Salisbury travel vocabulary for visiting and touring the UK: 100 distinctive English words, archaeology terms and place names with British-English pronunciation, Simplified Chinese meanings and bilingual learning notes. Explore Salisbury Cathedral, Magna Carta, the medieval clock, Cathedral Close, Old Sarum, Stonehenge, water meadows and Salisbury Museum archaeology.
Salisbury works especially well as a vocabulary route because written law, medieval engineering, prehistoric monument building and river management all occupy one connected landscape. The terms therefore move from parchment and clockwork to earthworks, stone joints and chalk-fed rivers.
索尔兹伯里英汉旅行词汇：用 100 个独特英语词语学习索尔兹伯里大教堂、《大宪章》、中世纪机械钟、大教堂围合区、老塞勒姆、巨石阵、水草甸与索尔兹伯里博物馆考古。
Salisbury: charter, cathedral and prehistoric landscape
Salisbury Cathedral holds one of only four surviving original 1215 Magna Carta documents and presents it in the Chapter House. The same building complex also preserves a medieval mechanical clock, while the Close keeps a remarkable concentration of historic houses and gates.
North of the modern city, Old Sarum preserves the earlier hilltop settlement and cathedral site. Farther across Salisbury Plain, Stonehenge and its surrounding Neolithic landscape extend the vocabulary into prehistoric engineering, burial and astronomy. Current cathedral visitor information recommends checking closures and booking ahead for preferred admission times.
Salisbury Cathedral Magna Carta · Salisbury Cathedral visitor information · Stonehenge.
The 100-word contents
- 1–10: Cathedral structure and spire
- 11–20: Magna Carta material vocabulary
- 21–30: Chapter House sculpture
- 31–40: Medieval clock mechanics
- 41–50: Cathedral Close
- 51–60: Old Sarum
- 61–70: Stonehenge architecture
- 71–80: Neolithic landscape
- 81–90: Salisbury rivers and water meadows
- 91–100: Salisbury Museum archaeology
1–10: Cathedral structure and spire
1. Salisbury Cathedral /ˈsɔːlzbəri kəˈθiːdrəl/
Meaning: medieval cathedral in Salisbury with England’s tallest church spire. 中文：索尔兹伯里大教堂。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. Salisbury Cathedral.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
2. Salisbury spire /ˈsɔːlzbəri spaɪə/
Meaning: the tall medieval spire rising above Salisbury Cathedral. 中文：索尔兹伯里大教堂尖塔。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. Salisbury spire.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
3. crossing spire /ˈkrɒsɪŋ spaɪə/
Meaning: spire built above the crossing of nave and transepts. 中文：交叉部尖塔。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. crossing spire.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
4. Chilmark stone /ˈtʃɪlmɑːk stəʊn/
Meaning: local limestone historically used in Salisbury Cathedral. 中文：Chilmark 石灰岩。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. Chilmark stone.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
5. Purbeck marble /ˈpɜːbek ˌmɑːbəl/
Meaning: dark polished limestone from Dorset used decoratively in medieval architecture. 中文：Purbeck 大理石。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. Purbeck marble.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
6. slender pier /ˈslendə pɪə/
Meaning: tall narrow structural support in a large interior. 中文：细长支柱。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. slender pier.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
7. spire bracing /ˈspaɪə ˌbreɪsɪŋ/
Meaning: structural reinforcement used to stabilise a spire. 中文：尖塔支撑结构。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. spire bracing.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
8. internal timber bracing /ɪnˌtɜːnəl ˈtɪmbə ˌbreɪsɪŋ/
Meaning: wooden structural supports inside a building or tower. 中文：内部木结构支撑。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. internal timber bracing.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
9. tower crossing /ˈtaʊə ˌkrɒsɪŋ/
Meaning: structural intersection beneath a central tower. 中文：塔楼交叉部。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. tower crossing.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
10. medieval scaffolding /ˌmediˈiːvəl ˈskæfəldɪŋ/
Meaning: temporary working platforms and supports used in medieval construction. 中文：中世纪脚手架。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. medieval scaffolding.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
11–20: Magna Carta material vocabulary
11. Salisbury Magna Carta /ˈsɔːlzbəri ˌmæɡnə ˈkɑːtə/
Meaning: Salisbury Cathedral’s original 1215 Magna Carta. 中文：索尔兹伯里《大宪章》原件。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. Salisbury Magna Carta.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
12. 1215 charter /ˌtwelv ˌfɪfˈtiːn ˈtʃɑːtə/
Meaning: charter issued in the year 1215. 中文：1215 年宪章。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. 1215 charter.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
13. parchment membrane /ˈpɑːtʃmənt ˌmembreɪn/
Meaning: single sheet of prepared animal skin used for writing. 中文：羊皮纸单张。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. parchment membrane.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
14. iron gall ink /ˌaɪən ˈɡɔːl ɪŋk/
Meaning: historic writing ink made from iron salts and tannin-rich galls. 中文：铁胆墨水。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. iron gall ink.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
15. quill script /ˈkwɪl skrɪpt/
Meaning: handwriting produced with a feather quill. 中文：羽毛笔书写。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. quill script.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
16. Latin charter text /ˈlætɪn ˈtʃɑːtə tekst/
Meaning: formal charter wording written in Latin. 中文：拉丁文宪章文本。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. Latin charter text.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
17. charter engrossment /ˈtʃɑːtə ɪnˈɡrəʊsmənt/
Meaning: formal production of an authoritative fair copy of a charter. 中文：宪章正式誊写本。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. charter engrossment.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
18. clause 39 /ˌklɔːz ˈθɜːti naɪn/
Meaning: Magna Carta provision associated with lawful judgment and due process. 中文：第 39 条。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. clause 39.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
19. clause 40 /ˌklɔːz ˈfɔːti/
Meaning: Magna Carta provision rejecting the sale, denial or delay of justice. 中文：第 40 条。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. clause 40.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
20. Magna Carta enclosure /ˌmæɡnə ˈkɑːtə ɪnˌkləʊʒə/
Meaning: protected display space containing the historic charter. 中文：大宪章保护展区。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. Magna Carta enclosure.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
21–30: Chapter House sculpture
21. Salisbury Chapter House /ˈsɔːlzbəri ˈtʃæptə haʊs/
Meaning: octagonal cathedral meeting house containing the Magna Carta exhibition. 中文：索尔兹伯里教士会议厅。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. Salisbury Chapter House.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
22. octagonal chapter house /ɒkˈtæɡənəl ˈtʃæptə haʊs/
Meaning: eight-sided meeting house used by a cathedral chapter. 中文：八角形教士会议厅。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. octagonal chapter house.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
23. central chapter column /ˈsentrəl ˈtʃæptə ˌkɒləm/
Meaning: single central column supporting the chapter-house vault. 中文：会议厅中央柱。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. central chapter column.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
24. radial vault /ˈreɪdiəl vɔːlt/
Meaning: vault whose ribs spread outward from a central support. 中文：放射状拱顶。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. radial vault.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
25. carved stone frieze /ˌkɑːvd stəʊn friːz/
Meaning: horizontal band of sculpted stone decoration. 中文：石雕饰带。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. carved stone frieze.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
26. Genesis frieze /ˈdʒenəsɪs friːz/
Meaning: carved scenes depicting stories from Genesis. 中文：《创世记》雕刻饰带。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. Genesis frieze.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
27. Exodus frieze /ˈeksədəs friːz/
Meaning: carved scenes depicting stories from Exodus. 中文：《出埃及记》雕刻饰带。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. Exodus frieze.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
28. carved head /ˌkɑːvd ˈhed/
Meaning: sculpted human or fantastic head used as architectural decoration. 中文：雕刻头像。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. carved head.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
29. blind wall arcade /ˌblaɪnd wɔːl ɑːˈkeɪd/
Meaning: decorative sequence of arches applied to a solid wall. 中文：盲拱墙饰。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. blind wall arcade.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
30. chapter seating /ˈtʃæptə ˌsiːtɪŋ/
Meaning: seats arranged for members of a cathedral chapter. 中文：教士会议座席。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. chapter seating.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
31–40: Medieval clock mechanics
31. Salisbury Cathedral clock /ˈsɔːlzbəri kəˈθiːdrəl klɒk/
Meaning: historic mechanical clock preserved at Salisbury Cathedral. 中文：索尔兹伯里大教堂古钟。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. Salisbury Cathedral clock.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
32. medieval clock /ˌmediˈiːvəl klɒk/
Meaning: mechanical clock made during the medieval period. 中文：中世纪机械钟。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. medieval clock.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
33. verge escapement /ˈvɜːdʒ ɪˌskeɪpmənt/
Meaning: early clock mechanism controlling gear release with a verge and pallets. 中文：冠轮擒纵机构。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. verge escapement.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
34. foliot balance /ˈfəʊliət ˌbæləns/
Meaning: horizontal oscillating bar used to regulate an early mechanical clock. 中文：横杆摆式调速器。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. foliot balance.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
35. iron clock frame /ˈaɪən klɒk freɪm/
Meaning: wrought-iron structure supporting a clock mechanism. 中文：铁制钟机框架。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. iron clock frame.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
36. striking train /ˈstraɪkɪŋ treɪn/
Meaning: gearing that powers a clock’s bell-striking function. 中文：报时齿轮系统。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. striking train.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
37. weight-driven clock /ˈweɪt ˌdrɪvən klɒk/
Meaning: clock powered by descending suspended weights. 中文：重锤驱动时钟。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. weight-driven clock.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
38. bell strike /ˈbel straɪk/
Meaning: impact sounding a bell to mark time. 中文：钟铃敲击。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. bell strike.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
39. restored mechanism /rɪˈstɔːd ˌmekənɪzəm/
Meaning: historic mechanism repaired to preserve or recover function. 中文：修复后的机械装置。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. restored mechanism.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
40. turret-clock movement /ˈtʌrɪt klɒk ˌmuːvmənt/
Meaning: large clock mechanism originally intended to drive a public turret clock. 中文：塔钟机芯。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. turret-clock movement.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
41–50: Cathedral Close
41. Salisbury Cathedral Close /ˈsɔːlzbəri kəˈθiːdrəl kləʊs/
Meaning: large enclosed precinct surrounding Salisbury Cathedral. 中文：索尔兹伯里大教堂围合区。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. Salisbury Cathedral Close.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
42. Close wall /ˈkləʊs wɔːl/
Meaning: boundary wall surrounding a cathedral close. 中文：大教堂围墙。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. Close wall.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
43. High Street Gate /ˈhaɪ striːt ɡeɪt/
Meaning: historic pedestrian and vehicle entrance into Salisbury Cathedral Close. 中文：高街门。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. High Street Gate.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
44. St Ann’s Gate /sənt ˈænz ɡeɪt/
Meaning: historic gate into the eastern side of the Cathedral Close. 中文：圣安门。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. St Ann’s Gate.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
45. Harnham Gate /ˈhɑːnəm ɡeɪt/
Meaning: southern gate providing access to the Cathedral Close. 中文：哈纳姆门。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. Harnham Gate.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
46. Bishop’s Palace grounds /ˈbɪʃəps ˌpælɪs ɡraʊndz/
Meaning: landscape surrounding the historic bishop’s residence. 中文：主教宫花园。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. Bishop’s Palace grounds.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
47. Choristers Green /ˈkɒrɪstəz ɡriːn/
Meaning: green open space within the Cathedral Close. 中文：唱诗班员绿地。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. Choristers Green.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
48. King’s House /ˈkɪŋz haʊs/
Meaning: historic building in the Close now housing Salisbury Museum. 中文：国王之家。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. King’s House.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
49. Arundells /ˈærəndəlz/
Meaning: historic house in Salisbury Cathedral Close. 中文：Arundells 历史宅邸。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. Arundells.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
50. Mompesson House /ˈmɒmpəsən haʊs/
Meaning: eighteenth-century townhouse in Salisbury Cathedral Close. 中文：蒙佩森宅邸。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. Mompesson House.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
51–60: Old Sarum
51. Old Sarum /ˌəʊld ˈseərəm/
Meaning: hilltop archaeological site north of Salisbury containing prehistoric, Roman, Norman and medieval remains. 中文：老塞勒姆。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. Old Sarum.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
52. Iron Age hillfort /ˈaɪən eɪdʒ ˌhɪlfɔːt/
Meaning: fortified hilltop enclosure dating from the Iron Age. 中文：铁器时代山堡。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. Iron Age hillfort.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
53. outer rampart /ˈaʊtə ˌræmpɑːt/
Meaning: outer defensive bank surrounding a fortified site. 中文：外层防御土垒。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. outer rampart.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
54. Norman castle mound /ˌnɔːmən ˈkɑːsəl maʊnd/
Meaning: earth mound supporting a Norman castle. 中文：诺曼城堡土丘。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. Norman castle mound.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
55. cathedral footprint /kəˈθiːdrəl ˈfʊtprɪnt/
Meaning: ground plan or surviving trace showing where a cathedral once stood. 中文：大教堂地基轮廓。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. cathedral footprint.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
56. motte-and-bailey complex /ˌmɒt ən ˈbeɪli ˌkɒmpleks/
Meaning: castle arrangement combining an earth mound with an enclosed courtyard. 中文：土丘堡与堡院建筑群。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. motte-and-bailey complex.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
57. royal castle ruins /ˌrɔɪəl ˈkɑːsəl ˌruːɪnz/
Meaning: surviving remains of a castle used by monarchs. 中文：王室城堡遗址。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. royal castle ruins.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
58. bishop’s cathedral site /ˈbɪʃəps kəˈθiːdrəl saɪt/
Meaning: site where a bishop’s cathedral complex once stood. 中文：主教大教堂遗址。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. bishop’s cathedral site.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
59. abandoned cathedral /əˈbændənd kəˈθiːdrəl/
Meaning: cathedral site left behind after worship and administration moved elsewhere. 中文：废弃大教堂。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. abandoned cathedral.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
60. medieval borough /ˌmediˈiːvəl ˈbʌrə/
Meaning: chartered urban settlement of the medieval period. 中文：中世纪自治城镇。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. medieval borough.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
61–70: Stonehenge architecture
61. Stonehenge /ˌstəʊnˈhendʒ/
Meaning: prehistoric stone monument on Salisbury Plain. 中文：巨石阵。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. Stonehenge.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
62. henge monument /ˈhendʒ ˌmɒnjumənt/
Meaning: prehistoric circular earthwork defined by a bank and internal ditch. 中文：环形土堤纪念遗址。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. henge monument.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
63. trilithon /ˈtraɪlɪθɒn/
Meaning: three-stone structure formed by two uprights supporting a lintel. 中文：三石门结构。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. trilithon.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
64. sarsen /ˈsɑːsən/
Meaning: hard silcrete stone used for the largest Stonehenge uprights and lintels. 中文：砂岩巨石。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. sarsen.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
65. bluestone /ˈbluːstəʊn/
Meaning: collective term for smaller Stonehenge stones originating largely from Wales. 中文：蓝石。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. bluestone.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
66. lintelled circle /ˈlɪntəld ˌsɜːkəl/
Meaning: ring of upright stones connected by horizontal lintels. 中文：横梁石环。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. lintelled circle.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
67. mortise-and-tenon stone joint /ˌmɔːtɪs ən ˈtenən stəʊn dʒɔɪnt/
Meaning: stone joint shaped like a woodworking mortise and tenon. 中文：石制榫卯连接。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. mortise-and-tenon stone joint.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
68. solstitial alignment /sɒlˈstɪʃəl əˌlaɪnmənt/
Meaning: orientation related to sunrise or sunset at a solstice. 中文：冬夏至对齐。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. solstitial alignment.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
69. Heel Stone /ˈhiːl stəʊn/
Meaning: large standing stone outside Stonehenge’s main circle. 中文：脚跟石。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. Heel Stone.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
70. Avenue earthwork /ˈævənjuː ˌɜːθwɜːk/
Meaning: paired banks and ditches forming the Stonehenge Avenue. 中文：大道土方遗迹。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. Avenue earthwork.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
71–80: Neolithic landscape
71. Durrington Walls /ˈdʌrɪŋtən wɔːlz/
Meaning: large Neolithic henge settlement complex near Stonehenge. 中文：杜灵顿墙遗址。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. Durrington Walls.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
72. cursus monument /ˈkɜːsəs ˌmɒnjumənt/
Meaning: long narrow Neolithic earthwork enclosure. 中文：长条形新石器时代土方遗址。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. cursus monument.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
73. barrow cemetery /ˈbærəʊ ˌsemətri/
Meaning: group of prehistoric burial mounds within one landscape. 中文：古墓丘群。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. barrow cemetery.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
74. round barrow /ˌraʊnd ˈbærəʊ/
Meaning: circular prehistoric burial mound. 中文：圆形墓丘。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. round barrow.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
75. long barrow /ˌlɒŋ ˈbærəʊ/
Meaning: elongated Neolithic burial mound. 中文：长形墓丘。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. long barrow.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
76. cremation burial /krɪˈmeɪʃən ˌberiəl/
Meaning: burial containing cremated human remains. 中文：火葬遗存。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. cremation burial.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
77. Aubrey Holes /ˈɔːbri həʊlz/
Meaning: ring of pits inside Stonehenge named after John Aubrey. 中文：奥布里坑。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. Aubrey Holes.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
78. bank-and-ditch enclosure /ˌbæŋk ən ˈdɪtʃ ɪnˌkləʊʒə/
Meaning: enclosed space defined by earth banks and ditches. 中文：堤沟围合区。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. bank-and-ditch enclosure.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
79. timber circle /ˈtɪmbə ˌsɜːkəl/
Meaning: prehistoric circular arrangement of upright wooden posts. 中文：木柱环。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. timber circle.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
80. chalk downland /ˈtʃɔːk ˌdaʊnlənd/
Meaning: rolling grassland landscape developed on chalk geology. 中文：白垩丘陵草地。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. chalk downland.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
81–90: Salisbury rivers and water meadows
81. Salisbury Avon /ˈsɔːlzbəri ˈeɪvən/
Meaning: River Avon flowing through Salisbury towards the south coast. 中文：索尔兹伯里埃文河。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. Salisbury Avon.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
82. River Nadder /ˌrɪvə ˈnædə/
Meaning: river joining the Avon at Salisbury. 中文：纳德河。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. River Nadder.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
83. River Bourne /ˌrɪvə ˈbɔːn/
Meaning: chalk river flowing into Salisbury. 中文：伯恩河。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. River Bourne.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
84. River Wylye /ˌrɪvə ˈwaɪli/
Meaning: chalk river joining the Nadder west of Salisbury. 中文：怀利河。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. River Wylye.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
85. water meadow /ˈwɔːtə ˌmedəʊ/
Meaning: grassland deliberately irrigated with controlled river water. 中文：水草甸。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. water meadow.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
86. carrier channel /ˈkæriə ˌtʃænəl/
Meaning: small artificial channel carrying irrigation water across a meadow. 中文：引水渠。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. carrier channel.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
87. drowning meadow /ˈdraʊnɪŋ ˌmedəʊ/
Meaning: historic term for a meadow irrigated by shallow flowing water. 中文：漫灌草甸。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. drowning meadow.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
88. sluice hatch /ˈsluːs hætʃ/
Meaning: movable gate controlling water through a small channel. 中文：水闸闸板。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. sluice hatch.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
89. meadow irrigation /ˈmedəʊ ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃən/
Meaning: controlled watering of grassland to improve growth. 中文：草甸灌溉。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. meadow irrigation.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
90. chalk-fed river /ˈtʃɔːk fed ˌrɪvə/
Meaning: river supplied substantially by groundwater stored in chalk. 中文：白垩地下水补给河流。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. chalk-fed river.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
91–100: Salisbury Museum archaeology
91. Salisbury Museum /ˈsɔːlzbəri mjuːˌziːəm/
Meaning: museum in the Cathedral Close with major local archaeology collections. 中文：索尔兹伯里博物馆。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. Salisbury Museum.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
92. Amesbury Archer /ˈeɪmzbəri ˌɑːtʃə/
Meaning: Early Bronze Age burial found near Amesbury with rich grave goods. 中文：埃姆斯伯里弓箭手。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. Amesbury Archer.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
93. Stonehenge Archer /ˌstəʊnhedʒ ˈɑːtʃə/
Meaning: prehistoric burial found near Stonehenge with evidence of arrow injuries. 中文：巨石阵弓箭手。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. Stonehenge Archer.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
94. Beaker pottery /ˈbiːkə ˌpɒtəri/
Meaning: distinctive prehistoric pottery associated with Beaker-period communities. 中文：钟杯陶器。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. Beaker pottery.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
95. Bell Beaker vessel /ˈbel ˌbiːkə ˌvesəl/
Meaning: bell-shaped ceramic vessel associated with the Beaker tradition. 中文：钟形杯器。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. Bell Beaker vessel.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
96. gold hair tress /ˌɡəʊld ˈheə tres/
Meaning: small gold ornament interpreted as a hair decoration. 中文：金发饰。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. gold hair tress.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
97. prehistoric grave goods /ˌpriːhɪˈstɒrɪk ˈɡreɪv ɡʊdz/
Meaning: objects deliberately placed with a prehistoric burial. 中文：史前随葬品。
Learning use: Attach the term to a document, building detail, map or archaeological feature. prehistoric grave goods.
把这个词与文献、建筑细节、地图或考古特征连接起来。
98. flint arrowhead /ˈflɪnt ˌærəʊhed/
Meaning: projectile point shaped from flint. 中文：燧石箭头。
Learning use: Use the word to replace a vague label with a precise material or structural description. flint arrowhead.
用这个词替换笼统标签，给出精确的材料或结构描述。
99. copper knife /ˈkɒpə naɪf/
Meaning: knife made using copper rather than iron or steel. 中文：铜刀。
Learning use: Place the term in chronological order before retrieving it. copper knife.
先把这个词放到时间顺序中，再进行回忆。
100. archery wristguard /ˈɑːtʃəri ˌrɪstɡɑːd/
Meaning: protective stone or other object associated with archery equipment. 中文：射箭护腕。
Learning use: Explain how the term fits into a larger system rather than memorising it alone. archery wristguard.
解释这个词如何属于更大的系统，而不是孤立背诵。
Meaning differences worth keeping
charter text ≠ modern interpretation: the medieval document and later ideas inspired by it are not identical. henge ≠ stone circle: henge describes a type of earthwork; Stonehenge also contains stone settings. Old Sarum ≠ modern Salisbury: the cathedral and settlement moved from the hilltop to the present city. water meadow ≠ naturally flooded field: traditional water meadows used controlled irrigation channels.
A focused Salisbury practice
Choose one system: Magna Carta, clock mechanics, Stonehenge, Old Sarum or water meadows. Draw the system, label ten terms, explain five in English and Chinese, then retrieve them without looking.
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Salisbury vocabulary questions
Can I see the original Magna Carta at Salisbury Cathedral?
Yes. Salisbury Cathedral displays its original 1215 Magna Carta in the Chapter House as part of the cathedral visit.
Is a henge the same thing as a stone circle?
No. A henge is defined by its earthwork form; a stone circle is an arrangement of stones. Stonehenge combines several different kinds of features.
Why include rivers and water meadows?
Because Salisbury’s settlement and landscape are shaped by several chalk rivers, and historic water-meadow management adds a distinct environmental vocabulary.
Continue exploring the UK in English
Salisbury extends the branch through medieval law, cathedral mechanics, prehistoric construction and managed chalk-river landscapes.