Davao travel vocabulary in English and Chinese: 100 distinctive words for cacao and chocolate, durian science, Philippine eagle conservation, forest recovery and agri-tourism.
Davao can turn one travel day into several learning worlds. A cacao pod becomes chemistry. A durian becomes plant physiology. A conservation centre becomes a lesson in flight anatomy, genetics and habitat recovery. This guide follows those mechanisms instead of repeating generic travel words.
中文：本指南以达沃为学习场景，把可可与巧克力、榴莲成熟、菲律宾鹰保育、森林恢复和农业旅游连接成100个独立英语词汇。
How to use this Davao vocabulary guide
The English respellings are approximate speaking aids, while Pinyin belongs to the Chinese translation. The list connects several city-learning themes. Choose one group first and practise explaining the ideas in your own words.
- Cacao and chocolate: words 1–30.
- Durian and fruit science: words 31–50.
- Philippine eagle biology: words 51–75.
- Conservation methods: words 76–90.
- Agri-tourism and sensory writing: words 91–100.
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The 100 words · Davao notes · Conversations · Meaning distinctions · Fencing Method · Writing model · Practice · eduKate routes · FAQ · Sources
Full vocabulary index: 1–100
1–10: 1. cacao pod · 2. cacao bean · 3. cacao pulp · 4. pod husk · 5. cacao placenta · 6. bean fermentation · 7. fermentation box · 8. fermentation heap · 9. bean turning · 10. cotyledon
11–20: 11. cacao nib · 12. winnowing · 13. roasting curve · 14. chocolate liquor · 15. cocoa butter · 16. cocoa solids · 17. conching · 18. chocolate tempering · 19. couverture · 20. single-origin chocolate
21–30: 21. bean-to-bar · 22. flavour precursor · 23. cacao polyphenol · 24. Maillard reaction · 25. fat bloom · 26. chocolate snap · 27. chocolate viscosity · 28. durian aril · 29. durian rind · 30. husk spine
31–40: 31. fruit locule · 32. seed cavity · 33. fruit peduncle · 34. fruit dehiscence · 35. climacteric fruit · 36. ethylene production · 37. aroma volatile · 38. degrees Brix · 39. soluble solids · 40. ripeness index
41–50: 41. latex exudate · 42. postharvest handling · 43. maturity stage · 44. flesh texture · 45. custard-like texture · 46. pungency · 47. forest raptor · 48. wing loading · 49. wing chord · 50. primary covert
51–60: 51. secondary covert · 52. flight feather · 53. rectrix · 54. cere · 55. tarsus · 56. talon span · 57. hooked bill · 58. soaring flight · 59. thermal updraft · 60. perch hunting
61–70: 61. prey base · 62. nesting territory · 63. nest tree · 64. clutch size · 65. incubation period · 66. eaglet · 67. fledging age · 68. juvenile plumage · 69. pair bond · 70. territorial call
71–80: 71. conservation breeding · 72. artificial insemination · 73. release protocol · 74. radio telemetry · 75. satellite transmitter · 76. population viability · 77. genetic diversity · 78. founder population · 79. species studbook · 80. wildlife rehabilitation
81–90: 81. forest restoration · 82. forest corridor · 83. native tree planting · 84. watershed reforestation · 85. habitat protection · 86. agritourism farm · 87. farm-gate sale · 88. ripening room · 89. produce cold room · 90. fruit sampling
91–100: 91. sensory evaluation · 92. aroma wheel · 93. texture profile · 94. lingering aftertaste · 95. mouthfeel · 96. cacao astringency · 97. sweetness-acidity balance · 98. traceability code · 99. origin certificate · 100. farm cooperative
Practise and retrieve · Try the exercises and answers · Choose another Philippines city
Top 100 vocabulary for visiting and touring Davao
Examples are educational scenes. Farm access, fruit availability, conservation-centre arrangements and wildlife conditions change. Verify current visitor information before travelling.
1–10: Cacao Fruit and Fermentation · 11–20: Chocolate Processing · 21–30: Chocolate Quality and Durian Structure · 31–40: Durian Anatomy and Ripening · 41–50: Fruit Handling and Forest Raptor Features · 51–60: Philippine Eagle Anatomy and Flight · 61–70: Eagle Ecology and Breeding Biology · 71–80: Eagle Conservation and Monitoring · 81–90: Habitat Recovery and Farm Visits · 91–100: Sensory Evaluation and Farm Traceability
Words 1–10: Cacao Fruit and Fermentation
| No. | English · pronunciation | 中文 · 拼音 | Meaning · example · use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cacao pod kuh-KOW POD | 可可果荚 kě kě guǒ jiá | The fruit of the cacao tree containing pulp-covered seeds. The cacao pod changes colour as it matures on the tree. Use it well: Identify the fruit part or fermentation stage within the described process; a biological explanation does not supply a recipe or establish a particular product’s quality. Check the example’s subject before adapting the sentence to your own question. |
| 2 | cacao bean kuh-KOW BEEN | 可可豆 kě kě dòu | A seed from the cacao fruit used to make chocolate. A cacao bean develops flavour through several processing stages. Use it well: Identify the fruit part or fermentation stage within the described process; a biological explanation does not supply a recipe or establish a particular product’s quality. Try a different relevant example and explain why this wording still fits. |
| 3 | cacao pulp kuh-KOW PULP | 可可果肉 kě kě guǒ ròu | The sweet, moist material surrounding cacao seeds inside the pod. Cacao pulp helps create the conditions for bean fermentation. Use it well: Identify the fruit part or fermentation stage within the described process; a biological explanation does not supply a recipe or establish a particular product’s quality. Keep any unanswered part as a question rather than silently supplying a detail. |
| 4 | pod husk POD HUSK | 果荚外壳 guǒ jiá wài ké | The thick outer wall of a cacao fruit. The pod husk is separated from the beans and pulp after opening. Use it well: Identify the fruit part or fermentation stage within the described process; a biological explanation does not supply a recipe or establish a particular product’s quality. Read the definition first, then cover it and explain the idea independently. |
| 5 | cacao placenta kuh-KOW pluh-SEN-tuh | 可可胎座组织 kě kě tāi zuò zǔ zhī | The internal tissue connecting cacao seeds within the pod. The cacao placenta helps hold the seeds in place inside the fruit. Use it well: Identify the fruit part or fermentation stage within the described process; a biological explanation does not supply a recipe or establish a particular product’s quality. Compare the term with a nearby entry and state the difference aloud. |
| 6 | bean fermentation BEEN fur-men-TAY-shun | 可可豆发酵 kě kě dòu fā jiào | The controlled microbial transformation of cacao beans after harvest. Bean fermentation creates important flavour precursors for chocolate. Use it well: Identify the fruit part or fermentation stage within the described process; a biological explanation does not supply a recipe or establish a particular product’s quality. Use an attributed source when your sentence adds a factual claim. |
| 7 | fermentation box fur-men-TAY-shun BOKS | 发酵箱 fā jiào xiāng | A container used to hold cacao beans during fermentation. The fermentation box retains a large mass of beans while heat develops. Use it well: Identify the fruit part or fermentation stage within the described process; a biological explanation does not supply a recipe or establish a particular product’s quality. Prefer a short clear explanation when your listener is unfamiliar with the phrase. |
| 8 | fermentation heap fur-men-TAY-shun HEEP | 堆式发酵 duī shì fā jiào | A pile of cacao beans fermented together, often under covering material. The farmer monitored the fermentation heap before turning the beans. Use it well: Identify the fruit part or fermentation stage within the described process; a biological explanation does not supply a recipe or establish a particular product’s quality. Check that the verb you choose describes the actual relationship involved. |
| 9 | bean turning BEEN TURN-ing | 翻豆 fān dòu | Mixing fermenting cacao beans to redistribute heat and oxygen. Bean turning helps different parts of the batch ferment more evenly. Use it well: Identify the fruit part or fermentation stage within the described process; a biological explanation does not supply a recipe or establish a particular product’s quality. Tell your partner which detail the term adds to your explanation. |
| 10 | cotyledon kot-uh-LEE-dun | 子叶 zǐ yè | A seed leaf that forms much of the interior of a cacao bean. The cut bean exposed the purple-brown cotyledon inside. Use it well: Identify the fruit part or fermentation stage within the described process; a biological explanation does not supply a recipe or establish a particular product’s quality. Revisit the sentence later and see whether you can retrieve the meaning without hints. |
Words 11–20: Chocolate Processing
| No. | English · pronunciation | 中文 · 拼音 | Meaning · example · use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | cacao nib kuh-KOW NIB | 可可碎粒 kě kě suì lì | A small piece of roasted cacao bean after the shell has been removed. Cacao nibs can be ground into chocolate liquor. Use it well: Separate the processing action from the material it changes; a factory sequence is educational background rather than a promise of access or a visitor demonstration. Check the example’s subject before adapting the sentence to your own question. |
| 12 | winnowing WIN-oh-ing | 风选去壳 fēng xuǎn qù ké | Separating lighter shell fragments from heavier cacao pieces. Winnowing removes much of the papery shell after roasting. Use it well: Separate the processing action from the material it changes; a factory sequence is educational background rather than a promise of access or a visitor demonstration. Try a different relevant example and explain why this wording still fits. |
| 13 | roasting curve ROHS-ting KURV | 烘焙曲线 hōng bèi qū xiàn | A time-and-temperature profile used during roasting. The chocolatier adjusted the roasting curve for a different bean lot. Use it well: Separate the processing action from the material it changes; a factory sequence is educational background rather than a promise of access or a visitor demonstration. Keep any unanswered part as a question rather than silently supplying a detail. |
| 14 | chocolate liquor CHOK-lit LIK-uh | 可可浆 kě kě jiāng | A thick paste made by grinding cacao nibs, containing both cocoa solids and fat. Chocolate liquor contains no alcohol despite the word liquor. Use it well: Separate the processing action from the material it changes; a factory sequence is educational background rather than a promise of access or a visitor demonstration. Read the definition first, then cover it and explain the idea independently. |
| 15 | cocoa butter KOH-koh BUT-uh | 可可脂 kě kě zhī | The natural fat pressed or separated from cacao beans. Cocoa butter contributes to chocolate's melting behaviour. Use it well: Separate the processing action from the material it changes; a factory sequence is educational background rather than a promise of access or a visitor demonstration. Compare the term with a nearby entry and state the difference aloud. |
| 16 | cocoa solids KOH-koh SOL-idz | 可可固形物 kě kě gù xíng wù | The non-fat components of processed cacao. Cocoa solids contribute colour and many flavour compounds. Use it well: Separate the processing action from the material it changes; a factory sequence is educational background rather than a promise of access or a visitor demonstration. Use an attributed source when your sentence adds a factual claim. |
| 17 | conching KON-ching | 精炼搅拌 jīng liàn jiǎo bàn | Prolonged mixing and aeration used to refine chocolate texture and flavour. Conching can reduce harsh notes and improve smoothness. Use it well: Separate the processing action from the material it changes; a factory sequence is educational background rather than a promise of access or a visitor demonstration. Prefer a short clear explanation when your listener is unfamiliar with the phrase. |
| 18 | chocolate tempering CHOK-lit TEM-puh-ring | 巧克力调温 qiǎo kè lì tiáo wēn | Controlled heating and cooling used to form stable cocoa-butter crystals. Chocolate tempering helps produce gloss and a clean snap. Use it well: Separate the processing action from the material it changes; a factory sequence is educational background rather than a promise of access or a visitor demonstration. Check that the verb you choose describes the actual relationship involved. |
| 19 | couverture KOO-vuh-choor | 高可可脂巧克力 gāo kě kě zhī qiǎo kè lì | Chocolate with relatively high cocoa-butter content, often used for coating and confectionery. The pastry chef chose couverture for a thin, glossy coating. Use it well: Separate the processing action from the material it changes; a factory sequence is educational background rather than a promise of access or a visitor demonstration. Tell your partner which detail the term adds to your explanation. |
| 20 | single-origin chocolate SING-gul OR-ih-jin CHOK-lit | 单一产地巧克力 dān yī chǎn dì qiǎo kè lì | Chocolate made from cacao identified with one particular geographic origin. Single-origin chocolate invites comparisons between growing regions. Use it well: Separate the processing action from the material it changes; a factory sequence is educational background rather than a promise of access or a visitor demonstration. Revisit the sentence later and see whether you can retrieve the meaning without hints. |
Words 21–30: Chocolate Quality and Durian Structure
| No. | English · pronunciation | 中文 · 拼音 | Meaning · example · use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | bean-to-bar BEEN tuh BAR | 从豆到巧克力成品 cóng dòu dào qiǎo kè lì chéng pǐn | A production approach in which one maker controls processing from cacao bean to finished chocolate bar. A bean-to-bar workshop can demonstrate each major processing stage. Use it well: Identify whether the term describes production, a chemical process or a chocolate quality. Use the stated evidence when explaining its effect. |
| 22 | flavour precursor FLAY-vuh pree-KUR-suh | 风味前体 fēng wèi qián tǐ | A compound that can later develop into aroma or flavour during processing. Fermentation helps create flavour precursors before roasting. Use it well: Identify whether the term describes production, a chemical process or a chocolate quality. Use the stated evidence when explaining its effect. |
| 23 | cacao polyphenol kuh-KOW pol-ee-FEE-nol | 可可多酚 kě kě duō fēn | A plant compound in cacao that can affect taste, colour and chemical properties. Cacao polyphenols contribute to bitterness and astringency. Use it well: Identify whether the term describes production, a chemical process or a chocolate quality. Use the stated evidence when explaining its effect. |
| 24 | Maillard reaction my-YARD ree-AK-shun | 美拉德反应 měi lā dé fǎn yìng | A heat-driven reaction between amino compounds and sugars that produces colour and aroma compounds. Roasting triggers Maillard reactions that contribute to chocolate flavour. Use it well: Identify whether the term describes production, a chemical process or a chocolate quality. Use the stated evidence when explaining its effect. |
| 25 | fat bloom FAT BLOOM | 脂霜 zhī shuāng | A pale surface film on chocolate caused by unstable fat crystals or fat migration. Poor temperature control can encourage fat bloom. Use it well: Identify whether the term describes production, a chemical process or a chocolate quality. Use the stated evidence when explaining its effect. |
| 26 | chocolate snap CHOK-lit SNAP | 巧克力脆断感 qiǎo kè lì cuì duàn gǎn | The clean breaking quality of well-tempered solid chocolate. A sharp chocolate snap can indicate stable crystallisation. Use it well: Identify whether the term describes production, a chemical process or a chocolate quality. Use the stated evidence when explaining its effect. |
| 27 | chocolate viscosity CHOK-lit vis-KOS-uh-tee | 巧克力黏度 qiǎo kè lì nián dù | The resistance of melted chocolate to flowing. Chocolate viscosity matters when coating thin shells or moulds. Use it well: Identify whether the term describes production, a chemical process or a chocolate quality. Use the stated evidence when explaining its effect. |
| 28 | durian aril DOO-ree-un AR-il | 榴莲假种皮果肉 liú lián jiǎ zhǒng pí guǒ ròu | The fleshy edible tissue surrounding a durian seed. Each durian aril sits around a seed inside a separate fruit chamber. Use it well: Locate the durian part in a labelled image. Distinguish the edible aril from the rind and its spines. |
| 29 | durian rind DOO-ree-un RYND | 榴莲外壳 liú lián wài ké | The thick outer covering of a durian fruit. The durian rind protects the soft edible interior. Use it well: Locate the durian part in a labelled image. Distinguish the edible aril from the rind and its spines. |
| 30 | husk spine HUSK SPYNE | 果壳尖刺 guǒ ké jiān cì | A pointed projection on the outer husk of a spiny fruit. Durian husk spines make careful handling important. Use it well: Locate the durian part in a labelled image. Distinguish the edible aril from the rind and its spines. |
Words 31–40: Durian Anatomy and Ripening
| No. | English · pronunciation | 中文 · 拼音 | Meaning · example · use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | fruit locule FROOT LOK-yool | 果室 guǒ shì | An internal chamber of a fruit containing seeds or edible tissues. A durian fruit locule contains one or more seeds with surrounding flesh. Use it well: Distinguish a fruit part, ripening process and sensory observation; strong aroma alone does not establish sweetness, ripeness or suitability for eating. Check the example’s subject before adapting the sentence to your own question. |
| 32 | seed cavity SEED KAV-uh-tee | 种子腔 zhǒng zǐ qiāng | A hollow or chamber in a fruit where a seed is held. The seed cavity becomes visible when the fruit segment is opened. Use it well: Distinguish a fruit part, ripening process and sensory observation; strong aroma alone does not establish sweetness, ripeness or suitability for eating. Try a different relevant example and explain why this wording still fits. |
| 33 | fruit peduncle FROOT puh-DUNG-kul | 果梗 guǒ gěng | The stalk attaching a fruit to the plant. The fruit peduncle remains attached when a durian is freshly cut from the tree. Use it well: Distinguish a fruit part, ripening process and sensory observation; strong aroma alone does not establish sweetness, ripeness or suitability for eating. Keep any unanswered part as a question rather than silently supplying a detail. |
| 34 | fruit dehiscence FROOT dih-HIS-uns | 果实开裂 guǒ shí kāi liè | The natural splitting open of a fruit at maturity. Fruit dehiscence can signal that a mature durian has opened naturally. Use it well: Distinguish a fruit part, ripening process and sensory observation; strong aroma alone does not establish sweetness, ripeness or suitability for eating. Read the definition first, then cover it and explain the idea independently. |
| 35 | climacteric fruit kly-mak-TER-ik FROOT | 跃变型果实 yuè biàn xíng guǒ shí | A fruit that continues significant ripening after harvest with a characteristic rise in respiration and ethylene. Durian is commonly studied as a climacteric fruit. Use it well: Distinguish a fruit part, ripening process and sensory observation; strong aroma alone does not establish sweetness, ripeness or suitability for eating. Compare the term with a nearby entry and state the difference aloud. |
| 36 | ethylene production ETH-uh-leen pruh-DUK-shun | 乙烯生成 yǐ xī shēng chéng | The formation of the plant hormone ethylene during ripening or stress. Ethylene production rises during ripening in many climacteric fruits. Use it well: Distinguish a fruit part, ripening process and sensory observation; strong aroma alone does not establish sweetness, ripeness or suitability for eating. Use an attributed source when your sentence adds a factual claim. |
| 37 | aroma volatile uh-ROH-muh VOL-uh-tile | 挥发性香气化合物 huī fā xìng xiāng qì huà hé wù | A volatile chemical compound that contributes to smell. Durian aroma volatiles can be powerful even at low concentrations. Use it well: Distinguish a fruit part, ripening process and sensory observation; strong aroma alone does not establish sweetness, ripeness or suitability for eating. Prefer a short clear explanation when your listener is unfamiliar with the phrase. |
| 38 | degrees Brix dih-GREEZ BRICKS | 白利糖度 bái lì táng dù | A scale commonly used to estimate soluble solids in a liquid, often linked to sugar content. The technician recorded degrees Brix from a fruit-juice sample. Use it well: Distinguish a fruit part, ripening process and sensory observation; strong aroma alone does not establish sweetness, ripeness or suitability for eating. Check that the verb you choose describes the actual relationship involved. |
| 39 | soluble solids SOL-yuh-bul SOL-idz | 可溶性固形物 kě róng xìng gù xíng wù | Substances dissolved in fruit juice, including sugars, acids and other compounds. Soluble solids are one indicator used in fruit-quality assessment. Use it well: Distinguish a fruit part, ripening process and sensory observation; strong aroma alone does not establish sweetness, ripeness or suitability for eating. Tell your partner which detail the term adds to your explanation. |
| 40 | ripeness index RYPE-nis IN-deks | 成熟度指标 chéng shú dù zhǐ biāo | A measure or combination of measures used to estimate fruit maturity or eating readiness. The ripeness index combined colour, firmness and soluble-solids readings. Use it well: Distinguish a fruit part, ripening process and sensory observation; strong aroma alone does not establish sweetness, ripeness or suitability for eating. Revisit the sentence later and see whether you can retrieve the meaning without hints. |
Words 41–50: Fruit Handling and Forest Raptor Features
| No. | English · pronunciation | 中文 · 拼音 | Meaning · example · use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | latex exudate LAY-teks EG-zoo-dayt | 乳胶渗出物 rǔ jiāo shèn chū wù | Milky plant fluid released from cut or damaged tissues. Latex exudate appeared when the fresh fruit stalk was cut. Use it well: Identify the fruit condition, handling stage or sensory property. Describe the specific observation before making a quality claim. |
| 42 | postharvest handling POHST-HAR-vist HAN-dling | 采后处理 cǎi hòu chǔ lǐ | All handling of produce after harvest, including cooling, sorting, transport and storage. Good postharvest handling reduces damage before fruit reaches buyers. Use it well: Identify the fruit condition, handling stage or sensory property. Describe the specific observation before making a quality claim. |
| 43 | maturity stage muh-CHUR-uh-tee STAYJ | 成熟阶段 chéng shú jiē duàn | A defined point in the development of a fruit or crop. Harvest decisions depend partly on the intended maturity stage. Use it well: Identify the fruit condition, handling stage or sensory property. Describe the specific observation before making a quality claim. |
| 44 | flesh texture FLESH TEKS-chuh | 果肉质地 guǒ ròu zhì dì | The physical feel and structure of edible fruit tissue. Consumers may compare flesh texture as well as flavour. Use it well: Identify the fruit condition, handling stage or sensory property. Describe the specific observation before making a quality claim. |
| 45 | custard-like texture KUS-tuhd lyk TEKS-chuh | 奶油布丁般质地 nǎi yóu bù dīng bān zhì dì | A soft, thick and creamy texture resembling custard. The writer described the ripe durian as having a custard-like texture. Use it well: Identify the fruit condition, handling stage or sensory property. Describe the specific observation before making a quality claim. |
| 46 | pungency PUN-jun-see | 强烈气味感 qiáng liè qì wèi gǎn | The quality of having a sharp, intense smell or taste. Pungency is different from sweetness and can dominate the first sensory impression. Use it well: Identify the fruit condition, handling stage or sensory property. Describe the specific observation before making a quality claim. |
| 47 | forest raptor FOR-ist RAP-tuh | 森林猛禽 sēn lín měng qín | A bird of prey adapted to hunting or living in forest environments. The Philippine eagle is a large forest raptor. Use it well: Identify the bird feature or measurement in a diagram or documented account. Wing loading describes weight relative to wing area; wing chord is a length measurement. |
| 48 | wing loading WING LOH-ding | 翼载荷 yì zài hè | Body weight divided by wing area, affecting aspects of flight performance. Wing loading influences how a bird trades speed, lift and manoeuvrability. Use it well: Identify the bird feature or measurement in a diagram or documented account. Wing loading describes weight relative to wing area; wing chord is a length measurement. |
| 49 | wing chord WING KORD | 翼弦长度 yì xián cháng dù | The distance from the front to the rear edge of a wing at a given point. Researchers can use wing chord as one standard body measurement. Use it well: Identify the bird feature or measurement in a diagram or documented account. Wing loading describes weight relative to wing area; wing chord is a length measurement. |
| 50 | primary covert PRY-muh-ree KUV-uht | 初级覆羽 chū jí fù yǔ | A feather covering the bases of the primary flight feathers. Primary coverts help smooth airflow over the outer wing. Use it well: Identify the bird feature or measurement in a diagram or documented account. Wing loading describes weight relative to wing area; wing chord is a length measurement. |
Words 51–60: Philippine Eagle Anatomy and Flight
| No. | English · pronunciation | 中文 · 拼音 | Meaning · example · use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 51 | secondary covert SEK-un-der-ee KUV-uht | 次级覆羽 cì jí fù yǔ | A feather covering the bases of the secondary flight feathers. Secondary coverts form part of the layered wing surface. Use it well: Locate the anatomical feature before explaining its role; a diagram supports a particular learning task without showing all aspects of a living bird’s flight. Check the example’s subject before adapting the sentence to your own question. |
| 52 | flight feather FLYTE FETH-uh | 飞羽 fēi yǔ | A large feather specialised for flight on a bird's wing or tail. Damaged flight feathers can affect aerodynamic performance. Use it well: Locate the anatomical feature before explaining its role; a diagram supports a particular learning task without showing all aspects of a living bird’s flight. Try a different relevant example and explain why this wording still fits. |
| 53 | rectrix REK-triks | 尾羽 wěi yǔ | One of the main tail feathers of a bird. Each rectrix contributes to steering and braking in flight. Use it well: Locate the anatomical feature before explaining its role; a diagram supports a particular learning task without showing all aspects of a living bird’s flight. Keep any unanswered part as a question rather than silently supplying a detail. |
| 54 | cere SEER | 蜡膜 là mó | The soft tissue at the base of the upper beak of some birds, including raptors. The cere surrounds the nostril area above the hooked bill. Use it well: Locate the anatomical feature before explaining its role; a diagram supports a particular learning task without showing all aspects of a living bird’s flight. Read the definition first, then cover it and explain the idea independently. |
| 55 | tarsus TAR-sus | 跗跖部 fū zhí bù | The lower leg region between the ankle joint and toes in birds. Researchers may measure tarsus length during health assessment. Use it well: Locate the anatomical feature before explaining its role; a diagram supports a particular learning task without showing all aspects of a living bird’s flight. Compare the term with a nearby entry and state the difference aloud. |
| 56 | talon span TAL-un SPAN | 爪展 zhuǎ zhǎn | The spread between extended claws or toes of a raptor. A wide talon span helps a large raptor grasp prey. Use it well: Locate the anatomical feature before explaining its role; a diagram supports a particular learning task without showing all aspects of a living bird’s flight. Use an attributed source when your sentence adds a factual claim. |
| 57 | hooked bill HOOKT BIL | 钩状喙 gōu zhuàng huì | A sharply curved beak adapted for tearing food. The eagle's hooked bill is characteristic of birds of prey. Use it well: Locate the anatomical feature before explaining its role; a diagram supports a particular learning task without showing all aspects of a living bird’s flight. Prefer a short clear explanation when your listener is unfamiliar with the phrase. |
| 58 | soaring flight SOR-ing FLYTE | 翱翔飞行 áo xiáng fēi xíng | Flight that uses rising air to remain aloft with limited flapping. Soaring flight conserves energy when suitable air currents are available. Use it well: Locate the anatomical feature before explaining its role; a diagram supports a particular learning task without showing all aspects of a living bird’s flight. Check that the verb you choose describes the actual relationship involved. |
| 59 | thermal updraft THUR-mul UP-draft | 热上升气流 rè shàng shēng qì liú | Rising warm air that birds can use to gain altitude. A raptor may circle inside a thermal updraft. Use it well: Locate the anatomical feature before explaining its role; a diagram supports a particular learning task without showing all aspects of a living bird’s flight. Tell your partner which detail the term adds to your explanation. |
| 60 | perch hunting PURCH HUN-ting | 栖息伏击捕猎 qī xī fú jī bǔ liè | Hunting by watching from a perch before attacking prey. Perch hunting reduces the need for constant active flight. Use it well: Locate the anatomical feature before explaining its role; a diagram supports a particular learning task without showing all aspects of a living bird’s flight. Revisit the sentence later and see whether you can retrieve the meaning without hints. |
Words 61–70: Breeding Biology
| No. | English · pronunciation | 中文 · 拼音 | Meaning · example · use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61 | prey base PRAY BAYS | 猎物基础 liè wù jī chǔ | The population of prey species available to support predators. Forest health affects the prey base available to large raptors. Use it well: State the breeding stage or record in its documented context; a conservation term does not establish the outcome or present status of a particular bird. Check the example’s subject before adapting the sentence to your own question. |
| 62 | nesting territory NES-ting TER-ih-tor-ee | 筑巢领域 zhù cháo lǐng yù | An area defended or repeatedly used by a breeding pair around its nest. Disturbance near a nesting territory can affect breeding behaviour. Use it well: State the breeding stage or record in its documented context; a conservation term does not establish the outcome or present status of a particular bird. Try a different relevant example and explain why this wording still fits. |
| 63 | nest tree NEST TREE | 巢树 cháo shù | A tree used to support a bird's nest. Protecting a nest tree also requires attention to the surrounding forest. Use it well: State the breeding stage or record in its documented context; a conservation term does not establish the outcome or present status of a particular bird. Keep any unanswered part as a question rather than silently supplying a detail. |
| 64 | clutch size KLUCH SYZE | 窝卵数 wō luǎn shù | The number of eggs laid in one nesting attempt. Clutch size is one important reproductive trait in bird studies. Use it well: State the breeding stage or record in its documented context; a conservation term does not establish the outcome or present status of a particular bird. Read the definition first, then cover it and explain the idea independently. |
| 65 | incubation period in-kyoo-BAY-shun PEER-ee-ud | 孵化期 fū huà qī | The time during which eggs are kept under suitable conditions until hatching. The incubation period is measured from laying or sustained incubation to hatching. Use it well: State the breeding stage or record in its documented context; a conservation term does not establish the outcome or present status of a particular bird. Compare the term with a nearby entry and state the difference aloud. |
| 66 | eaglet EEG-lit | 幼鹰 yòu yīng | A young eagle, especially while still dependent in or near the nest. The eaglet remains dependent on adults long after hatching. Use it well: State the breeding stage or record in its documented context; a conservation term does not establish the outcome or present status of a particular bird. Use an attributed source when your sentence adds a factual claim. |
| 67 | fledging age FLEJ-ing AYJ | 离巢年龄 lí cháo nián líng | The age at which a young bird first leaves the nest successfully. Fledging age differs among bird species. Use it well: State the breeding stage or record in its documented context; a conservation term does not establish the outcome or present status of a particular bird. Prefer a short clear explanation when your listener is unfamiliar with the phrase. |
| 68 | juvenile plumage JOO-vuh-nyle PLOO-mij | 幼鸟羽色 yòu niǎo yǔ sè | The feather pattern and colouration of a young bird before adult plumage. Juvenile plumage can look very different from the adult bird's feathers. Use it well: State the breeding stage or record in its documented context; a conservation term does not establish the outcome or present status of a particular bird. Check that the verb you choose describes the actual relationship involved. |
| 69 | pair bond PAIR BOND | 配偶关系 pèi ǒu guān xì | A persistent social relationship between two breeding animals. A strong pair bond can support coordinated nesting behaviour. Use it well: State the breeding stage or record in its documented context; a conservation term does not establish the outcome or present status of a particular bird. Tell your partner which detail the term adds to your explanation. |
| 70 | territorial call ter-ih-TOR-ee-ul KAWL | 领域鸣叫 lǐng yù míng jiào | A vocalisation used in defending or signalling occupancy of an area. Researchers can record a territorial call without approaching the nest. Use it well: State the breeding stage or record in its documented context; a conservation term does not establish the outcome or present status of a particular bird. Revisit the sentence later and see whether you can retrieve the meaning without hints. |
Words 71–80: Conservation Technology
| No. | English · pronunciation | 中文 · 拼音 | Meaning · example · use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 71 | conservation breeding kon-sur-VAY-shun BREE-ding | 保育繁殖 bǎo yù fán zhí | Managed breeding intended to support conservation of a threatened species. The Philippine Eagle Foundation operates conservation-breeding facilities in Davao City. Use it well: Identify the monitoring method and the question it addresses; one record or device cannot supply a complete account of a conservation programme. Check the example’s subject before adapting the sentence to your own question. |
| 72 | artificial insemination ar-tih-FISH-ul in-sem-ih-NAY-shun | 人工授精 rén gōng shòu jīng | A reproductive technique in which sperm is introduced without natural mating. The foundation lists cooperative artificial insemination among breeding methods it uses. Use it well: Identify the monitoring method and the question it addresses; one record or device cannot supply a complete account of a conservation programme. Try a different relevant example and explain why this wording still fits. |
| 73 | release protocol rih-LEES PROH-tuh-kol | 放归规程 fàng guī guī chéng | A defined set of procedures for preparing and releasing an animal into the wild. A release protocol can include health checks, site selection and monitoring. Use it well: Identify the monitoring method and the question it addresses; one record or device cannot supply a complete account of a conservation programme. Keep any unanswered part as a question rather than silently supplying a detail. |
| 74 | radio telemetry RAY-dee-oh tuh-LEM-uh-tree | 无线电遥测 wú xiàn diàn yáo cè | Tracking animals or equipment using radio signals sent from a transmitter. Radio telemetry allows researchers to follow movement after release. Use it well: Identify the monitoring method and the question it addresses; one record or device cannot supply a complete account of a conservation programme. Read the definition first, then cover it and explain the idea independently. |
| 75 | satellite transmitter SAT-uh-lite tranz-MIT-uh | 卫星发射器 wèi xīng fā shè qì | A device that sends location or sensor information through satellites. A satellite transmitter can provide movement data across remote forest. Use it well: Identify the monitoring method and the question it addresses; one record or device cannot supply a complete account of a conservation programme. Compare the term with a nearby entry and state the difference aloud. |
| 76 | population viability pop-yuh-LAY-shun vy-uh-BIL-uh-tee | 种群存续能力 zhǒng qún cún xù néng lì | The likelihood that a population can persist over a defined time under stated assumptions. Population-viability analysis helps compare conservation scenarios. Use it well: Identify the monitoring method and the question it addresses; one record or device cannot supply a complete account of a conservation programme. Use an attributed source when your sentence adds a factual claim. |
| 77 | genetic diversity juh-NET-ik dy-VUR-sih-tee | 遗传多样性 yí chuán duō yàng xìng | Variation in genes within a population or species. Conservation breeding aims to retain as much genetic diversity as possible. Use it well: Identify the monitoring method and the question it addresses; one record or device cannot supply a complete account of a conservation programme. Prefer a short clear explanation when your listener is unfamiliar with the phrase. |
| 78 | founder population FOWN-duh pop-yuh-LAY-shun | 创始种群 chuàng shǐ zhǒng qún | The original individuals from which a managed or new population descends. A small founder population can limit later genetic diversity. Use it well: Identify the monitoring method and the question it addresses; one record or device cannot supply a complete account of a conservation programme. Check that the verb you choose describes the actual relationship involved. |
| 79 | species studbook SPEE-sheez STUD-book | 物种谱系登记册 wù zhǒng pǔ xì dēng jì cè | A record of ancestry, identity and breeding history for animals in a managed population. The species studbook helps managers avoid unnecessary inbreeding. Use it well: Identify the monitoring method and the question it addresses; one record or device cannot supply a complete account of a conservation programme. Tell your partner which detail the term adds to your explanation. |
| 80 | wildlife rehabilitation WYLD-lyfe ree-huh-bil-ih-TAY-shun | 野生动物康复 yě shēng dòng wù kāng fù | Care intended to help injured or displaced wild animals recover for possible release. Wildlife rehabilitation is different from keeping an animal permanently in captivity. Use it well: Identify the monitoring method and the question it addresses; one record or device cannot supply a complete account of a conservation programme. Revisit the sentence later and see whether you can retrieve the meaning without hints. |
Words 81–90: Habitat Recovery and Farm Visits
| No. | English · pronunciation | 中文 · 拼音 | Meaning · example · use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 81 | forest restoration FOR-ist res-tuh-RAY-shun | 森林恢复 sēn lín huī fù | Work intended to recover forest structure, function or biodiversity. The Philippine Eagle Foundation links forest restoration with eagle conservation. Use it well: Distinguish a habitat-protection or planting activity from its assessed ecological outcome. Explain which relationship your source supports. |
| 82 | forest corridor FOR-ist KOR-ih-dor | 森林生态廊道 sēn lín shēng tài láng dào | A strip of habitat connecting larger forest areas. A forest corridor can help wildlife move between fragmented habitats. Use it well: Distinguish a habitat-protection or planting activity from its assessed ecological outcome. Explain which relationship your source supports. |
| 83 | native tree planting NAY-tiv TREE PLAN-ting | 本土树种种植 běn tǔ shù zhǒng zhòng zhí | Planting tree species native to the local ecosystem. Native tree planting can support long-term habitat recovery when matched to site conditions. Use it well: Distinguish a habitat-protection or planting activity from its assessed ecological outcome. Explain which relationship your source supports. |
| 84 | watershed reforestation WAW-tuh-shed ree-for-uh-STAY-shun | 流域再造林 liú yù zài zào lín | Re-establishing forest cover within a drainage basin. Watershed reforestation can support habitat, soil stability and water regulation. Use it well: Distinguish a habitat-protection or planting activity from its assessed ecological outcome. Explain which relationship your source supports. |
| 85 | habitat protection HAB-ih-tat pruh-TEK-shun | 栖息地保护 qī xī dì bǎo hù | Measures used to prevent degradation or loss of the places species depend on. Protecting habitat is central to conserving a wide-ranging forest raptor. Use it well: Distinguish a habitat-protection or planting activity from its assessed ecological outcome. Explain which relationship your source supports. |
| 86 | agritourism farm AG-rih-toor-iz-um FARM | 农业旅游农场 nóng yè lǚ yóu nóng chǎng | A working or demonstration farm that also receives visitors for learning or recreation. Davao City's tourism site lists agri-tourism among its visitor experiences. Use it well: Identify the farm activity, facility or transaction. Check the host’s current arrangements before describing a planned visit or sampling session. |
| 87 | farm-gate sale FARM-gayt SAYL | 农场直售 nóng chǎng zhí shòu | A sale made directly from a farm to a buyer or visitor. A farm-gate sale can shorten the distance between producer and customer. Use it well: Identify the farm activity, facility or transaction. Check the host’s current arrangements before describing a planned visit or sampling session. |
| 88 | ripening room RYE-puh-ning ROOM | 催熟室 cuī shú shì | A controlled room used to manage fruit ripening after harvest. Temperature and ethylene may be monitored in a ripening room. Use it well: Identify the farm activity, facility or transaction. Check the host’s current arrangements before describing a planned visit or sampling session. |
| 89 | produce cold room PROH-doos KOHLD ROOM | 农产品冷藏室 nóng chǎn pǐn lěng cáng shì | A refrigerated room for storing fresh produce. The produce cold room slows quality loss after harvest. Use it well: Identify the farm activity, facility or transaction. Check the host’s current arrangements before describing a planned visit or sampling session. |
| 90 | fruit sampling FROOT SAM-pling | 水果取样 shuǐ guǒ qǔ yàng | Selecting representative fruit for measurement, tasting or laboratory testing. Fruit sampling should represent the batch rather than only the best-looking pieces. Use it well: Identify the farm activity, facility or transaction. Check the host’s current arrangements before describing a planned visit or sampling session. |
Words 91–100: Agri-tourism and Sensory Vocabulary
| No. | English · pronunciation | 中文 · 拼音 | Meaning · example · use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 91 | sensory evaluation SEN-suh-ree ih-val-yoo-AY-shun | 感官评价 gǎn guān píng jià | Structured assessment of food using senses such as smell, taste and texture. Sensory evaluation can compare chocolate samples under consistent conditions. Use it well: Describe your own sensory response and confirm the actual host’s arrangements; a fictional learning scene does not promise a farm visit or tasting activity. Check the example’s subject before adapting the sentence to your own question. |
| 92 | aroma wheel uh-ROH-muh WEEL | 香气轮 xiāng qì lún | A circular vocabulary tool for organising aroma descriptions. An aroma wheel gives learners more precise choices than simply saying 'nice smell'. Use it well: Describe your own sensory response and confirm the actual host’s arrangements; a fictional learning scene does not promise a farm visit or tasting activity. Try a different relevant example and explain why this wording still fits. |
| 93 | texture profile TEKS-chuh PROH-fyle | 质构特征 zhì gòu tè zhēng | A structured description of physical texture qualities in food. The texture profile recorded creaminess, firmness and graininess separately. Use it well: Describe your own sensory response and confirm the actual host’s arrangements; a fictional learning scene does not promise a farm visit or tasting activity. Keep any unanswered part as a question rather than silently supplying a detail. |
| 94 | lingering aftertaste LING-uh-ring AF-tuh-tayst | 持久余味 chí jiǔ yú wèi | A flavour sensation that remains after food has been swallowed. The dark chocolate left a lingering aftertaste of roasted nuts. Use it well: Describe your own sensory response and confirm the actual host’s arrangements; a fictional learning scene does not promise a farm visit or tasting activity. Read the definition first, then cover it and explain the idea independently. |
| 95 | mouthfeel MOWTH-feel | 口腔质感 kǒu qiāng zhì gǎn | The physical sensations a food or drink creates in the mouth. Cocoa butter strongly influences chocolate mouthfeel. Use it well: Describe your own sensory response and confirm the actual host’s arrangements; a fictional learning scene does not promise a farm visit or tasting activity. Compare the term with a nearby entry and state the difference aloud. |
| 96 | cacao astringency kuh-KOW uh-STRIN-jun-see | 可可涩感 kě kě sè gǎn | The drying or puckering sensation associated with some cacao compounds. Longer fermentation can alter perceived cacao astringency. Use it well: Describe your own sensory response and confirm the actual host’s arrangements; a fictional learning scene does not promise a farm visit or tasting activity. Use an attributed source when your sentence adds a factual claim. |
| 97 | sweetness-acidity balance SWEET-nis uh-SID-uh-tee BAL-uns | 甜酸平衡 tián suān píng héng | The relationship between perceived sweetness and acidity in a food or drink. A good sweetness-acidity balance can make tropical fruit taste lively rather than flat. Use it well: Describe your own sensory response and confirm the actual host’s arrangements; a fictional learning scene does not promise a farm visit or tasting activity. Prefer a short clear explanation when your listener is unfamiliar with the phrase. |
| 98 | traceability code TRAY-suh-BIL-uh-tee KOHD | 追溯码 zhuī sù mǎ | An identifier used to connect a product with production or handling records. The traceability code linked the chocolate bar to its cacao batch. Use it well: Describe your own sensory response and confirm the actual host’s arrangements; a fictional learning scene does not promise a farm visit or tasting activity. Check that the verb you choose describes the actual relationship involved. |
| 99 | origin certificate OR-ih-jin sur-TIF-ih-kit | 产地证明 chǎn dì zhèng míng | A document certifying where a product originated under a stated system. The buyer checked the origin certificate before accepting the shipment. Use it well: Describe your own sensory response and confirm the actual host’s arrangements; a fictional learning scene does not promise a farm visit or tasting activity. Tell your partner which detail the term adds to your explanation. |
| 100 | farm cooperative FARM koh-OP-er-uh-tiv | 农业合作社 nóng yè hé zuò shè | An organisation owned or run collectively by farmers for shared economic or service purposes. A farm cooperative can combine training, processing or market access for members. Use it well: Describe your own sensory response and confirm the actual host’s arrangements; a fictional learning scene does not promise a farm visit or tasting activity. Revisit the sentence later and see whether you can retrieve the meaning without hints. |
Davao history, food systems and conservation notes
Davao’s tourism layer includes farms and locally grown produce
The official Davao City Tourism site lists agri-tourism among the city’s visitor experiences and describes orchard-based attractions with durian, rambutan, pomelo and other tropical fruits. See Davao City Tourism’s agri-tourism listings.
A cacao bean is a process, not just an ingredient
Chocolate vocabulary becomes much easier when the learner follows sequence: pod, pulp, fermentation, drying, roasting, winnowing, grinding, conching and tempering. Each step changes the material in a different way.
Durian vocabulary can separate aroma from ripeness
Pungency, soluble solids, ethylene and flesh texture describe different properties. A strong smell does not by itself establish sweetness, ripeness or quality.
The Philippine Eagle Center is in Davao City
The Philippine Eagle Foundation lists its centre in Malagos, Davao City, and describes its mission as saving the Philippine eagle while protecting the biodiversity and forest it represents. Read the Philippine Eagle Foundation’s official site.
Conservation breeding is one tool inside a much larger system
The foundation describes research, conservation breeding, education and reforestation as connected programmes. It also identifies natural pairing and cooperative artificial insemination among breeding methods. See the foundation’s conservation programmes.
Forest restoration makes species conservation spatial
A nest tree matters, but so do prey, connected habitat, watershed condition and forest corridors. Vocabulary helps us avoid reducing conservation to one animal in one enclosure.
Six bilingual conversations for Davao
1. Follow the cacao process
A: Is roasting the first step?
B: No. Fermentation and drying happen before roasting.
中文：甲：烘焙是第一步吗？
乙：不是，发酵和干燥都在烘焙之前。
2. Read a chocolate surface
A: Is that pale coating mould?
B: It may be fat bloom, but we should identify the cause before deciding.
中文：甲：表面的浅色层是霉吗？
乙：可能是脂霜，但要先确认原因。
3. Separate smell from sweetness
A: The durian smells strong. Does that mean it is sweeter?
B: No. Pungency and soluble solids describe different properties.
中文：甲：榴莲气味很强，就表示更甜吗？
乙：不一定。强烈气味和可溶性固形物不是同一个指标。
4. Read a raptor wing
A: Are rectrices wing feathers?
B: No. Rectrices are the main tail feathers.
中文：甲：rectrix是翅膀羽毛吗？
乙：不是，它指主要尾羽。
5. Ask what breeding supports
A: Does captive breeding replace forest protection?
B: No. The foundation links breeding with research, habitat and reforestation.
中文：甲：人工繁殖可以代替森林保护吗？
乙：不可以。保育体系还包括研究、栖息地与再造林。
6. Taste with vocabulary
A: I only know how to say ‘good chocolate’.
B: Try mouthfeel, aftertaste, astringency and sweetness-acidity balance.
中文：甲：我只会说“巧克力很好吃”。
乙：可以试试口腔质感、余味、涩感和甜酸平衡。
Six meaning distinctions for clearer food and conservation English
Fermentation and roasting are different transformations
Fermentation is largely microbial and begins after harvest; roasting is a later heat-driven process.
Cocoa butter and cocoa solids are different fractions
Cocoa butter is the fat fraction; cocoa solids are the non-fat cacao components.
Pungency is not sweetness
One describes sharp sensory intensity, while the other describes a sweet taste sensation.
A fledgling is not simply any young bird
A fledgling has reached the stage of leaving the nest, although it may still depend on adults.
A studbook is not a field notebook
A species studbook records identity, ancestry and breeding history in a managed population.
Forest restoration is broader than tree planting
Planting can be one technique, but restoration also concerns species mix, structure, monitoring and ecological function.
Build a Davao sentence with the Fencing Method
- The chocolate tasted strong.
- The chocolate had a lingering roasted aftertaste.
- The sample also showed moderate cacao astringency.
- Its mouthfeel was smooth because the cocoa-butter phase melted quickly.
- The sentence now separates flavour, texture and physical mechanism.
A short Davao writing model
Our fictional Davao learning day began with a cacao pod. Once it was opened, chocolate stopped being a finished snack and became a chain of processes: fermentation built flavour precursors, roasting triggered new reactions, and tempering controlled crystal structure. At a fruit display, durian created another distinction—pungency, sweetness and texture were not interchangeable. Later, conservation vocabulary made the biggest jump of all. A Philippine eagle was not only a magnificent bird; it was also a wing-loading problem, a nesting-territory problem, a genetics problem and a forest-connectivity problem. Better nouns had made the city more interesting.
Practice
- Draw the cacao process from pod to tempered chocolate.
- Compare cocoa butter with cocoa solids.
- Write one paragraph that separates durian aroma from ripeness.
- Label cere, tarsus and rectrices on a raptor diagram.
- Explain why a species studbook supports genetic management.
- Replace ‘nice chocolate’ with four sensory terms.
Practise, retrieve and explain your Davao vocabulary
Choose five terms from one group and read their meanings together with the examples. Cover the English column and explain the idea before looking again. If you can recognise a phrase but cannot use it, begin with a simpler sentence. If you can use it but confuse a nearby term, compare their meanings and test a new example. Record the exact uncertainty so that the next practice round has a purpose.
A worked Fencing Method application
Build one accurate sentence at a time. First settle the meaning of the chosen term and the relationship you want to describe. Add a supported detail, then a useful limit or reason. Read the sentence aloud, check the verb and remove any claim your evidence cannot support. Try the idea again in another relevant setting before adding more terms.
Start: We read about a cacao bean.
Add precision: We read how the seed passes through different processing stages.
Keep the evidence boundary: We separated the processing explanation from claims about a particular farm’s visitor activity.
Now cover the model and write your own sentence using cacao bean. Explain why the phrase fits. Change the setting to a school image, text or diagram while preserving the distinction you practised. A successful transfer uses the idea accurately in the new context rather than copying a city sentence with its place name changed.
A bilingual source-checking conversation
These exchanges are language-learning models. They do not report an actual booking, visit or statement made by an institution.
A: Which source supports our explanation of cacao bean? B: Let us identify the relevant record and separate what it says from what we observed.
甲：哪个来源支持我们的说明？乙：我们找出相关记录，并区分记录内容与自己的观察。
A: Does this learning example confirm our planned Davao activity? B: We still need the responsible host’s information for the date and task we intend.
甲：这个学习例句能确认我们计划的活动吗？乙：我们仍需要负责人提供适用于计划日期和任务的信息。
Exercises and worked answers
Distinguish fermentation from roasting. Explain why strong durian aroma does not establish sweetness. State why tree planting and complete habitat recovery are different claims.
Check your reasoning: Fermentation and roasting involve different transformations. Aroma and sweetness are different sensory qualities. Habitat recovery involves ecological relationships and assessed outcomes beyond planting alone.
Write a short paragraph with one clear purpose, two relevant terms and a source attribution where needed. Underline the observation, circle the explanation and mark any sentence that concerns present visitor arrangements. Compare with a partner and revise one statement that goes beyond its evidence. Your answer should explain a relationship rather than merely list definitions.
Common learning questions
Must I use all 100 entries? Choose the terms that answer your question. Specialist vocabulary becomes useful when you understand its purpose; a clear ordinary sentence is a good starting point.
How can I check independent recall? Return later with the table covered. Explain five meanings and use two in new sentences. Check the exact error, repair it and attempt another example.
Does a model conversation establish visitor access? Confirm the actual date, place, activity and permissions with the responsible host. A learning scene and a current arrangement supply different information.
Continue learning through the eduKate ecosystem
Continue through eduKate’s Vocabulary Hub, English Learning Hub, Science Learning Hub and the Fencing Method.
Frequently asked questions
Which learning themes does this guide cover?
This guide connects cacao processing, durian description and Philippine-eagle conservation. Choose a theme and practise explaining its terms in a clear sentence.
Does chocolate liquor contain alcohol?
No. The term refers to ground cacao paste.
Is strong durian smell the same as high sweetness?
No. Aroma intensity and sweetness are different sensory properties.
Is conservation breeding the whole conservation programme?
No. Research, habitat protection, education and forest restoration also matter.
Does reforestation automatically restore a complete forest?
No. Ecological recovery depends on species, structure, monitoring and time.
Can Pinyin pronounce local Philippine words?
No. Pinyin is for the Chinese translation only.
Sources and visitor planning
Davao City Tourism Operations Office
Davao City Tourism — Agri-tourism
Philippine Eagle Foundation — Conservation Services
Continue your South East Asia vocabulary journey
Continue to Buon Ma Thuot for coffee science, Phu Quoc for marine ecology or Can Tho for river commerce.
Continue with the Philippines city collection, or explore the world city directory. For vocabulary practice, use the Vocabulary Learning Hub and Fencing Method.