Top 100 Vocabulary for Visiting and Touring Korea | Taebaek
Welcome to Taebaek! Coal is a black rock, but its vocabulary opens into geology, engineering, labour, housing, household energy and national modernisation. A coal seam leads to a shaft; a shaft needs hoisting, ventilation and support; production creates transport systems and mining villages; mine closure creates another story about transition and memory. These 100 English words and expressions follow that entire chain, with simplified Chinese meanings and bilingual examples.
Current VISITKOREA information describes Taebaek Coal Museum as being located where coal was first discovered in Korea and as a place for learning how coal supported the country’s modernisation. The museum’s exhibitions make it possible to connect underground technology with miners’ lives and the wider energy system.
How to use this guide / 使用说明： This is historical and technical vocabulary for visitors. It is not an instruction manual for entering mines or operating mining equipment. Working and closed mines can contain serious hazards; visit only official public facilities and follow site rules.
Your destination / 目的地： Taebaek — 太白 — 태백. Save the Korean name for the Coal Museum and any other official visitor site.
Find your next situation / 快速导航
1. Coal geology and deposits · 2. Shafts, hoisting and haulage · 3. Underground workings · 4. Mining and coal-processing machinery · 5. Ground support and ventilation · 6. Gas, dust and mine lighting · 7. Miners, rescue and shift routines · 8. Coal briquettes and household energy · 9. Mining communities and transition · 10. Museum interpretation and industrial memory
Taebaek context · Places and questions · Conversation · Model paragraph · Practice · Questions · Official sources
1. Coal geology and deposits | Words 1–10
1. coal seam
Pronunciation: KOHL SEEM · 中文： 煤层 · Meaning: a layer of coal within surrounding rock.
Example: The museum model showed a coal seam running between layers of rock.
中文例句： 博物馆模型展示了一层煤夹在其他岩层之间。
2. anthracite
Pronunciation: AN-thruh-syt · 中文： 无烟煤 · Meaning: a hard coal with high carbon content and relatively low volatile matter.
Example: Taebaek’s mining history is strongly associated with anthracite coal.
中文例句： 太白的采矿历史与无烟煤密切相关。
3. coal measure
Pronunciation: KOHL MEASURE · 中文： 含煤地层 · Meaning: a sequence of rock layers containing coal seams.
Example: The geological display placed several seams within the same coal measure.
中文例句： 地质展览把多个煤层放在同一套含煤地层中说明。
4. coalfield
Pronunciation: KOHL-feeld · 中文： 煤田 · Meaning: an area containing workable coal deposits.
Example: Taebaek developed as part of an important Korean coalfield.
中文例句： 太白曾作为韩国重要煤田的一部分发展起来。
5. coal deposit
Pronunciation: KOHL DEPOSIT · 中文： 煤炭矿床 · Meaning: a natural concentration of coal in the ground.
Example: A coal deposit must be mapped before its scale can be understood.
中文例句： 要了解煤炭矿床的规模，必须先进行地质测绘。
6. coal outcrop
Pronunciation: KOHL OWT-krop · 中文： 煤层露头 · Meaning: a place where a coal seam reaches or is visible at the ground surface.
Example: The diagram showed how a coal outcrop can reveal a seam at the surface.
中文例句： 图解说明煤层露头如何让煤层在地表显现。
7. overburden
Pronunciation: OH-vuh-bur-duhn · 中文： 覆盖层 · Meaning: rock and soil lying above a mineral deposit.
Example: The cross-section showed thick overburden above the coal seam.
中文例句： 剖面图显示煤层上方有较厚的覆盖层。
8. mine shaft
Pronunciation: MINE SHAFT · 中文： 矿井竖井 · Meaning: a vertical or steep passage connecting the surface with underground workings.
Example: The mine shaft linked surface facilities with underground levels.
中文例句： 矿井竖井把地面设施与地下作业层连接起来。
9. mine adit
Pronunciation: MINE AD-it · 中文： 平硐 · Meaning: a near-horizontal entrance driven into a hillside.
Example: A mine adit can provide direct access from the side of a mountain.
中文例句： 平硐可以从山体侧面直接进入地下。
10. mine tunnel
Pronunciation: MINE TUNNEL · 中文： 矿井巷道 · Meaning: an underground passage made for mining access or transport.
Example: The reproduced mine tunnel helped visitors imagine underground work.
中文例句： 复原矿井巷道帮助游客想象地下工作环境。
2. Shafts, hoisting and haulage | Words 11–20
11. vertical shaft
Pronunciation: VERTICAL SHAFT · 中文： 垂直竖井 · Meaning: a shaft descending nearly straight downward.
Example: A vertical shaft requires lifting equipment to move people and materials.
中文例句： 垂直竖井需要提升设备运送人员和物料。
12. incline shaft
Pronunciation: INCLINE SHAFT · 中文： 斜井 · Meaning: a sloping shaft connecting different mine levels.
Example: The incline shaft followed the angle of the underground route.
中文例句： 斜井沿着地下路线的倾斜方向延伸。
13. shaft collar
Pronunciation: SHAFT COLLAR · 中文： 井口圈 · Meaning: the reinforced top edge of a mine shaft.
Example: The shaft collar marked the controlled entrance to the vertical opening.
中文例句： 井口圈划定了垂直井口的受控入口。
14. headframe
Pronunciation: HED-fraym · 中文： 井架 · Meaning: the structure above a shaft supporting hoisting equipment.
Example: The headframe became a visual symbol of deep mining.
中文例句： 井架成为深井采矿很有代表性的视觉符号。
15. winding gear
Pronunciation: WYN-ding GEAR · 中文： 提升绞车设备 · Meaning: machinery used to raise and lower cages or loads in a shaft.
Example: The winding gear controlled movement through the shaft.
中文例句： 提升绞车设备控制竖井中的升降。
16. hoist cage
Pronunciation: HOYST CAGE · 中文： 提升罐笼 · Meaning: a cage used to carry miners or equipment in a shaft.
Example: The exhibit showed a hoist cage beside the headframe model.
中文例句： 展览把提升罐笼与井架模型放在一起。
17. skip bucket
Pronunciation: SKIP BUCKET · 中文： 矿石提升斗 · Meaning: a large container used to lift mined material through a shaft.
Example: The skip bucket carried bulk material rather than passengers.
中文例句： 矿石提升斗用于运送散装物料，而不是乘客。
18. haulage road
Pronunciation: HAW-lij ROAD · 中文： 运输巷道 · Meaning: an underground route used to move coal, equipment or supplies.
Example: The haulage road connected the working area with transport facilities.
中文例句： 运输巷道把工作区与运输设施连接起来。
19. rail haulage
Pronunciation: RAIL HAW-lij · 中文： 轨道运输 · Meaning: moving mine loads along underground rails.
Example: Rail haulage reduced the need to carry coal by hand.
中文例句： 轨道运输减少了人工搬运煤炭的需要。
20. mine cart
Pronunciation: MINE CART · 中文： 矿车 · Meaning: a small rail vehicle used to transport material in a mine.
Example: The mine cart in the museum carried a load of display coal.
中文例句： 博物馆里的矿车装着展示用煤炭。
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3. Underground workings | Words 21–30
21. coal face
Pronunciation: KOHL FACE · 中文： 采煤工作面 · Meaning: the exposed surface of coal where extraction takes place.
Example: The model placed workers and machinery at the coal face.
中文例句： 模型把矿工和机械布置在采煤工作面。
22. working face
Pronunciation: WORKING FACE · 中文： 作业面 · Meaning: the active surface where mining work is being carried out.
Example: The working face moved as more material was extracted.
中文例句： 随着开采继续，作业面会不断向前推进。
23. longwall face
Pronunciation: LONG-wawl FACE · 中文： 长壁工作面 · Meaning: a long continuous mining face used in longwall coal extraction.
Example: A longwall face can extend across a broad underground panel.
中文例句： 长壁工作面可以横跨很宽的地下采区。
24. mine heading
Pronunciation: MINE HEADING · 中文： 掘进工作面 · Meaning: the advancing end of a tunnel or roadway being driven.
Example: The mine heading was shown at the end of the unfinished roadway.
中文例句： 掘进工作面位于尚未完成巷道的最前端。
25. roadway
Pronunciation: ROADWAY · 中文： 矿井巷道 · Meaning: an underground passage used for access, transport or ventilation.
Example: The roadway carried both workers and service lines.
中文例句： 矿井巷道既供人员通行，也布置各种管线。
26. crosscut
Pronunciation: KROS-kut · 中文： 石门巷道 · Meaning: a passage driven across geological structures to connect workings.
Example: The crosscut linked two underground routes through surrounding rock.
中文例句： 石门巷道穿过围岩，把两条地下路线连接起来。
27. drift
Pronunciation: DRIFT · 中文： 水平巷道 · Meaning: a horizontal or near-horizontal underground passage.
Example: The drift followed the level of the mine rather than descending steeply.
中文例句： 水平巷道沿着矿井层位延伸，而不是陡峭下行。
28. mining gallery
Pronunciation: MINING GALLERY · 中文： 采矿廊道 · Meaning: an elongated underground working or passage in a mine.
Example: The mining gallery contained old rails and support structures.
中文例句： 采矿廊道里保留着旧轨道和支护结构。
29. development heading
Pronunciation: DEVELOPMENT HEADING · 中文： 开拓掘进面 · Meaning: an advancing passage being created to prepare future mine workings.
Example: A development heading creates access before full production begins.
中文例句： 开拓掘进面在正式生产前建立新的通道。
30. production panel
Pronunciation: PRODUCTION PANEL · 中文： 生产采区 · Meaning: a defined underground area organised for coal extraction.
Example: The diagram divided the mine into several production panels.
中文例句： 图纸把矿井划分为多个生产采区。
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4. Mining and coal-processing machinery | Words 31–40
31. pickaxe
Pronunciation: PICKAXE · 中文： 鹤嘴镐 · Meaning: a hand tool historically used for breaking rock or coal.
Example: An old pickaxe illustrated how physically demanding early mining could be.
中文例句： 一把旧鹤嘴镐展示了早期采矿工作的体力强度。
32. pneumatic drill
Pronunciation: nyoo-MAT-ik DRILL · 中文： 气动钻机 · Meaning: a drill powered by compressed air.
Example: The pneumatic drill represented a later stage of mechanised underground work.
中文例句： 气动钻机代表地下作业机械化程度提高后的阶段。
33. cutting machine
Pronunciation: CUTTING MACHINE · 中文： 采煤切割机 · Meaning: a machine designed to cut coal or rock at the working face.
Example: The cutting machine reduced some of the manual cutting required at the face.
中文例句： 采煤切割机减少了工作面上的部分人工切割。
34. conveyor chain
Pronunciation: kuhn-VAY-uh CHAIN · 中文： 输送链 · Meaning: a moving chain mechanism used to carry mined material.
Example: The conveyor chain moved broken coal away from the face.
中文例句： 输送链把破碎煤从工作面运走。
35. loading chute
Pronunciation: LOADING CHUTE · 中文： 装载溜槽 · Meaning: a sloping channel used to guide material into a vehicle or conveyor.
Example: Coal passed through the loading chute into the cart.
中文例句： 煤炭通过装载溜槽进入矿车。
36. coal screen
Pronunciation: KOHL SCREEN · 中文： 筛煤设备 · Meaning: equipment that separates coal pieces by size.
Example: The coal screen divided large pieces from finer material.
中文例句： 筛煤设备把大块煤与较细物料分开。
37. crusher
Pronunciation: KRUSH-uh · 中文： 破碎机 · Meaning: a machine used to reduce large pieces of material to smaller sizes.
Example: The crusher prepared oversized coal for later handling.
中文例句： 破碎机把过大的煤块处理成更便于后续运输的尺寸。
38. sorting plant
Pronunciation: SORTING PLANT · 中文： 分选厂 · Meaning: a facility where mined material is separated into categories.
Example: The sorting plant separated products according to size and quality.
中文例句： 分选厂按照大小和质量对产品进行分类。
39. coal washery
Pronunciation: KOHL WOSH-uh-ree · 中文： 选煤厂 · Meaning: a facility that cleans and separates coal from unwanted material.
Example: The coal washery improved the consistency of the final coal product.
中文例句： 选煤厂提高了最终煤炭产品的一致性。
40. stockpile
Pronunciation: STOK-pyl · 中文： 堆料场 · Meaning: a stored pile of bulk material kept for later use or transport.
Example: The stockpile accumulated processed coal before delivery.
中文例句： 堆料场在运输前集中存放处理后的煤炭。
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5. Ground support and ventilation | Words 41–50
41. roof support
Pronunciation: ROOF SUPPORT · 中文： 顶板支护 · Meaning: structures used to support the rock above an underground working.
Example: Roof support was one of the most important safety systems shown in the model mine.
中文例句： 顶板支护是复原矿井中最重要的安全系统之一。
42. timber prop
Pronunciation: TIMBER PROP · 中文： 木支柱 · Meaning: a wooden support historically used to hold up mine roofs.
Example: The timber prop showed an older method of underground support.
中文例句： 木支柱展示了较早期的地下支护方法。
43. steel arch
Pronunciation: STEEL ARCH · 中文： 钢拱架 · Meaning: a curved steel support used to reinforce a mine roadway.
Example: Steel arches lined part of the reconstructed tunnel.
中文例句： 钢拱架排列在复原巷道的一部分。
44. rock bolt
Pronunciation: ROCK BOLT · 中文： 锚杆 · Meaning: a long bolt installed in rock to strengthen and support it.
Example: The exhibit showed how a rock bolt anchors unstable layers together.
中文例句： 展览说明锚杆如何把不稳定岩层锚固在一起。
45. roof fall
Pronunciation: ROOF FALL · 中文： 顶板冒落 · Meaning: the collapse of rock from the roof of an underground opening.
Example: Historical displays treated roof fall as a serious mining hazard.
中文例句： 历史展览把顶板冒落列为严重的矿井危险。
46. ground pressure
Pronunciation: GROUND PRESSURE · 中文： 地压 · Meaning: stress exerted by surrounding rock on underground openings.
Example: Ground pressure can change as underground workings expand.
中文例句： 随着地下作业空间扩大，地压可能发生变化。
47. ventilation fan
Pronunciation: ven-tih-LAY-shuhn FAN · 中文： 通风机 · Meaning: a fan used to move air through mine workings.
Example: The ventilation fan supplied airflow through the underground network.
中文例句： 通风机为地下巷道网络提供气流。
48. ventilation duct
Pronunciation: ven-tih-LAY-shuhn DUCT · 中文： 通风风筒 · Meaning: a duct carrying fresh or exhaust air in a mine.
Example: The ventilation duct ran along the side of the roadway.
中文例句： 通风风筒沿着巷道一侧延伸。
49. fresh-air intake
Pronunciation: FRESH-AIR INTAKE · 中文： 进风巷 · Meaning: a route carrying fresh air into underground workings.
Example: The fresh-air intake was shown separately from the return airway.
中文例句： 进风巷与回风巷在图中分开表示。
50. return airway
Pronunciation: RETURN AIRWAY · 中文： 回风巷 · Meaning: a route carrying used mine air back toward the surface.
Example: The return airway completed the mine ventilation circuit.
中文例句： 回风巷完成了矿井通风循环。
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6. Gas, dust and mine lighting | Words 51–60
51. mine gas
Pronunciation: MINE GAS · 中文： 矿井气体 · Meaning: gas present or produced in underground mine workings.
Example: Mine gas was monitored because underground atmospheres can contain hazards.
中文例句： 矿井气体需要监测，因为地下空气中可能存在危险成分。
52. methane detector
Pronunciation: MEE-thayn DETECTOR · 中文： 甲烷检测器 · Meaning: an instrument used to detect methane gas.
Example: The methane detector in the display represented an important monitoring tool.
中文例句： 展览中的甲烷检测器代表一种重要监测工具。
53. gas monitor
Pronunciation: GAS MONITOR · 中文： 气体监测仪 · Meaning: an instrument measuring one or more gases in the air.
Example: A gas monitor provides measurements rather than relying on smell.
中文例句： 气体监测仪通过测量提供信息，而不是依靠气味判断。
54. dust suppression
Pronunciation: DUST SUPPRESSION · 中文： 粉尘抑制 · Meaning: methods used to reduce airborne dust.
Example: Water-based dust suppression was shown in the mining-safety display.
中文例句： 矿山安全展览介绍了利用水进行粉尘抑制的方法。
55. coal dust
Pronunciation: KOHL DUST · 中文： 煤尘 · Meaning: fine coal particles suspended in air or deposited on surfaces.
Example: Coal dust covered tools in the historical photographs.
中文例句： 历史照片中的工具表面覆盖着煤尘。
56. respirable dust
Pronunciation: RES-puh-ruh-buhl DUST · 中文： 可吸入细尘 · Meaning: very fine airborne dust capable of reaching deep parts of the lungs.
Example: Respirable dust became an important occupational-health concern in mining.
中文例句： 可吸入细尘成为矿业职业健康中的重要问题。
57. water spray
Pronunciation: WATER SPRAY · 中文： 喷雾降尘 · Meaning: a spray of water used to reduce dust or cool a process.
Example: The model showed water spray near a cutting machine.
中文例句： 模型显示采煤切割机附近使用喷雾降尘。
58. safety lamp
Pronunciation: SAFETY LAMP · 中文： 安全矿灯 · Meaning: a lamp designed for safer use in potentially hazardous mine atmospheres.
Example: Historical miners depended on specialised safety lamps underground.
中文例句： 历史上的矿工在地下依赖专门的安全矿灯。
59. cap lamp
Pronunciation: CAP LAMP · 中文： 矿帽灯 · Meaning: a lamp attached to a miner’s helmet or cap.
Example: The cap lamp kept a miner’s hands free in dark workings.
中文例句： 矿帽灯让矿工在黑暗巷道中能够腾出双手。
60. lamp room
Pronunciation: LAMP ROOM · 中文： 矿灯房 · Meaning: a room where mine lamps are issued, charged or maintained.
Example: The lamp room was part of the surface routine before a shift.
中文例句： 矿灯房是每班下井前地面流程的一部分。
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7. Miners, rescue and shift routines | Words 61–70
61. miner’s helmet
Pronunciation: MINER’S HELMET · 中文： 矿工安全帽 · Meaning: protective headgear worn by miners.
Example: The miner’s helmet in the display included a mount for a cap lamp.
中文例句： 展出的矿工安全帽带有矿帽灯安装位置。
62. self-rescuer
Pronunciation: SELF-RESCUER · 中文： 自救器 · Meaning: portable emergency breathing equipment carried by miners.
Example: The museum displayed a self-rescuer as emergency equipment, not ordinary tourist gear.
中文例句： 博物馆把自救器作为紧急装备展示，而不是普通游客用品。
63. emergency refuge
Pronunciation: EMERGENCY REFUGE · 中文： 应急避险设施 · Meaning: a protected place intended for temporary shelter during a mine emergency.
Example: An emergency refuge is part of a wider underground safety system.
中文例句： 应急避险设施是地下安全系统的一部分。
64. mine rescue team
Pronunciation: MINE RESCUE TEAM · 中文： 矿山救援队 · Meaning: a trained team specialising in mine emergencies.
Example: The mine rescue team used specialised breathing and communication equipment.
中文例句： 矿山救援队使用专门的呼吸和通信装备。
65. shift change
Pronunciation: SHIFT CHANGE · 中文： 换班 · Meaning: the transition from one work shift to another.
Example: Shift change brought groups of miners through the pithead at regular times.
中文例句： 换班时，不同班组的矿工会按固定时间经过井口。
66. underground shift
Pronunciation: UNDERGROUND SHIFT · 中文： 井下班次 · Meaning: a scheduled work period spent underground.
Example: Historical accounts described the routines of an underground shift.
中文例句： 历史资料描述了井下班次的日常流程。
67. pithead
Pronunciation: PITHEAD · 中文： 井口地面区 · Meaning: the surface area around the entrance to a mine.
Example: The pithead connected offices, changing rooms and underground transport.
中文例句： 井口地面区把办公室、更衣室和地下运输连接起来。
68. changing room
Pronunciation: CHANGING ROOM · 中文： 更衣室 · Meaning: a room where workers change clothes before or after work.
Example: The changing room separated clean clothing from mining workwear.
中文例句： 更衣室把干净衣物与采矿工作服分开。
69. shower room
Pronunciation: SHOWER ROOM · 中文： 淋浴室 · Meaning: a room with showers used after a work shift.
Example: The shower room was part of the miners’ end-of-shift routine.
中文例句： 淋浴室是矿工下班后流程的一部分。
70. time check
Pronunciation: TIME CHECK · 中文： 出入井时间记录 · Meaning: a record or check of when workers enter or leave a work area.
Example: The historical display explained how a time check helped account for workers underground.
中文例句： 历史展览解释出入井时间记录如何帮助确认地下人员情况。
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8. Coal briquettes and household energy | Words 71–80
71. coal briquette
Pronunciation: KOHL brih-KET · 中文： 煤球；蜂窝煤 · Meaning: a compressed block of coal fuel.
Example: Coal briquettes were once widely used for household heating in Korea.
中文例句： 煤球过去曾广泛用于韩国的家庭取暖。
72. briquette mould
Pronunciation: brih-KET MOULD · 中文： 煤球模具 · Meaning: a mould used to shape compressed coal fuel.
Example: The briquette mould created the familiar patterned fuel block.
中文例句： 煤球模具压制出人们熟悉的规则燃料块。
73. briquette stove
Pronunciation: brih-KET STOVE · 中文： 煤球炉 · Meaning: a stove designed to burn coal briquettes.
Example: The household exhibit included a briquette stove from an earlier period.
中文例句： 家庭生活展览中有一台较早时期的煤球炉。
74. household fuel
Pronunciation: HOUSEHOLD FUEL · 中文： 家庭燃料 · Meaning: fuel used for domestic cooking or heating.
Example: Coal became an important household fuel during Korea’s industrialisation period.
中文例句： 在韩国工业化时期，煤炭成为重要家庭燃料。
75. heating season
Pronunciation: HEATING SEASON · 中文： 供暖季 · Meaning: the colder part of the year when heating demand rises.
Example: Coal deliveries increased before the heating season.
中文例句： 供暖季开始前，煤炭配送需求会增加。
76. fuel ration
Pronunciation: FUEL RATION · 中文： 燃料配给量 · Meaning: a controlled amount of fuel allocated under a rationing system.
Example: Historical documents showed how fuel ration systems could affect households.
中文例句： 历史文件展示燃料配给制度如何影响家庭生活。
77. coal sack
Pronunciation: KOHL SACK · 中文： 煤袋 · Meaning: a heavy sack used to carry coal.
Example: The photograph showed workers stacking coal sacks for delivery.
中文例句： 照片中工人正在堆放准备配送的煤袋。
78. coal yard
Pronunciation: KOHL YARD · 中文： 煤场 · Meaning: an outdoor or industrial area where coal is stored.
Example: The coal yard stood beside the transport line.
中文例句： 煤场位于运输线旁边。
79. coal delivery
Pronunciation: KOHL DELIVERY · 中文： 煤炭配送 · Meaning: the transport of coal from storage or supplier to users.
Example: Coal delivery linked mines and processing sites with homes and factories.
中文例句： 煤炭配送把矿山和加工地与家庭及工厂连接起来。
80. energy transition
Pronunciation: ENERGY tran-ZISH-uhn · 中文： 能源转型 · Meaning: a shift from one dominant energy system toward different energy sources.
Example: Taebaek’s history makes energy transition a visible social story, not only a technical phrase.
中文例句： 太白的历史让能源转型成为可见的社会故事，而不仅是技术词汇。
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9. Mining communities and transition | Words 81–90
81. mining village
Pronunciation: MINING VILLAGE · 中文： 矿区村镇 · Meaning: a settlement shaped by nearby mining activity.
Example: The mining village grew as workers and families moved toward the coalfield.
中文例句： 随着工人和家庭迁往煤田附近，矿区村镇逐渐发展。
82. miner’s house
Pronunciation: MINER’S HOUSE · 中文： 矿工住房 · Meaning: a house associated with a miner and family.
Example: A reconstructed miner’s house showed everyday life beyond the mine entrance.
中文例句： 复原矿工住房展示了矿井之外的日常生活。
83. company housing
Pronunciation: COMPANY HOUSING · 中文： 企业职工住宅 · Meaning: housing provided or organised by a mining company or employer.
Example: Company housing placed workers close to the mine and related facilities.
中文例句： 企业职工住宅让工人住在矿山和相关设施附近。
84. pit village
Pronunciation: PIT VILLAGE · 中文： 矿井聚落 · Meaning: a settlement built around a particular mine or pit.
Example: The pit village depended heavily on the mine’s employment cycle.
中文例句： 矿井聚落很大程度依赖矿山的就业周期。
85. mine closure
Pronunciation: MINE CLOSURE · 中文： 矿山关闭 · Meaning: the formal ending of mining operations at a mine.
Example: Mine closure changed employment, population and local businesses.
中文例句： 矿山关闭改变了就业、人口和当地商业。
86. closed mine
Pronunciation: CLOSED MINE · 中文： 废弃矿井 · Meaning: a mine that is no longer operating.
Example: Some closed mines later became heritage or tourism sites.
中文例句： 一些废弃矿井后来转变成遗产或旅游地点。
87. industrial decline
Pronunciation: INDUSTRIAL DECLINE · 中文： 产业衰退 · Meaning: a long-term reduction in industrial activity and employment.
Example: Industrial decline affected communities built around coal production.
中文例句： 产业衰退影响了围绕煤炭生产形成的社区。
88. workforce transition
Pronunciation: WORKFORCE tran-ZISH-uhn · 中文： 劳动力转型 · Meaning: the movement of workers into new jobs or industries as an economy changes.
Example: Workforce transition became necessary as coal mining contracted.
中文例句： 随着煤炭采矿业收缩，劳动力转型变得必要。
89. coal-mining heritage
Pronunciation: COAL-MINING HERITAGE · 中文： 煤矿遗产 · Meaning: historic places, objects and memories connected with coal mining.
Example: Taebaek preserves coal-mining heritage through museums and local memory.
中文例句： 太白通过博物馆和地方记忆保存煤矿遗产。
90. mining archive
Pronunciation: MINING AR-kyv · 中文： 矿业档案 · Meaning: a collection of records documenting mining activity and communities.
Example: The mining archive included plans, photographs and worker records.
中文例句： 矿业档案包括图纸、照片和工人记录。
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10. Museum interpretation and industrial memory | Words 91–100
91. coal museum
Pronunciation: KOHL MUSEUM · 中文： 煤炭博物馆 · Meaning: a museum focused on coal geology, mining and social history.
Example: Taebaek Coal Museum explains both the resource and the people who worked with it.
中文例句： 太白煤炭博物馆同时讲述煤炭资源与相关劳动者。
92. reconstructed mine
Pronunciation: RECONSTRUCTED MINE · 中文： 复原矿井 · Meaning: a recreated mine environment built for education or interpretation.
Example: The reconstructed mine gave visitors a controlled sense of underground space.
中文例句： 复原矿井让游客在受控环境中感受地下空间。
93. mine exhibit
Pronunciation: MINE EXHIBIT · 中文： 矿井展项 · Meaning: an exhibit explaining a mining process, object or environment.
Example: The mine exhibit used machinery, photographs and models together.
中文例句： 矿井展项把机械、照片和模型结合使用。
94. machinery hall
Pronunciation: MACHINERY HALL · 中文： 矿山机械展厅 · Meaning: a hall displaying industrial machinery.
Example: The machinery hall made the scale of mining equipment easier to understand.
中文例句： 矿山机械展厅让人更容易理解采矿设备的尺寸。
95. geological display
Pronunciation: GEOLOGICAL DISPLAY · 中文： 地质展览 · Meaning: an exhibit explaining rocks, minerals or geological structure.
Example: The geological display connected coal seams with surrounding rock layers.
中文例句： 地质展览把煤层与周围岩层联系起来。
96. mineral specimen
Pronunciation: MINERAL SPECIMEN · 中文： 矿物标本 · Meaning: a preserved sample of a mineral for study or display.
Example: The mineral specimen case included materials found with coal-bearing rocks.
中文例句： 矿物标本柜展示了与含煤岩层相关的材料。
97. mining photograph
Pronunciation: MINING PHOTOGRAPH · 中文： 采矿历史照片 · Meaning: a photograph documenting mining work or community life.
Example: A mining photograph showed the pithead crowded during shift change.
中文例句： 一张采矿历史照片记录了换班时井口人群密集的场景。
98. oral history interview
Pronunciation: ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW · 中文： 口述历史访谈 · Meaning: a recorded interview preserving personal memories of the past.
Example: An oral history interview can preserve details that official production records miss.
中文例句： 口述历史访谈可以保存官方生产记录中没有的生活细节。
99. modernization history
Pronunciation: mod-uh-nuh-ZAY-shuhn HISTORY · 中文： 现代化历史 · Meaning: the history of economic, technological and social modernisation.
Example: The museum places coal within Korea’s modernization history.
中文例句： 博物馆把煤炭放在韩国现代化历史中理解。
100. coal-industry legacy
Pronunciation: COAL-INDUSTRY LEG-uh-see · 中文： 煤炭产业遗产影响 · Meaning: the continuing social, physical and cultural effects of the coal industry.
Example: Taebaek’s coal-industry legacy remains visible even after mining has declined.
中文例句： 即使采矿业已经衰退，太白仍然可以看到煤炭产业遗产影响。
Contents · Previous group · Taebaek context
Why Taebaek makes these words useful / 为什么太白适合学习这些词
Taebaek’s coal story is useful because the museum does not need to treat mining as a single action. Geology explains where coal came from; shafts and roadways explain access; machinery explains extraction and transport; ventilation and support explain underground safety systems; photographs and miners’ houses explain the human community surrounding production.
Coal also connects the mine to the home. Briquettes became an important domestic fuel in twentieth-century Korea, so mining history belongs partly to the history of ordinary heating and cooking. Later mine closures show the opposite side of industrial growth: what happens to a workforce and a town when the industry that shaped them contracts.
Places to explore and questions to ask / 参观与实用问题
At Taebaek Coal Museum, start with the geological cross-section. Find the coal seam, surrounding rock and overburden before moving to shafts and machinery. It is easier to understand the engineering once the underground geometry makes sense.
In the mining displays, follow one piece of coal. It may be cut at a working face, loaded into transport, moved by rail or conveyor, screened, sorted and stored. The vocabulary becomes a process rather than a list.
Then switch scale from machine to person. Look for cap lamps, helmets, changing facilities, photographs and housing. Ask how shift work shaped daily life and how mine closure affected the community.
Never treat a closed or abandoned mine as an informal attraction. Underground hazards are not visible from the entrance. Use only officially opened visitor environments.
A short conversation / 简短对话
Visitor: What is the difference between a shaft and an adit? / 游客：竖井和平硐有什么区别？
Guide: A shaft descends vertically or steeply, while an adit enters a hillside on a near-horizontal route. / 向导：竖井垂直或陡斜向下，而平硐以接近水平的方向从山体侧面进入。
Visitor: Why did mines need separate fresh-air and return airways? / 游客：为什么矿井需要分开的进风巷和回风巷？
Guide: They formed part of a controlled ventilation circuit for underground workings. / 向导：它们构成地下作业空间受控通风循环的一部分。
Turn the visit into a paragraph / 把旅行写成一段话
Model paragraph — an imagined visit: At Taebaek Coal Museum, the mine model changed coal from a simple fuel into a complete system. A coal seam sat beneath overburden, a shaft linked the surface with underground roadways, and haulage moved coal away from the working face. Ventilation ducts and roof supports reminded me that the mine was also an engineered environment for people. The final galleries were quieter: miners’ houses, photographs and records of industrial decline showed what happened when the system that built a town began to disappear.
中文参考： 在太白煤炭博物馆，矿井模型让我发现煤炭并不只是简单燃料，而是一整套系统。煤层位于覆盖层之下，竖井把地面与地下巷道连接起来，运输系统再把煤从作业面运走。通风风筒和顶板支护提醒我，矿井也是为人员工作而设计的工程环境。最后几个展厅安静得多：矿工住房、历史照片和产业衰退记录展示了当一个曾经塑造城市的系统逐渐消失时，会发生什么。
Continue in the South Korea writing workbook.
Learn, compare and use the words / 学习与练习
Compare carefully: A coal seam is the geological layer; the coal face is where extraction occurs; a roadway provides underground access; haulage moves material. Roof support manages surrounding rock, while ventilation manages underground air.
Build precision: Replace “Coal came out of the mine” with “Coal was extracted at the working face, moved along the haulage road and lifted or transported toward surface processing.” Then add the human layer: which workers, safety systems and communities made that process possible? Continue with The Fencing Method for Vocabulary.
Recall tomorrow: Draw a mine from surface to underground. Label headframe, shaft, roadway, coal face, ventilation duct and mine cart. Then add one community term such as miner’s house or mine closure.
Questions before you go / 出发前的小问题
Why is coal important to Taebaek’s history?
Official tourism information presents the Taebaek Coal Museum as a place to understand coal’s role in Korea’s industrial modernisation and the region’s mining history.
Can visitors enter abandoned mines around Taebaek?
Do not enter mines unless they are officially opened and managed for visitors. Closed workings can contain unstable rock, gases, water and other hazards.
Is this article teaching mining operations?
No. The technical terms are for understanding museum exhibits and history. Operating mines require trained professionals, regulated procedures and specialised safety systems.
Continue learning with eduKate / 继续学习
South Korea travel vocabulary gives the wider country route. Continue through the Vocabulary Lists Control Tower and Vocabulary Articles and Knowledge Hub.
More Korea city guides: Samcheok / 三陟 · Pyeongchang / 平昌 · Gangneung / 江陵.
Official mining and visitor information
VISITKOREA: Taebaek Coal Museum
VISITKOREA: Taebaek muldakgalbi and coal-miner food history
Use official sources for current museum hours, fees and visitor arrangements. Mining definitions, Chinese translations and examples are written for learning and historical interpretation.