述运动。
75. flight path
Pronunciation: FLIGHT PATH · 中文： 飞行路径 · Meaning: the route followed through the air.
Example: During the flight explanation, flight path helped us describe movement more precisely.
中文例句： 飞行讲解中，“飞行路径”帮助我们更准确地描述运动。
76. designated landing field
Pronunciation: DESIGNATED LANDING FIELD · 中文： 指定着陆场 · Meaning: an approved area for landing.
Example: During the flight explanation, designated landing field helped us describe movement more precisely.
中文例句： 飞行讲解中，“指定着陆场”帮助我们更准确地描述运动。
77. approach pattern
Pronunciation: APPROACH PATTERN · 中文： 进场航线 · Meaning: the planned sequence used to position for landing.
Example: During the flight explanation, approach pattern helped us describe movement more precisely.
中文例句： 飞行讲解中，“进场航线”帮助我们更准确地描述运动。
78. final approach
Pronunciation: FINAL APPROACH · 中文： 最后进场 · Meaning: the last flight segment before touchdown.
Example: During the flight explanation, final approach helped us describe movement more precisely.
中文例句： 飞行讲解中，“最后进场”帮助我们更准确地描述运动。
79. landing flare
Pronunciation: LANDING FLARE · 中文： 着陆拉平 · Meaning: a control action used just before landing to reduce descent and speed.
Example: During the flight explanation, landing flare helped us describe movement more precisely.
中文例句： 飞行讲解中，“着陆拉平”帮助我们更准确地描述运动。
80. touchdown
Pronunciation: TOUCHDOWN · 中文： 接地 · Meaning: the moment a pilot or passenger reaches the ground.
Example: During the flight explanation, touchdown helped us describe movement more precisely.
中文例句： 飞行讲解中，“接地”帮助我们更准确地描述运动。
9. Tandem safety and weather decisions | Words 81–90
81. tandem flight
Pronunciation: TANDEM FLIGHT · 中文： 双人滑翔伞飞行 · Meaning: a paragliding flight with a pilot and passenger in one wing system.
Example: The tandem briefing connected tandem flight with weather and passenger safety.
中文例句： 双人飞行说明把“双人滑翔伞飞行”与天气和乘客安全联系起来。
82. tandem pilot
Pronunciation: TANDEM PILOT · 中文： 双人飞行教练员 · Meaning: a qualified pilot who controls a tandem paraglider.
Example: The tandem briefing connected tandem pilot with weather and passenger safety.
中文例句： 双人飞行说明把“双人飞行教练员”与天气和乘客安全联系起来。
83. passenger briefing
Pronunciation: PASSENGER BRIEFING · 中文： 乘客安全说明 · Meaning: instructions given to a passenger before flight.
Example: The tandem briefing connected passenger briefing with weather and passenger safety.
中文例句： 双人飞行说明把“乘客安全说明”与天气和乘客安全联系起来。
84. weight limit
Pronunciation: WEIGHT LIMIT · 中文： 体重限制 · Meaning: the permitted passenger or equipment weight range.
Example: The tandem briefing connected weight limit with weather and passenger safety.
中文例句： 双人飞行说明把“体重限制”与天气和乘客安全联系起来。
85. weather check
Pronunciation: WEATHER CHECK · 中文： 天气检查 · Meaning: a review of current and forecast weather before flying.
Example: The tandem briefing connected weather check with weather and passenger safety.
中文例句： 双人飞行说明把“天气检查”与天气和乘客安全联系起来。
86. wind limit
Pronunciation: WIND LIMIT · 中文： 风速限制 · Meaning: the maximum or permitted wind condition for an activity.
Example: The tandem briefing connected wind limit with weather and passenger safety.
中文例句： 双人飞行说明把“风速限制”与天气和乘客安全联系起来。
87. flight cancellation
Pronunciation: FLIGHT CANCELLATION · 中文： 取消飞行 · Meaning: a decision not to fly because conditions or operations are unsuitable.
Example: The tandem briefing connected flight cancellation with weather and passenger safety.
中文例句： 双人飞行说明把“取消飞行”与天气和乘客安全联系起来。
88. flight helmet
Pronunciation: FLIGHT HELMET · 中文： 飞行头盔 · Meaning: protective headgear used during paragliding.
Example: The tandem briefing connected flight helmet with weather and passenger safety.
中文例句： 双人飞行说明把“飞行头盔”与天气和乘客安全联系起来。
89. harness buckle
Pronunciation: HARNESS BUCKLE · 中文： 吊带扣 · Meaning: a fastening device securing the flight harness.
Example: The tandem briefing connected harness buckle with weather and passenger safety.
中文例句： 双人飞行说明把“吊带扣”与天气和乘客安全联系起来。
90. carabiner
Pronunciation: kar-uh-BEE-nuh · 中文： 登山扣；连接扣 · Meaning: a strong metal connector used in climbing and flight equipment.
Example: The tandem briefing connected carabiner with weather and passenger safety.
中文例句： 双人飞行说明把“登山扣；连接扣”与天气和乘客安全联系起来。
10. Equipment checks and flight operations | Words 91–100
91. suspension line
Pronunciation: SUSPENSION LINE · 中文： 伞绳 · Meaning: a line connecting a paraglider canopy to the risers.
Example: The pre-flight check showed why suspension line matters before leaving the ground.
中文例句： 飞行前检查说明了为什么离地之前必须确认“伞绳”。
92. line check
Pronunciation: LINE CHECK · 中文： 伞绳检查 · Meaning: an inspection to confirm that suspension lines are clear and correctly arranged.
Example: The pre-flight check showed why line check matters before leaving the ground.
中文例句： 飞行前检查说明了为什么离地之前必须确认“伞绳检查”。
93. canopy inspection
Pronunciation: CANOPY INSPECTION · 中文： 伞翼检查 · Meaning: a check of the paraglider wing for damage or problems.
Example: The pre-flight check showed why canopy inspection matters before leaving the ground.
中文例句： 飞行前检查说明了为什么离地之前必须确认“伞翼检查”。
94. radio communication
Pronunciation: RADIO COMMUNICATION · 中文： 无线电通信 · Meaning: voice communication using a radio during activity operations.
Example: The pre-flight check showed why radio communication matters before leaving the ground.
中文例句： 飞行前检查说明了为什么离地之前必须确认“无线电通信”。
95. flight marshal
Pronunciation: FLIGHT MARSHAL · 中文： 飞行场协调员 · Meaning: a person helping coordinate safe launch or landing operations.
Example: The pre-flight check showed why flight marshal matters before leaving the ground.
中文例句： 飞行前检查说明了为什么离地之前必须确认“飞行场协调员”。
96. launch queue
Pronunciation: LAUNCH QUEUE · 中文： 起飞排队 · Meaning: the order in which pilots wait to launch.
Example: The pre-flight check showed why launch queue matters before leaving the ground.
中文例句： 飞行前检查说明了为什么离地之前必须确认“起飞排队”。
97. retrieval vehicle
Pronunciation: RETRIEVAL VEHICLE · 中文： 接驳回收车辆 · Meaning: a vehicle used to collect participants after landing.
Example: The pre-flight check showed why retrieval vehicle matters before leaving the ground.
中文例句： 飞行前检查说明了为什么离地之前必须确认“接驳回收车辆”。
98. landing field
Pronunciation: LANDING FIELD · 中文： 着陆场 · Meaning: an area used for landing paragliders.
Example: The pre-flight check showed why landing field matters before leaving the ground.
中文例句： 飞行前检查说明了为什么离地之前必须确认“着陆场”。
99. flight certificate
Pronunciation: FLIGHT CERTIFICATE · 中文： 飞行证明 · Meaning: a document recording or confirming a flight or qualification.
Example: The pre-flight check showed why flight certificate matters before leaving the ground.
中文例句： 飞行前检查说明了为什么离地之前必须确认“飞行证明”。
100. liability waiver
Pronunciation: LIABILITY WAIVER · 中文： 责任豁免书 · Meaning: a legal form acknowledging risks and terms of participation.
Example: The pre-flight check showed why liability waiver matters before leaving the ground.
中文例句： 飞行前检查说明了为什么离地之前必须确认“责任豁免书”。
Danyang context / 丹阳背景
Gosudonggul Cave is recognised as a natural limestone attraction with major speleothems such as stalactites and stalagmites. Danyang’s wider tourist landscape also includes dramatic river and mountain scenery. That helps learners connect rock chemistry, underground water and visible landforms rather than treating a cave as an isolated room.
Paragliding creates a second vocabulary system built around control and conditions. A tandem passenger may not steer the wing, but understanding windsock, passenger briefing, wind limit, final approach and landing field makes the activity more legible. Weather is a constraint, not an inconvenience to be argued away.
Places to explore and questions to ask / 参观与实用问题
- Which cave formations are natural deposits and which surfaces are visitor infrastructure? / 哪些洞穴形态是天然沉积，哪些属于参观设施？
- Why is touching cave formations restricted? / 为什么洞穴沉积物通常禁止触摸？
- What wind limit applies to today’s tandem flights? / 今天双人滑翔伞采用什么风速限制？
- Where are the designated takeoff and landing fields? / 指定起飞场和着陆场在哪里？
- What happens if the weather check is unsuitable? / 如果天气检查不合适，会怎样处理？
A short conversation / 简短对话
Visitor: Is the flight still operating in this wind? / 游客：现在这样的风还能飞吗？
Operator: We will complete the weather check first. If the wind is outside our operating limit, the flight will be delayed or cancelled. / 运营方：我们会先完成天气检查。如果风况超出运营限制，飞行会延迟或取消。
From cave floor to open sky / 从洞穴到天空
Model paragraph — an imagined day: In Danyang, the cave taught me to look slowly. Drip water had built mineral deposits over long periods, while the handrails and walkway showed how carefully visitors must move through the space. Later, a paragliding briefing changed the vocabulary completely: canopy, windsock, launch slope and final approach. The contrast made the day memorable because both activities depended on reading the environment correctly.
中文参考： 在丹阳，洞穴让我学会慢慢观察。滴水经过漫长时间形成矿物沉积，而扶手和步道则说明游客必须谨慎移动。后来，滑翔伞安全说明让词汇完全改变：伞翼、风向袋、起飞坡和最后进场。两种活动都依赖正确理解环境，这种对比让一天格外难忘。
Learn, compare and use the words / 学习与练习
Compare carefully: Stalactites hang; stalagmites rise. A speleothem is the broader class of cave mineral formations. In flight, airspeed and ground speed are not the same measurement, while lift and sink describe opposite vertical tendencies.
Build precision: Use The Fencing Method for Vocabulary to separate similar words, then explain one cave process and one flight process without looking. Continue longer writing in the South Korea writing workbook.
Questions before you go / 出发前的小问题
Why should visitors avoid touching cave formations?
Touching can deposit oils and dirt and may damage delicate surfaces. Follow the cave’s posted conservation rules.
Can I insist on flying if I already booked?
No. Paragliding depends on current weather, equipment and operator judgement. A booking does not override a safety decision.
Should I learn all 100 words?
No. Choose cave vocabulary for the underground visit and flight vocabulary only if you are studying or taking part in paragliding.
Continue learning with eduKate / 继续学习
South Korea travel vocabulary · Vocabulary Lists Control Tower · Vocabulary Articles and Knowledge Hub.
More Korea city guides: Sokcho / 束草 · Pyeongchang / 平昌 · Yangyang / 襄阳.
Official visitor information
VISITKOREA: Danyang Paravillage Paragliding
VISITKOREA: Danyang Special Tourist Zone
Use current official and operator information for opening hours, cave access, flight availability and weather restrictions. Definitions, translations and examples are written for learning.