Canonical title:
Civilisation Atlas Chronology | South India / Tamilakam | Deep Substrate–2026

SPECIFICATION: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.SPEC.V1.0
REGIONAL_RUNTIME: CIVATLAS.REGIONAL.RUNTIME.V3.2
ROOT_INTEGRITY_PATCH: CIVATLAS.REALITY_CONTINUUM.RUNTIME.V3.3
SPECIFICATION_STATUS: CANONICAL_WORKING_STANDARD
RELEASE_STATUS: FROZEN_VALIDATED
PARENT_CLOCK: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.WORLD.MASTER.V1.1
COVERAGE_OBJECT: 23 OF 60
CANONICAL_OBJECT_ID: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.SOUTH_INDIA_TAMILAKAM
MACHINE_ID: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.SOUTH_INDIA_TAMILAKAM.RUNTIME.V3.2
RECORD_NAMESPACE: CA.SIT
SOURCE_NAMESPACE: SIT.S
GRAPH_NAMESPACE: SIT.G
CONNECTOR_NAMESPACE: SIT.C
TRACK_NAMESPACE: SIT.T
UNCERTAINTY_NAMESPACE: SIT.U
INVARIANT_NAMESPACE: SIT.I
ARCHITECTURE_DELTA_NAMESPACE: SIT.AD
VERSION: 3.2
CUT_OFF_DATE: 29 JULY 2026
RETRIEVAL_FREEZE: 2026-07-29T19:56:15+08:00
FORMAT: UTF-8 PLAIN TEXT; DETERMINISTIC MACHINE-READABLE FIELD BLOCKS
CANONICAL_FILENAME: SOUTH_INDIA_TAMILAKAM_CHRONOLOGY_MASTER.txt
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
LICENCE_STATUS: RESEARCH SCAFFOLD; SOURCE RIGHTS REMAIN WITH CITED HOLDERS

SCAFFOLD_BINDINGS:
CIVATLAS.SCAFFOLD.001.V1.1 — UNIVERSAL CIVILISATION ATLAS SCAFFOLD
CIVATLAS.SCAFFOLD.002.V1.1 — CIVILISATION CAT SCAN
CIVATLAS.SCAFFOLD.003.V1.1 — GENOME / PRESSURE / OUROBOROS
CIVATLAS.SCAFFOLD.004.V1.1 — PORTABLE CIVILISATION / SIMULATION / FISSION
CIVATLAS.RUNTIME.003.V3.2 — REALITY CONTINUUM / INVARIANT CONVERGENCE

LATEST_ARCHITECTURE_BINDINGS:
CIVILISATION ATLAS CONTROL TOWER — orientation, crosswalk and routing
CIVATLAS AI KERNEL — transformation, dependency, flow and repair grammar
CIVILISATION MUSEUM — artefact as stored, moved and contested capability
CIVILISATION MOTION LANDSCAPE — vector, corridor, threshold and stopping debt
EDUCATION BRIDGE — capability must be teachable, reproducible and maintainable
REALITY CONTINUUM — persistent transformations joined across nested clocks
INVARIANT CONVERGENCE — recurring relationship geometries with local deltas

PRIMARY_INTERFACES:
OBJECT 20 — INDUS / NORTHWEST SOUTH ASIA
OBJECT 21 — GANGETIC / NORTH-CENTRAL SOUTH ASIA
OBJECT 22 — DECCAN / CENTRAL PENINSULAR INDIA
OBJECT 24 — SRI LANKA
OBJECT 25 — BENGAL / EASTERN SOUTH ASIA
OBJECT 26 — TIBET / HIGH ASIA
OBJECT 27 — CHINA
OBJECT 28 — KOREA
OBJECT 29 — JAPAN
OBJECTS 31–37 — SOUTHEAST-ASIAN SYSTEMS
OBJECTS 10–16 — RED SEA, ARABIA, IRAN AND CENTRAL-ASIAN INTERFACES
OBJECTS 40–43 — MEDITERRANEAN / EUROPEAN INTERFACES

READER_ROLE:
High-resolution regional longitudinal spine, evidence surface, relationship
graph, dependency map, invariant-convergence register, CAT-scan launch point
and protected input for future CivilisationOS expression analysis.

RUNTIME_VERSION_RULE:
Regional Runtime V3.2 is the machine layer. Reality Continuum V3.3 is the
inherited root-integrity patch. This release does not mislabel the region as
a nonexistent Regional Runtime V3.3.

========================================================================================
00 | V3.2 / V3.3 INHERITANCE RECEIPT

CANONICAL_INHERITANCE:
CIVATLAS.REALITY_CONTINUUM.RUNTIME.V3.3
-> active substrate; nested clocks; domain separation; root laws
CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.WORLD.MASTER.V1.1
-> universal W000–W068 synchronisation
CIVATLAS.REGIONAL.RUNTIME.V3.2
-> protected regional fields; Reality Continuum; invariant convergence
CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.SOUTH_INDIA_TAMILAKAM.RUNTIME.V3.2
-> Coverage Object 23 evidence, graph, CAT scan and repair release

V3.2 RECEIPTS:
— persistent state-transformation grammar;
— eight organs: FLOOR, BODY, FLOW, MEMORY, SENSOR, CONTROL, REPAIR, EDGE;
— six observers: SKY, STRATEGIST, GENERAL, ENGINEER, RECEIVER, NOBODY;
— genome / pressure-field / Ouroboros routing;
— invariant-convergence comparisons with local deltas;
— explicit repair verification and RepairRate >= DriftRate test;
— human challenge, correction and appeal routes;
— achieved-state control for infrastructure, policy and digital capability.

V3.3 ROOT PATCH RECEIPTS:
— DATE_STATUS split into TEMPORAL_FORM and BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY;
— RELATION_TYPE separated from ATTESTATION;
— flow split into MATERIAL_TRANSFER, ENERGY_CONVERSION, PROCESS_SUCCESSION,
FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION, INFORMATION_TRANSFER, PERSON_MOVEMENT,
CAPITAL_TRANSFER and tightly restricted AGENT_FLUX;
— LAW_SCOPE and falsifier required for comparative invariants;
— INTEGRATION_NON_IDENTITY replaces any ambiguous integration law;
— TRUE_REVERSE_HYDRA traces repair to substrates and all affected agents;
— FUNCTIONAL_PORTABILITY replaces generic portability;
— CAT dimensions defined separately from scans actually executed;
— claim-level evidence edges, V1–V5 validation, Active Substrate Receipts,
nested clocks and domain separation.

ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_DOMAINS:
MATERIAL; GEOLOGICAL; GEOGRAPHICAL; SKY_CLIMATE; WATER; BIOSPHERE;
PLANT; ANIMAL; ECOLOGY; HUMAN_AGENT; INSTITUTION; INFORMATION; MACHINE.

ROOT_LAWS:
INTEGRATION_NON_IDENTITY — integration preserves domain identities.
FUNCTIONAL_PORTABILITY — functions move only with declared dependencies.
TRUE_REVERSE_HYDRA — validation traces repair backward to substrates and
outward to every materially affected agent.
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT — geography and ecology are participants, not stage.
DOMAIN_SEPARATION — matter, energy, information, process and agency do not
share one generic flow variable.

GENOME_METAPHOR_GUARDRAIL:
“Civilisational genome” is an architecture metaphor for inherited,
recombined and reproducible capabilities. It is never biological DNA,
destiny, racial essence or proof of political title. Chronology maps
inheritance and transmission; CivilisationOS tests expression and operation;
the observed civilisation is a time-bounded phenotype under environmental
and institutional pressure.

========================================================================================
01 | OBJECT STATEMENT, SCOPE AND NON-COLLAPSE

THIS IS NOT a ladder in which Stone Age becomes megalithic, megalithic becomes
Sangam, Sangam becomes Tamil, Tamil becomes Chola and Chola becomes a modern
state.

THIS IS NOT the biography of one timeless people, race, language, caste,
religion, dynasty, coastline, “Dravidian civilisation” or sovereign territory.

THIS IS a web of persistent transformations across peninsula, Ghats, river
basins, dry zones, deltas, ports, farms, forests, workshops, inscriptions,
temples, courts, armies, households, companies, states, screens and data.

PRINCIPAL QUESTION:
How did people across southern peninsular South Asia assemble, reproduce,
lose, move and repair capability through monsoon knowledge, cattle, millets,
rice, iron, tanks, ports, poems, inscriptions, temples, guilds, courts,
factories, schools, welfare systems, migration, computation and ecological
care—and who or what paid the returned cost?

BOUNDARY:
PRIMARY TAMILAKAM: the changing early historical/literary-cultural region
evidenced across present Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Kongu, adjoining uplands and
southern peninsular coasts; no single fixed border is imposed.
BROADER SOUTH-INDIA INTERFACE: present Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
and Puducherry where later-state, ecological, political or functional
systems require them.
OWNER-FILE LIMITS: much of the Deccan remains Object 22; Sri Lanka remains
Object 24. Shared records are typed edges, never silent annexations.
MODERN: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and
Puducherry are dated legal entities only. Their borders are not projected
backward.

FOUNDATIONAL_DISTINCTIONS:
PLACE CONTINUITY != POPULATION CONTINUITY != LANGUAGE CONTINUITY
!= POLITICAL CONTINUITY != RELIGIOUS CONTINUITY
!= MEDIA CONTINUITY != FUNCTIONAL CONTINUITY.

CATEGORY_FIREWALL:
GENOME != PERSONHOOD != POPULATION != LANGUAGE != ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSEMBLAGE
!= ETHNONYM != PEOPLE != CASTE != RELIGION != POLITY != MODERN STATE.

REGIONAL_GUARDRAILS:
TAMILAKAM != TAMIL NADU != ALL SOUTH INDIA.
TAMIL != DRAVIDIAN != ONE BIOLOGICAL ANCESTRY.
CHERA / CHOLA / PANDYA names recur; name continuity is not automatic
institutional continuity.
“MEGALITHIC” = analytical material/mortuary category, never automatic ethnic
identity.
“SANGAM AGE” = historical-literary convention, not one dated event or state.
“HINDU,” “JAIN,” “BUDDHIST,” “MUSLIM,” “CHRISTIAN” and “JEWISH” name changing
fields whose internal institutions and practices require dated evidence.
Flora != Plant Kingdom. Fauna != Animal Kingdom.

CORE_NEGATIONS:
UNKNOWN != NONE.
NOT_ATTESTED != DID_NOT_EXIST.
REACHABLE != INTERACTED.
COMPARED != INFLUENCED.
SHARED MATERIAL != SHARED SOVEREIGNTY.
ANCESTRY != LANGUAGE, CASTE, RELIGION OR NATION.
PORT != COLONY.
RAID != CONQUEST != SETTLEMENT != ENDURING RULE.
TEXTUAL NAME != ARCHAEOLOGICAL IDENTITY.
MONUMENT != WHOLE SOCIETY.
STATE AVERAGE != UNIVERSAL ACCESS.
OFFICIAL PLAN != OPERATING CAPABILITY.
CURRENT != PERMANENT.

HERITAGE_RIGHTS_STACK:
ORIGIN != TITLE != OWNERSHIP != CUSTODY != RESEARCH_AUTHORITY
!= RITUAL_AUTHORITY != INTERPRETIVE_AUTHORITY != PUBLIC_ACCESS
!= DESCENDANT_OR_COMMUNITY_CONSENT.

THE_NOBODY_LENS:
Every high-capability claim is testable from farmers, fishers, salt workers,
divers, herders, miners, furnace workers, weavers, dancers, carriers, cooks,
cleaners, carers, craft learners, soldiers, bonded labourers, migrants,
displaced people, anonymous excavators and receiving ecologies suppressed by
elite archives.

========================================================================================
02 | NESTED CLOCKS, REALITY CONTINUUM AND EVIDENCE

SIX_INDEPENDENT_REGIONAL_CLOCKS:

PENINSULAR ECOLOGY / SUBSTRATE — plate, Ghats, monsoon, rivers, forests,
soils, coasts, sea level, animals and hazard.
OCCUPATION / POPULATION — sites, persons, mobility, mixture and settlement.
FOOD PRODUCTION / IRON / MEGALITHIC — cattle, crops, fire, metal, craft
and mortuary practices.
LANGUAGE / INSCRIPTION / LITERATURE — speech communities, scripts, poems,
compilation, manuscripts, printing and digital media.
POLITY / TEMPLE / LAND CONTROL — chiefs, dynasties, assemblies, courts,
grants, revenue, companies, constitutional states and parties.
OCEANIC EXCHANGE — ports, sailors, winds, goods, religions, war, labour,
remittance, cables and data.

These clocks interact. None automatically inherits another.

REALITY_CONTINUUM_GRAMMAR:
INHERITED CONDITIONS
-> PRESSURE / OPPORTUNITY
-> ACTION / PROCESS
-> OUTPUT
-> CAPABILITY
-> NEW DEPENDENCY
-> NEXT POSSIBILITY
-> RETURNED CONSEQUENCE.

ARCHIVE_SURFACE:
VISIBLE RECORD = past activity × preservation × discovery × access × method
× publication × political survival.

Tropical soils, estuaries, submergence, rebuilding, tank silt, metal reuse,
manuscript loss and unequal excavation reshape visibility. A rich burial is
not a census. A poem is not a tax roll. A temple inscription selects donors,
officers and transactions. A colonial census creates legible categories.
A state press release records a claim state, not automatic achieved capacity.

EVIDENCE_CLASSES:
GEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOBOTANICAL;
ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; BIOANTHROPOLOGICAL; GENETIC; EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC;
TEXTUAL; ORAL; ART_HISTORICAL; LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; ECONOMIC;
TESTIMONIAL; PHOTOGRAPHIC; SATELLITE; DIGITAL; MULTI_SOURCE.

CLAIM_STATUS:
OBSERVED; MEASURED; DOCUMENTED; SYNTHESISED; MODELLED; INFERRED; ATTRIBUTED;
CONTESTED; PRELIMINARY; FUTURE_AT_CUTOFF; UNKNOWN.

PUBLICATION_CLOCK_RULE:
A 2025 report about a third-millennium-BCE context receives two records where
needed: an ancient subject record and a modern evidence-history record.
Publication does not move the ancient event into 2025.

========================================================================================
03 | PROTECTED RECORD CONTRACT

FIELD_ORDER_IS_IMMUTABLE:
ENTITY -> ENTITY_TYPE -> EVENT -> TEMPORAL_FORM -> BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY
-> WORLD_BANDS -> TIME_ZOOM -> ENTITY_ZOOM -> FUNCTION -> HOST -> CARRIER
-> FLOW -> DEPENDENCY -> LINEAGE -> RELATION -> CONTROL_GEOMETRY
-> BASEFLOOR_EFFECT -> CAPABILITY -> LIFECYCLE
-> MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE -> CAPABILITY_REACH -> SURVIVABLE_RANGE
-> WORLD_DISTRIBUTION -> DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE -> MOTION -> EVIDENCE
-> CLAIM_STATUS -> UNCERTAINTY -> SOURCE_KEYS -> GRAPH_SEEDS.

AGENT_FLUX is used only for genuine agentic systems. Monsoon, river, sediment,
fire, drought, forest, crop and tectonic processes never receive fictive agency.

MOTIVE, FUNCTION, USE and PURPOSE remain separate. When motive is unattested it
stays UNKNOWN even where physical function or later use is secure.

COERCION_TYPES:
WARFARE; FORCED_MOVEMENT; CAPTIVITY; ENSLAVEMENT; BONDED_LABOUR; TAXATION;
POLICING; LAND_AND_WATER_REALLOCATION; DEVELOPMENT_DISPLACEMENT;
MARTIAL_LAW; SURVEILLANCE; STRUCTURAL_DEPENDENCY.

THREE_INDEPENDENT_AXES:
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0; STAGES_1–8.
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION; TAKEOFF; CLIMB; CONSOLIDATION; CRUISE; STAGNATION;
DRIFT; DESCENT; FRACTURE; REPAIR; RELAUNCH.
HABITAT_INDEPENDENCE: DIRECT_SUBSTRATE; LOCAL_BUFFER; MULTI_HOST;
PARTIAL_SYNTHETIC; no false claim of full independence.

REACH_SURVIVAL_DISTRIBUTION_CLOSURE:
CR0–CR5 capability reach; SR0–SR7 survivable range; WD0–WD4 world
distribution; DC0–DC5 dependency closure; P0–P6 functional portability.
No axis is inferred from another.

========================================================================================
04 | WORLD CLOCK AND ACTIVE-SUBSTRATE RECEIPTS

The parent World Master ends W068 on 28 July 2026. Object 23 preserves W068 and
declares a one-day live-tail overlay through its exact retrieval freeze on
29 July 2026. The next parent release carries reconciliation debt.

W000 | 4.54–4.0 Ga | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W001 | 4.0–2.5 Ga | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W002 | 2.5 Ga–541 Ma | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W003 | 541–66 Ma | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W004 | 66–7 Ma | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W005 | 7–3.3 Ma | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W006 | 3.3–2.6 Ma | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W007 | 2.6–1.8 Ma | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W008 | 1.8 Ma–800 ka | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W009 | 800–300 ka | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W010 | 300–130 ka | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W011 | 130–70 ka | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W012 | 70–50 ka | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W013 | 50–20 ka | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W014 | 20–11.7 ka | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W015 | 9700–8000 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W016 | 8000–6000 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W017 | 6000–5000 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W018 | 5000–4000 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W019 | 4000–3500 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W020 | 3500–3000 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W021 | 3000–2500 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W022 | 2500–2000 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W023 | 2000–1500 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W024 | 1500–1200 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W025 | 1200–1000 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W026 | 1000–800 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W027 | 800–600 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W028 | 600–500 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W029 | 500–300 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W030 | 300–100 BCE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W031 | 100 BCE–1 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W032 | 1–200 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W033 | 200–400 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W034 | 400–600 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W035 | 600–800 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W036 | 800–1000 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W037 | 1000–1200 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W038 | 1200–1300 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W039 | 1300–1400 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W040 | 1400–1500 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W041 | 1500–1600 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W042 | 1600–1700 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W043 | 1700–1750 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W044 | 1750–1800 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W045 | 1800–1850 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W046 | 1850–1870 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W047 | 1870–1900 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W048 | 1900–1914 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W049 | 1914–1918 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W050 | 1918–1929 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W051 | 1929–1939 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W052 | 1939–1945 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W053 | 1945–1950 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W054 | 1950–1960 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W055 | 1960–1970 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W056 | 1970–1980 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W057 | 1980–1990 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W058 | 1990–2000 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W059 | 2000–2008 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W060 | 2008–2014 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W061 | 2014–2019 CE | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W062 | 2020 | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W063 | 2021 | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W064 | 2022 | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W065 | 2023 | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W066 | 2024 | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W067 | 2025 | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced
W068 | 1 January–28 July 2026 parent band; Object-23 live-tail to 29 July 2026 | ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPT | material/geology/geography/sky/water/biosphere/ecology received; human, institutional, information and machine layers only where evidenced

========================================================================================
05 | REGIONAL SYSTEM-TRACK REGISTRY

SIT.T001 | peninsular plate and cratonic substrate | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T002 | Western Ghats orographic barrier | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T003 | monsoon variability | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T004 | northeast-monsoon rainfall | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T005 | rivers and seasonal discharge | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T006 | wetlands, estuaries and lagoons | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T007 | shoreline and sea-level change | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T008 | soil, laterite and black-earth systems | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T009 | forests, shola-grassland and biodiversity | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T010 | wild fauna and multispecies relations | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T011 | forager mobility | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T012 | lithic technology | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T013 | cattle keeping | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T014 | millets, pulses and dry farming | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T015 | rice cultivation | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T016 | fishing and salt production | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T017 | ash-mound aggregation | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T018 | iron production | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T019 | steel and metal craft | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T020 | megalithic mortuary practice | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T021 | ceramics and exchange | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T022 | bead and gemstone craft | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T023 | textiles and dyes | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T024 | Tamil-Brahmi and epigraphy | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T025 | Tamil literary transmission | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T026 | Kannada literary transmission | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T027 | Telugu literary transmission | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T028 | Malayalam literary transmission | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T029 | Sanskrit and Prakrit knowledge networks | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T030 | oral and performance memory | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T031 | ports and maritime navigation | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T032 | port–hinterland exchange | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T033 | guild and merchant diaspora | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T034 | coinage, credit and finance | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T035 | roads, passes and pack transport | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T036 | river and canal transport | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T037 | tanks, wells and irrigation | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T038 | agrarian settlement | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T039 | land grants and revenue | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T040 | local assemblies | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T041 | temple institutions | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T042 | Jain institutions | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T043 | Buddhist institutions | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T044 | Christian institutions | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T045 | Jewish institutions | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T046 | Islamic institutions | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T047 | plural religious translation | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T048 | court and military labour | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T049 | fortification and artillery | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T050 | naval capability | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T051 | imperial integration and fission | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T052 | caste ordering and anti-caste repair | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T053 | gender, family and care | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T054 | slavery, bondage and coerced labour | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T055 | migration and diaspora | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T056 | plantations and cash crops | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T057 | forest control and Indigenous rights | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T058 | colonial corporate sovereignty | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T059 | rail, port and telegraph | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T060 | famine, food security and relief | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T061 | printing and public sphere | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T062 | mass education | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T063 | language politics | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T064 | electoral and party systems | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T065 | welfare distribution | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T066 | land reform | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T067 | reservations and social justice | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T068 | cinema, broadcast and popular politics | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T069 | public health | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T070 | industrial manufacturing | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T071 | energy and dams | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T072 | interstate river allocation | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T073 | Gulf migration and remittances | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T074 | information technology | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T075 | space and scientific institutions | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T076 | digital public infrastructure | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T077 | AI and compute infrastructure | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T078 | urbanisation and housing | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T079 | groundwater and water security | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T080 | coastal hazard and disaster response | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T081 | flood, heat and landslide risk | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T082 | heritage custody and archaeology | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T083 | research authority and evidence politics | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T084 | tourism and living heritage | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T085 | ecological repair | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T086 | maintenance debt | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T087 | BaseFloor access | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T088 | Nobody-lens receipts | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T089 | capability reproduction | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T090 | functional portability | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T091 | state formation and boundary change | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T092 | federal interfaces | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T093 | Sri Lanka interface | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T094 | Deccan interface | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T095 | Southeast Asia interface | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface
SIT.T096 | Red Sea–Mediterranean interface | STATUS=REGISTERED | independent lifecycle, carrier, dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair surface

========================================================================================
06 | GRAPH-SEED REGISTRY

========================================================================================
07 | CROSS-OBJECT CONNECTOR REGISTER

SIT.C001 | TARGET=INDUS / NORTHWEST SOUTH ASIA
ROUTE: crops, craft and long-distance comparison
RELATION_TYPE: COMPARATIVE_AND_EXCHANGE
ATTESTATION_RULE: archaeobotany, material analysis and dated routes; similarity alone is not transfer
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C002 | TARGET=GANGETIC / NORTH-CENTRAL SOUTH ASIA
ROUTE: Mauryan epigraphy, monastic networks, states and later imperial circuits
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_PERSON_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: inscriptions, texts, routes and institutions
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C003 | TARGET=DECCAN / CENTRAL PENINSULAR INDIA
ROUTE: Neolithic, Satavahana, Chalukya, Rashtrakuta, Kakatiya, Bahmani and Hyderabad interfaces
RELATION_TYPE: SHARED_ZONE_AND_POLITICAL_INTERFACE
ATTESTATION_RULE: typed shared ownership; Object 22 retains its own primary clock
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C004 | TARGET=SRI LANKA
ROUTE: Palk Strait, Gulf of Mannar, migration, trade, war, religion and language
RELATION_TYPE: BIDIRECTIONAL_MARITIME_INTERFACE
ATTESTATION_RULE: Object 24 remains independent; raid, conquest, settlement and kinship are not one relation
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C005 | TARGET=ARABIA / PERSIAN GULF
ROUTE: monsoon navigation, horses, pepper, merchants, religions and credit
RELATION_TYPE: MATERIAL_INFORMATION_PERSON_CAPITAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: port archaeology, inscriptions, documents and travel texts
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C006 | TARGET=RED SEA / EGYPT / MEDITERRANEAN
ROUTE: pepper, textiles, beads, coin, amphorae and travellers
RELATION_TYPE: MARITIME_EXCHANGE
ATTESTATION_RULE: Periplus, papyri, archaeology and inscriptions; Roman objects do not make Roman colonies
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C007 | TARGET=EAST AFRICA
ROUTE: oceanic mobility, goods, people and later imperial labour
RELATION_TYPE: MARITIME_EXCHANGE_AND_PERSON_MOVEMENT
ATTESTATION_RULE: routes require dated attestation
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C008 | TARGET=SOUTHEAST ASIA
ROUTE: scripts, ritual forms, trade, merchants and the 1025 Chola raid
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_MATERIAL_AND_MILITARY_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: influence and colonisation remain separate
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C009 | TARGET=CHINA / EAST ASIA
ROUTE: Buddhist travel, ceramics, trade and modern industry
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_MATERIAL_AND_CAPITAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: port and textual evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C010 | TARGET=TIBET / HIMALAYA
ROUTE: monastic and philosophical knowledge routes
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_AND_PERSON_MOVEMENT
ATTESTATION_RULE: lineage claims require text-specific evidence
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C011 | TARGET=IRANIAN PLATEAU / PERSIANATE WORLD
ROUTE: horses, court culture, military labour, Sufism and Deccan state systems
RELATION_TYPE: PERSON_INFORMATION_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: Persianate is not an ethnic totalisation
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C012 | TARGET=EURASIAN STEPPE
ROUTE: horse and military chains through intermediaries
RELATION_TYPE: MATERIAL_PERSON_AND_PROCESS_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: reach does not prove direct encounter
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C013 | TARGET=PORTUGUESE IMPERIAL NETWORK
ROUTE: forts, cartazes, missions, crops, war and commerce
RELATION_TYPE: COERCIVE_AND_COMMERCIAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: corporate and crown sovereignty remain evidence-bounded
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C014 | TARGET=DUTCH IMPERIAL NETWORK
ROUTE: VOC trade, forts and coastal competition
RELATION_TYPE: CAPITAL_MATERIAL_AND_COERCIVE_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: factory presence is not territorial ownership
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C015 | TARGET=DANISH IMPERIAL NETWORK
ROUTE: Tranquebar trade, mission and printing
RELATION_TYPE: INSTITUTIONAL_INFORMATION_AND_CAPITAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: small territorial footprint can carry high media effects
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C016 | TARGET=FRENCH IMPERIAL NETWORK
ROUTE: Puducherry, war, trade and post-1947 decolonisation
RELATION_TYPE: CAPITAL_COERCIVE_AND_LEGAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: formal transfer and de facto transfer retain separate dates
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C017 | TARGET=BRITISH IMPERIAL NETWORK
ROUTE: Company-state, Presidency, rail, law, plantations and extraction
RELATION_TYPE: COERCIVE_INSTITUTIONAL_MATERIAL_AND_CAPITAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: administrative reach does not equal equal capability
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C018 | TARGET=INDIAN FEDERAL SYSTEM
ROUTE: state reorganisation, finance, courts, elections and interstate water
RELATION_TYPE: LEGAL_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_INTERFACE
ATTESTATION_RULE: constitutional title, effective control and lived access remain distinct
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C019 | TARGET=GULF MIGRATION SYSTEM
ROUTE: workers, households, remittances and return migration
RELATION_TYPE: PERSON_AND_CAPITAL_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: remittance gain retains labour and care costs
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C020 | TARGET=GLOBAL DIGITAL ECONOMY
ROUTE: software, platforms, chips, data, AI and capital
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_CAPITAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
ATTESTATION_RULE: announcement is not operation; access is not possession
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C021 | TARGET=GLOBAL CLIMATE SYSTEM
ROUTE: monsoon, ocean heat, sea level and extremes
RELATION_TYPE: ENERGY_CONVERSION_AND_PROCESS_SUCCESSION
ATTESTATION_RULE: non-agentic physical processes never use AGENT_FLUX
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C022 | TARGET=GLOBAL HERITAGE SYSTEM
ROUTE: UNESCO, museums, tourism and conservation
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_CAPITAL_AND_CUSTODY_INTERFACE
ATTESTATION_RULE: recognition is not ownership or ritual authority
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C023 | TARGET=WORLD ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE SYSTEM
ROUTE: excavation, dating, publication, review and contest
RELATION_TYPE: INFORMATION_AND_MATERIAL_CUSTODY_TRANSFER
ATTESTATION_RULE: evidence history is dated separately from ancient subject time
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.
SIT.C024 | TARGET=WORLD MASTER W000–W068
ROUTE: synchronisation and cross-sectional comparison
RELATION_TYPE: TEMPORAL_CROSSWALK
ATTESTATION_RULE: shared time does not prove interaction
NON_COLLAPSE: route reach does not prove use; exchange does not prove identity,
sovereignty or unbroken continuity.

========================================================================================
08 | IMMUTABLE CHRONOLOGICAL RECORDS

ORDER: evidence-spine order. Evidence-history records retain subject time and
explicitly name modern publication, custody or review time.

LOCAL_SERIES_INVENTORY:
SUBSTRATE: 12
PLEISTOCENE: 10
NEOLITHIC: 14
IRON_MEGALITHIC: 19
EARLY_HISTORIC: 35
EARLY_MEDIEVAL: 25
CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL: 24
VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN: 32
COLONIAL: 18
REFORM_NATIONAL: 25
POST_1947: 38
LIVE_TAIL: 19

CA.SIT.000001 | [SUBSTRATE-001] 4.54–4.0 Ga | PLANETARY MATERIAL INHERITANCE
ENTITY: Earth and constituent material
ENTITY_TYPE: PLANETARY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Planetary accretion and differentiation create the material inheritance later carried by the Indian plate. This is geological history, not a civilisational or national origin.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W000
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: PLANETARY_SYSTEM::PLANETARY_MATERIAL_INHERITANCE
HOST: Earth; later South Indian substrate
CARRIER: people, practices, materials, institutions and information named in the record
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=GEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: NOT_APPLICABLE
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: GEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_MODELLED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S111
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G001

CA.SIT.000002 | [SUBSTRATE-002] Archaean to Proterozoic, principally c.3.4–2.5 Ga | DHARWAR CRATONIC FLOOR
ENTITY: Dharwar Craton and adjoining shield rocks
ENTITY_TYPE: GEOLOGICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Ancient continental crust, greenstone belts and mineral-bearing formations create a durable peninsular floor later transformed by erosion, water and extraction.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W001–W002
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: GEOLOGICAL_SYSTEM::DHARWAR_CRATONIC_FLOOR
HOST: Karnataka and adjoining peninsular shield
CARRIER: people, practices, materials, institutions and information named in the record
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=GEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: NOT_APPLICABLE
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: GEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: OBSERVED_OR_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S111
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G001

CA.SIT.000003 | [SUBSTRATE-003] Archaean–Proterozoic | SOUTHERN GRANULITE TERRAIN
ENTITY: Southern Granulite Terrain
ENTITY_TYPE: GEOLOGICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: High-grade metamorphic terrains underlie much of far southern India, shaping later hills, soils, stone resources, aquifers and engineering constraints without determining culture.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W001–W002
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: GEOLOGICAL_SYSTEM::SOUTHERN_GRANULITE_TERRAIN
HOST: Tamil Nadu–Kerala–Karnataka southern shield
CARRIER: people, practices, materials, institutions and information named in the record
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=GEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: NOT_APPLICABLE
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: GEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: OBSERVED_OR_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S111
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G002

CA.SIT.000004 | [SUBSTRATE-004] c.130–88 Ma | GONDWANA RIFT AND PLATE MOTION
ENTITY: Indian plate and rifted margins
ENTITY_TYPE: TECTONIC_SYSTEM
EVENT: Rifting separates the Indian plate from Gondwanan neighbours and opens oceanic margins. Later coastlines inherit this process but no human corridor yet exists.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W003
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: TECTONIC_SYSTEM::GONDWANA_RIFT_AND_PLATE_MOTION
HOST: Indian plate and Indian Ocean margins
CARRIER: people, practices, materials, institutions and information named in the record
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=GEOLOGICAL; GEOPHYSICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: NOT_APPLICABLE
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: GEOLOGICAL; GEOPHYSICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: OBSERVED_OR_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S111
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G002,SIT.G013,SIT.G014

CA.SIT.000005 | [SUBSTRATE-005] c.66 Ma | DECCAN VOLCANIC TRANSFORMATION
ENTITY: Deccan volcanic province and Earth systems
ENTITY_TYPE: GEOLOGICAL_EVENT
EVENT: Large igneous eruptions transform atmosphere, biosphere and peninsular geology near the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary. Causal contribution to mass extinction is modelled with other processes.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W003–W004
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z0_SUBSTRATE
FUNCTION: GEOLOGICAL_EVENT::DECCAN_VOLCANIC_TRANSFORMATION
HOST: Deccan and planetary atmosphere-biosphere
CARRIER: people, practices, materials, institutions and information named in the record
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=GEOLOGICAL; GEOCHEMICAL; MODELLED; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: NOT_APPLICABLE
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: GEOLOGICAL; GEOCHEMICAL; MODELLED
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_MODELLED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; eruption chronology is measured, extinction mechanisms remain multi-causal.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S111
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G003

CA.SIT.000006 | [SUBSTRATE-006] Cenozoic, principally after c.50 Ma | PENINSULAR ESCARPMENT AND GHATS REWORKING
ENTITY: Western and Eastern Ghats landscapes
ENTITY_TYPE: GEOMORPHOLOGICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Uplift, denudation, fault inheritance and river incision rework peninsular relief, forming strong rainfall, biodiversity and mobility gradients.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W004
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME0_PLANETARY
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: GEOMORPHOLOGICAL_SYSTEM::PENINSULAR_ESCARPMENT_AND_GHATS_REWORKING
HOST: Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and peninsular plateau
CARRIER: people, practices, materials, institutions and information named in the record
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=GEOLOGICAL; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: NOT_APPLICABLE
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: GEOLOGICAL; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: OBSERVED_OR_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S111
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G005,SIT.G006

CA.SIT.000007 | [SUBSTRATE-007] Cenozoic to present | RIVER-BASIN ARCHITECTURE
ENTITY: Kaveri, Vaigai, Tamiraparani, Periyar, Krishna–Tungabhadra and Godavari systems
ENTITY_TYPE: WATER_SYSTEM
EVENT: Seasonal rivers, deltas, floodplains and upland catchments carry water, sediment, fish, fertility and hazard. Later dams and boundaries alter but do not replace basin physics.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W004–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME1_DEEP
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: WATER_SYSTEM::RIVER_BASIN_ARCHITECTURE
HOST: Southern peninsular river basins
CARRIER: water, sediment, nutrients and aquatic life
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=GEOLOGICAL; HYDROLOGICAL; SATELLITE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: GEOLOGICAL; HYDROLOGICAL; SATELLITE
CLAIM_STATUS: OBSERVED_OR_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S010,SIT.S011
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G007,SIT.G008,SIT.G009,SIT.G010,SIT.G011,SIT.G012

CA.SIT.000008 | [SUBSTRATE-008] Miocene to present | MONSOON AND OROGRAPHIC FIELD
ENTITY: Indian Ocean–atmosphere–Ghats climate system
ENTITY_TYPE: SKY_CLIMATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Southwest and northeast monsoon regimes interact with topography and ocean conditions, producing sharp wet–dry contrasts and year-to-year variability rather than one uniform southern climate.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W004–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME1_DEEP
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: SKY_CLIMATE_SYSTEM::MONSOON_AND_OROGRAPHIC_FIELD
HOST: Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and southern peninsula
CARRIER: moisture, heat and atmospheric circulation
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=PALEOCLIMATE; METEOROLOGICAL; MODELLED; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: PALEOCLIMATE; METEOROLOGICAL; MODELLED
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_MODELLED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S011,SIT.S084
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G013,SIT.G014

CA.SIT.000009 | [SUBSTRATE-009] Quaternary, c.2.6 Ma to present | SEA-LEVEL AND SHORELINE MOBILITY
ENTITY: Coromandel, Malabar, Gulf of Mannar and Palk Strait shore systems
ENTITY_TYPE: COASTAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Glacial sea-level cycles, sediment, storms and currents repeatedly move shorelines, drowning some occupation surfaces and creating new lagoons, deltas and port possibilities.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W007–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME1_DEEP
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: COASTAL_SYSTEM::SEA_LEVEL_AND_SHORELINE_MOBILITY
HOST: Southern peninsular coasts and continental shelf
CARRIER: water, sediment, energy and biota
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=GEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; MARINE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: GEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; MARINE
CLAIM_STATUS: OBSERVED_OR_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S010,SIT.S011
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G013,SIT.G014,SIT.G015,SIT.G016

CA.SIT.000010 | [SUBSTRATE-010] Late Pleistocene–present | FOREST–GRASSLAND–DRYLAND MOSAICS
ENTITY: Western Ghats rainforests, shola-grasslands, scrub, dry forests and savannas
ENTITY_TYPE: ECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Climate, fire, herbivory and human land use continually recompose habitat mosaics. Forest is not a timeless closed state, and plantation is not ecological equivalence.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W010–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME1_DEEP
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: ECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM::FOREST_GRASSLAND_DRYLAND_MOSAICS
HOST: Western Ghats, uplands and rain-shadow interiors
CARRIER: people, practices, materials, institutions and information named in the record
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; ECOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; ECOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: OBSERVED_OR_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S010,SIT.S095
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G006,SIT.G087

CA.SIT.000011 | [SUBSTRATE-011] Holocene to present | COASTAL AND MARINE BASEFLOOR
ENTITY: Estuaries, reefs, seagrass, mangroves, fisheries and salt landscapes
ENTITY_TYPE: MULTISPECIES_BASEFLOOR
EVENT: Marine and estuarine ecologies support food, transport and livelihoods while receiving pollution, dredging, trawling, shoreline engineering and warming costs.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W015–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: MULTISPECIES_BASEFLOOR::COASTAL_AND_MARINE_BASEFLOOR
HOST: Malabar and Coromandel coasts, Gulf of Mannar and Palk Strait
CARRIER: fish, shell, salt, water, boats and ecological knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ECOLOGICAL; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1
LIFECYCLE: REPRODUCTION_UNDER_PRESSURE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ECOLOGICAL; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: OBSERVED_OR_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S011,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G013,SIT.G014,SIT.G015,SIT.G016

CA.SIT.000012 | [SUBSTRATE-012] All periods | OBJECT-23 ARCHIVE SURFACE
ENTITY: Preservation, survey, excavation, text, archive and publication systems
ENTITY_TYPE: EVIDENCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Acidic soils, humid climate, metal reuse, submerged coasts, rebuilding, manuscript fragility and unequal research attention make visibility highly selective. Absence of record is not proof of absence.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W000–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME_ALL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_EVIDENCE
FUNCTION: EVIDENCE_SYSTEM::OBJECT_23_ARCHIVE_SURFACE
HOST: South India / Tamilakam evidence field
CARRIER: sites, objects, bodies, inscriptions, texts, oral memory, datasets and interpretations
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=MULTI_SOURCE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: EVIDENCE_CAPABILITY
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: MULTI_SOURCE
CLAIM_STATUS: AUDITED_METHOD
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A as method; each local archive filter remains separately testable.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S003,SIT.S006,SIT.S019,SIT.S097
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000013 | [PLEISTOCENE-001] c.1.5 Ma | ATTIRAMPAKKAM EARLY ACHEULEAN
ENTITY: Unidentified Acheulean tool-making hominins
ENTITY_TYPE: OCCUPATION_AND_TECHNOLOGY
EVENT: Excavated Acheulean artefacts and cosmogenic burial dating demonstrate very early hominin activity in the Kortallayar basin. Species, language and direct descendant population are unknown.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W008
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME1_DEEP
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: OCCUPATION_AND_TECHNOLOGY::ATTIRAMPAKKAM_EARLY_ACHEULEAN
HOST: Attirampakkam, Kortallayar basin, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: stone-tool knowledge and mobile hominins
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GEOCHRONOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: OCCUPATION_EPISODE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GEOCHRONOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B for early Pleistocene age; maker identity unknown. SIT.U004.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S012
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G017

CA.SIT.000014 | [PLEISTOCENE-002] c.385–172 ka | ATTIRAMPAKKAM MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC SEQUENCE
ENTITY: Middle Palaeolithic tool-making populations
ENTITY_TYPE: TECHNOLOGICAL_SEQUENCE
EVENT: A long stratified sequence records a shift away from Acheulean large-cutting-tool traditions by about 385 ± 64 ka. Technical change does not by itself identify a migrant population.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W009–W010
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME1_DEEP
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: TECHNOLOGICAL_SEQUENCE::ATTIRAMPAKKAM_MIDDLE_PALAEOLITHIC_SEQUENCE
HOST: Attirampakkam, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: stone tools, knapping skill and learners
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; LUMINESCENCE_DATING; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: TECHNOLOGICAL_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; LUMINESCENCE_DATING
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; population attribution and regional spread remain open. SIT.U004.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S013
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G017

CA.SIT.000015 | [PLEISTOCENE-003] c.300–130 ka | PENINSULAR MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC MOSAIC
ENTITY: Mobile tool-making populations
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_FIELD
EVENT: Open-air sites across peninsular landscapes preserve variable prepared-core and flake technologies. Shared analytical labels do not demonstrate one population, language or synchronised transition.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W010
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME1_DEEP
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_FIELD::PENINSULAR_MIDDLE_PALAEOLITHIC_MOSAIC
HOST: Southern and central peninsular India
CARRIER: people, practices, materials, institutions and information named in the record
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GEOCHRONOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GEOCHRONOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; site chronologies and preservation are uneven. SIT.U005.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S013
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G017,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000016 | [PLEISTOCENE-004] c.74 ka | TOBA-AGE PENINSULAR INTERFACE
ENTITY: Tool-making populations and Youngest Toba Tuff evidence
ENTITY_TYPE: HAZARD_AND_EVIDENCE_EVENT
EVENT: Toba ash and archaeological sequences elsewhere in the peninsula test claims of catastrophic depopulation. Object 23 receives the climate/evidence interface without claiming uninterrupted local ancestry.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W011
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME1_DEEP
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: HAZARD_AND_EVIDENCE_EVENT::TOBA_AGE_PENINSULAR_INTERFACE
HOST: Peninsular South Asia; strongest cited sequences outside Object-23 core
CARRIER: ash, people and stone technologies
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=GEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: GEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B for tephra-event relation; local demographic effects remain site-specific. SIT.U005.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G003,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000017 | [PLEISTOCENE-005] principally c.65–40 ka | HOMO SAPIENS DISPERSAL FIELD
ENTITY: Homo sapiens populations
ENTITY_TYPE: POPULATION_HISTORY
EVENT: Archaeological and genetic models place major modern-human dispersals through South Asia, followed by movement and mixture. No single route, coastal wave or linguistic identity is established for Object 23.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INFERRED
WORLD_BANDS: W012–W013
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME1_DEEP
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: POPULATION_HISTORY::HOMO_SAPIENS_DISPERSAL_FIELD
HOST: Southern peninsula and Indian Ocean-facing corridors
CARRIER: persons, learned practices and ancestry
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=GENETIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; MODELLED; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PERSON_MOVEMENT
EVIDENCE: GENETIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; MODELLED
CLAIM_STATUS: MODELLED_CONVERGENCE
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B/C for route detail; ancestry is not language or polity. SIT.U005; SIT.U040.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G013,SIT.G014,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000018 | [PLEISTOCENE-006] c.50–20 ka | LATE PALAEOLITHIC ADAPTATION
ENTITY: Foraging communities
ENTITY_TYPE: SOCIOECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Stone-tool, plant, animal, fire, water and seasonal-route knowledge support life across dry interiors, uplands and coasts. Perishable technologies and social institutions are under-preserved.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W013
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME1_DEEP
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: SOCIOECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM::LATE_PALAEOLITHIC_ADAPTATION
HOST: Southern peninsular landscapes
CARRIER: people, tools, fire, food and ecological knowledge
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; preservation strongly filters organic technology. SIT.U003.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G005,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000019 | [PLEISTOCENE-007] c.20–11.7 ka | MICROLITHIC AND MOBILE KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
ENTITY: Late Pleistocene forager communities
ENTITY_TYPE: TECHNOLOGICAL_AND_MOBILITY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Small stone tools occur within diverse mobile strategies. Microliths are technological evidence, not a named people or proof of one subsistence mode.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W014
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME1_DEEP
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: TECHNOLOGICAL_AND_MOBILITY_SYSTEM::MICROLITHIC_AND_MOBILE_KNOWLEDGE_SYSTEMS
HOST: Southern plateau, Ghats and coastal corridors
CARRIER: stone inserts, composite-tool skill and people
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; chronology and function vary by assemblage. SIT.U002.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G005,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000020 | [PLEISTOCENE-008] Late Pleistocene–early Holocene | DROWNED COASTAL ARCHIVE
ENTITY: Coastal foragers and now-submerged landscapes
ENTITY_TYPE: INFERRED_EVIDENCE_FIELD
EVENT: Lower sea levels exposed wider coastal plains; Holocene rise submerged many potential occupation surfaces. Coastal use is plausible and partly evidenced, but missing sites cannot be filled with invented certainty.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INFERRED
WORLD_BANDS: W013–W016
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME1_DEEP
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: INFERRED_EVIDENCE_FIELD::DROWNED_COASTAL_ARCHIVE
HOST: Malabar, Coromandel, Gulf of Mannar and Palk shelf
CARRIER: people, marine food, boats or shoreline routes where evidenced
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=GEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PERSON_MOVEMENT
EVIDENCE: GEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: INFERRED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence C for unsampled occupation density. SIT.U003.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S010,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G013,SIT.G014,SIT.G015,SIT.G016

CA.SIT.000021 | [PLEISTOCENE-009] c.9700–6000 BCE | EARLY HOLOCENE ECOLOGICAL RECOMPOSITION
ENTITY: Foraging communities and changing ecosystems
ENTITY_TYPE: SOCIOECOLOGICAL_TRANSITION
EVENT: Warming, monsoon change and sea-level rise reorganise forests, rivers, coasts and prey. Communities adjust mobility, plant use, fishing and aggregation without a universal switch to farming.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W015–W016
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: SOCIOECOLOGICAL_TRANSITION::EARLY_HOLOCENE_ECOLOGICAL_RECOMPOSITION
HOST: Southern peninsula
CARRIER: people, plants, animals, water and knowledge
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S011
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G013,SIT.G014

CA.SIT.000022 | [PLEISTOCENE-010] Holocene to present | FORAGER CONTINUITY AND TRANSFORMATION
ENTITY: Diverse forest, hill, dryland and coastal communities
ENTITY_TYPE: LIVING_SOCIOECOLOGICAL_FIELD
EVENT: Foraging knowledge persists, combines with cultivation, wage work and market exchange, and is repeatedly constrained by land, forest and conservation regimes. It is not a fossil survival stage.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W015–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_COMMUNITY
FUNCTION: LIVING_SOCIOECOLOGICAL_FIELD::FORAGER_CONTINUITY_AND_TRANSFORMATION
HOST: Ghats, forests, drylands and coasts
CARRIER: people, oral knowledge, tools and access relations
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ETHNOHISTORICAL; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_TO_MODERN_MIXED
LIFECYCLE: CONTINUITY_WITH_HOST_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ETHNOHISTORICAL; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; living communities retain authority over identity and knowledge. SIT.U002; SIT.U036.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S063
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G087

CA.SIT.000023 | [NEOLITHIC-001] before c.3000 BCE; locally variable | PLANT MANAGEMENT BEFORE FULL FARMING
ENTITY: Foraging and plant-managing communities
ENTITY_TYPE: SUBSISTENCE_PROCESS
EVENT: Repeated plant use, burning, tending and seasonal return may precede archaeologically visible cultivation. Wild use, management, cultivation and domestication remain separate claim levels.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INFERRED
WORLD_BANDS: W017–W020
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: SUBSISTENCE_PROCESS::PLANT_MANAGEMENT_BEFORE_FULL_FARMING
HOST: Southern peninsular landscapes
CARRIER: plants, people and ecological knowledge
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: INFERRED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence C at specific unsampled places; category boundaries protected. SIT.U006.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S014
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G001,SIT.G004

CA.SIT.000024 | [NEOLITHIC-002] broadly c.3000–1200 BCE | SOUTHERN NEOLITHIC MOSAIC
ENTITY: Cattle-keeping, farming and foraging communities
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_SOCIOECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Cattle, millets, pulses, stone tools, ceramics, settlements, mobility and ash-mound practices form a distinct but internally variable southern trajectory.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W024
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_SOCIOECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM::SOUTHERN_NEOLITHIC_MOSAIC
HOST: Karnataka–Andhra/Telangana plateau and adjoining Tamil interfaces
CARRIER: people, cattle, crops, tools, fire and knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_TO_2
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_AND_REGIONALISATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; local phases differ. SIT.U006.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S014,SIT.S015
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G018,SIT.G019,SIT.G020

CA.SIT.000025 | [NEOLITHIC-003] principally third–second millennia BCE | ASH-MOUND AGGREGATION
ENTITY: Cattle-keeping communities and dung-burning practices
ENTITY_TYPE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_AND_SOCIAL_PROCESS
EVENT: Repeated accumulation and burning of cattle dung produces monumental ash deposits at some sites, indicating herd management and episodes of aggregation without fixing a single ritual meaning.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RECURRING
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W023
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE_NETWORK
FUNCTION: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_AND_SOCIAL_PROCESS::ASH_MOUND_AGGREGATION
HOST: Southern Deccan ash-mound zone
CARRIER: cattle, dung, fire, people and gathering practices
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2
LIFECYCLE: RECURRING_AGGREGATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_INTERPRETED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for burned dung accumulation; social meaning remains plural. SIT.U006.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S014,SIT.S015
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G018

CA.SIT.000026 | [NEOLITHIC-004] c.3000–1400 BCE, phase-dependent | SANGANAKALLU–KUPGAL LANDSCAPE
ENTITY: Settlement, quarrying, herding and farming communities
ENTITY_TYPE: LANDSCAPE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Habitation, stone-tool production, rock surfaces, cattle and crop evidence reveal a worked landscape whose functions changed through time.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W024
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE_NETWORK
FUNCTION: LANDSCAPE_SYSTEM::SANGANAKALLU_KUPGAL_LANDSCAPE
HOST: Sanganakallu–Kupgal, Karnataka
CARRIER: people, stone, cattle, crops and learned skill
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_TO_RECOMPOSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; phases and activity areas require site-specific reading.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S014,SIT.S015
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G018

CA.SIT.000027 | [NEOLITHIC-005] third–second millennia BCE | CATTLE AS MATERIAL AND SOCIAL CAPABILITY
ENTITY: Herding communities and cattle
ENTITY_TYPE: MULTISPECIES_SYSTEM
EVENT: Cattle provide food, traction potential, dung, wealth and social relations. Herding depends on pasture, water, care, mobility and negotiated access rather than animal possession alone.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W023
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: MULTISPECIES_SYSTEM::CATTLE_AS_MATERIAL_AND_SOCIAL_CAPABILITY
HOST: Southern plateau and adjoining zones
CARRIER: cattle, herders, fodder and care knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_TO_2
LIFECYCLE: REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; herd roles vary by context.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S014,SIT.S015
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G018,SIT.G020

CA.SIT.000028 | [NEOLITHIC-006] third–second millennia BCE | MILLET AND PULSE DRY-FARMING STACK
ENTITY: Farming households and crop communities
ENTITY_TYPE: FOOD_SYSTEM
EVENT: Native and introduced millets, pulses and other crops enter flexible dry-farming packages suited to variable rainfall. Domestication origin and local adoption are independent questions.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W023
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: FOOD_SYSTEM::MILLET_AND_PULSE_DRY_FARMING_STACK
HOST: Southern Deccan and Tamil interfaces
CARRIER: seed, soil knowledge, labour and exchange
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2
LIFECYCLE: ADOPTION_AND_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; crop identifications and route timing vary. SIT.U006.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S014
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G018,SIT.G020

CA.SIT.000029 | [NEOLITHIC-007] third–second millennia BCE | CROP TRANSFER AND LOCAL RECOMBINATION
ENTITY: Farming and exchange communities
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_FOOD_PROCESS
EVENT: Crops and practices with African, Southwest-Asian and South-Asian histories enter local packages through multiple routes. A crop’s origin does not make the receiving society derivative.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INFERRED
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W023
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_FOOD_PROCESS::CROP_TRANSFER_AND_LOCAL_RECOMBINATION
HOST: Arabian Sea, Deccan and southern peninsula interfaces
CARRIER: seed, people and cultivation knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=HORIZONTAL_TRANSFER; attestation=ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; CHRONOLOGICAL_COMPARISON; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_MULTI_REGION
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; MODELLED
CLAIM_STATUS: INFERRED_CONVERGENCE
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B/C by crop and route; reachable does not equal directly interacted.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S014
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G074,SIT.G075

CA.SIT.000030 | [NEOLITHIC-008] third–second millennia BCE | RICE WITHIN A PLURAL FOOD FIELD
ENTITY: Cultivators and rice varieties
ENTITY_TYPE: FOOD_SYSTEM
EVENT: Rice use and cultivation expand in suitable valleys and wetlands alongside millets, pulses, cattle, fishing and foraging. Wild use, cultivation and fully domesticated forms require separate evidence.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W023
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: FOOD_SYSTEM::RICE_WITHIN_A_PLURAL_FOOD_FIELD
HOST: Southern river valleys and wet zones
CARRIER: seed, water, labour and cultivation knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; site-level chronology varies.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S014
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G007,SIT.G008,SIT.G009

CA.SIT.000031 | [NEOLITHIC-009] third–second millennia BCE | GROUND-STONE AND QUARRY KNOWLEDGE
ENTITY: Quarry workers, tool-makers and users
ENTITY_TYPE: CRAFT_SYSTEM
EVENT: Stone selection, extraction, grinding, polishing, hafting and repair create distributed technical capability whose labour and teaching are only partly visible archaeologically.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W023
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_NETWORK
FUNCTION: CRAFT_SYSTEM::GROUND_STONE_AND_QUARRY_KNOWLEDGE
HOST: Southern plateau quarry and settlement networks
CARRIER: stone, tools, craft workers and apprentices
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; USE_WEAR; LANDSCAPE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2
LIFECYCLE: CRAFT_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; USE_WEAR; LANDSCAPE
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S015
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G018

CA.SIT.000032 | [NEOLITHIC-010] third–second millennia BCE | CERAMIC STORAGE AND COOKING HOSTS
ENTITY: Potters, households and ceramic vessels
ENTITY_TYPE: CRAFT_AND_FOOD_SYSTEM
EVENT: Ceramics change cooking, storage and movement possibilities but coexist with perishable containers. Style is a comparative tool, not an ethnic label.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W023
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: CRAFT_AND_FOOD_SYSTEM::CERAMIC_STORAGE_AND_COOKING_HOSTS
HOST: Southern Neolithic settlements
CARRIER: clay, fuel, potters, vessels and household practice
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; CERAMIC_ANALYSIS; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; CERAMIC_ANALYSIS
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; ceramic style cannot identify one people. SIT.U002.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S015
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G018,SIT.G020

CA.SIT.000033 | [NEOLITHIC-011] c.2400–1000 BCE, local phases | HALLUR LONG TRANSITION
ENTITY: Hallur settlement communities
ENTITY_TYPE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SEQUENCE
EVENT: Settlement deposits record farming, herding, ceramics and later metal use across a long sequence. Phase boundaries show transition, not abrupt replacement.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W022–W025
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SEQUENCE::HALLUR_LONG_TRANSITION
HOST: Hallur, Karnataka
CARRIER: people, animals, crops, ceramics and metal knowledge
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_TO_3
LIFECYCLE: TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; chronology varies by publication and sample.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S014
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G020

CA.SIT.000034 | [NEOLITHIC-012] second millennium BCE | BRAHMAGIRI SETTLEMENT–MORTUARY INTERFACE
ENTITY: Brahmagiri communities
ENTITY_TYPE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SEQUENCE
EVENT: Habitation and mortuary evidence later grouped into Neolithic, megalithic and early historic phases demonstrate repeated site use. Excavation labels remain analytical, not population names.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W023–W024
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SEQUENCE::BRAHMAGIRI_SETTLEMENT_MORTUARY_INTERFACE
HOST: Brahmagiri, Karnataka
CARRIER: settlement practices, objects, bodies and archaeological classifications
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2_TO_3
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; legacy excavation categories require re-evaluation. SIT.U008.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S018
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G019

CA.SIT.000035 | [NEOLITHIC-013] third–second millennia BCE and later | COASTAL FISHING AND SALT CAPABILITY
ENTITY: Fishing, shell-working and salt-producing communities
ENTITY_TYPE: COASTAL_FOOD_AND_CRAFT_SYSTEM
EVENT: Tidal knowledge, boats or rafts, nets, hooks, drying, salt and exchange support coastal life, but humid and submerged archives under-record perishable technology.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W026
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: COASTAL_FOOD_AND_CRAFT_SYSTEM::COASTAL_FISHING_AND_SALT_CAPABILITY
HOST: Malabar, Coromandel, Gulf of Mannar and estuaries
CARRIER: people, boats, fish, shell, salt and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ETHNOHISTORICAL; ECOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_1_TO_2
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ETHNOHISTORICAL; ECOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; early chronology is uneven. SIT.U003.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G013,SIT.G014,SIT.G015

CA.SIT.000036 | [NEOLITHIC-014] third–second millennia BCE | VILLAGE–MOBILITY COMPLEMENTARITY
ENTITY: Settled, mobile and seasonally aggregating communities
ENTITY_TYPE: SETTLEMENT_SYSTEM
EVENT: Houses, fields and storage do not eliminate mobility. Herding, quarrying, exchange, marriage and seasonal resource use connect settlements to wider landscapes.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W021–W023
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: SETTLEMENT_SYSTEM::VILLAGE_MOBILITY_COMPLEMENTARITY
HOST: Southern plateau and adjoining lowlands
CARRIER: people, herds, seed, tools and social ties
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; LANDSCAPE; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_2
LIFECYCLE: DISTRIBUTED_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PERSON_MOVEMENT
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; LANDSCAPE; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S015
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G018,SIT.G019,SIT.G020

CA.SIT.000037 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-001] broadly second–first millennia BCE | IRON-WORKING TRANSITION FIELD
ENTITY: Ore-working and iron-using communities
ENTITY_TYPE: TECHNOLOGICAL_TRANSITION
EVENT: Iron production and use appear at different dates across southern sites, overlapping with stone, copper-alloy and organic technologies. No single discovery date transforms the whole peninsula.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W023–W027
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: TECHNOLOGICAL_TRANSITION::IRON_WORKING_TRANSITION_FIELD
HOST: Southern peninsular India
CARRIER: ore, charcoal, furnaces, smiths, users and teaching
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL; RADIOCARBON; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_AND_DIFFUSION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL; RADIOCARBON
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; each context requires association and contamination audit. SIT.U007.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S016,SIT.S018
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G021,SIT.G022,SIT.G023

CA.SIT.000038 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-002] reported calibrated ages including c.2172 and 1615 BCE | MAYILADUMPARAI IRON-LEVEL DATES
ENTITY: Mayiladumparai excavation contexts and iron-associated occupation
ENTITY_TYPE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_EVIDENCE
EVENT: Charcoal samples reported from iron-bearing levels yield early calibrated ages and support a longer iron chronology in Tamil Nadu. Association, stratigraphy and reproducibility remain claim-bearing fields.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: ESTIMATED
WORLD_BANDS: W022–W023
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_EVIDENCE::MAYILADUMPARAI_IRON_LEVEL_DATES
HOST: Mayiladumparai, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: charcoal samples, iron objects, stratigraphy and reports
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON; OFFICIAL_REPORT; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON; OFFICIAL_REPORT
CLAIM_STATUS: REPORTED_MEASUREMENT
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B/C pending broader independent evaluation; not a peninsula-wide threshold. SIT.U007.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S016
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G021,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000039 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-003] reported c.2953–3345 BCE for associated contexts | SIVAGALAI VERY-EARLY IRON CLAIM
ENTITY: Sivagalai burial/occupation contexts and associated iron
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTESTED_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_CLAIM
EVENT: A 2025 Tamil Nadu report presents very early radiocarbon ages from contexts associated with iron. These dates are high-impact evidence claims, not direct proof that every iron object or regional iron system is equally old.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED
WORLD_BANDS: W020–W021
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: CONTESTED_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_CLAIM::SIVAGALAI_VERY_EARLY_IRON_CLAIM
HOST: Sivagalai, Thoothukudi district, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: dated organic samples, iron objects, context records and interpretation
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=CONTEXTUAL_ASSOCIATION; attestation=OFFICIAL_REPORT; RADIOCARBON; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_CLAIMED
LIFECYCLE: EVIDENCE_UNDER_REVIEW
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_REPORT; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON
CLAIM_STATUS: PRELIMINARY_HIGH_IMPACT
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence C for generalised iron date; direct dating, metallurgical analysis and independent replication required. SIT.U007.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S016
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G022,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000040 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-004] calibrated c.1769–1615 BCE; mean reported c.1692 BCE | KILNAMANDI SARCOPHAGUS BURIAL
ENTITY: Sarcophagus burial with iron objects
ENTITY_TYPE: MORTUARY_CONTEXT
EVENT: A dated burial context reported with iron objects contributes an early second-millennium-BCE point. The date belongs to the sampled context and does not automatically date an entire cultural category.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: ESTIMATED
WORLD_BANDS: W023
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: MORTUARY_CONTEXT::KILNAMANDI_SARCOPHAGUS_BURIAL
HOST: Kilnamandi, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: burial, iron objects, human remains and dated sample
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON; OFFICIAL_REPORT; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON; OFFICIAL_REPORT
CLAIM_STATUS: REPORTED_MEASUREMENT
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B/C; context integrity and wider comparability remain reviewable. SIT.U007; SIT.U008.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S016
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000041 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-005] second–first millennia BCE | FURNACE–FUEL–ORE DEPENDENCY
ENTITY: Iron smelters, smiths and supplying landscapes
ENTITY_TYPE: CRAFT_AND_ENERGY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Iron capability depends on ore knowledge, charcoal or other fuel, furnace control, air flow, labour, transport and repair. Finished objects conceal a distributed ecological and teaching system.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W023–W027
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: CRAFT_AND_ENERGY_SYSTEM::FURNACE_FUEL_ORE_DEPENDENCY
HOST: Ore and workshop landscapes across southern India
CARRIER: ore, fuel, furnaces, craft workers and apprentices
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ETHNOHISTORICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3
LIFECYCLE: CRAFT_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ETHNOHISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; production sites remain unevenly surveyed.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S018
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G001,SIT.G002,SIT.G021

CA.SIT.000042 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-006] broadly c.1200 BCE–300 CE, with local variation | SOUTH INDIAN MEGALITHIC FIELD
ENTITY: Communities using varied monumental and urn mortuary practices
ENTITY_TYPE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_TRADITION
EVENT: Cists, cairns, dolmens, stone circles, sarcophagi and urns occur with iron, ceramics and other goods in diverse combinations. The analytical label does not name one ethnicity or social order.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W024–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_TRADITION::SOUTH_INDIAN_MEGALITHIC_FIELD
HOST: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra–Telangana and adjoining zones
CARRIER: bodies, stones, vessels, objects, labour and mortuary knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3
LIFECYCLE: REGIONALISATION_WITH_VARIATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B for broad field; category is non-ethnic. SIT.U008.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S018,SIT.S019
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G019,SIT.G023,SIT.G024,SIT.G025

CA.SIT.000043 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-007] principally first millennium BCE | CIST–CAIRN–STONE-CIRCLE CONSTRUCTION
ENTITY: Mortuary builders and communities of remembrance
ENTITY_TYPE: MORTUARY_INFRASTRUCTURE
EVENT: Stone selection, quarrying, transport, chamber construction, burial performance and later visitation create durable memory landscapes whose labour is rarely named.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RECURRING
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W025–W030
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: MORTUARY_INFRASTRUCTURE::CIST_CAIRN_STONE_CIRCLE_CONSTRUCTION
HOST: Uplands and plains across southern India
CARRIER: stone, bodies, objects, builders and mourners
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; LANDSCAPE; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3
LIFECYCLE: MEMORY_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; LANDSCAPE; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; ritual meaning and community boundaries remain local. SIT.U008.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S018
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G019,SIT.G023

CA.SIT.000044 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-008] principally first millennium BCE | URN AND SARCOPHAGUS MORTUARY SYSTEMS
ENTITY: Burial communities, potters and the dead
ENTITY_TYPE: MORTUARY_AND_CRAFT_SYSTEM
EVENT: Large urns, sarcophagi and associated vessels create mortuary containers with regional and site-level variation. Vessel form cannot by itself establish rank, ethnicity or language.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RECURRING
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W025–W030
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: MORTUARY_AND_CRAFT_SYSTEM::URN_AND_SARCOPHAGUS_MORTUARY_SYSTEMS
HOST: Tamil lowlands and other southern zones
CARRIER: clay, fuel, vessels, bodies, objects and ritual labour
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL; CERAMIC_ANALYSIS; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL; CERAMIC_ANALYSIS
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; social interpretation is context-dependent. SIT.U008.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S017,SIT.S018
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G022,SIT.G023

CA.SIT.000045 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-009] first millennium BCE–early centuries CE | BLACK-AND-RED WARE DISTRIBUTION
ENTITY: Potters, users and ceramic exchange networks
ENTITY_TYPE: CERAMIC_FIELD
EVENT: Black-and-red firing effects occur across varied forms and contexts. Distribution supports comparison and some exchange studies but never identifies one people or language without independent evidence.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W025–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: CERAMIC_FIELD::BLACK_AND_RED_WARE_DISTRIBUTION
HOST: Southern peninsular sites
CARRIER: clay, fuel, vessels, potters and users
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; CERAMIC_ANALYSIS; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; CERAMIC_ANALYSIS
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for presence; provenance and identity claims require separate tests. SIT.U002; SIT.U008.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S018
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G023,SIT.G024,SIT.G025

CA.SIT.000046 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-010] c.1000 BCE–early centuries CE, phase-dependent | ADICHANALLUR MORTUARY COMPLEX
ENTITY: Adichanallur burial communities and archaeological collections
ENTITY_TYPE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SITE_COMPLEX
EVENT: Extensive urn burials, human remains and metal, ceramic and other objects make Adichanallur a major mortuary archive. Site phases and legacy collections require integrated contextual publication.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W026–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SITE_COMPLEX::ADICHANALLUR_MORTUARY_COMPLEX
HOST: Adichanallur, Tamiraparani region, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: burials, human remains, metals, vessels, excavation records and collections
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL; OFFICIAL_REPORT; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3
LIFECYCLE: BURIAL_USE_TO_EVIDENCE_HISTORY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL; OFFICIAL_REPORT
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B for major mortuary field; exact phasing and custody remain active. SIT.U009; SIT.U036.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S017
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G023,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000047 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-011] principally first millennium BCE | NILGIRI HIGHLAND MORTUARY LANDSCAPES
ENTITY: Highland communities and monumental burials
ENTITY_TYPE: LANDSCAPE_AND_MORTUARY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Dolmens, cairns and related monuments occupy highland route and settlement landscapes. Later antiquarian collection and tourism reshape their archive and custody.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W025–W030
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME2_HOLOCENE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: LANDSCAPE_AND_MORTUARY_SYSTEM::NILGIRI_HIGHLAND_MORTUARY_LANDSCAPES
HOST: Nilgiri and adjoining highlands
CARRIER: stone monuments, bodies, objects, routes and memory
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; LANDSCAPE; ARCHIVAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; LANDSCAPE; ARCHIVAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; chronology and cultural attribution vary. SIT.U008; SIT.U036.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S018
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G006

CA.SIT.000048 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-012] c.5th century BCE–3rd century CE, phases vary | KODUMANAL CRAFT–ROUTE SYSTEM
ENTITY: Craft workers, traders and settlement communities
ENTITY_TYPE: CRAFT_AND_EXCHANGE_NODE
EVENT: Bead, gemstone, iron and textile-related evidence places Kodumanal within an inland route linking resource zones, polities and ports. Production scale and political control change through time.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W029–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: CRAFT_AND_EXCHANGE_NODE::KODUMANAL_CRAFT_ROUTE_SYSTEM
HOST: Kodumanal, Noyyal basin, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: gems, beads, iron, textiles, workers, merchants and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_TO_4
LIFECYCLE: TAKEOFF_AND_NETWORK_INTEGRATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; some date and trade-route details remain site-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S019
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G024,SIT.G030,SIT.G032,SIT.G034

CA.SIT.000049 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-013] first millennium BCE–early centuries CE | PORUNTHAL SETTLEMENT–BURIAL–INSCRIPTION FIELD
ENTITY: Porunthal communities and excavated materials
ENTITY_TYPE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SITE_COMPLEX
EVENT: Burials, habitation, crops, beads and inscribed ceramics contribute to debates on early exchange and writing. Each radiocarbon sample and inscription association must retain its exact context.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED
WORLD_BANDS: W025–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SITE_COMPLEX::PORUNTHAL_SETTLEMENT_BURIAL_INSCRIPTION_FIELD
HOST: Porunthal, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: burials, grain, beads, ceramics, marks and dated samples
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON; EPIGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_TO_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON; EPIGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_WITH_CONTESTED_ASSOCIATIONS
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B/C for proposed early inscription chronology. SIT.U011.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S019,SIT.S020
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G025,SIT.G080

CA.SIT.000050 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-014] first millennium BCE | BEAD AND GEMSTONE TECHNICAL NETWORKS
ENTITY: Stone workers, bead makers, miners, traders and consumers
ENTITY_TYPE: CRAFT_NETWORK
EVENT: Carnelian, quartz, beryl, agate, shell and glass move through extraction, heating, drilling, polishing and exchange chains. Finished ornaments conceal labour, fuel and apprenticeship.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W025–W030
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: CRAFT_NETWORK::BEAD_AND_GEMSTONE_TECHNICAL_NETWORKS
HOST: Kongu, Tamil lowlands, Deccan and port corridors
CARRIER: raw stone, shell, glass, tools, workers and merchants
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; MATERIAL_ANALYSIS; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_TO_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_MULTI_REGION
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; MATERIAL_ANALYSIS
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scope and boundaries remain evidence-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S019,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G024,SIT.G030,SIT.G034

CA.SIT.000051 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-015] first millennium BCE onward | HIGH-CARBON STEEL KNOWLEDGE LINEAGE
ENTITY: Iron and steel craft lineages
ENTITY_TYPE: TECHNICAL_LINEAGE
EVENT: Southern Indian iron-working contributes to later high-carbon steel traditions known through material, textual and trade evidence. “Wootz” names changing products and classifications, not one timeless recipe.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W025–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: TECHNICAL_LINEAGE::HIGH_CARBON_STEEL_KNOWLEDGE_LINEAGE
HOST: Southern Indian production and export networks
CARRIER: ore, carbon, crucibles, furnace control, smiths and trade
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL; TEXTUAL; ETHNOHISTORICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_TO_5
LIFECYCLE: CRAFT_REPRODUCTION_AND_HOST_MIGRATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL; TEXTUAL; ETHNOHISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; technical sequences and terminology vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S046
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G001,SIT.G021,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000052 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-016] first millennium BCE | BURIAL GOODS AND SOCIAL DIFFERENCE
ENTITY: The dead, mourners and mortuary communities
ENTITY_TYPE: SOCIAL_EVIDENCE_FIELD
EVENT: Variation in labour and grave goods may index age, role, affiliation, wealth or ritual choice, but burial wealth is not a complete map of living hierarchy.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RECURRING
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: INFERRED
WORLD_BANDS: W025–W030
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: SOCIAL_EVIDENCE_FIELD::BURIAL_GOODS_AND_SOCIAL_DIFFERENCE
HOST: Southern megalithic mortuary sites
CARRIER: bodies, objects, monument labour and remembrance
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: SOCIAL_ORGANISATION_INFERRED
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: INFERRED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence C for specific rank models. SIT.U008.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S018,SIT.S019
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G023,SIT.G025

CA.SIT.000053 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-017] c.1000–300 BCE | SETTLEMENT–BURIAL NON-IDENTITY
ENTITY: Habitations, cemeteries and route landscapes
ENTITY_TYPE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_RELATION
EVENT: Mortuary sites often preserve more visibly than settlements. Their spatial relation can illuminate territory and movement but cannot substitute for missing household evidence.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W026–W029
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_RELATION::SETTLEMENT_BURIAL_NON_IDENTITY
HOST: Southern peninsular archaeological landscapes
CARRIER: settlements, cemeteries, paths and archaeological observation
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LANDSCAPE_ARCHAEOLOGY; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: EVIDENCE_CAPABILITY
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LANDSCAPE_ARCHAEOLOGY; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; archive asymmetry is central. SIT.U003; SIT.U008.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S006,SIT.S018
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G019,SIT.G023,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000054 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-018] c.1000–300 BCE | INLAND–COASTAL EXCHANGE INTENSIFICATION
ENTITY: Producers, carriers, traders and coastal communities
ENTITY_TYPE: EXCHANGE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Iron, ceramics, beads, salt, fish, crops and other materials connect uplands, river valleys and coasts. Reach is inferred from provenance and distribution, not assumed from resemblance.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W026–W029
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: EXCHANGE_SYSTEM::INLAND_COASTAL_EXCHANGE_INTENSIFICATION
HOST: Kongu, Tamil plains, Kerala passes and both coasts
CARRIER: goods, people, pack animals, boats and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=EXCHANGE_AND_REACH; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; MATERIAL_ANALYSIS; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_3_TO_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; MATERIAL_ANALYSIS
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; particular transactions often unattested.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S019,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G013,SIT.G014,SIT.G024,SIT.G032

CA.SIT.000055 | [IRON_MEGALITHIC-019] c.600–300 BCE | EARLY-HISTORIC THRESHOLD AS MOSAIC
ENTITY: Settlement, craft, exchange, inscription and polity systems
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_TRANSITION
EVENT: Larger settlements, specialised craft, coin use, writing and named polities become more visible at different rates. “Early historic” is an evidence threshold, not one societal birthday.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W028–W029
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_TRANSITION::EARLY_HISTORIC_THRESHOLD_AS_MOSAIC
HOST: Tamilakam and southern interfaces
CARRIER: people, goods, scripts, institutions and routes
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: TAKEOFF_WITH_REGIONAL_VARIATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; regional clocks remain independent.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S005,SIT.S009,SIT.S019
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G024,SIT.G025,SIT.G080

CA.SIT.000056 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-001] c.6th–3rd centuries BCE | VAIGAI SETTLEMENT INTENSIFICATION
ENTITY: Farming, craft and settlement communities
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_SETTLEMENT_PROCESS
EVENT: Archaeology in the Vaigai basin records denser settlement, craft and exchange before and during the early inscriptional horizon. Urbanity remains site- and criterion-specific.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W028–W029
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_SETTLEMENT_PROCESS::VAIGAI_SETTLEMENT_INTENSIFICATION
HOST: Vaigai basin, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: people, crops, craft, water and exchange
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: TAKEOFF
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; settlement hierarchy and continuity require fuller publication.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S064
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G008,SIT.G026,SIT.G037

CA.SIT.000057 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-002] radiocarbon point reported around 580 BCE; broader site c.6th century BCE onward | KEELADI EARLY SETTLEMENT HORIZON
ENTITY: Keeladi settlement communities
ENTITY_TYPE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SITE_SEQUENCE
EVENT: Excavated habitation, craft and water-management evidence includes a radiocarbon sample interpreted within a sixth-century-BCE settlement horizon. That date does not automatically date every feature or inscription.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: ESTIMATED
WORLD_BANDS: W028–W029
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SITE_SEQUENCE::KEELADI_EARLY_SETTLEMENT_HORIZON
HOST: Keeladi, Vaigai basin, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: structures, artefacts, samples, workers and settlement practices
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON; OFFICIAL_REPORT; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; RADIOCARBON; OFFICIAL_REPORT
CLAIM_STATUS: REPORTED_MEASUREMENT
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B for dated context; phasing and association remain record-specific. SIT.U010.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S064,SIT.S065
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G026,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000058 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-003] proposed early horizon; conventional secure range later | KEELADI INSCRIBED-SHERD ASSOCIATION
ENTITY: Inscribed potsherds, contexts and interpreters
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTESTED_EPIGRAPHIC_EVIDENCE
EVENT: Tamil-Brahmi-like marks and inscribed sherds contribute to literacy debates, but object date, depositional context, script reading and settlement phase must not be collapsed.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED
WORLD_BANDS: W028–W030
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_EVIDENCE
FUNCTION: CONTESTED_EPIGRAPHIC_EVIDENCE::KEELADI_INSCRIBED_SHERD_ASSOCIATION
HOST: Keeladi, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: sherds, stratigraphy, palaeography, reports and peer review
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=CONTEXTUAL_ASSOCIATION; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; PUBLICATION_HISTORY; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: EVIDENCE_CAPABILITY
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; EPISTEMIC_HISTORY
CLAIM_STATUS: CONTESTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence C for earliest association; conventional secure script chronology remains separate. SIT.U010; SIT.U011.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S020,SIT.S064,SIT.S065
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G026,SIT.G080,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000059 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-004] c.3rd century BCE | ASHOKAN SOUTHERN FRONTIER NAMES
ENTITY: Cholas, Pandyas, Satiyaputras, Keralaputras and Tamraparni as named in edicts
ENTITY_TYPE: TEXTUAL_POLITICAL_FIELD
EVENT: Major Rock Edict II names southern polities or regions beyond the Mauryan core in a welfare/diplomatic horizon. Naming attests external recognition, not Mauryan territorial conquest.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W030
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: TEXTUAL_POLITICAL_FIELD::ASHOKAN_SOUTHERN_FRONTIER_NAMES
HOST: Mauryan inscriptional field and southern named horizons
CARRIER: royal inscription, names and political information
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=NAMED_FRONTIER_RELATION; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_FRONTIER_NON_CONQUEST
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for names; geographic mapping and relation type remain debated. SIT.U014.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S021,SIT.S005
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G058,SIT.G059,SIT.G060,SIT.G062

CA.SIT.000060 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-005] securely c.3rd–1st centuries BCE; later continuities | EARLY TAMIL-BRAHMI INSCRIPTION SYSTEM
ENTITY: Writers, donors, craftspeople, readers and Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions
ENTITY_TYPE: INFORMATION_SYSTEM
EVENT: An adapted Brahmi script records early Tamil and other names and transactions on caves, potsherds, coins and objects. Script presence does not measure population-wide literacy.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W030–W031
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: INFORMATION_SYSTEM::EARLY_TAMIL_BRAHMI_INSCRIPTION_SYSTEM
HOST: Tamilakam and connected routes
CARRIER: speech, signs, stone, pottery, metal, writers and readers
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALAEOGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_AND_DIFFUSION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALAEOGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B for secure range; proposed earlier dates remain context-specific. SIT.U011.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S020
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G080

CA.SIT.000061 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-006] c.2nd century BCE, conventionally | MANGULAM DONOR INSCRIPTIONS
ENTITY: Named donors, Jain ascetics and Pandya-associated officials
ENTITY_TYPE: EPIGRAPHIC_EVENT
EVENT: Rock-shelter inscriptions record donations and offices associated with a Pandya named Nedunchezhiyan in scholarly readings, joining religious, political and writing clocks without making them identical.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W030
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: EPIGRAPHIC_EVENT::MANGULAM_DONOR_INSCRIPTIONS
HOST: Mangulam, near Madurai
CARRIER: inscribed stone, donors, ascetics and readers
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_INTERPRETED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; readings and dynastic identification remain epigraphically bounded.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S020
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G027,SIT.G037,SIT.G060,SIT.G080

CA.SIT.000062 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-007] c.1st century CE, conventionally | JAMBAI SATIYAPUTO INSCRIPTION
ENTITY: Atiyaman Neduman Anji as named in inscriptional reading
ENTITY_TYPE: EPIGRAPHIC_EVENT
EVENT: The Jambai inscription links the title Satiyaputo with an Atiyaman ruler also remembered in Tamil literature. The cross-identification is strong but does not synchronise every poem or Ashokan relation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W032
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: EPIGRAPHIC_EVENT::JAMBAI_SATIYAPUTO_INSCRIPTION
HOST: Jambai, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: stone inscription, royal title and scholarly cross-reading
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=EPIGRAPHIC_TEXTUAL_CROSSWALK; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; LITERARY_COMPARISON
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_INTERPRETED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; literary dating remains independent. SIT.U012; SIT.U014.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S020,SIT.S021
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G028,SIT.G080

CA.SIT.000063 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-008] c.1st–2nd centuries CE, conventionally | PUGALUR CHERA GENEALOGY
ENTITY: Chera-associated rulers named in inscriptions
ENTITY_TYPE: EPIGRAPHIC_GENEALOGY
EVENT: Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions record a Chera lineage in a Jain-associated cave context. A short genealogy attests named relationships, not an unbroken dynasty across all later Chera uses.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W032
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: EPIGRAPHIC_GENEALOGY::PUGALUR_CHERA_GENEALOGY
HOST: Pugalur/Aranattar-malai near Karur
CARRIER: inscribed stone, names, donors and interpreters
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_INTERPRETED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; dynastic scope is bounded. SIT.U013.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S020,SIT.S019
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G029,SIT.G030,SIT.G058,SIT.G080

CA.SIT.000064 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-009] c.3rd century BCE–3rd century CE | CAVE DONATION NETWORKS
ENTITY: Jain and Buddhist ascetics, donors, artisans and local authorities
ENTITY_TYPE: RELIGIOUS_AND_INFORMATION_NETWORK
EVENT: Beds, shelters and inscriptions record patronage and ascetic mobility across routes. Later sectarian identities and hagiographies cannot be projected onto every early cave.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W030–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: RELIGIOUS_AND_INFORMATION_NETWORK::CAVE_DONATION_NETWORKS
HOST: Tamilakam rock shelters and route landscapes
CARRIER: people, teachings, inscriptions, gifts and route knowledge
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PERSON_MOVEMENT
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; institutional identification varies by inscription.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S005,SIT.S020
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G027,SIT.G028,SIT.G029,SIT.G080

CA.SIT.000065 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-010] c.300 BCE–300 CE | MADURAI POLITICAL–MARKET CENTRE
ENTITY: Pandya courts, merchants, artisans, cultivators and urban residents
ENTITY_TYPE: URBAN_AND_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Archaeology, inscriptions and later literary memory place Madurai within a durable political, market and religious landscape. Its urban form and boundaries change across phases.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W030–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CITY_REGION
FUNCTION: URBAN_AND_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::MADURAI_POLITICAL_MARKET_CENTRE
HOST: Madurai and Vaigai basin
CARRIER: people, tribute, goods, water, texts and institutions
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; NUMISMATIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: TAKEOFF_AND_REASSEMBLY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; NUMISMATIC
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; later city continuity must not backfill missing phases.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S019,SIT.S022
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G037,SIT.G060

CA.SIT.000066 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-011] c.300 BCE–300 CE | KORKAI PEARL–ESTUARY SYSTEM
ENTITY: Fishers, pearl divers, merchants and Pandya-linked authorities
ENTITY_TYPE: PORT_AND_EXTRACTION_SYSTEM
EVENT: Korkai’s changing estuarine setting supports pearl, fish, salt and maritime exchange. Silting and shoreline movement alter port function; textual prestige does not freeze one harbour location.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W030–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_PORT_REGION
FUNCTION: PORT_AND_EXTRACTION_SYSTEM::KORKAI_PEARL_ESTUARY_SYSTEM
HOST: Korkai and Tamiraparani estuary
CARRIER: pearls, shell, fish, salt, boats, divers and merchants
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; port phases and palaeoshoreline remain active research.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S019,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G009,SIT.G032,SIT.G060

CA.SIT.000067 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-012] c.300 BCE–300 CE | KARUR INLAND EXCHANGE AND CHERA POWER
ENTITY: Karur communities, craft workers, merchants and Chera-linked rulers
ENTITY_TYPE: INLAND_POLITICAL_AND_EXCHANGE_NODE
EVENT: Coins, craft and route evidence place Karur at an inland junction connecting Kongu, Ghats passes and coasts. Political attribution is phase-specific.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W030–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CITY_REGION
FUNCTION: INLAND_POLITICAL_AND_EXCHANGE_NODE::KARUR_INLAND_EXCHANGE_AND_CHERA_POWER
HOST: Karur and Kaveri–Amaravati corridor
CARRIER: coins, gems, textiles, metal, people and routes
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; NUMISMATIC; EPIGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; NUMISMATIC; EPIGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; polity reach remains graded. SIT.U013.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S019
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G030,SIT.G058

CA.SIT.000068 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-013] c.300 BCE–300 CE | URAIYUR CHOLA-ASSOCIATED CENTRE
ENTITY: Uraiyur residents, craft workers, merchants and Chola-linked rulers
ENTITY_TYPE: URBAN_AND_POLITICAL_NODE
EVENT: Material, literary and later historical evidence associate Uraiyur with early Chola power and textile/market activity. Dynastic continuity into the imperial Chola age is not automatic.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W030–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CITY_REGION
FUNCTION: URBAN_AND_POLITICAL_NODE::URAIYUR_CHOLA_ASSOCIATED_CENTRE
HOST: Uraiyur, present Tiruchirappalli
CARRIER: people, textiles, goods, water and political memory
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; NUMISMATIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; NUMISMATIC
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; early/imperial Chola identity requires separate clocks. SIT.U013.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S019
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G031,SIT.G059

CA.SIT.000069 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-014] c.1st centuries BCE–CE onward; phases vary | KAVERIPATTINAM–PUHAR PORT SYSTEM
ENTITY: Port residents, merchants, sailors, craft workers and Chola-linked authorities
ENTITY_TYPE: PORT_CITY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Archaeology and texts place a major Kaveri-mouth port within Bay-of-Bengal exchange. Coastal change and erosion complicate site extent and literary reconstruction.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W031–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_PORT_CITY
FUNCTION: PORT_CITY_SYSTEM::KAVERIPATTINAM_PUHAR_PORT_SYSTEM
HOST: Kaveripattinam/Puhar, Kaveri delta
CARRIER: ships, sailors, goods, water, sediment and port institutions
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; MARINE; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; MARINE; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; text, excavation and submerged features retain separate provenance.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G007,SIT.G033,SIT.G059,SIT.G075

CA.SIT.000070 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-015] c.2nd century BCE–3rd century CE, phase-dependent | ARIKAMEDU PORT AND PRODUCTION
ENTITY: Local residents, craft workers and Indian Ocean merchants
ENTITY_TYPE: PORT_AND_CRAFT_NODE
EVENT: Imported amphorae and fine wares coexist with local bead, textile and ceramic production. The site joined long-distance exchange but was not thereby a Roman colony.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W030–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: PORT_AND_CRAFT_NODE::ARIKAMEDU_PORT_AND_PRODUCTION
HOST: Arikamedu, near present Puducherry
CARRIER: ceramics, wine/oil containers, beads, textiles, workers and merchants
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=MARITIME_EXCHANGE; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; MATERIAL_ANALYSIS; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_MULTI_REGION
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; MATERIAL_ANALYSIS
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; colonial reading prohibited. SIT.U016.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S026,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G034,SIT.G072,SIT.G076

CA.SIT.000071 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-016] c.1st century BCE–4th century CE, principal early phase | PATTANAM PORT ARCHAEOLOGY
ENTITY: Port communities, sailors, craftspeople and excavated infrastructure
ENTITY_TYPE: PORT_SITE_COMPLEX
EVENT: Wharf-related features, a canoe and wide-ranging materials support interpretation as a major Malabar port. Identification with textual Muziris remains a reasoned but contested correlation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W031–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: PORT_SITE_COMPLEX::PATTANAM_PORT_ARCHAEOLOGY
HOST: Pattanam, present Kerala
CARRIER: wharf, canoe, ceramics, beads, botanical remains, people and excavation records
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; MATERIAL_ANALYSIS; GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; MATERIAL_ANALYSIS; GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_INFERRED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B for major port; C for exact Muziris identification. SIT.U015.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S025,SIT.S027
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G035,SIT.G036,SIT.G074,SIT.G076

CA.SIT.000072 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-017] mid-1st century CE | PERIPLUS SOUTHERN PORT DESCRIPTIONS
ENTITY: Anonymous Periplus author, sailors, merchants and named ports
ENTITY_TYPE: TEXTUAL_MARITIME_EVIDENCE
EVENT: The Periplus describes west- and south-coast trade, including Muziris and pepper routes, through a merchant-navigation perspective. Textual names require archaeological and geographical cross-checking.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W032
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: TEXTUAL_MARITIME_EVIDENCE::PERIPLUS_SOUTHERN_PORT_DESCRIPTIONS
HOST: Red Sea–Arabian Sea–southern Indian Ocean routes
CARRIER: written itinerary, place names and commercial knowledge
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEXTUAL_ROUTE_DESCRIPTION; attestation=PRIMARY_TEXT; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; GEOGRAPHICAL_COMPARISON
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_WITH_SOURCE_BIAS
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for text; B/C for place mapping and quantities. SIT.U015; SIT.U017.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S024,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G036,SIT.G074,SIT.G076

CA.SIT.000073 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-018] mid-2nd century CE document; voyage context earlier/later bounded by study | MUZIRIS PAPYRUS COMMERCIAL CONTRACT
ENTITY: Merchant-financiers, shippers and pepper cargo named through a papyrus contract
ENTITY_TYPE: COMMERCIAL_DOCUMENT
EVENT: The Muziris papyrus exposes credit, valuation, tax and transport dependencies in an Indian Ocean cargo chain. One surviving contract is not a complete trade census.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W032
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_DOCUMENT
FUNCTION: COMMERCIAL_DOCUMENT::MUZIRIS_PAPYRUS_COMMERCIAL_CONTRACT
HOST: Muziris–Red Sea–Egypt commercial route
CARRIER: papyrus, contract terms, pepper, capital, ship and intermediaries
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=ATTESTED_COMMERCIAL_TRANSACTION; attestation=PAPYROLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_TO_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: PAPYROLOGICAL; ECONOMIC; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_INTERPRETED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; cargo scale and port identification remain bounded. SIT.U015; SIT.U017.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S027
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G036,SIT.G074,SIT.G076

CA.SIT.000074 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-019] c.1st century BCE–3rd century CE | RED SEA–MEDITERRANEAN EXCHANGE
ENTITY: South Asian, Arabian, African and Mediterranean sailors, merchants, producers and consumers
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_EXCHANGE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Pepper, textiles, beads, gems and other exports move west while coin, wine/oil containers, glass and other goods move through multi-actor networks. Exchange is not a one-way Roman discovery.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W031–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_EXCHANGE_SYSTEM::RED_SEA_MEDITERRANEAN_EXCHANGE
HOST: Malabar and Coromandel ports, Arabian Sea, Red Sea and Mediterranean
CARRIER: ships, goods, people, capital, contracts and monsoon knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=MARITIME_EXCHANGE; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL; PAPYROLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_TO_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_MULTI_REGION
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: MULTI_SOURCE
CLAIM_STATUS: CONVERGENT
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; volumes and social reach remain estimated. SIT.U017.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S024,SIT.S026,SIT.S027,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G034,SIT.G035,SIT.G036,SIT.G076

CA.SIT.000075 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-020] c.1st century BCE–3rd century CE | ROMAN COIN AND IMPORT DISTRIBUTION
ENTITY: Coin users, hoarders, merchants and archaeological contexts
ENTITY_TYPE: NUMISMATIC_AND_MATERIAL_FIELD
EVENT: Roman coins and imported objects occur unevenly across southern India as bullion, currency, prestige or recycled material depending on context. Find counts do not directly equal trade balance.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W031–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: NUMISMATIC_AND_MATERIAL_FIELD::ROMAN_COIN_AND_IMPORT_DISTRIBUTION
HOST: Tamilakam, Kerala and inland route zones
CARRIER: coins, metals, ceramics, glass and users
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=NUMISMATIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; MATERIAL_ANALYSIS; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: NUMISMATIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; MATERIAL_ANALYSIS
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_WITH_INTERPRETIVE_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for finds; B/C for use and macroeconomic inference. SIT.U017.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S026,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G030,SIT.G034,SIT.G035,SIT.G076

CA.SIT.000076 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-021] c.1st century BCE–3rd century CE | PEPPER PORT–HINTERLAND CHAIN
ENTITY: Growers, gatherers, carriers, merchants, port workers and consumers
ENTITY_TYPE: COMMODITY_AND_KNOWLEDGE_CHAIN
EVENT: Pepper reaches oceanic markets through Ghats ecologies, cultivation/gathering knowledge, pack routes, storage, credit and shipping. Port fame cannot erase inland labour or forest dependency.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W031–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: COMMODITY_AND_KNOWLEDGE_CHAIN::PEPPER_PORT_HINTERLAND_CHAIN
HOST: Western Ghats–Malabar–Indian Ocean chain
CARRIER: pepper, people, animals, sacks, ships, credit and route knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; TEXTUAL; PAPYROLOGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_TO_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; TEXTUAL; PAPYROLOGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; production organisation is less visible than trade endpoints.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S024,SIT.S027,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G035,SIT.G036,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000077 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-022] c.1st century BCE–3rd century CE | TEXTILE PRODUCTION AND EXPORT
ENTITY: Cultivators, spinners, dyers, weavers, merchants and consumers
ENTITY_TYPE: CRAFT_AND_EXCHANGE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Cotton and other textile production links farm, household, dye, loom, market and port. Perishable cloth survives poorly, so tools, texts and impressions carry disproportionate evidentiary weight.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W031–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: CRAFT_AND_EXCHANGE_SYSTEM::TEXTILE_PRODUCTION_AND_EXPORT
HOST: Tamil plains, inland craft centres and ports
CARRIER: fibre, dyes, tools, skilled labour, cloth and merchants
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; MATERIAL_ANALYSIS; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; MATERIAL_ANALYSIS
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; scale and labour relations are incompletely visible. SIT.U003.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S026,SIT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G024,SIT.G031,SIT.G034

CA.SIT.000078 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-023] c.1st century BCE–3rd century CE | EARLY CHERA POLITICAL FIELD
ENTITY: Chera-named rulers, chiefs, households and subject/partner communities
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITICAL_FIELD
EVENT: Epigraphy, coins, archaeology and layered poems attest changing Chera power around west-coast and Kongu routes. The name does not define one fixed territory or unbroken dynasty.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W031–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: POLITICAL_FIELD::EARLY_CHERA_POLITICAL_FIELD
HOST: Karur, western Tamilakam, Kerala corridors and ports
CARRIER: persons, tribute, gifts, military force, routes and political memory
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_AND_COMPETITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: CONVERGENT
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; poem dates and polity boundaries remain uncertain. SIT.U012; SIT.U013.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S019,SIT.S020,SIT.S022
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G030,SIT.G058

CA.SIT.000079 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-024] c.1st century BCE–3rd century CE | EARLY CHOLA POLITICAL FIELD
ENTITY: Chola-named rulers, chiefs, households and subject/partner communities
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITICAL_FIELD
EVENT: Texts, archaeology and coins associate Chola power with Kaveri and coastal centres. Later imperial Cholas reused the name but are not assumed to be an unchanged institution.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W031–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: POLITICAL_FIELD::EARLY_CHOLA_POLITICAL_FIELD
HOST: Kaveri basin, Uraiyur, Puhar and adjoining zones
CARRIER: persons, tribute, gifts, military force, irrigation and political memory
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_AND_COMPETITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; dynastic continuity prohibited without evidence. SIT.U012; SIT.U013.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S019,SIT.S022
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G031,SIT.G033,SIT.G059

CA.SIT.000080 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-025] c.3rd century BCE–3rd century CE | EARLY PANDYA POLITICAL FIELD
ENTITY: Pandya-named rulers, courts, households and subject/partner communities
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITICAL_FIELD
EVENT: Ashokan names, Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions, coins, archaeology and poems attest a Pandya field centred on Madurai and southern routes. Reach remained negotiated and variable.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W030–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: POLITICAL_FIELD::EARLY_PANDYA_POLITICAL_FIELD
HOST: Madurai, Vaigai–Tamiraparani zones, Korkai and wider south
CARRIER: persons, tribute, gifts, military force, pearls and political memory
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_AND_COMPETITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: CONVERGENT
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B for named polity field; boundaries and succession uncertain. SIT.U012; SIT.U013.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S019,SIT.S020,SIT.S021,SIT.S022
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G032,SIT.G037,SIT.G060

CA.SIT.000081 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-026] c.1st century BCE–3rd century CE | VELIR AND SMALLER CHIEFTAINCIES
ENTITY: Atiyaman, Velir and other local rulers and communities
ENTITY_TYPE: DISTRIBUTED_POLITICAL_FIELD
EVENT: Poems, inscriptions and archaeology preserve multiple chiefs, forts, gift relations and local alliances. The three crowned dynasties did not exhaust political life.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W031–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: DISTRIBUTED_POLITICAL_FIELD::VELIR_AND_SMALLER_CHIEFTAINCIES
HOST: Tamilakam uplands, routes and local centres
CARRIER: persons, kinship, gifts, war, forts and route control
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_DISTRIBUTED_AND_NEGOTIATED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; literary person/date correlations vary. SIT.U012.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S019,SIT.S020,SIT.S023
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G028,SIT.G078

CA.SIT.000082 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-027] composition and compilation broadly c.early centuries BCE–early centuries CE; manuscripts later | SANGAM CORPUS FORMATION
ENTITY: Poets, patrons, performers, compilers, scribes and Tamil anthologies
ENTITY_TYPE: LITERARY_MEMORY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Early Tamil poems preserve landscapes, war, love, gift, ethics and social roles through layered composition, collection and transmission. “Sangam” does not denote one academy whose historical details are all contemporary.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED
WORLD_BANDS: W029–W034
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_CORPUS
FUNCTION: LITERARY_MEMORY_SYSTEM::SANGAM_CORPUS_FORMATION
HOST: Tamil literary and performance worlds
CARRIER: speech, performance, memory, palm-leaf manuscripts, scribes and later print
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; LINGUISTIC; MANUSCRIPT; HISTORICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_TO_5
LIFECYCLE: COMPOSITION_COMPILATION_TRANSMISSION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; LINGUISTIC; MANUSCRIPT; HISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED_WITH_CONTESTED_DATES
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for corpus importance; C for individual poem dates and academy traditions. SIT.U012.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S022,SIT.S023,SIT.S088
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000083 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-028] early historic corpus | AKAM–PURAM GENRE ARCHITECTURE
ENTITY: Tamil poets, audiences and genre conventions
ENTITY_TYPE: INFORMATION_ARCHITECTURE
EVENT: Akam and puram organise interior/relational and public/heroic themes through conventions rather than simple documentary categories. Poems can illuminate society without becoming literal event logs.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W030–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_CORPUS
FUNCTION: INFORMATION_ARCHITECTURE::AKAM_PURAM_GENRE_ARCHITECTURE
HOST: Tamil literary world
CARRIER: language, metre, performance, memory and manuscripts
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; LINGUISTIC; LITERARY; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; LINGUISTIC; LITERARY
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_INTERPRETED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; documentary inference remains genre-aware. SIT.U012.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S022,SIT.S023
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000084 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-029] early historic corpus | TINAI ECOLOGICAL POETICS
ENTITY: Poets, landscapes, livelihoods and social conventions
ENTITY_TYPE: LITERARY_ECOLOGICAL_MODEL
EVENT: Tinai associates poetic situations with kurinji, mullai, marutam, neytal and palai ecologies. It is a sophisticated cultural model, not a literal exhaustive GIS or timeless caste map.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W030–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_CORPUS
FUNCTION: LITERARY_ECOLOGICAL_MODEL::TINAI_ECOLOGICAL_POETICS
HOST: Tamil literary landscapes
CARRIER: ecological observation, language, genre and performance
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; LITERARY; ECOLOGICAL_COMPARISON; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; LITERARY; ECOLOGICAL_COMPARISON
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_INTERPRETED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for genre system; B/C for direct social mapping. SIT.U012.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S022,SIT.S023
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G013,SIT.G014,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000085 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-030] early historic corpus | WOMEN POETS AND GENDERED ARCHIVE
ENTITY: Women attributed as poets, female figures, households and performers
ENTITY_TYPE: SOCIAL_AND_LITERARY_EVIDENCE
EVENT: The corpus preserves attributed women poets and varied gendered voices while also encoding patriarchal, martial and kinship orders. Literary presence does not prove equal institutional power.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED
WORLD_BANDS: W030–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_CORPUS
FUNCTION: SOCIAL_AND_LITERARY_EVIDENCE::WOMEN_POETS_AND_GENDERED_ARCHIVE
HOST: Tamil literary and social worlds
CARRIER: poems, names, performance and manuscript attribution
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; LITERARY; HISTORICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: SOCIAL_MEMORY_CAPABILITY
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; LITERARY; HISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_WITH_ATTRIBUTION_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; authorship and biographies are unevenly recoverable. SIT.U012.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S022,SIT.S023
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000086 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-031] c.1st century BCE–3rd century CE | GIFT, WAR AND POET–PATRON CIRCUITS
ENTITY: Rulers, warriors, bards, households and receiving communities
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITICAL_ECONOMY_AND_MEMORY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Praise, gift, cattle raiding, alliance and warfare circulate wealth and reputation. Poetic commemoration amplifies elite action while farmers, carriers and casualties remain less visible.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RECURRING
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W031–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: POLITICAL_ECONOMY_AND_MEMORY_SYSTEM::GIFT_WAR_AND_POET_PATRON_CIRCUITS
HOST: Tamilakam courts, routes and agrarian zones
CARRIER: persons, cattle, goods, poems and political reputation
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; texts are genre-shaped. SIT.U012.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S019,SIT.S023
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G058,SIT.G059,SIT.G060,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000087 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-032] c.1st century BCE–3rd century CE | FARMING, PASTORALISM AND FISHING IN THE SANGAM FIELD
ENTITY: Cultivators, herders, fishers, salt workers and households
ENTITY_TYPE: BASEFLOOR_SOCIOECONOMIC_SYSTEM
EVENT: Poems and archaeology reveal wet cultivation, dry crops, cattle, fishing, salt and exchange as interdependent floors. Courtly surplus depends on often-anonymous production and ecological skill.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W031–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: BASEFLOOR_SOCIOECONOMIC_SYSTEM::FARMING_PASTORALISM_AND_FISHING_IN_THE_SANGAM_FIELD
HOST: Tamilakam river valleys, drylands, uplands and coasts
CARRIER: water, crops, animals, fish, salt, labour and knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ECOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOBOTANICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ECOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: CONVERGENT
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; production relations vary locally.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S019,SIT.S023
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G007,SIT.G008,SIT.G009,SIT.G013,SIT.G014

CA.SIT.000088 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-033] c.1st century BCE–3rd century CE | YAVANA AS CONTEXTUAL EXONYM
ENTITY: People labelled Yavana in South Asian texts and inscriptions
ENTITY_TYPE: ETHNONYM_AND_CONTACT_FIELD
EVENT: Yavana can denote Greeks, western foreigners or context-specific groups. The label must be interpreted per source and cannot turn every imported object or resident into one fixed ethnicity.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W031–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_TERM
FUNCTION: ETHNONYM_AND_CONTACT_FIELD::YAVANA_AS_CONTEXTUAL_EXONYM
HOST: Tamilakam and wider South Asian textual/archaeological field
CARRIER: names, persons, texts and interpretations
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: INFORMATION_CAPABILITY
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_WITH_SEMANTIC_VARIATION
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; meaning varies by source.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S005,SIT.S024
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G076,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000089 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-034] early centuries CE | SRI LANKA–TAMILAKAM MARITIME INTERFACE
ENTITY: Sailors, merchants, migrants, religious travellers and political actors
ENTITY_TYPE: BIDIRECTIONAL_INTERFACE
EVENT: Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar carry people, goods, ideas and conflict in both directions. Shared language or material does not erase distinct island and peninsula clocks.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W032–W033
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: BIDIRECTIONAL_INTERFACE::SRI_LANKA_TAMILAKAM_MARITIME_INTERFACE
HOST: Palk Strait, Gulf of Mannar, northern Sri Lanka and Tamil coasts
CARRIER: boats, people, goods, religious knowledge and military force
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=BIDIRECTIONAL_MARITIME_INTERFACE; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PERSON_MOVEMENT
EVIDENCE: MULTI_SOURCE
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; relation types and phases must remain separate.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S005,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G015,SIT.G016,SIT.G073

CA.SIT.000090 | [EARLY_HISTORIC-035] c.3rd–5th centuries CE | EARLY OCEANIC NETWORK RECOMPOSITION
ENTITY: Ports, merchants, producers and successor political formations
ENTITY_TYPE: SYSTEM_RECOMPOSITION
EVENT: Changes in Mediterranean demand, coin inflow, routes and regional politics transform rather than simply end Indian Ocean commerce. Port functions migrate and reassemble.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W033–W034
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: SYSTEM_RECOMPOSITION::EARLY_OCEANIC_NETWORK_RECOMPOSITION
HOST: Malabar, Coromandel and Indian Ocean network
CARRIER: goods, ships, merchants, credit and port institutions
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; local trajectories differ. SIT.U017.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S028
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G034,SIT.G035,SIT.G074,SIT.G075

CA.SIT.000091 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-001] c.3rd–6th centuries CE | POST-SANGAM POLITICAL RECOMPOSITION
ENTITY: Local rulers, agrarian communities, religious institutions and changing dynasties
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_TRANSITION
EVENT: After the strongest early-historic inscriptional and poetic horizon, political names, settlement and patronage reassemble unevenly. Absence of one court archive is not civilisational disappearance.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W033–W034
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_TRANSITION::POST_SANGAM_POLITICAL_RECOMPOSITION
HOST: Tamilakam and adjoining peninsula
CARRIER: people, land, institutions, texts and political memory
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: RECOMPOSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; archive density changes sharply. SIT.U003; SIT.U018.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S005,SIT.S009,SIT.S029
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G058,SIT.G059,SIT.G060

CA.SIT.000092 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-002] c.3rd–6th centuries CE, poorly bounded | KALABHRA PROBLEM
ENTITY: Rulers and formations labelled Kalabhra in later records
ENTITY_TYPE: CONTESTED_POLITICAL_FIELD
EVENT: Sparse and often later evidence recalls Kalabhra disruption or rule. The label must remain an uncertainty node rather than a dark age or wholesale cultural break.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED
WORLD_BANDS: W033–W034
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_TERM
FUNCTION: CONTESTED_POLITICAL_FIELD::KALABHRA_PROBLEM
HOST: Parts of Tamilakam, exact extent disputed
CARRIER: later inscriptions, literary memory and historical interpretation
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; HISTORIOGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: POLITICAL_CAPABILITY_UNKNOWN
LIFECYCLE: UNCERTAIN
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; HISTORIOGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: CONTESTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence C for chronology, extent and institutional character. SIT.U018.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S005,SIT.S007,SIT.S029
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000093 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-003] c.3rd–6th centuries CE | PALLAVA FORMATION
ENTITY: Early Pallava rulers and administered communities
ENTITY_TYPE: DYNASTIC_FORMATION
EVENT: Prakrit and later Sanskrit/Tamil inscriptions trace a changing Pallava formation in northern Tamil and southern Andhra interfaces. Dynastic origin remains debated.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W033–W034
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: DYNASTIC_FORMATION::PALLAVA_FORMATION
HOST: Kanchipuram region and Andhra–Tamil interfaces
CARRIER: rulers, grants, military force, inscriptions and administrative ties
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; origin narratives remain unresolved. SIT.U019.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S005,SIT.S007,SIT.S029
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G038,SIT.G061

CA.SIT.000094 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-004] c.4th–6th centuries CE | KADAMBA–GANGA–PALLAVA INTERFACE
ENTITY: Kadamba, Western Ganga, Pallava and local communities
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_FIELD
EVENT: Competing and allied formations connect Karnataka, Kongu and northern Tamil zones through grants, war, marriage and religious patronage. Boundaries remain graded.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W034
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_FIELD::KADAMBA_GANGA_PALLAVA_INTERFACE
HOST: Southern Karnataka, Kongu and northern Tamil interfaces
CARRIER: persons, military service, grants, inscriptions and ritual institutions
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_FRONTIER_AND_LAYERED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; reach varies by reign and locality.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S029
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G061,SIT.G063

CA.SIT.000095 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-005] c.543–753 CE | EARLY CHALUKYA INTERFACE
ENTITY: Badami Chalukya rulers, armies, courts and subject/partner communities
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: A Deccan power contests Pallavas, supports temple building and inscriptions, and connects Kannada, Sanskrit and regional political worlds. Object 22 owns its central clock; Object 23 records the interface.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::EARLY_CHALUKYA_INTERFACE
HOST: Deccan–Tamil frontier and campaign routes
CARRIER: armies, envoys, artisans, inscriptions and political practices
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_CONTESTED_FRONTIER
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_TO_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; campaign control differs from durable rule.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S008
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G061,SIT.G063

CA.SIT.000096 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-006] c.575–630 CE | MAHENDRAVARMAN-ERA PALLAVA ROCK-CUT BUILDING
ENTITY: Pallava court, architects, sculptors, quarry workers and ritual communities
ENTITY_TYPE: ARCHITECTURAL_TRANSFORMATION
EVENT: Rock-cut shrines and inscriptions materialise court patronage, technical skill and changing ritual landscapes. Attribution to a ruler does not erase distributed labour or earlier sacred use.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: ARCHITECTURAL_TRANSFORMATION::MAHENDRAVARMAN_ERA_PALLAVA_ROCK_CUT_BUILDING
HOST: Northern Tamil region and Kanchipuram sphere
CARRIER: stone, tools, artisans, patrons, iconography and ritual knowledge
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ART_HISTORICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: TAKEOFF
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ART_HISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; exact patronage and construction phases vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S030,SIT.S007
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G038,SIT.G039,SIT.G061

CA.SIT.000097 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-007] c.630–668 CE | NARASIMHAVARMAN I AND VATAPI CAMPAIGN
ENTITY: Pallava forces, Chalukya forces and affected communities
ENTITY_TYPE: WAR_AND_POLITICAL_EVENT
EVENT: Pallava power reverses earlier defeats and captures Vatapi after prolonged conflict. A successful campaign does not create uniform lasting control over the Deccan.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: WAR_AND_POLITICAL_EVENT::NARASIMHAVARMAN_I_AND_VATAPI_CAMPAIGN
HOST: Kanchipuram–Vatapi campaign field
CARRIER: armies, animals, weapons, supplies and political claims
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_CAMPAIGN_NOT_UNIFORM_RULE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: MILITARY_CLIMB
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; narratives and exact sequence require source criticism.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S008
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G038,SIT.G061,SIT.G063

CA.SIT.000098 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-008] 7th–8th centuries CE | MAMALLAPURAM MONUMENTAL COMPLEX
ENTITY: Pallava patrons, architects, sculptors, workers and ritual users
ENTITY_TYPE: ARCHITECTURAL_AND_PORT_LANDSCAPE
EVENT: Rock-cut caves, monoliths, reliefs and structural temples develop near a maritime edge. The complex records experimentation and court representation, not a complete account of surrounding society.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W035
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE_COMPLEX
FUNCTION: ARCHITECTURAL_AND_PORT_LANDSCAPE::MAMALLAPURAM_MONUMENTAL_COMPLEX
HOST: Mamallapuram/Mahabalipuram, Coromandel Coast
CARRIER: stone, labour, design, iconography, ritual and maritime position
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; HERITAGE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; HERITAGE
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; individual monument sequence and uses remain researched.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S030
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G014,SIT.G039,SIT.G061

CA.SIT.000099 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-009] 6th–9th centuries CE | KANCHIPURAM COURT–RELIGIOUS–LEARNING SYSTEM
ENTITY: Pallava courts, Hindu, Jain and Buddhist institutions, artisans and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: URBAN_INSTITUTIONAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Kanchipuram operates as political centre, pilgrimage field and knowledge node across several traditions. Later sectarian memory must not erase earlier plurality.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CITY_REGION
FUNCTION: URBAN_INSTITUTIONAL_SYSTEM::KANCHIPURAM_COURT_RELIGIOUS_LEARNING_SYSTEM
HOST: Kanchipuram and surrounding agrarian network
CARRIER: people, texts, land grants, ritual, craft and political authority
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: CONSOLIDATION_AND_PLURAL_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; institutional chronology varies.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S029,SIT.S030
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G038,SIT.G061

CA.SIT.000100 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-010] 6th–9th centuries CE | GRANT–SETTLEMENT–AGRARIAN EXPANSION
ENTITY: Rulers, Brahmadeya recipients, cultivators, pastoralists, artisans and local communities
ENTITY_TYPE: LAND_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_TRANSFORMATION
EVENT: Land grants and new settlements redistribute revenue, ritual authority and cultivation rights. Grant text records a legal claim; actual possession, prior users and ecological change require separate evidence.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAND_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_TRANSFORMATION::GRANT_SETTLEMENT_AGRARIAN_EXPANSION
HOST: Tamil, Kerala and adjoining peninsular regions
CARRIER: land claims, water, people, records, crops and authority
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LAND_AND_WATER_REALLOCATION; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_LAYERED_LAND_CONTROL
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ENVIRONMENTAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; implementation and affected prior users are unevenly archived.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S029
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G007,SIT.G008,SIT.G061,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000101 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-011] 6th–9th centuries CE and later | TEMPLE AS MULTI-FUNCTION HOST
ENTITY: Temple institutions, patrons, priests, workers, cultivators, artists and worshippers
ENTITY_TYPE: INSTITUTIONAL_HOST
EVENT: Temples combine ritual, landholding, storage, redistribution, employment, art, performance, record and political representation in varying proportions. Sacred function never cancels hierarchy or labour.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: INSTITUTIONAL_HOST::TEMPLE_AS_MULTI_FUNCTION_HOST
HOST: South Indian temple and agrarian networks
CARRIER: land, water, grain, wealth, people, images, texts and ritual knowledge
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; LIVING_HERITAGE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_TO_LIVING_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; LIVING_HERITAGE
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; functions and access vary by institution and time. SIT.U023.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S029,SIT.S033
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000102 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-012] 6th–9th centuries CE | NAYANMAR DEVOTIONAL NETWORKS
ENTITY: Shaiva poet-saints, devotees, temples, singers and later compilers
ENTITY_TYPE: DEVOTIONAL_AND_MEMORY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Tamil Shaiva poems and pilgrimage rework relations among deity, devotee, place and authority. Hagiographic biographies are later layered and social outcomes are not uniformly egalitarian.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: DEVOTIONAL_AND_MEMORY_SYSTEM::NAYANMAR_DEVOTIONAL_NETWORKS
HOST: Tamil temple, route and performance worlds
CARRIER: poems, performance, people, temples and manuscript traditions
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; LIVING_TRADITION; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_AND_HOST_MIGRATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; LIVING_TRADITION
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for literary/devotional impact; B/C for saint biographies. SIT.U020.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S031
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G079,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000103 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-013] 6th–9th centuries CE | ALVAR DEVOTIONAL NETWORKS
ENTITY: Vaishnava poet-saints, devotees, temples, singers and later compilers
ENTITY_TYPE: DEVOTIONAL_AND_MEMORY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Tamil Vaishnava poems build sacred geographies and later liturgical corpora. Individual biographies, caste claims and chronology remain source-specific.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: DEVOTIONAL_AND_MEMORY_SYSTEM::ALVAR_DEVOTIONAL_NETWORKS
HOST: Tamil sacred sites and performance networks
CARRIER: poems, performance, people, temples and manuscript traditions
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; LIVING_TRADITION; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; LIVING_TRADITION
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for corpus impact; B/C for biographies and dates. SIT.U020.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S031
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G079,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000104 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-014] 7th–10th centuries CE | DEVOTIONAL CORPUS COMPILATION
ENTITY: Compilers, temple singers, scribes and institutions preserving Tevaram and Divya Prabandham
ENTITY_TYPE: LITERARY_INSTITUTIONALISATION
EVENT: Earlier poems migrate into compiled, liturgical and temple hosts. Canon formation increases survivability while selecting versions, authors and sacred places.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W035–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_CORPUS
FUNCTION: LITERARY_INSTITUTIONALISATION::DEVOTIONAL_CORPUS_COMPILATION
HOST: Tamil temple and manuscript networks
CARRIER: oral performance, palm leaf, scribes, singers and institutional patronage
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; MANUSCRIPT; EPIGRAPHIC; LIVING_TRADITION; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: CONSOLIDATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; MANUSCRIPT; EPIGRAPHIC; LIVING_TRADITION
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; compilation chronology is layered. SIT.U020.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S031,SIT.S032
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G079,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000105 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-015] c.6th–9th centuries CE | JAIN AND BUDDHIST CONTINUITY UNDER COMPETITION
ENTITY: Jain, Buddhist and other religious communities
ENTITY_TYPE: RELIGIOUS_FIELD
EVENT: Monasteries, caves, teachers, texts and donors persist amid shifting court patronage and devotional competition. Polemical stories cannot be read as a complete census of decline or persecution.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: RELIGIOUS_FIELD::JAIN_AND_BUDDHIST_CONTINUITY_UNDER_COMPETITION
HOST: Tamilakam, Karnataka and Kerala interfaces
CARRIER: people, teachings, texts, sites, gifts and routes
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_4_TO_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; local survival and conflict vary. SIT.U020; SIT.U026.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S005,SIT.S029,SIT.S031
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G038,SIT.G079,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000106 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-016] c.560–900 CE | PANDYA REVIVAL AND SOUTHERN EXPANSION
ENTITY: Pandya rulers, armies, agrarian communities and religious institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITICAL_REASSEMBLY
EVENT: Pandya power reassembles around Madurai, contests Pallavas and Cheras, and supports temples and grants. Reuse of the Pandya name does not prove institutional continuity from every early historic ruler.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W034–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: POLITICAL_REASSEMBLY::PANDYA_REVIVAL_AND_SOUTHERN_EXPANSION
HOST: Madurai, far south and adjoining frontiers
CARRIER: rulers, armies, land, tribute, inscriptions and temples
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; NUMISMATIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: RELAUNCH_AND_COMPETITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; NUMISMATIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; succession and territorial reach vary. SIT.U013.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S029
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G037,SIT.G060,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000107 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-017] 7th–9th centuries CE | PANDYA ROCK-CUT AND STRUCTURAL TEMPLE PROGRAMMES
ENTITY: Pandya patrons, artisans, workers and ritual communities
ENTITY_TYPE: ARCHITECTURAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Rock-cut and structural temples in the far south materialise changing Shaiva, Vaishnava and Jain patronage. Monumental visibility remains an elite-biased archive.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W035–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: ARCHITECTURAL_SYSTEM::PANDYA_ROCK_CUT_AND_STRUCTURAL_TEMPLE_PROGRAMMES
HOST: Madurai region and southern Tamil country
CARRIER: stone, labour, design, images, ritual and patronage
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ART_HISTORICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ART_HISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; attribution varies by monument.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S029
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G037,SIT.G060,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000108 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-018] c.753–973 CE | RASHTRAKUTA SOUTHERN INTERFACE
ENTITY: Rashtrakuta, Pallava, Ganga, Chola and local political actors
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Rashtrakuta power links Deccan and southern campaigns, grants and court networks. Object 23 records its effects without absorbing the dynasty from the Deccan owner file.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W035–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::RASHTRAKUTA_SOUTHERN_INTERFACE
HOST: Deccan–Karnataka–Tamil campaign and alliance zones
CARRIER: armies, grants, marriage, officials and inscriptions
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; effective control remains phase-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S008
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G063,SIT.G061

CA.SIT.000109 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-019] c.8th–12th centuries CE | CHERA PERUMAL POLITICAL SYSTEM
ENTITY: Chera Perumal rulers, temples, Brahmin settlements, merchants and local authorities
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITICAL_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: A west-coast polity centred in Kerala combines temple networks, landed authority, ports and local powers. Its chronology and later fission require inscription-led reconstruction.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W035–W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITICAL_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_SYSTEM::CHERA_PERUMAL_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
HOST: Kerala and Malabar coast, centred on Mahodayapuram region
CARRIER: rulers, land, temples, merchants, inscriptions and ports
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_TO_FISSION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; succession, reach and end date vary. SIT.U013.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S029,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G048,SIT.G049,SIT.G062

CA.SIT.000110 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-020] 8th–12th centuries CE | WEST-COAST COPPER-PLATE RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES
ENTITY: Jewish, Christian and merchant communities, rulers and local institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: LEGAL_AND_COMMERCIAL_DOCUMENT_SYSTEM
EVENT: Copper-plate grants record privileges, obligations and status for merchant and religious communities. Authenticity, date, later custody and actual implementation remain document-specific.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W035–W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_DOCUMENT_NETWORK
FUNCTION: LEGAL_AND_COMMERCIAL_DOCUMENT_SYSTEM::WEST_COAST_COPPER_PLATE_RIGHTS_AND_PRIVILEGES
HOST: Kerala west-coast port and court networks
CARRIER: copper plates, legal language, communities, privileges and memory
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; LEGAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; LEGAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_WITH_CONTEXT
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; founding legends and charter dates must not be conflated. SIT.U026; SIT.U036.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G048,SIT.G049,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000111 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-021] 7th century onward | MUSLIM MERCHANT COMMUNITIES ON THE WEST COAST
ENTITY: Arabian and local Muslim merchants, sailors, families and religious institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: DIASPORA_AND_RELIGIOUS_NETWORK
EVENT: Monsoon trade and settlement create durable Muslim communities before European oceanic empires. Trade, intermarriage, mosque patronage and local law vary by port and period.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W035–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: DIASPORA_AND_RELIGIOUS_NETWORK::MUSLIM_MERCHANT_COMMUNITIES_ON_THE_WEST_COAST
HOST: Malabar and other southern ports
CARRIER: people, ships, goods, capital, Arabic/Malayalam knowledge and institutions
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; COMMUNITY_ARCHIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PERSON_MOVEMENT
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; COMMUNITY_ARCHIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B for durable presence; exact founding dates often traditional. SIT.U026.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S028,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G048,SIT.G049,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000112 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-022] c.8th–10th centuries CE and later | HORSE-IMPORT DEPENDENCY
ENTITY: Rulers, cavalry, merchants, handlers and imported horses
ENTITY_TYPE: MILITARY_LOGISTICS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Southern states repeatedly depend on Indian Ocean horse imports, specialist care and inland distribution because long-distance cavalry capability is not reproduced by political will alone.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W035–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: MILITARY_LOGISTICS_SYSTEM::HORSE_IMPORT_DEPENDENCY
HOST: Arabian Sea ports, Deccan and Tamil military networks
CARRIER: horses, ships, handlers, merchants, fodder and capital
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_HIGH_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCY
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; quantities and mortality vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S028,SIT.S038
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G048,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000113 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-023] traditional c.8th century; dates disputed | SHANKARA AND ADVAITA LINEAGES
ENTITY: Shankara-attributed texts and Advaita teaching lineages
ENTITY_TYPE: PHILOSOPHICAL_AND_EDUCATIONAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Commentaries articulate influential non-dual Vedanta. Detailed biographies, travel itineraries and four-matha foundation claims were elaborated later and retain separate confidence.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED
WORLD_BANDS: W035–W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_TEXT_LINEAGE
FUNCTION: PHILOSOPHICAL_AND_EDUCATIONAL_SYSTEM::SHANKARA_AND_ADVAITA_LINEAGES
HOST: South India and remembered subcontinental teaching networks
CARRIER: texts, teachers, students, debate and monastic institutions
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; COMMENTARIAL; HAGIOGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; COMMENTARIAL; HAGIOGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED_WITH_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B for intellectual lineage; C/D for detailed biography.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S005,SIT.S032
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G079,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000114 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-024] c.9th–13th centuries CE | MALAYALAM LITERARY-LINGUISTIC DIFFERENTIATION
ENTITY: Malayalam speech and textual communities
ENTITY_TYPE: LANGUAGE_HISTORY
EVENT: Western Tamil dialect continua, Sanskrit interaction, regional speech and writing practices contribute over centuries to recognisably Malayalam literary forms. No single birthday or racial split is valid.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_LANGUAGE
FUNCTION: LANGUAGE_HISTORY::MALAYALAM_LITERARY_LINGUISTIC_DIFFERENTIATION
HOST: Kerala and adjoining west-coast/highland zones
CARRIER: speakers, speech practices, scripts, texts and institutions
FLOW: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LINGUISTIC; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: DIFFERENTIATION_AND_STANDARDISATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PROCESS_SUCCESSION
EVIDENCE: LINGUISTIC; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; dialect/language boundaries and dates are analytic. SIT.U040.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S032,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G068,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000115 | [EARLY_MEDIEVAL-025] c.9th–12th centuries CE | KANNADA–TELUGU–TAMIL LITERARY INTERFACES
ENTITY: Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Sanskrit writers, courts and readers
ENTITY_TYPE: MULTILINGUAL_INFORMATION_FIELD
EVENT: Courts, inscriptions, religious networks and poets move forms and vocabulary across languages while developing distinct literary institutions. Comparison does not imply one language owns another.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MULTILINGUAL_INFORMATION_FIELD::KANNADA_TELUGU_TAMIL_LITERARY_INTERFACES
HOST: Karnataka, Andhra–Telangana and Tamil interfaces
CARRIER: speakers, scripts, texts, teachers, courts and performance
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LINGUISTIC; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LINGUISTIC; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; individual transmission paths require evidence.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S032,SIT.S089
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G068,SIT.G069,SIT.G070,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000116 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-001] c.848–871 CE | VIJAYALAYA CHOLA REASSEMBLY
ENTITY: Vijayalaya Chola, military followers and Kaveri-region communities
ENTITY_TYPE: DYNASTIC_RELAUNCH
EVENT: Vijayalaya establishes a new Chola political base around Thanjavur amid Pallava–Pandya–Muttaraiyar competition. The relaunch reuses an old name without proving uninterrupted institutions.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: DYNASTIC_RELAUNCH::VIJAYALAYA_CHOLA_REASSEMBLY
HOST: Thanjavur and Kaveri delta
CARRIER: military force, alliances, land, tribute and political memory
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; HISTORICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: RELAUNCH
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; HISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; sequence and early reach vary. SIT.U013.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G040,SIT.G059

CA.SIT.000117 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-002] c.871–955 CE | EARLY IMPERIAL CHOLA EXPANSION
ENTITY: Aditya I, Parantaka I, armies, officials and incorporated communities
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITICAL_EXPANSION
EVENT: Chola forces displace Pallava power, contest Pandyas and extend Kaveri-centred revenue and temple patronage. Campaign reach, tribute and durable administration remain distinct.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: POLITICAL_EXPANSION::EARLY_IMPERIAL_CHOLA_EXPANSION
HOST: Tamil region and adjoining frontiers
CARRIER: armies, officials, revenue claims, grants and temples
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; ARCHITECTURAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_EXPANDING_LAYERED_RULE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5_TO_6
LIFECYCLE: CLIMB
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; ARCHITECTURAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; effective control varies.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G040,SIT.G059,SIT.G060,SIT.G061

CA.SIT.000118 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-003] 919 and 921 CE inscriptional phases | UTTARAMERUR ASSEMBLY RULES
ENTITY: Uttaramerur sabha, eligible members, committees and Chola royal authority
ENTITY_TYPE: LOCAL_GOVERNANCE_DOCUMENT
EVENT: Inscriptions prescribe selection, eligibility, disqualification and committee procedures for a Brahmin settlement assembly. They document bounded local governance, not universal suffrage or modern democracy.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W036
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_DOCUMENT
FUNCTION: LOCAL_GOVERNANCE_DOCUMENT::UTTARAMERUR_ASSEMBLY_RULES
HOST: Uttaramerur, present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: inscribed rules, assembly members, committees and royal order
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; LEGAL_HISTORICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_LOCAL_ASSEMBLY_WITH_ROYAL_FRAME
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; LEGAL_HISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for inscriptional rules; scope restricted to institution and period. SIT.U021.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S035,SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000119 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-004] 9th–13th centuries CE | UR–SABHA–NAGARAM GOVERNANCE FIELD
ENTITY: Village assemblies, Brahmin sabhas, merchant bodies, royal officers and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: DISTRIBUTED_GOVERNANCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Inscriptions reveal varied local bodies managing land, tax, irrigation, endowment and commerce within wider royal power. Membership, autonomy and effectiveness vary by place and time.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: DISTRIBUTED_GOVERNANCE_SYSTEM::UR_SABHA_NAGARAM_GOVERNANCE_FIELD
HOST: Chola and neighbouring South Indian regions
CARRIER: people, records, land, revenue, meetings and sanctions
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; LEGAL_HISTORICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_DISTRIBUTED_WITH_ROYAL_OVERLAP
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5_TO_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; LEGAL_HISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; categories and reach are not uniform. SIT.U021.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S034,SIT.S035
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000120 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-005] 9th–13th centuries CE | KAVERI DELTA IRRIGATION–REVENUE STACK
ENTITY: Cultivators, water managers, assemblies, temples and Chola officials
ENTITY_TYPE: AGRARIAN_INFRASTRUCTURE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Channels, tanks, river flows, bunds, assessment and records support intensive cultivation and state/temple surplus. Capability depends on maintenance and unequal water access remains visible.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: AGRARIAN_INFRASTRUCTURE_SYSTEM::KAVERI_DELTA_IRRIGATION_REVENUE_STACK
HOST: Kaveri delta and connected basins
CARRIER: water, sediment, labour, crops, tax records and institutions
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; HYDROLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: CONSOLIDATION_WITH_MAINTENANCE_DEBT
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; HYDROLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; local irrigation histories predate and outlast Chola rule.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G007,SIT.G040,SIT.G082

CA.SIT.000121 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-006] 985–1014 CE | RAJARAJA I IMPERIAL CONSOLIDATION
ENTITY: Rajaraja I, Chola forces, officials, temples and incorporated communities
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Campaigns, surveys, revenue, inscriptions and temple patronage consolidate a large Chola polity across Tamil regions and interfaces. Imperial titles exceed uniformly administered territory.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_SYSTEM::RAJARAJA_I_IMPERIAL_CONSOLIDATION
HOST: Tamil region, Kerala interfaces and Sri Lankan campaign zones
CARRIER: armies, ships, officials, records, revenue and ritual institutions
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: CONSOLIDATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; control geometry is layered.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S033,SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G040,SIT.G059,SIT.G073

CA.SIT.000122 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-007] completed c.1010 CE | BRIHADISVARA TEMPLE AT THANJAVUR
ENTITY: Rajaraja I’s court, architects, sculptors, workers, donors, ritual specialists and communities
ENTITY_TYPE: MONUMENTAL_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A massive stone temple integrates engineering, inscription, ritual, land, storage, performance and royal representation. Its achievement retains quarry, transport, labour, endowment and access dependencies.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE_COMPLEX
FUNCTION: MONUMENTAL_INSTITUTION::BRIHADISVARA_TEMPLE_AT_THANJAVUR
HOST: Thanjavur
CARRIER: stone, labour, design, images, inscriptions, wealth and ritual knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ART_HISTORICAL; LIVING_HERITAGE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: CONSTRUCTION_TO_LIVING_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ART_HISTORICAL; LIVING_HERITAGE
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; later conservation and living use remain separate clocks. SIT.U023.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S033,SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G040,SIT.G059,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000123 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-008] c.993–1017 CE and later phases | CHOLA CONQUEST IN SRI LANKA
ENTITY: Chola forces, Sri Lankan polities, soldiers, officials and civilian communities
ENTITY_TYPE: WAR_AND_OCCUPATION_SYSTEM
EVENT: Chola campaigns seize northern and later major parts of Sri Lanka, establish administrative and temple traces, and encounter resistance. Conquest, occupation, settlement and long-term cultural interaction remain separate.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: WAR_AND_OCCUPATION_SYSTEM::CHOLA_CONQUEST_IN_SRI_LANKA
HOST: Sri Lanka and Palk Strait interface
CARRIER: armies, ships, officials, captives, taxes and inscriptions
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_COERCIVE_OCCUPATION
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_AND_RESISTANCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; civilian effects and control vary by region.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G015,SIT.G016,SIT.G059,SIT.G073

CA.SIT.000124 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-009] 1014–1044 CE | RAJENDRA I IMPERIAL REACH
ENTITY: Rajendra I, Chola forces, officials, port and agrarian systems
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Rajendra extends military campaigns northward, across Sri Lanka and through maritime raids while maintaining Kaveri-based revenue and temple systems. Claimed reach is not uniform annexation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_SYSTEM::RAJENDRA_I_IMPERIAL_REACH
HOST: South India, Sri Lanka, Ganges campaign route and Bay of Bengal
CARRIER: armies, ships, water, tribute, records and political symbols
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: CRUISE_AND_EXPANSION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; campaign itinerary and control differ.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S034,SIT.S036
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G041,SIT.G059,SIT.G073,SIT.G075

CA.SIT.000125 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-010] c.1025 CE | CHOLA RAID ON SRIVIJAYA-LINKED CENTRES
ENTITY: Rajendra I’s naval forces and Srivijaya-related ports/polities
ENTITY_TYPE: MARITIME_WAR_EVENT
EVENT: A Chola expedition attacks multiple Southeast Asian centres. The event demonstrates organised maritime force and commercial-political competition, not enduring Chola colonisation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MARITIME_WAR_EVENT::CHOLA_RAID_ON_SRIVIJAYA_LINKED_CENTRES
HOST: Bay of Bengal, Malay Peninsula and Sumatra-linked routes
CARRIER: ships, crews, weapons, supplies, intelligence and tribute claims
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=MILITARY_RAID; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; REGIONAL_CONTEXT; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_RAID_NOT_COLONISATION
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: EXPEDITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; MARITIME_HISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B for raid; motives and exact route debated. SIT.U022.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S036,SIT.S037
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G059,SIT.G075,SIT.G077

CA.SIT.000126 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-011] completed c.1035 CE | GANGAIKONDACHOLAPURAM IMPERIAL CAPITAL
ENTITY: Rajendra I’s court, builders, residents and temple institution
ENTITY_TYPE: CAPITAL_AND_MONUMENTAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: A new capital and monumental temple materialise victory, water, court and ritual capability. Capital construction depends on land, labour, supply and continuing maintenance.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE_COMPLEX
FUNCTION: CAPITAL_AND_MONUMENTAL_SYSTEM::GANGAIKONDACHOLAPURAM_IMPERIAL_CAPITAL
HOST: Gangaikondacholapuram
CARRIER: stone, water, labour, design, court, residents and ritual institutions
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; HERITAGE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_TO_FISSION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; HERITAGE
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; urban extent and later decline remain separately studied.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S033,SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G041,SIT.G059,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000127 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-012] 10th–12th centuries CE | NAGAPATTINAM BUDDHIST–MARITIME NODE
ENTITY: Buddhist institutions, Chola rulers, Southeast Asian patrons, merchants and sailors
ENTITY_TYPE: RELIGIOUS_AND_PORT_NETWORK
EVENT: Buddhist establishments at Nagapattinam receive Chola and Southeast Asian-linked patronage within maritime trade. Temple-centred Shaiva power did not erase Buddhist connectivity.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: RELIGIOUS_AND_PORT_NETWORK::NAGAPATTINAM_BUDDHIST_MARITIME_NODE
HOST: Nagapattinam and Bay of Bengal network
CARRIER: people, donations, images, texts, ships and commercial ties
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5_TO_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; institutional phases vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S034,SIT.S037
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G043,SIT.G075,SIT.G077

CA.SIT.000128 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-013] 9th–13th centuries CE | AINURRUVAR–MANIGRAMAM MERCHANT NETWORKS
ENTITY: Merchant guilds, carriers, artisans, financiers, ports and political authorities
ENTITY_TYPE: COMMERCIAL_INSTITUTIONAL_NETWORK
EVENT: South Indian merchant bodies operate across inland and oceanic routes through reputation, contracts, gifts and political negotiation. Corporate names do not imply identical membership or monopoly everywhere.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: COMMERCIAL_INSTITUTIONAL_NETWORK::AINURRUVAR_MANIGRAMAM_MERCHANT_NETWORKS
HOST: South India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asian trade nodes
CARRIER: merchants, capital, goods, inscriptions, ships and social institutions
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD3_MULTI_REGION
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; organisational form varies by inscription and route.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S009,SIT.S034,SIT.S037
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G043,SIT.G074,SIT.G075,SIT.G077

CA.SIT.000129 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-014] 10th–13th centuries CE | CHOLA INSCRIPTIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE SURFACE
ENTITY: Royal officers, local assemblies, temples, donors and scribes
ENTITY_TYPE: RECORD_AND_CONTROL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Dense stone inscriptions record taxes, land, water, gifts, service and political titles. High archival density reflects durable media and institutional choices, not total bureaucratic visibility.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: RECORD_AND_CONTROL_SYSTEM::CHOLA_INSCRIPTIONAL_ADMINISTRATIVE_SURFACE
HOST: Tamil region and Chola-controlled/interfacing zones
CARRIER: stone, language, scribes, transactions and institutional memory
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; LEGAL_HISTORICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: CONSOLIDATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; LEGAL_HISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; inscriptions select particular transactions. SIT.U003; SIT.U023.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G040,SIT.G041,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000130 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-015] 10th–13th centuries CE | TEMPLE ENDOWMENT AND LABOUR SYSTEM
ENTITY: Temples, donors, administrators, ritual specialists, dancers, musicians, artisans, cultivators and servants
ENTITY_TYPE: INSTITUTIONAL_ECONOMY
EVENT: Endowments support worship, food, lamps, art, performance, lending and employment while encoding status and obligation. Named workers increase visibility but do not guarantee autonomy or equality.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: INSTITUTIONAL_ECONOMY::TEMPLE_ENDOWMENT_AND_LABOUR_SYSTEM
HOST: Chola-region temple networks
CARRIER: land, grain, gold, livestock, labour, records and ritual knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_LAYERED_SACRED_ECONOMIC
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; labour status and lived experience vary. SIT.U023.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S033,SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G040,SIT.G041,SIT.G042,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000131 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-016] 10th–12th centuries CE | CHOLA BRONZE IMAGE WORKSHOPS
ENTITY: Metalworkers, patrons, ritual communities and processional images
ENTITY_TYPE: CRAFT_AND_LIVING_RITUAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Lost-wax bronze production integrates alloy control, modelling, casting, finishing, iconography and ritual activation. Museum custody is a later host and does not cancel living authority or provenance.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W036–W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: CRAFT_AND_LIVING_RITUAL_SYSTEM::CHOLA_BRONZE_IMAGE_WORKSHOPS
HOST: Tamil temple and workshop networks
CARRIER: metal, wax, fuel, craft workers, images and ritual knowledge
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=MATERIAL_ANALYSIS; ART_HISTORICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; LIVING_HERITAGE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: CRAFT_REPRODUCTION_AND_LIVING_USE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: MATERIAL_ANALYSIS; ART_HISTORICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; LIVING_HERITAGE
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; individual attribution and provenance require object-level evidence. SIT.U036.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S033,SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G040,SIT.G041,SIT.G042,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000132 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-017] c.1017–1137 CE, conventional biography range | RAMANUJA AND SRIVAISHNAVA INSTITUTIONALISATION
ENTITY: Ramanuja, teachers, disciples, texts and temple communities
ENTITY_TYPE: PHILOSOPHICAL_AND_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM
EVENT: Vishishtadvaita teaching and Srivaishnava institutions connect Sanskrit and Tamil textual worlds, temple practice and debate. Hagiographic journeys and social claims remain source-specific.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: PHILOSOPHICAL_AND_RELIGIOUS_SYSTEM::RAMANUJA_AND_SRIVAISHNAVA_INSTITUTIONALISATION
HOST: Srirangam, Kanchipuram, Karnataka interfaces and wider networks
CARRIER: teachers, students, Tamil/Sanskrit texts, temples and commentary
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; HAGIOGRAPHIC; LIVING_TRADITION; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5_TO_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; HAGIOGRAPHIC; LIVING_TRADITION
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B for intellectual lineage; B/C for biography. SIT.U020.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S031,SIT.S032
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G038,SIT.G044,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000133 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-018] 12th century CE | BASAVA AND VIRASHAIVA–LINGAYAT INTERFACE
ENTITY: Basava-associated reformers, sharana communities, courts and later institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: DEVOTIONAL_AND_SOCIAL_MOVEMENT
EVENT: Kannada vachana traditions criticise ritual and social hierarchy and form new community institutions. Biography, movement coherence and later Lingayat identity have distinct clocks.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: DEVOTIONAL_AND_SOCIAL_MOVEMENT::BASAVA_AND_VIRASHAIVA_LINGAYAT_INTERFACE
HOST: Karnataka core with South Indian interfaces
CARRIER: people, vachanas, institutions, labour identities and memory
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; LIVING_TRADITION; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR3_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; LIVING_TRADITION
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B for corpus and impact; biography and social reach vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S032
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000134 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-019] 11th–12th centuries CE | CHOLA–WESTERN CHALUKYA WAR SYSTEM
ENTITY: Chola and Western Chalukya courts, armies and frontier communities
ENTITY_TYPE: PROLONGED_WAR_INTERFACE
EVENT: Repeated campaigns across the Tungabhadra–Kaveri interface consume military labour and revenue while political, merchant and religious networks continue across the contested zone.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RECURRING
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: PROLONGED_WAR_INTERFACE::CHOLA_WESTERN_CHALUKYA_WAR_SYSTEM
HOST: Karnataka–Tamil frontier and Deccan routes
CARRIER: armies, horses, elephants, supplies, captives and political claims
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_CONTESTED_FRONTIER
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: WAR_STRAIN
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; victory claims are court-shaped.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G011,SIT.G059,SIT.G063

CA.SIT.000135 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-020] 1070–1122 CE and later line | KULOTTUNGA I AND EASTERN CHALUKYA–CHOLA RECOMBINATION
ENTITY: Kulottunga I, Chola/Eastern Chalukya lineages, officials and communities
ENTITY_TYPE: DYNASTIC_RECOMBINATION
EVENT: A ruler with Eastern Chalukya and Chola lineage reorganises imperial succession and eastern routes. Genealogy supports political legitimacy but does not merge Telugu and Tamil societies.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: DYNASTIC_RECOMBINATION::KULOTTUNGA_I_AND_EASTERN_CHALUKYA_CHOLA_RECOMBINATION
HOST: Tamil region and Andhra coastal interface
CARRIER: persons, kinship, offices, armies, inscriptions and trade routes
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; institutional effects vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S034,SIT.S089
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G041,SIT.G059,SIT.G070

CA.SIT.000136 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-021] 12th century CE | AIRAVATESVARA TEMPLE AT DARASURAM
ENTITY: Rajaraja II’s court, builders, artists and ritual communities
ENTITY_TYPE: MONUMENTAL_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A highly articulated temple complex demonstrates continuing Chola-period architectural, sculptural and ritual capability beyond the early imperial peak.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W037
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE_COMPLEX
FUNCTION: MONUMENTAL_INSTITUTION::AIRAVATESVARA_TEMPLE_AT_DARASURAM
HOST: Darasuram, near Kumbakonam
CARRIER: stone, labour, design, images, inscriptions and ritual practice
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ART_HISTORICAL; HERITAGE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: CONSOLIDATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ART_HISTORICAL; HERITAGE
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; construction phases and later restoration separately tracked.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S033
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G042,SIT.G059,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000137 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-022] 12th–13th centuries CE | CHOLA DECENTRALISATION AND FISSION
ENTITY: Late Chola rulers, local chiefs, Pandyas, Hoysalas, assemblies and temple systems
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_FISSION
EVENT: Military pressure, succession, local power and changing alliances reduce Chola imperial control. Temples, irrigation, inscriptions, craft and settlement functions persist under new hosts.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W037–W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_FISSION::CHOLA_DECENTRALISATION_AND_FISSION
HOST: Tamil region and adjoining frontiers
CARRIER: institutions, people, land, records and political memory
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6_TO_5
LIFECYCLE: DESCENT_FISSION_AND_HOST_MIGRATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; regional timing varies.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S034
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G040,SIT.G041,SIT.G042,SIT.G059,SIT.G060

CA.SIT.000138 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-023] c.1190–1310 CE | LATER PANDYA RESURGENCE
ENTITY: Later Pandya rulers, armies, ports, temples and subject/partner communities
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITICAL_RELAUNCH
EVENT: Pandya power expands from Madurai, contests Cholas and Hoysalas and participates in Indian Ocean commerce. Court conflict and succession later increase vulnerability.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W037–W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: POLITICAL_RELAUNCH::LATER_PANDYA_RESURGENCE
HOST: Madurai, far south, Kongu, Kerala and Sri Lanka interfaces
CARRIER: armies, ports, revenue, temples, horses and political alliances
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: RELAUNCH_AND_CLIMB
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; effective reach varies. SIT.U013.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S029
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G037,SIT.G060,SIT.G073,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000139 | [CHOLA_HIGH_MEDIEVAL-024] 13th century CE | KAYAL AND HORSE–PEARL COMMERCE
ENTITY: Port communities, horse merchants, pearl workers and Pandya-linked authorities
ENTITY_TYPE: PORT_AND_COMMODITY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Kayal-area routes connect horse import, pearls and Indian Ocean exchange as older Korkai environments change. Textual names and archaeological locations require cautious mapping.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W038
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_PORT_REGION
FUNCTION: PORT_AND_COMMODITY_SYSTEM::KAYAL_AND_HORSE_PEARL_COMMERCE
HOST: Tamiraparani coast and Gulf of Mannar
CARRIER: horses, pearls, ships, merchants, divers, capital and port labour
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5_TO_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; port location and scale vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S028,SIT.S007
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G009,SIT.G015,SIT.G032,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000140 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-001] 1310–1311 CE | MALIK KAFUR SOUTHERN CAMPAIGNS
ENTITY: Delhi Sultanate forces, southern courts, temples and civilian communities
ENTITY_TYPE: WAR_AND_EXTRACTION_EVENT
EVENT: Khalji armies raid and demand tribute from several southern polities, exploiting existing conflicts. Campaign reach and extracted wealth do not equal uniform long-term Delhi administration.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: WAR_AND_EXTRACTION_EVENT::MALIK_KAFUR_SOUTHERN_CAMPAIGNS
HOST: Deccan and far-southern campaign routes
CARRIER: armies, horses, captives, tribute, intelligence and logistical supplies
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_RAID_AND_TRIBUTE_NOT_UNIFORM_RULE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: EXTERNAL_SHOCK
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; NUMISMATIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; chronicler figures and speeches require criticism.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S038
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G037,SIT.G052,SIT.G060

CA.SIT.000141 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-002] early 14th century | PANDYA SUCCESSION FRACTURE
ENTITY: Rival Pandya claimants, local powers and affected communities
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITICAL_FISSION
EVENT: Succession conflict, external campaigns and local realignment weaken the later Pandya imperial centre while Madurai and temple/agrarian functions persist under changing hosts.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: POLITICAL_FISSION::PANDYA_SUCCESSION_FRACTURE
HOST: Madurai and southern Tamil region
CARRIER: claimants, armies, officials, land, temples and political loyalties
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; NUMISMATIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6_TO_5
LIFECYCLE: FRACTURE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; NUMISMATIC
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; causal weighting and local chronology vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S029
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G037,SIT.G060,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000142 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-003] c.1335–1378 CE | MADURAI SULTANATE
ENTITY: Madurai Sultanate rulers, armies, subjects, rivals and religious institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: A short-lived sultanate rules from Madurai amid war, revenue extraction and contested legitimacy. It belongs within Tamil political history without being reduced to an external religious interruption.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::MADURAI_SULTANATE
HOST: Madurai and parts of southern Tamil region
CARRIER: rulers, armies, officials, taxes, coinage and institutions
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_TO_DEFEAT
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: NUMISMATIC; TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; territorial reach and narrative violence claims require source criticism. SIT.U026.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S038
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G037,SIT.G052

CA.SIT.000143 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-004] 13th–14th centuries CE | HOYSALA SOUTHERN INTERFACE
ENTITY: Hoysala rulers, armies, temples and Tamil/Karnataka frontier communities
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_FIELD
EVENT: Hoysala power intervenes in Kongu and Tamil politics through campaigns, garrisons, patronage and alliances. Temple and craft systems cross political frontiers.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W038–W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERREGIONAL_POLITICAL_FIELD::HOYSALA_SOUTHERN_INTERFACE
HOST: Karnataka–Kongu–Tamil interfaces
CARRIER: armies, artisans, grants, marriage and inscriptions
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5_TO_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; effective control remains local.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S029
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G051,SIT.G063

CA.SIT.000144 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-005] 1323 CE and aftermath | KAKATIYA COLLAPSE AND MILITARY-LABOUR DISPERSAL
ENTITY: Kakatiya institutions, Delhi forces, chiefs, soldiers and administrators
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITICAL_FISSION_AND_PERSON_MOVEMENT
EVENT: The fall of Warangal breaks a major Deccan state and redistributes military labour, chiefs and institutional practices across successor formations. Direct lines into Vijayanagara require evidence, not legend alone.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: POLITICAL_FISSION_AND_PERSON_MOVEMENT::KAKATIYA_COLLAPSE_AND_MILITARY_LABOUR_DISPERSAL
HOST: Telangana–Andhra core and southern interfaces
CARRIER: persons, military skills, records, forts and political claims
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5
LIFECYCLE: FISSION_AND_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PERSON_MOVEMENT
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_INFERRED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; specific transmission pathways are debated.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S038,SIT.S089
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G052,SIT.G063

CA.SIT.000145 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-006] conventionally 1336; formation across early 14th century | VIJAYANAGARA STATE FORMATION
ENTITY: Sangama founders, military followers, local elites, cultivators and religious institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_FORMATION
EVENT: A new polity consolidates around the Tungabhadra corridor through forts, agrarian revenue, military labour, temples and alliances. The 1336 date is conventional, not the whole formation process.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W039
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_FORMATION::VIJAYANAGARA_STATE_FORMATION
HOST: Tungabhadra basin and wider South Indian networks
CARRIER: rulers, armies, land, water, institutions and political narratives
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_AND_TAKEOFF
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B for formation; foundation story details contested. SIT.U024.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S038,SIT.S039,SIT.S040
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G045,SIT.G063

CA.SIT.000146 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-007] 14th–16th centuries CE | HAMPI METROPOLITAN LANDSCAPE
ENTITY: Urban residents, court, soldiers, merchants, artisans, cultivators and ritual communities
ENTITY_TYPE: METROPOLITAN_SYSTEM
EVENT: A large fortified capital combines royal, sacred, market, residential, agricultural and water landscapes. Monumental cores depend on a wider metropolitan region and imported supplies.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W039–W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CITY_REGION
FUNCTION: METROPOLITAN_SYSTEM::HAMPI_METROPOLITAN_LANDSCAPE
HOST: Hampi–Vijayanagara metropolitan region
CARRIER: people, stone, water, food, animals, goods, money and institutions
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6_TO_7
LIFECYCLE: CLIMB_AND_CONSOLIDATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; population estimates and neighbourhood functions vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S039,SIT.S040
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G045,SIT.G063,SIT.G081,SIT.G082

CA.SIT.000147 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-008] 14th–16th centuries CE | VIJAYANAGARA WATER AND AGRARIAN SYSTEM
ENTITY: Tank builders, cultivators, pastoralists, temple institutions and state authorities
ENTITY_TYPE: WATER_AND_FOOD_INFRASTRUCTURE
EVENT: Reservoirs, channels, wells and cultivated valleys buffer seasonal rainfall and support capital demand. Storage expands capability while creating maintenance, land and downstream dependencies.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W039–W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: WATER_AND_FOOD_INFRASTRUCTURE::VIJAYANAGARA_WATER_AND_AGRARIAN_SYSTEM
HOST: Tungabhadra basin and Vijayanagara hinterland
CARRIER: water, sediment, labour, crops, animals and allocation institutions
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; HYDROLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: CONSOLIDATION_WITH_MAINTENANCE_DEPENDENCY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; HYDROLOGICAL; EPIGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; dating and institutional attribution vary by feature.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S039,SIT.S040
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G011,SIT.G045,SIT.G082

CA.SIT.000148 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-009] 1347–1527/36 CE | BAHMANI–VIJAYANAGARA INTERFACE
ENTITY: Bahmani and Vijayanagara rulers, armies, frontier communities and merchants
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERSTATE_COMPETITION_SYSTEM
EVENT: Rival states contest Raichur and wider Deccan corridors while exchanging military labour, horses, styles and diplomatic practices. Religious labels cannot explain the whole conflict.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W039–W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERSTATE_COMPETITION_SYSTEM::BAHMANI_VIJAYANAGARA_INTERFACE
HOST: Deccan, Raichur Doab and southern networks
CARRIER: armies, horses, artillery, envoys, capital and information
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; NUMISMATIC; ARCHITECTURAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_CONTESTED_FRONTIER
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: COMPETITION_AND_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; NUMISMATIC; ARCHITECTURAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; motives and control vary. SIT.U026.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S038,SIT.S040
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G045,SIT.G064

CA.SIT.000149 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-010] 14th–16th centuries CE | MILITARY LABOUR AND NAYAKA COMMAND
ENTITY: Nayakas, soldiers, cavalry, local rulers and Vijayanagara courts
ENTITY_TYPE: MILITARY_AND_REVENUE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Military commanders receive or control revenue assignments and build local bases. The term nayaka spans offices and later polities; it is not one uniform feudal institution.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W039–W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: MILITARY_AND_REVENUE_SYSTEM::MILITARY_LABOUR_AND_NAYAKA_COMMAND
HOST: Vijayanagara domains and southern provinces
CARRIER: persons, horses, weapons, forts, revenue rights and patronage
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHITECTURAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_DELEGATED_AND_NEGOTIATED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHITECTURAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; office, assignment and autonomy vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S038,SIT.S040,SIT.S088
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G045,SIT.G046,SIT.G047

CA.SIT.000150 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-011] 14th–16th centuries CE | TEMPLE-CENTRED IMPERIAL INTEGRATION
ENTITY: Vijayanagara rulers, temples, local elites, pilgrims, workers and merchants
ENTITY_TYPE: INSTITUTIONAL_INTEGRATION_SYSTEM
EVENT: Patronage links sacred centres, festivals, land, gifts and political representation across regions. Integration does not make all temples state branches or all worshippers political subjects in one way.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W039–W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INSTITUTIONAL_INTEGRATION_SYSTEM::TEMPLE_CENTRED_IMPERIAL_INTEGRATION
HOST: South Indian sacred and political networks
CARRIER: gifts, land, people, images, festivals, roads and inscriptions
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; LIVING_HERITAGE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: INTEGRATION_NON_IDENTITY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; LIVING_HERITAGE
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; patronage and control remain site-specific.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S038,SIT.S039,SIT.S040
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G044,SIT.G045,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000151 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-012] 1498 CE and aftermath | PORTUGUESE ARRIVAL AT CALICUT
ENTITY: Vasco da Gama’s fleet, Zamorin’s court, local merchants and port communities
ENTITY_TYPE: MARITIME_CONTACT_EVENT
EVENT: A Portuguese fleet reaches Calicut through existing Indian Ocean knowledge and intermediaries. Arrival creates a new armed-commercial actor; it does not begin Indian Ocean trade.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W040–W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MARITIME_CONTACT_EVENT::PORTUGUESE_ARRIVAL_AT_CALICUT
HOST: Calicut/Kozhikode and Arabian Sea routes
CARRIER: ships, crews, interpreters, gifts, information and weapons
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; ARCHIVAL; MARITIME_HISTORICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: NEW_ACTOR_ENTRY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PERSON_MOVEMENT
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; ARCHIVAL; MARITIME_HISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; encounter narratives are perspective-bound.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S041,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G048,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000152 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-013] 15th–16th centuries CE | ZAMORIN–CALICUT PORT POLITY
ENTITY: Zamorin rulers, Muslim and other merchants, port workers and hinterland producers
ENTITY_TYPE: PORT_POLITY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Calicut combines political brokerage, merchant plurality and pepper hinterlands. Portuguese coercion enters an already mature network rather than replacing it instantly.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W040–W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_PORT_REGION
FUNCTION: PORT_POLITY_SYSTEM::ZAMORIN_CALICUT_PORT_POLITY
HOST: Kozhikode/Calicut and Malabar hinterland
CARRIER: pepper, ships, merchants, labour, credit and political protection
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; ARCHIVAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; ARCHIVAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; port population and revenue scale are estimated.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S041,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G048,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000153 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-014] 1503 CE onward | PORTUGUESE COCHIN ALLIANCE AND FORT
ENTITY: Cochin rulers, Portuguese forces, merchants and local communities
ENTITY_TYPE: FORTIFIED_COMMERCIAL_ALLIANCE
EVENT: Portuguese alliance and fortification at Cochin exploit regional rivalry and protect a commercial foothold. Fort, treaty, factory and sovereign control remain different layers.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W041–W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_PORT_REGION
FUNCTION: FORTIFIED_COMMERCIAL_ALLIANCE::PORTUGUESE_COCHIN_ALLIANCE_AND_FORT
HOST: Cochin/Kochi and Malabar coast
CARRIER: ships, artillery, merchants, treaties, goods and fort labour
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_ALLIANCE_AND_FORT_POINT
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; effective control changes. SIT.U027.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S041,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G049,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000154 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-015] 1509–1529 CE | KRISHNADEVARAYA IMPERIAL CONSOLIDATION
ENTITY: Krishnadevaraya, Vijayanagara armies, court, cultivators, merchants and subject/partner communities
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Military victories, revenue, irrigation, temple patronage, diplomacy and literature support a high-capability imperial phase. Courtly success coexists with war, taxation and unequal access.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_SYSTEM::KRISHNADEVARAYA_IMPERIAL_CONSOLIDATION
HOST: Vijayanagara and South Indian networks
CARRIER: armies, horses, artillery, revenue, water, texts and patronage
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHITECTURAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: CRUISE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHITECTURAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; court texts are source-positioned.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S038,SIT.S039,SIT.S040
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G045,SIT.G063,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000155 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-016] early 16th century CE | AMUKTAMALYADA AND MULTILINGUAL COURT
ENTITY: Krishnadevaraya-attributed Telugu poem, court poets and readers
ENTITY_TYPE: LITERARY_AND_POLITICAL_MEMORY
EVENT: The Telugu Amuktamalyada links devotion, kingship and political advice within a multilingual imperial court. Royal attribution and textual transmission remain manuscript-historical questions.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_TEXT
FUNCTION: LITERARY_AND_POLITICAL_MEMORY::AMUKTAMALYADA_AND_MULTILINGUAL_COURT
HOST: Vijayanagara court and Telugu literary world
CARRIER: Telugu language, manuscript, poets, court and readers
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; MANUSCRIPT; LITERARY_HISTORICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; MANUSCRIPT; LITERARY_HISTORICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_INTERPRETED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; textual layers and attribution require criticism.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S088,SIT.S089
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G045,SIT.G070,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000156 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-017] 15th–16th centuries CE | HORSE–FIREARM–FORT LOGISTICS
ENTITY: Vijayanagara, Deccan sultanate and oceanic suppliers
ENTITY_TYPE: MILITARY_TECHNOLOGY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Imported horses, artillery, firearms, fort design and specialist soldiers recombine with local military systems. Possession does not equal reliable supply, training or tactical success.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W040–W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MILITARY_TECHNOLOGY_SYSTEM::HORSE_FIREARM_FORT_LOGISTICS
HOST: Deccan and South Indian war/port networks
CARRIER: horses, guns, powder, metal, specialists, capital and transport
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; ARCHIVAL; MATERIAL; ARCHITECTURAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6_TO_7
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_EXTERNAL_SUPPLY_AND_LOCAL_REPRODUCTION
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; ARCHIVAL; MATERIAL; ARCHITECTURAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; quantities and battlefield effects vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S038,SIT.S040,SIT.S041
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G045,SIT.G064,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000157 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-018] 23 January 1565 | TALIKOTA / RAKSHASA-TANGADI DEFEAT
ENTITY: Vijayanagara army and allied Deccan sultanate forces
ENTITY_TYPE: BATTLE_EVENT
EVENT: A Deccan coalition defeats the Vijayanagara field army and its leadership collapses. The battle is a major political threshold, not the end of all southern institutions.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_EVENT
FUNCTION: BATTLE_EVENT::TALIKOTA_RAKSHASA_TANGADI_DEFEAT
HOST: Rakshasa-Tangadi/Talikota campaign field
CARRIER: armies, cavalry, artillery, supplies and command
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: FRACTURE_SHOCK
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; participant counts and exact tactical narratives vary. SIT.U025.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S038,SIT.S039,SIT.S040
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G045,SIT.G064

CA.SIT.000158 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-019] 1565 and aftermath | HAMPI SACK AND URBAN FISSION
ENTITY: Victorious forces, Hampi residents, court, merchants, artisans and sacred institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: URBAN_DESTRUCTION_AND_FISSION
EVENT: The capital is sacked and much court/market activity disperses. Sacred, agrarian and residential functions persist unevenly while imperial administration migrates to other centres.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W041
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CITY_REGION
FUNCTION: URBAN_DESTRUCTION_AND_FISSION::HAMPI_SACK_AND_URBAN_FISSION
HOST: Hampi–Vijayanagara metropolitan region
CARRIER: people, wealth, institutions, records, craft and sacred functions
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7_TO_5
LIFECYCLE: FRACTURE_AND_HOST_MIGRATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; damage and continued occupation vary by zone. SIT.U025.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S039,SIT.S040
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G045,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000159 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-020] 1565–c.1646 CE | ARAVIDU VIJAYANAGARA CONTINUATION
ENTITY: Aravidu rulers, courts, Nayakas and regional communities
ENTITY_TYPE: IMPERIAL_CONTINUATION_AND_DECENTRALISATION
EVENT: Vijayanagara sovereignty continues from Penukonda, Chandragiri and other centres while Nayaka polities gain autonomy. Hampi’s fall and polity end are therefore non-identical.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W041–W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: IMPERIAL_CONTINUATION_AND_DECENTRALISATION::ARAVIDU_VIJAYANAGARA_CONTINUATION
HOST: Southern Andhra and Tamil political networks
CARRIER: rulers, courts, records, military labour, tribute and political legitimacy
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHITECTURAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6_TO_5
LIFECYCLE: REASSEMBLY_AND_DECENTRALISATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHITECTURAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; terminal date and effective reach vary. SIT.U025.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S038,SIT.S040
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G045,SIT.G046,SIT.G047

CA.SIT.000160 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-021] 16th–18th centuries CE | MADURAI NAYAKA SYSTEM
ENTITY: Madurai Nayaka rulers, palaiyakkarars, temples, cultivators and urban communities
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_SUCCESSOR_SYSTEM
EVENT: A successor polity combines military delegation, revenue, temple patronage, tanks, forts and urban building. Authority remains negotiated with local chiefs and institutions.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W041–W043
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_SUCCESSOR_SYSTEM::MADURAI_NAYAKA_SYSTEM
HOST: Madurai and southern Tamil region
CARRIER: rulers, soldiers, revenue assignments, water works, temples and records
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: SUCCESSOR_RELAUNCH
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; office and territorial control vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S088
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G046,SIT.G037,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000161 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-022] 16th–17th centuries CE | THANJAVUR NAYAKA SYSTEM
ENTITY: Thanjavur Nayaka rulers, courts, temples, cultivators, artists and merchants
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_SUCCESSOR_SYSTEM
EVENT: A Kaveri-delta successor state supports irrigation, temples, literature, music and commerce while negotiating Vijayanagara claims and neighbouring powers.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W041–W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_SUCCESSOR_SYSTEM::THANJAVUR_NAYAKA_SYSTEM
HOST: Thanjavur and Kaveri delta
CARRIER: rulers, water, land, texts, performers, temples and merchants
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHITECTURAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; ARCHITECTURAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; institutional reach varies.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S088
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G040,SIT.G047,SIT.G081

CA.SIT.000162 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-023] c.1336–1649 CE; later occupations | GINGEE FORTIFIED CORRIDOR
ENTITY: Gingee rulers, garrisons, workers and successive imperial claimants
ENTITY_TYPE: FORTRESS_AND_ROUTE_SYSTEM
EVENT: A major fortified landscape passes through Vijayanagara, Nayaka, Bijapur, Maratha, Mughal, French and British control claims. Fort capture never equals uniform control of its hinterland.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W039–W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE_COMPLEX
FUNCTION: FORTRESS_AND_ROUTE_SYSTEM::GINGEE_FORTIFIED_CORRIDOR
HOST: Gingee/Senji, northern Tamil region
CARRIER: stone, water, garrisons, artillery, supplies and political claims
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHIVAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: REPEATED_HOST_MIGRATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: ARCHITECTURAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHIVAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; control phases and local effects vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S038,SIT.S043
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G052,SIT.G053

CA.SIT.000163 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-024] c.1399 onward; expanding 16th–18th centuries | MYSORE WODEYAR POLITY
ENTITY: Wodeyar rulers, local chiefs, cultivators, soldiers and institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_STATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Mysore develops from a regional polity within Vijayanagara’s field into an increasingly autonomous state. Later centralisation under Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan is a distinct institutional phase.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W039–W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_STATE_SYSTEM::MYSORE_WODEYAR_POLITY
HOST: Mysore and southern Karnataka
CARRIER: rulers, officials, forts, revenue, armies and institutions
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHIVAL; TEXTUAL; ARCHITECTURAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5_TO_6
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_AND_CLIMB
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHIVAL; TEXTUAL; ARCHITECTURAL
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; early chronology and control vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S085
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G051,SIT.G063

CA.SIT.000164 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-025] 1518–1687 CE | QUTB SHAHI GOLCONDA–COROMANDEL INTERFACE
ENTITY: Qutb Shahi rulers, Telugu-region authorities, merchants, weavers and port communities
ENTITY_TYPE: PERSIANATE_REGIONAL_STATE_AND_TRADE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Golconda links diamond, textile, fort, court and Coromandel trade networks through Persian, Telugu and other languages. Persianate does not denote one ethnicity or imported totality.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W041–W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: PERSIANATE_REGIONAL_STATE_AND_TRADE_SYSTEM::QUTB_SHAHI_GOLCONDA_COROMANDEL_INTERFACE
HOST: Telangana core, Andhra coast and South Indian interfaces
CARRIER: rulers, officials, textiles, diamonds, merchants, languages and ports
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHITECTURAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; coastal control and commercial reach vary. SIT.U026.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S038,SIT.S089,SIT.S090
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G052,SIT.G070,SIT.G075

CA.SIT.000165 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-026] 1674 CE onward | FRENCH PUDUCHERRY HOST
ENTITY: French East India Company, local rulers, merchants, workers and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: COLONIAL_PORT_AND_URBAN_SYSTEM
EVENT: A French commercial settlement grows through negotiated grants, fortification, war and urban labour. Colonial title, effective control and local society change across multiple occupations.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W042–W053
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_PORT_CITY
FUNCTION: COLONIAL_PORT_AND_URBAN_SYSTEM::FRENCH_PUDUCHERRY_HOST
HOST: Puducherry/Pondicherry
CARRIER: capital, ships, officials, soldiers, workers, buildings and law
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; ARCHITECTURAL; LEGAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_COLONIAL_POINT_AND_ENCLAVE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_TO_DECOLONISATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; ARCHITECTURAL; LEGAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; control interruptions and boundary changes tracked separately. SIT.U027.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S041,SIT.S043
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G054,SIT.G072

CA.SIT.000166 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-027] 1639–1640 CE | MADRAS FORT–FACTORY FOUNDATION
ENTITY: English East India Company, Nayaka authorities, merchants, weavers, fishers and workers
ENTITY_TYPE: CORPORATE_PORT_EVENT
EVENT: A grant enables Fort St George and an English factory at Madras. The point remains dependent on Indian production, labour and political negotiation before territorial expansion.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_PORT_CITY
FUNCTION: CORPORATE_PORT_EVENT::MADRAS_FORT_FACTORY_FOUNDATION
HOST: Madras/Chennai coast
CARRIER: charter, grant, capital, fort labour, textiles, merchants and ships
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; LEGAL; ARCHITECTURAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_FORT_POINT_NOT_REGIONAL_SOVEREIGNTY
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: CORPORATE_TAKEOFF
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; LEGAL; ARCHITECTURAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; foundation narratives do not erase pre-existing settlements. SIT.U027.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S042,SIT.S043,SIT.S044
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G065

CA.SIT.000167 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-028] 1620 CE onward | DANISH TRANQUEBAR SETTLEMENT
ENTITY: Danish Crown/company, Thanjavur rulers, merchants, residents and mission institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: COLONIAL_PORT_AND_MEDIA_HOST
EVENT: Danish Tranquebar begins through treaty and commerce; later Protestant mission and printing give a small enclave outsized media effects.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W042
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_PORT_TOWN
FUNCTION: COLONIAL_PORT_AND_MEDIA_HOST::DANISH_TRANQUEBAR_SETTLEMENT
HOST: Tharangambadi/Tranquebar, Coromandel Coast
CARRIER: treaty, ships, capital, missionaries, type, paper, workers and language knowledge
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; LEGAL; ARCHITECTURAL; PRINT; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; LEGAL; ARCHITECTURAL; PRINT
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; enclave control and inland influence differ. SIT.U027.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S041,SIT.S043
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G014,SIT.G065,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000168 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-029] 1658–1795 CE, locally phased | DUTCH VOC COASTAL NETWORK
ENTITY: VOC, local rulers, merchants, producers and port workers
ENTITY_TYPE: CORPORATE_MARITIME_SYSTEM
EVENT: Dutch forts and contracts compete for pepper, textiles and other goods on Malabar and Coromandel coasts. Factory presence and monopoly claim do not equal complete territorial control.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W042–W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: CORPORATE_MARITIME_SYSTEM::DUTCH_VOC_COASTAL_NETWORK
HOST: Malabar and Coromandel port network
CARRIER: capital, ships, contracts, soldiers, goods and port labour
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; ARCHITECTURAL; ECONOMIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; ARCHITECTURAL; ECONOMIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; effective monopoly and local compliance vary. SIT.U027.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S041,SIT.S043
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G048,SIT.G049,SIT.G053,SIT.G054,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000169 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-030] 1674–1855 CE | MARATHA THANJAVUR COURT
ENTITY: Bhonsle rulers, Tamil–Marathi–Telugu–Sanskrit scholars, artists and Kaveri communities
ENTITY_TYPE: MULTILINGUAL_REGIONAL_STATE
EVENT: A Maratha-ruled successor court patronises manuscripts, music, medicine and performance within Kaveri agrarian systems. Dynastic origin does not make the state culturally singular.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W042–W046
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CITY_REGION
FUNCTION: MULTILINGUAL_REGIONAL_STATE::MARATHA_THANJAVUR_COURT
HOST: Thanjavur and Kaveri delta
CARRIER: rulers, land revenue, manuscripts, performers, temples and schools
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; TEXTUAL; MANUSCRIPT; EPIGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; TEXTUAL; MANUSCRIPT; EPIGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; patronage and access vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S007,SIT.S088
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G040,SIT.G047,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000170 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-031] 1729–1758 CE | MARTHANDA VARMA AND TRAVANCORE CENTRALISATION
ENTITY: Marthanda Varma, Nair military/service groups, temple institutions, cultivators and neighbouring polities
ENTITY_TYPE: REGIONAL_STATE_CENTRALISATION
EVENT: Military expansion, revenue reorganisation and royal-temple integration build a stronger Travancore state. Central capability brings coercion, labour and land dependencies.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W043–W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: REGIONAL_STATE_CENTRALISATION::MARTHANDA_VARMA_AND_TRAVANCORE_CENTRALISATION
HOST: Southern Kerala and adjoining Tamil zones
CARRIER: armies, taxes, land, temple authority, roads and administration
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: CLIMB_AND_CENTRALISATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; social effects and earlier institutional continuities vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S085,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G050,SIT.G068

CA.SIT.000171 | [VIJAYANAGARA_EARLY_MODERN-032] 10 August 1741 | BATTLE OF COLACHEL
ENTITY: Travancore forces and Dutch East India Company forces
ENTITY_TYPE: BATTLE_EVENT
EVENT: Travancore defeats a Dutch expedition at Colachel, constraining VOC military leverage in the region. One battle does not by itself end Dutch commerce or European power.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W043
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME3_HISTORICAL
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_EVENT
FUNCTION: BATTLE_EVENT::BATTLE_OF_COLACHEL
HOST: Colachel, present Kanyakumari district
CARRIER: soldiers, artillery, ships, supplies and command
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; MATERIAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: MILITARY_CONSOLIDATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; MATERIAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; battle narratives and casualty counts vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S085,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G050,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000172 | [COLONIAL-001] 1746–1763 CE | CARNATIC WARS
ENTITY: French and British companies, Arcot nawabs, Hyderabad claimants, southern rulers and civilian communities
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERSTATE_AND_CORPORATE_WAR_SYSTEM
EVENT: European company rivalry becomes entangled with succession and regional politics, expanding trained armies and fiscal dependency. Indian actors are allies, rivals and strategists, not passive proxies.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W043–W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERSTATE_AND_CORPORATE_WAR_SYSTEM::CARNATIC_WARS
HOST: Carnatic, Coromandel and Deccan interfaces
CARRIER: armies, sepoys, artillery, capital, fortifications and political claims
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; MILITARY; LEGAL; TEXTUAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: CORPORATE_MILITARY_CLIMB
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; MILITARY; LEGAL; TEXTUAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; alliance and sovereignty change rapidly. SIT.U027.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S042,SIT.S043,SIT.S044
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G052,SIT.G053,SIT.G054,SIT.G065

CA.SIT.000173 | [COLONIAL-002] 1724–1948 CE, changing autonomy | HYDERABAD NIZAM STATE
ENTITY: Asaf Jahi rulers, officials, jagirdars, cultivators, soldiers and Hyderabad residents
ENTITY_TYPE: PRINCELY_STATE_SYSTEM
EVENT: A Deccan state navigates Mughal succession, Maratha pressure, company alliances and later British paramountcy. Formal sovereignty, subsidiary alliance and internal control remain separate.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W043–W053
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: PRINCELY_STATE_SYSTEM::HYDERABAD_NIZAM_STATE
HOST: Hyderabad state and Telugu–Karnataka interfaces
CARRIER: court, revenue, armies, land rights, treaties and administration
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; LEGAL; NUMISMATIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6
LIFECYCLE: REASSEMBLY_TO_INTEGRATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; LEGAL; NUMISMATIC; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; regional lived control varies. SIT.U027.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S038,SIT.S043
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G052,SIT.G070

CA.SIT.000174 | [COLONIAL-003] 1767–1799 CE | ANGLO–MYSORE WAR SYSTEM
ENTITY: Mysore under Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan, East India Company, allied states and civilian communities
ENTITY_TYPE: PROLONGED_INTERSTATE_WAR
EVENT: Four wars pit a centralising Mysore state against company coalitions. Diplomacy, rockets, cavalry, forts, finance and supply shape outcomes; war burdens land and people.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RECURRING
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: PROLONGED_INTERSTATE_WAR::ANGLO_MYSORE_WAR_SYSTEM
HOST: Mysore, Carnatic, Malabar and southern Deccan
CARRIER: armies, rockets, artillery, grain, capital, roads, forts and intelligence
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; MILITARY; MATERIAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6_TO_7
LIFECYCLE: WAR_DRIVEN_CENTRALISATION_AND_STRAIN
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; MILITARY; MATERIAL; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; atrocities, motives and numbers require source comparison.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S042,SIT.S043,SIT.S085,SIT.S086
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G051,SIT.G053,SIT.G065

CA.SIT.000175 | [COLONIAL-004] c.1760s–1799 CE | MYSOREAN IRON-CASED ROCKETS
ENTITY: Mysorean armourers, artillery corps and military institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: MILITARY_TECHNOLOGY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Iron-cased rockets combine metal craft, propellant knowledge, manufacture, training and tactical organisation. British study and adaptation after 1799 are functional transfer, not independent invention.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_TECHNICAL_NETWORK
FUNCTION: MILITARY_TECHNOLOGY_SYSTEM::MYSOREAN_IRON_CASED_ROCKETS
HOST: Mysore state and Anglo-Mysore battlefields
CARRIER: iron cases, propellant, launch equipment, artisans, soldiers and documents
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=MATERIAL; ARCHIVAL; SCIENTIFIC_HISTORY; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: MATERIAL; ARCHIVAL; SCIENTIFIC_HISTORY
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; performance and deployment scale vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S086,SIT.S043
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G001,SIT.G051,SIT.G065

CA.SIT.000176 | [COLONIAL-005] 4 May 1799 | FALL OF SRIRANGAPATNA AND TIPU SULTAN
ENTITY: Tipu Sultan, Mysore defenders, Company-allied forces and civilians
ENTITY_TYPE: BATTLE_AND_REGIME_CHANGE
EVENT: Company-allied forces storm Srirangapatna and Tipu Sultan is killed. Mysore is repartitioned and the Wodeyar dynasty restored under constrained sovereignty.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W044
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_EVENT
FUNCTION: BATTLE_AND_REGIME_CHANGE::FALL_OF_SRIRANGAPATNA_AND_TIPU_SULTAN
HOST: Srirangapatna and Mysore
CARRIER: armies, artillery, fortifications, civilians, treaties and administrative plans
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; MATERIAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_CONQUEST_AND_SUBSIDIARY_RULE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7_TO_6
LIFECYCLE: DEFEAT_AND_IMPOSED_REASSEMBLY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; MATERIAL; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; plunder, casualty and civilian-effect estimates vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S042,SIT.S043,SIT.S085
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G051,SIT.G065

CA.SIT.000177 | [COLONIAL-006] late 18th–early 19th centuries | POLIGAR / PALAIYAKKARAR WARS
ENTITY: Palaiyakkarars, Company forces, local armies, cultivators and communities
ENTITY_TYPE: WAR_AND_REVENUE_RESTRUCTURING
EVENT: Company attempts to standardise tribute and disarm local military-revenue chiefs provoke resistance and warfare. Later nationalist memory selects heroes but the conflicts remain locally varied.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W044–W045
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: WAR_AND_REVENUE_RESTRUCTURING::POLIGAR_PALAIYAKKARAR_WARS
HOST: Southern Tamil region
CARRIER: chiefs, armies, forts, tax claims, grain and political memory
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; MATERIAL; ORAL_MEMORY; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_5_TO_6
LIFECYCLE: RESISTANCE_AND_SUPPRESSION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; MATERIAL; ORAL_MEMORY
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; motives, alliances and local participation vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S044,SIT.S047
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G046,SIT.G065

CA.SIT.000178 | [COLONIAL-007] 1792–1801 CE | COMPANY REVENUE SOVEREIGNTY IN THE CARNATIC
ENTITY: East India Company, Arcot nawab, revenue officials, landlords and cultivators
ENTITY_TYPE: CORPORATE_STATE_TRANSITION
EVENT: Treaties, debt and war allow the Company to absorb revenue and administrative control. Corporate finance becomes territorial sovereignty through staged legal and military mechanisms.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W044–W045
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: CORPORATE_STATE_TRANSITION::COMPANY_REVENUE_SOVEREIGNTY_IN_THE_CARNATIC
HOST: Carnatic and Madras hinterland
CARRIER: treaties, debt, troops, tax records, officials and coercion
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ARCHIVAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_CORPORATE_COLONIAL_SOVEREIGNTY
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: CORPORATE_TAKEOVER
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ARCHIVAL; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; effective village control remains uneven. SIT.U027.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S042,SIT.S043,SIT.S044
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G065,SIT.G066

CA.SIT.000179 | [COLONIAL-008] principally 1820s onward | RYOTWARI REVENUE SYSTEM
ENTITY: Colonial state, surveyors, village officers and cultivators
ENTITY_TYPE: LAND_REVENUE_AND_CLASSIFICATION_SYSTEM
EVENT: Ryotwari assessment addresses cultivators as revenue holders while surveying land and fixing state demand. Formal individualisation does not remove intermediaries, debt, ecological risk or coercion.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W045–W053
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: LAND_REVENUE_AND_CLASSIFICATION_SYSTEM::RYOTWARI_REVENUE_SYSTEM
HOST: Madras Presidency and related southern districts
CARRIER: surveys, maps, records, cash demand, officials and cultivator labour
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; ECONOMIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_SURVEYED_COLONIAL_REVENUE
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; ECONOMIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; implementation and burden vary by district and season.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S044,SIT.S091
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G066

CA.SIT.000180 | [COLONIAL-009] 1800s–late 19th century | COLONIAL SURVEY AND KNOWLEDGE STATE
ENTITY: Surveyors, collectors, translators, pandits, munshis, map-makers and classified communities
ENTITY_TYPE: KNOWLEDGE_AND_CONTROL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Mapping, revenue survey, ethnography, archaeology and census convert landscapes and communities into administrative information. Knowledge increases state reach while hardening selective categories.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W045–W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: KNOWLEDGE_AND_CONTROL_SYSTEM::COLONIAL_SURVEY_AND_KNOWLEDGE_STATE
HOST: Madras Presidency, Mysore, Travancore, Cochin and Hyderabad interfaces
CARRIER: people, measurements, maps, texts, specimens, classifications and archives
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; CARTOGRAPHIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; HISTORIOGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: CONTROL_SURFACE_EXPANSION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; CARTOGRAPHIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; HISTORIOGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; classified subjects retain independent identity authority. SIT.U029.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S044,SIT.S046,SIT.S091
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G066,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000181 | [COLONIAL-010] early–mid 19th century | MADRAS PRESIDENCY LEGAL–ADMINISTRATIVE EXPANSION
ENTITY: Colonial courts, collectors, police, municipalities and governed communities
ENTITY_TYPE: COLONIAL_ADMINISTRATIVE_SYSTEM
EVENT: Districts, courts, police and codified procedure extend a Presidency control surface. Formal uniformity overlays princely states, customary practices and unequal access to remedy.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W045–W046
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: COLONIAL_ADMINISTRATIVE_SYSTEM::MADRAS_PRESIDENCY_LEGAL_ADMINISTRATIVE_EXPANSION
HOST: Madras Presidency
CARRIER: law, officials, police, records, prisons and petitions
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_COLONIAL_BUREAUCRATIC
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; lived reach and justice access vary. SIT.U027.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S044
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G066

CA.SIT.000182 | [COLONIAL-011] 1817–1858 CE | MISSION, PRINT AND VERNACULAR PROSE EXPANSION
ENTITY: Missionaries, printers, Tamil/Malayalam/Kannada/Telugu scholars, teachers and readers
ENTITY_TYPE: MEDIA_AND_EDUCATION_SYSTEM
EVENT: Grammar, translation, schools and print expand reproducible text while serving religious and colonial projects. Local scholars and readers adapt, contest and redirect the medium.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W045–W046
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MEDIA_AND_EDUCATION_SYSTEM::MISSION_PRINT_AND_VERNACULAR_PROSE_EXPANSION
HOST: Tranquebar, Madras, Kerala, Karnataka and Telugu regions
CARRIER: type, paper, presses, language knowledge, teachers, pupils and capital
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=PRINT; ARCHIVAL; TEXTUAL; EDUCATIONAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_6_TO_7
LIFECYCLE: MEDIA_TAKEOFF
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: PRINT; ARCHIVAL; TEXTUAL; EDUCATIONAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; literacy and access remain unequal.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S046,SIT.S088
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G054,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000183 | [COLONIAL-012] 1853–1900 CE | RAIL–PORT–TELEGRAPH INTEGRATION
ENTITY: Colonial state, companies, workers, merchants, passengers and affected communities
ENTITY_TYPE: TRANSPORT_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEM
EVENT: Railways, improved ports and telegraph reduce selected travel and communication times, intensify commodity movement and military reach, and create new land, labour and maintenance dependencies.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W046–W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: TRANSPORT_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEM::RAIL_PORT_TELEGRAPH_INTEGRATION
HOST: Madras Presidency and southern princely states
CARRIER: track, locomotives, fuel, wire, ports, workers, capital and information
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; ENGINEERING; ECONOMIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: NETWORK_TAKEOFF
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; ENGINEERING; ECONOMIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; social reach and opportunity costs vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S044,SIT.S046
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G054,SIT.G066

CA.SIT.000184 | [COLONIAL-013] 19th century | PLANTATION COMMODITY REGIMES
ENTITY: Planters, colonial/princely states, migrant workers, forest communities and markets
ENTITY_TYPE: EXTRACTIVE_AGRICULTURAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Coffee, tea, rubber and other plantation crops transform Ghats and uplands through land control, wage labour, migration, roads and export finance. Output does not include lost forest or worker autonomy.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W045–W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: EXTRACTIVE_AGRICULTURAL_SYSTEM::PLANTATION_COMMODITY_REGIMES
HOST: Nilgiris, Wayanad, Coorg, Travancore and other uplands
CARRIER: plants, land, labour, roads, capital and export contracts
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; ECONOMIC; ENVIRONMENTAL; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_COLONIAL_AND_PRINCELY_LAND_REALLOCATION
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: CLIMB_WITH_ECOLOGICAL_DEBT
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; ECONOMIC; ENVIRONMENTAL; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; labour conditions and ecological effects vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S044,SIT.S046
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G006,SIT.G087

CA.SIT.000185 | [COLONIAL-014] 1865–1927 CE and after | FOREST LAW AND COMMUNITY DISPOSSESSION
ENTITY: Colonial forest departments, princely administrations, forest communities and commercial users
ENTITY_TYPE: LAND_AND_RESOURCE_CONTROL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Reserved forests and scientific forestry restrict customary access while directing timber and watershed control toward state goals. Forest management creates capability for some users and dispossession for others.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W046–W050
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: LAND_AND_RESOURCE_CONTROL_SYSTEM::FOREST_LAW_AND_COMMUNITY_DISPOSSESSION
HOST: Western/Eastern Ghats and southern forests
CARRIER: law, maps, guards, timber, labour and customary knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=LAND_AND_WATER_REALLOCATION; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_TERRITORIALISED_RESOURCE_CONTROL
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ENVIRONMENTAL; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; local arrangements and resistance vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S046,SIT.S063
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G005,SIT.G087

CA.SIT.000186 | [COLONIAL-015] 1876–1878 CE | GREAT FAMINE IN SOUTHERN INDIA
ENTITY: Drought-affected households, labourers, cultivators, colonial/princely states, traders and relief systems
ENTITY_TYPE: FAMINE_AND_GOVERNANCE_CRISIS
EVENT: Monsoon failure interacts with prices, debt, export, public policy, disease and inadequate relief to cause mass mortality and migration. Exact deaths remain estimated; causation is neither climate-only nor policy-only.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: FAMINE_AND_GOVERNANCE_CRISIS::GREAT_FAMINE_IN_SOUTHERN_INDIA
HOST: Madras Presidency, Mysore, Hyderabad and adjoining regions
CARRIER: food, water, disease, people, prices, rail, policy and relief
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; CLIMATE; TESTIMONIAL; ECONOMIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_COLONIAL_RELIEF_AND_MARKET
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7_WITH_BASEFLOOR_FAILURE
LIFECYCLE: CATASTROPHIC_FAILURE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; CLIMATE; TESTIMONIAL; ECONOMIC
CLAIM_STATUS: CONVERGENT_WITH_ESTIMATED_MORTALITY
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for catastrophe; B/C for mortality totals and causal weighting. SIT.U028.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S045,SIT.S043,SIT.S044
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G066,SIT.G088

CA.SIT.000187 | [COLONIAL-016] 1857–1900 CE | UNIVERSITIES AND MODERN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
ENTITY: University of Madras, colleges, schools, teachers, students and excluded populations
ENTITY_TYPE: EDUCATION_SYSTEM
EVENT: Examination, degree and professional institutions expand a modern credential host while access remains highly unequal by caste, gender, class, language and region.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W046–W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: EDUCATION_SYSTEM::UNIVERSITIES_AND_MODERN_PROFESSIONAL_EDUCATION
HOST: Madras and wider southern educational networks
CARRIER: teachers, students, books, curricula, examinations and public/private finance
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EDUCATIONAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: INSTITUTIONAL_TAKEOFF
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EDUCATIONAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; enrolment does not equal capability reach.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S046,SIT.S047
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G066,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000188 | [COLONIAL-017] late 19th century | CENSUS, CASTE AND LANGUAGE CLASSIFICATION
ENTITY: Colonial census officials, enumerators and self-described/classified populations
ENTITY_TYPE: ADMINISTRATIVE_INFORMATION_SYSTEM
EVENT: Censuses standardise caste, tribe, religion and language categories for governance. Classification modifies political identity and resource claims without inventing every prior hierarchy or fixing living identities.
TEMPORAL_FORM: RECURRING
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_DATASET
FUNCTION: ADMINISTRATIVE_INFORMATION_SYSTEM::CENSUS_CASTE_AND_LANGUAGE_CLASSIFICATION
HOST: Madras Presidency and southern princely states
CARRIER: questions, enumerators, answers, categories, tables and policy
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=DEMOGRAPHIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: CLASSIFICATION_SURFACE_EXPANSION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: DEMOGRAPHIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; categories and counts are administrative observations. SIT.U029.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S091,SIT.S093
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G066,SIT.G079,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000189 | [COLONIAL-018] c.1860s–1900 CE | INDENTURE AND OVERSEAS LABOUR MOVEMENT
ENTITY: Tamil and other South Indian indentured/migrant workers, recruiters, colonial employers and families
ENTITY_TYPE: COERCED_AND_CONTRACTED_PERSON_MOVEMENT
EVENT: Workers move to Ceylon, Malaya, Mauritius, South Africa and other colonies under contracts shaped by poverty and coercive regulation. Migration creates diasporas while redistributing care and risk.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W046–W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: COERCED_AND_CONTRACTED_PERSON_MOVEMENT::INDENTURE_AND_OVERSEAS_LABOUR_MOVEMENT
HOST: South India and British/French imperial labour routes
CARRIER: people, contracts, ships, recruiters, wages and family ties
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_CONTRACTUAL_AND_COLONIAL_COERCION
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: DIASPORA_FORMATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: PERSON_MOVEMENT
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; voluntary/coercive spectrum and totals vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S044
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G065,SIT.G073,SIT.G075

CA.SIT.000190 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-001] 1888 CE and aftermath | ARUVIPPURAM CONSECRATION AND NARAYANA GURU
ENTITY: Narayana Guru, Ezhava and other devotees, reform institutions and opponents
ENTITY_TYPE: RELIGIOUS_AND_SOCIAL_REFORM_EVENT
EVENT: Narayana Guru’s Aruvippuram consecration challenges monopolies over ritual authority and becomes a durable anti-caste reform reference. Symbolic access and material equality remain different outcomes.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W047
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: RELIGIOUS_AND_SOCIAL_REFORM_EVENT::ARUVIPPURAM_CONSECRATION_AND_NARAYANA_GURU
HOST: Aruvippuram and Kerala reform networks
CARRIER: persons, ritual act, teaching, institutions and public memory
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; TEXTUAL; INSTITUTIONAL_MEMORY; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: REFORM_TAKEOFF
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; TEXTUAL; INSTITUTIONAL_MEMORY
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; later movement meanings vary. SIT.U030.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S050,SIT.S051,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G050,SIT.G068,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000191 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-002] 1903 CE onward | SNDP YOGAM ORGANISATION
ENTITY: Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam, members, schools and reform networks
ENTITY_TYPE: SOCIAL_ORGANISATION
EVENT: A durable organisation turns religious-social reform into education, association, representation and economic action. Organisational reach does not make all community interests identical.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W048–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: SOCIAL_ORGANISATION::SNDP_YOGAM_ORGANISATION
HOST: Kerala and diaspora networks
CARRIER: members, dues, schools, print, meetings and political claims
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; ORGANISATIONAL; PRINT; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: INSTITUTIONALISATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; ORGANISATIONAL; PRINT
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; social reach changes through time.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S050,SIT.S051
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G068,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000192 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-003] c.1893–1941 CE | AYYANKALI MOBILITY, SCHOOL AND LABOUR STRUGGLES
ENTITY: Ayyankali, Pulaya agricultural workers, students, organisers and Travancore authorities
ENTITY_TYPE: ANTI_CASTE_AND_LABOUR_MOVEMENT
EVENT: Public-road assertion, education campaigns and agricultural-labour organisation challenge caste exclusion in Travancore. Movement memory must retain collective participants beyond one leader.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W047–W052
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: ANTI_CASTE_AND_LABOUR_MOVEMENT::AYYANKALI_MOBILITY_SCHOOL_AND_LABOUR_STRUGGLES
HOST: Travancore and Kerala
CARRIER: people, carts, schools, strikes, petitions and organisations
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; TESTIMONIAL; PRINT; MOVEMENT_MEMORY; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: REFORM_AND_COLLECTIVE_ACTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; TESTIMONIAL; PRINT; MOVEMENT_MEMORY
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; exact dates and participation vary. SIT.U030.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S050,SIT.S051
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G050,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000193 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-004] c.1880s–1914 CE | IYOTHEE THASS AND SAKYA BUDDHIST–DRAVIDIAN CRITIQUE
ENTITY: Iyothee Thass, readers, activists and oppressed-caste publics
ENTITY_TYPE: ANTI_CASTE_INTELLECTUAL_AND_MEDIA_SYSTEM
EVENT: Print, history, Buddhism and the language of Dravidian/Tamil identity are used to reject caste subordination and reclaim political subjecthood. These categories are intellectual-political, not biological race claims.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W047–W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: ANTI_CASTE_INTELLECTUAL_AND_MEDIA_SYSTEM::IYOTHEE_THASS_AND_SAKYA_BUDDHIST_DRAVIDIAN_CRITIQUE
HOST: Madras and Tamil public sphere
CARRIER: newspapers, organisations, readers, religious history and political vocabulary
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=PRINT; ARCHIVAL; INTELLECTUAL_HISTORY; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: COUNTER_PUBLIC_FORMATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: PRINT; ARCHIVAL; INTELLECTUAL_HISTORY
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; readership and later appropriation vary. SIT.U030; SIT.U040.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S049,SIT.S050
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G079,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000194 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-005] late 19th–early 20th centuries | WOMEN’S EDUCATION AND ASSOCIATIONAL REFORM
ENTITY: Women students, teachers, reformers, missionaries, families and institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: GENDER_AND_EDUCATION_TRANSFORMATION
EVENT: Schools, colleges, print and associations expand women’s education and public participation while caste, class, religion and domestic labour shape access.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W047–W050
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: GENDER_AND_EDUCATION_TRANSFORMATION::WOMEN_S_EDUCATION_AND_ASSOCIATIONAL_REFORM
HOST: Southern presidencies and princely states
CARRIER: students, teachers, schools, print, household labour and finance
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EDUCATIONAL; ARCHIVAL; PRINT; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EDUCATIONAL; ARCHIVAL; PRINT; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; aggregate enrolment hides unequal reach.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S046,SIT.S051
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G066,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000195 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-006] 1902 CE | SHIVANASAMUDRA HYDROELECTRIC SYSTEM
ENTITY: Mysore state, engineers, workers, Kaveri water system and mining/urban consumers
ENTITY_TYPE: ENERGY_INFRASTRUCTURE
EVENT: Early hydroelectric generation supplies Kolar Gold Fields and later wider users, joining river flow, engineering and industrial demand. Capacity depends on water, grid, maintenance and labour.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: ENERGY_INFRASTRUCTURE::SHIVANASAMUDRA_HYDROELECTRIC_SYSTEM
HOST: Shivanasamudra, Kaveri basin and Mysore industrial network
CARRIER: water, turbines, lines, engineers, workers and capital
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ENGINEERING; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: INFRASTRUCTURE_TAKEOFF
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: ENGINEERING; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; output and distribution change by phase.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S046,SIT.S085
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G007,SIT.G051,SIT.G055

CA.SIT.000196 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-007] 1909 CE onward | INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE HOST
ENTITY: Indian Institute of Science, patrons, scientists, students and laboratories
ENTITY_TYPE: SCIENCE_AND_EDUCATION_INSTITUTION
EVENT: A research institution in Bengaluru builds laboratory, teaching and industrial-science capability through public, princely and philanthropic support. Prestige does not equal universal education access.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W048–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_INSTITUTION
FUNCTION: SCIENCE_AND_EDUCATION_INSTITUTION::INDIAN_INSTITUTE_OF_SCIENCE_HOST
HOST: Bengaluru and national/international science networks
CARRIER: scientists, students, laboratories, instruments, texts and finance
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=INSTITUTIONAL; ARCHIVAL; SCIENTIFIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7_TO_8
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_TO_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: INSTITUTIONAL; ARCHIVAL; SCIENTIFIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; capability and inclusion vary by period.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S046,SIT.S062
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G055

CA.SIT.000197 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-008] 1906–1911 CE | SWADESHI STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY
ENTITY: V. O. Chidambaram Pillai, Indian investors, workers, passengers and British commercial/state rivals
ENTITY_TYPE: ANTI_COLONIAL_CORPORATE_EVENT
EVENT: An Indian-owned shipping venture challenges British monopoly on the Tuticorin–Colombo route, linking economic nationalism to labour and maritime capability before repression and financial failure.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W048
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: ANTI_COLONIAL_CORPORATE_EVENT::SWADESHI_STEAM_NAVIGATION_COMPANY
HOST: Thoothukudi–Colombo route
CARRIER: ships, capital, workers, passengers, print and legal coercion
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; LEGAL; PRINT; ECONOMIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: TAKEOFF_SUPPRESSION_AND_LEGACY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; LEGAL; PRINT; ECONOMIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; business and political causation interact.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S047
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G015,SIT.G053,SIT.G073

CA.SIT.000198 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-009] 1916 CE onward | SOUTH INDIAN LIBERAL FEDERATION / JUSTICE PARTY
ENTITY: Non-Brahmin elites, organisers, voters, newspapers and Madras Presidency institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITICAL_PARTY_AND_REPRESENTATION_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Justice Party converts non-Brahmin representation claims into electoral and administrative action, including communal reservation policies. Its elite composition and social reach remain contested.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W049–W050
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: POLITICAL_PARTY_AND_REPRESENTATION_SYSTEM::SOUTH_INDIAN_LIBERAL_FEDERATION_JUSTICE_PARTY
HOST: Madras Presidency
CARRIER: members, newspapers, elections, offices, policy and caste categories
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; ELECTORAL; PRINT; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: PARTY_FORMATION_AND_GOVERNANCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; ELECTORAL; PRINT; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; “non-Brahmin” is a political coalition, not one social bloc. SIT.U029; SIT.U030.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S047,SIT.S049,SIT.S092
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000199 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-010] 1918 CE onward | MADRAS LABOUR UNION AND INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION
ENTITY: Textile workers, labour organisers, mill owners and colonial authorities
ENTITY_TYPE: LABOUR_MOVEMENT
EVENT: Early durable union organisation at Buckingham and Carnatic Mills makes wage, hours and worker representation politically legible. Formal union presence does not include all informal or caste-segmented labour.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W050
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: LABOUR_MOVEMENT::MADRAS_LABOUR_UNION_AND_INDUSTRIAL_ORGANISATION
HOST: Madras industrial districts
CARRIER: workers, dues, meetings, strikes, print and legal rules
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; LABOUR; PRINT; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: COLLECTIVE_ACTION_TAKEOFF
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; LABOUR; PRINT; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; membership and worker experience vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S047
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000200 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-011] 1921 CE | MALABAR REBELLION / MAPPILA UPRISING
ENTITY: Mappila peasants and rebels, landlords, colonial forces, nationalist actors and civilians
ENTITY_TYPE: REBELLION_AND_MASS_VIOLENCE_FIELD
EVENT: Agrarian grievance, anti-colonial revolt, religious mobilisation and wartime repression combine in a violent uprising with killings, forced displacement and contested memory. One label cannot exhaust the event.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W050
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: REBELLION_AND_MASS_VIOLENCE_FIELD::MALABAR_REBELLION_MAPPILA_UPRISING
HOST: Malabar, present Kerala
CARRIER: people, arms, land claims, religious/political information, police and military force
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; LEGAL; TESTIMONIAL; DEMOGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7_WITH_BASEFLOOR_FAILURE
LIFECYCLE: REBELLION_REPRESSION_AND_MEMORY_CONFLICT
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; LEGAL; TESTIMONIAL; DEMOGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_CONTESTED_INTERPRETATION
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for major events; motives, casualty and coercion details require multi-source review.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S051,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G048,SIT.G068,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000201 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-012] 1924–1925 CE | VAIKOM SATYAGRAHA
ENTITY: Anti-caste protesters, local communities, Travancore state, caste-Hindu institutions and national leaders
ENTITY_TYPE: CIVIL_RESISTANCE_EVENT
EVENT: Sustained protest challenges road-access exclusion around the Vaikom temple. Partial access gains become a wider anti-untouchability precedent; temple entry itself remains a later issue.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W050
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_EVENT
FUNCTION: CIVIL_RESISTANCE_EVENT::VAIKOM_SATYAGRAHA
HOST: Vaikom, Travancore
CARRIER: protesters, roads, petitions, policing, negotiation and public opinion
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; PRINT; TESTIMONIAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_CAMPAIGN_WITH_PARTIAL_GAIN
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; PRINT; TESTIMONIAL; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; participant motivations and later appropriation vary. SIT.U030.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S050,SIT.S051
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G050,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000202 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-013] 1925 CE onward | SELF-RESPECT MOVEMENT
ENTITY: Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, organisers, women activists, readers and participants
ENTITY_TYPE: ANTI_CASTE_AND_SOCIAL_REFORM_MOVEMENT
EVENT: The movement attacks caste, Brahminical authority, patriarchy and religious hierarchy through print, meetings, self-respect marriages and political organisation. Internal positions and later party inheritances change.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W050–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: ANTI_CASTE_AND_SOCIAL_REFORM_MOVEMENT::SELF_RESPECT_MOVEMENT
HOST: Tamil region and diaspora/public networks
CARRIER: people, newspapers, speeches, marriages, organisations and political concepts
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=PRINT; ARCHIVAL; TESTIMONIAL; POLITICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: MOVEMENT_REPRODUCTION_AND_FISSION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: PRINT; ARCHIVAL; TESTIMONIAL; POLITICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; social uptake and contested legacy vary. SIT.U030.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S047,SIT.S048,SIT.S049,SIT.S092
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G079,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000203 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-014] 1930 CE | VEDARANYAM SALT SATYAGRAHA
ENTITY: C. Rajagopalachari-led marchers, salt workers, colonial authorities and local supporters
ENTITY_TYPE: CIVIL_DISOBEDIENCE_EVENT
EVENT: A march to Vedaranyam challenges the colonial salt monopoly and connects Tamil districts to the wider Civil Disobedience Movement. Political symbolism rests on a material BaseFloor commodity.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W051
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_EVENT
FUNCTION: CIVIL_DISOBEDIENCE_EVENT::VEDARANYAM_SALT_SATYAGRAHA
HOST: Tiruchirappalli–Vedaranyam route
CARRIER: people, salt, roads, print, policing and legal claims
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; PRINT; PHOTOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: CIVIL_RESISTANCE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; PRINT; PHOTOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; participation and local effects vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S047
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G014,SIT.G053,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000204 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-015] 12 November 1936 | TRAVANCORE TEMPLE ENTRY PROCLAMATION
ENTITY: Travancore state, formerly excluded Hindu communities, temple institutions and reform movements
ENTITY_TYPE: LEGAL_AND_SOCIAL_REPAIR_EVENT
EVENT: A proclamation opens state-controlled Hindu temples in Travancore to communities previously excluded by caste. Legal doorway expansion is major but does not complete social equality.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W051
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z4_LEGAL_EVENT
FUNCTION: LEGAL_AND_SOCIAL_REPAIR_EVENT::TRAVANCORE_TEMPLE_ENTRY_PROCLAMATION
HOST: Travancore
CARRIER: law, temples, officials, worshippers and movement pressure
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_STATE_OPENING_WITH_SOCIAL_GAPS
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: LEGAL_REPAIR
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; implementation and lived access varied. SIT.U030.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S050,SIT.S051,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G050,SIT.G081,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000205 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-016] 1937–1940 CE | FIRST MAJOR ANTI-HINDI AGITATION
ENTITY: Tamil activists, Self-Respect/Justice networks, students, Madras government and police
ENTITY_TYPE: LANGUAGE_POLICY_CONFLICT
EVENT: Compulsory Hindi policy in provincial schools triggers protest, imprisonment and deaths, making language a mass-political and federal issue. Resistance does not imply hostility to multilingual learning itself.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W051–W052
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: LANGUAGE_POLICY_CONFLICT::FIRST_MAJOR_ANTI_HINDI_AGITATION
HOST: Madras Presidency, principally Tamil districts
CARRIER: students, teachers, policy, print, protest and policing
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ADMINISTRATIVE; PRINT; ARCHIVAL; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: MASS_MOBILISATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ADMINISTRATIVE; PRINT; ARCHIVAL; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; movement coalition and motives vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S047,SIT.S048,SIT.S092
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G079,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000206 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-017] 1920s–1940s | MYSORE REPRESENTATIVE AND INDUSTRIAL STATE
ENTITY: Mysore monarchy, representative institutions, engineers, industrial workers and subjects
ENTITY_TYPE: PRINCELY_MODERNISATION_SYSTEM
EVENT: Representative bodies, public works, education and state-supported industry expand capability under monarchy. Administrative achievement coexists with unequal franchise, caste and labour access.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W050–W052
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: PRINCELY_MODERNISATION_SYSTEM::MYSORE_REPRESENTATIVE_AND_INDUSTRIAL_STATE
HOST: Mysore state
CARRIER: institutions, engineers, workers, schools, electricity and public finance
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; ECONOMIC; ENGINEERING; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: STATE_CAPABILITY_CLIMB
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; ECONOMIC; ENGINEERING
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; “model state” claims require Receiver/Nobody audit.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S046,SIT.S085
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G051,SIT.G055

CA.SIT.000207 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-018] 1930s–1950s | SOUTH INDIAN CINEMA AS MASS MEDIA
ENTITY: Film workers, studios, performers, audiences, financiers and political communicators
ENTITY_TYPE: MASS_MEDIA_SYSTEM
EVENT: Sound cinema in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam creates reproducible language publics, music and star systems. Studios depend on labour, electricity, distribution and censorship.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W051–W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MASS_MEDIA_SYSTEM::SOUTH_INDIAN_CINEMA_AS_MASS_MEDIA
HOST: Madras-centred and wider southern film networks
CARRIER: film, sound, performers, workers, theatres, capital and audiences
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=FILM; ARCHIVAL; ECONOMIC; ORAL_HISTORY; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: MEDIA_TAKEOFF
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: FILM; ARCHIVAL; ECONOMIC; ORAL_HISTORY
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; audience effects and language reach vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S048,SIT.S092
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000208 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-019] 1939–1945 CE | SECOND WORLD WAR SOUTHERN LOGISTICS
ENTITY: Colonial military, port and industrial systems, workers and civilian households
ENTITY_TYPE: WAR_ECONOMY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Ports, airfields, factories, recruitment and rationing connect the south to global war while shortages, inflation and Japanese attack risk affect civilians.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W052
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: WAR_ECONOMY_SYSTEM::SECOND_WORLD_WAR_SOUTHERN_LOGISTICS
HOST: Madras, Cochin, Visakhapatnam, Bengaluru and southern military routes
CARRIER: soldiers, ships, aircraft, factories, fuel, food, labour and information
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=MILITARY; ARCHIVAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: WAR_MOBILISATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: MILITARY; ARCHIVAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; household burden is unevenly archived.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S043,SIT.S046
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G055,SIT.G056

CA.SIT.000209 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-020] 1946–1951 CE | TELANGANA ARMED PEASANT STRUGGLE
ENTITY: Peasant organisers, Communist cadres, landlords, Hyderabad state forces, Razakars and Indian authorities
ENTITY_TYPE: AGRARIAN_INSURGENCY_AND_REPRESSION
EVENT: A major agrarian struggle challenges landlordism and forced labour through armed organisation amid Hyderabad’s political crisis. Liberation, violence, repression and land change require locality-specific records.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W053–W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: AGRARIAN_INSURGENCY_AND_REPRESSION::TELANGANA_ARMED_PEASANT_STRUGGLE
HOST: Telangana region, former Hyderabad state
CARRIER: peasants, arms, land claims, organisations, police and military force
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ARCHIVAL; TESTIMONIAL; POLITICAL; LEGAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7_WITH_CONFLICT
LIFECYCLE: INSURGENCY_REPRESSION_AND_REFORM
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ARCHIVAL; TESTIMONIAL; POLITICAL; LEGAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_CONTESTED_INTERPRETATION
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; participant, casualty and land-effect estimates vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S038,SIT.S050,SIT.S089
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G052,SIT.G070,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000210 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-021] 15 August 1947 | INDEPENDENCE AND COLONIAL SOVEREIGNTY TRANSFER
ENTITY: People of India, new Union and state institutions, colonial authorities and princely states
ENTITY_TYPE: CONSTITUTIONAL_TRANSITION
EVENT: British paramountcy ends and India becomes independent. Transfer is not one completed social decolonisation; princely integration, French enclaves, caste hierarchy and colonial institutional residues continue.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W053
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: CONSTITUTIONAL_TRANSITION::INDEPENDENCE_AND_COLONIAL_SOVEREIGNTY_TRANSFER
HOST: India and South Indian jurisdictions
CARRIER: law, offices, armed forces, archives, people and public legitimacy
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: SOVEREIGNTY_TRANSFER_AND_REASSEMBLY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; institutional and social decolonisation use longer clocks.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S052
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G068,SIT.G069,SIT.G070,SIT.G071

CA.SIT.000211 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-022] 1947–1949 CE | TRAVANCORE–COCHIN INTEGRATION
ENTITY: Travancore and Cochin governments, Indian Union and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: LEGAL_STATE_REASSEMBLY
EVENT: Princely states accede and merge into Travancore–Cochin, redistributing sovereignty and administration. Accession documents do not resolve every local land, language or social claim.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W053
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: LEGAL_STATE_REASSEMBLY::TRAVANCORE_COCHIN_INTEGRATION
HOST: Travancore, Cochin and Indian Union
CARRIER: legal instruments, offices, officials, records and public institutions
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: LEGAL_INTEGRATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; implementation and regional expectations vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S052,SIT.S087
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G049,SIT.G050,SIT.G068

CA.SIT.000212 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-023] September 1948 | HYDERABAD INTEGRATION / OPERATION POLO
ENTITY: Indian armed forces, Hyderabad state forces, Razakars and civilian communities
ENTITY_TYPE: MILITARY_AND_LEGAL_INTEGRATION
EVENT: Indian forces end the Nizam’s independent stand and integrate Hyderabad. Military action and ensuing violence require civilian and community-level accounting alongside constitutional state formation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W053
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MILITARY_AND_LEGAL_INTEGRATION::HYDERABAD_INTEGRATION_OPERATION_POLO
HOST: Hyderabad state, including Telangana and Karnataka interfaces
CARRIER: armed forces, people, orders, communication and administrative transfer
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=MILITARY; LEGAL; ARCHIVAL; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_MILITARY_TO_CONSTITUTIONAL_TRANSFER
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: COERCIVE_INTEGRATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: MILITARY; LEGAL; ARCHIVAL; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_WITH_CONTESTED_VIOLENCE_SCALE
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for integration; B/C for some casualty totals and local sequences.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S038,SIT.S052
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G052,SIT.G070

CA.SIT.000213 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-024] 1947–1950 CE | MYSORE ACCESSION AND CONSTITUTIONAL TRANSITION
ENTITY: Mysore state, Indian Union, representative institutions and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: LEGAL_STATE_TRANSITION
EVENT: Mysore accedes and becomes a Part B state within the Republic, carrying princely institutions, public works and inequalities into a new constitutional host.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W053
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: LEGAL_STATE_TRANSITION::MYSORE_ACCESSION_AND_CONSTITUTIONAL_TRANSITION
HOST: Mysore/Karnataka
CARRIER: legal instruments, legislature, officials, services and public finance
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: CONSTITUTIONAL_REASSEMBLY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHIVAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; democratisation and administrative integration unfold over time.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S052,SIT.S085
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G051,SIT.G069

CA.SIT.000214 | [REFORM_NATIONAL-025] 1 November 1954 de facto; 16 August 1962 de jure | FRENCH INDIA TRANSFER
ENTITY: France, India, Puducherry/Karaikal/Mahe/Yanam institutions and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: DECOLONISATION_AND_LEGAL_TRANSFER
EVENT: French establishments transfer de facto to India in 1954 and de jure after treaty ratification in 1962. The two dates and local political choices remain distinct.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W054–W055
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: DECOLONISATION_AND_LEGAL_TRANSFER::FRENCH_INDIA_TRANSFER
HOST: Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam
CARRIER: treaty, referendum/consultation records, offices, residents and legal status
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; DIPLOMATIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: DECOLONISATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; DIPLOMATIC; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; local identity and legal residues continue.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S052,SIT.S077
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G054,SIT.G072

CA.SIT.000215 | [POST_1947-001] 26 January 1950 | CONSTITUTIONAL REPUBLIC
ENTITY: Citizens, Union, states, courts and public institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: CONSTITUTIONAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: The Constitution creates a republican, rights-bearing and federal-democratic legal host with equality, affirmative-action and remedy routes. Formal rights do not guarantee equal implementation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: CONSTITUTIONAL_SYSTEM::CONSTITUTIONAL_REPUBLIC
HOST: India and southern states
CARRIER: law, citizens, institutions, elections, courts and public finance
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: CONSTITUTIONAL_FORMATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; constitutional rule and lived access remain separate.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S052
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G068,SIT.G069,SIT.G070,SIT.G071,SIT.G072

CA.SIT.000216 | [POST_1947-002] 1 October 1953 | ANDHRA STATE FORMATION
ENTITY: Telugu-language movement, Potti Sriramulu’s memory, Parliament and new state institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: LINGUISTIC_STATE_EVENT
EVENT: A separate Andhra State is formed from Madras State after sustained linguistic mobilisation and Sriramulu’s death following a fast. Language becomes a federal accommodation route, not an ancient border proof.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: LINGUISTIC_STATE_EVENT::ANDHRA_STATE_FORMATION
HOST: Andhra districts separated from Madras State
CARRIER: people, protest, language claims, statute, offices and territory
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; PRINT; POLITICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: STATE_FORMATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; PRINT; POLITICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; movement motivations and minority effects vary. SIT.U031.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S053,SIT.S110
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G070,SIT.G085

CA.SIT.000217 | [POST_1947-003] 1 November 1956 | STATES REORGANISATION IN THE SOUTH
ENTITY: Union of India, state institutions, language movements and affected residents
ENTITY_TYPE: FEDERAL_BOUNDARY_TRANSFORMATION
EVENT: Linguistic reorganisation creates Kerala, enlarges Mysore and Andhra Pradesh, and reshapes Madras State. Administrative convenience, language, princely legacies and minority regions are negotiated rather than naturally aligned.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: FEDERAL_BOUNDARY_TRANSFORMATION::STATES_REORGANISATION_IN_THE_SOUTH
HOST: Southern India
CARRIER: statute, boundaries, officials, records, people and language claims
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; POLITICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: FEDERAL_REASSEMBLY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; POLITICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; boundary effects and minority claims continue. SIT.U031.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S052,SIT.S053,SIT.S110
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G068,SIT.G069,SIT.G070,SIT.G085

CA.SIT.000218 | [POST_1947-004] 1 November 1956 | KERALA STATE FORMATION
ENTITY: Travancore–Cochin, Malabar, Kasaragod-related boundary processes and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: LINGUISTIC_STATE_EVENT
EVENT: Kerala forms by joining Malayalam-majority regions from different administrative histories. The state is a new legal host, not the territorial resurrection of every earlier Chera formation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: LINGUISTIC_STATE_EVENT::KERALA_STATE_FORMATION
HOST: Kerala
CARRIER: statute, territory, offices, language claims and public services
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; POLITICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: STATE_FORMATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; POLITICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; regional and linguistic-minority histories remain independent. SIT.U013; SIT.U031.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S052,SIT.S110
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G068

CA.SIT.000219 | [POST_1947-005] 1 November 1956 | ANDHRA PRADESH FORMATION
ENTITY: Andhra State, Telangana region of Hyderabad State, Union and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: LINGUISTIC_STATE_EVENT
EVENT: Andhra State and Telangana are joined in Andhra Pradesh with safeguards and contested expectations. Shared Telugu does not erase divergent institutional, land and political histories.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: LINGUISTIC_STATE_EVENT::ANDHRA_PRADESH_FORMATION
HOST: Andhra Pradesh, 1956 boundaries
CARRIER: statute, agreement, offices, people, language and regional claims
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; POLITICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: STATE_INTEGRATION_WITH_FUTURE_FISSION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; POLITICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; safeguard implementation and regional inequality remain disputed. SIT.U031.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S053,SIT.S110
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G070

CA.SIT.000220 | [POST_1947-006] 1 November 1956; renamed 1 November 1973 | MYSORE STATE TO KARNATAKA
ENTITY: Mysore/Karnataka state institutions, Kannada movements and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: STATE_REORGANISATION_AND_RENAMING
EVENT: Kannada-majority regions are integrated into enlarged Mysore State, later renamed Karnataka. State, language and the older Mysore polity remain related but non-identical.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W054–W056
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: STATE_REORGANISATION_AND_RENAMING::MYSORE_STATE_TO_KARNATAKA
HOST: Karnataka
CARRIER: statute, boundaries, offices, language claims and public memory
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; POLITICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: STATE_FORMATION_AND_RENAMING
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; POLITICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; internal regional diversity persists. SIT.U031.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S052,SIT.S110
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G051,SIT.G069,SIT.G085

CA.SIT.000221 | [POST_1947-007] 1 July 1963 | PUDUCHERRY UNION TERRITORY
ENTITY: Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahe, Yanam, Union institutions and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: UNION_TERRITORY_FORMATION
EVENT: Former French establishments become a Union Territory with non-contiguous enclaves and plural language/legal inheritances. Administrative unity does not erase their different regional interfaces.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W055
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: UNION_TERRITORY_FORMATION::PUDUCHERRY_UNION_TERRITORY
HOST: Puducherry Union Territory
CARRIER: law, offices, enclaves, residents and inherited institutions
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: STATE_HOST_FORMATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; legal and cultural continuities vary by enclave.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S052,SIT.S077,SIT.S110
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G054,SIT.G072

CA.SIT.000222 | [POST_1947-008] 1957 CE | KERALA ELECTS COMMUNIST-LED GOVERNMENT
ENTITY: Kerala electorate, Communist Party-led ministry and constitutional institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: ELECTORAL_AND_GOVERNMENT_EVENT
EVENT: Kerala elects a Communist-led ministry through parliamentary democracy, giving land, education and welfare reform a new institutional host. Election victory is not identical to policy implementation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W054
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: ELECTORAL_AND_GOVERNMENT_EVENT::KERALA_ELECTS_COMMUNIST_LED_GOVERNMENT
HOST: Kerala
CARRIER: voters, parties, ballots, legislature, ministry and policy
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ELECTORAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; POLITICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: ELECTORAL_RELAUNCH
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ELECTORAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; POLITICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; reform outcomes require separate records.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S051,SIT.S054
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G068,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000223 | [POST_1947-009] 1957–1970s, principal legislative and implementation phases | KERALA LAND REFORM
ENTITY: Tenants, landlords, agricultural labourers, state institutions and courts
ENTITY_TYPE: AGRARIAN_LEGAL_REFORM
EVENT: Legislation limits tenancy and landlordism and redistributes security and some land rights. Plantation exemptions, landlessness and implementation differences prevent a totalised success claim.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W054–W056
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: AGRARIAN_LEGAL_REFORM::KERALA_LAND_REFORM
HOST: Kerala
CARRIER: law, land records, tenants, landlords, courts and administration
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; DEMOGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_LEGAL_LAND_REALLOCATION
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: STRUCTURAL_REPAIR_WITH_RESIDUAL_GAPS
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; DEMOGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; beneficiaries, exclusions and long-term effects are disaggregated. SIT.U032.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S101,SIT.S051
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G068,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000224 | [POST_1947-010] 1954–1963 CE | KAMARAJ-ERA SCHOOL EXPANSION
ENTITY: Tamil Nadu/Madras State government, teachers, children, families and meal/education systems
ENTITY_TYPE: MASS_EDUCATION_EXPANSION
EVENT: School construction, access measures and meal support expand primary education during K. Kamaraj’s chief ministership. Enrolment growth depends on teachers, nutrition, caste/gender access and household labour.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W054–W055
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: MASS_EDUCATION_EXPANSION::KAMARAJ_ERA_SCHOOL_EXPANSION
HOST: Madras State, principally present Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: schools, teachers, children, food, public finance and administration
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ADMINISTRATIVE; EDUCATIONAL; DEMOGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: CAPABILITY_EXPANSION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ADMINISTRATIVE; EDUCATIONAL; DEMOGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; popular memory may compress multiple programme phases.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S062,SIT.S100
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000225 | [POST_1947-011] 1965 CE | ANTI-HINDI AGITATION AND FEDERAL LANGUAGE SETTLEMENT
ENTITY: Students, political movements, Union/state governments, police and language communities
ENTITY_TYPE: MASS_PROTEST_AND_POLICY_EVENT
EVENT: Large protests oppose compulsory or exclusive Hindi expansion and reshape national language policy assurances. Violence and deaths make language governance a constitutional BaseFloor issue.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W055
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MASS_PROTEST_AND_POLICY_EVENT::ANTI_HINDI_AGITATION_AND_FEDERAL_LANGUAGE_SETTLEMENT
HOST: Tamil Nadu/Madras State and Union political field
CARRIER: students, parties, policy, print, protest, policing and federal negotiation
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ADMINISTRATIVE; PRINT; TESTIMONIAL; POLITICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: MASS_MOBILISATION_AND_POLICY_REPAIR
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ADMINISTRATIVE; PRINT; TESTIMONIAL; POLITICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; participant motives and casualty counts require source care.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S048,SIT.S092,SIT.S102
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G079,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000226 | [POST_1947-012] 1967 CE | DMK ELECTORAL TAKEOVER
ENTITY: Tamil Nadu electorate, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Congress and state institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: ELECTORAL_REGIME_CHANGE
EVENT: The DMK wins state power, ending Congress rule and moving Dravidian language, social-justice and mass-media politics into government. Movement, party and whole population remain non-identical.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W055
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: ELECTORAL_REGIME_CHANGE::DMK_ELECTORAL_TAKEOVER
HOST: Madras State/Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: voters, party organisation, cinema, speeches, ballots and government offices
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ELECTORAL; POLITICAL; MEDIA; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: ELECTORAL_RELAUNCH
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: ELECTORAL; POLITICAL; MEDIA; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; policy outcomes and coalition composition vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S048,SIT.S092,SIT.S054
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G079,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000227 | [POST_1947-013] 14 January 1969 | MADRAS STATE RENAMED TAMIL NADU
ENTITY: State legislature, Union, Tamil language movement and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: LEGAL_RENAMING_EVENT
EVENT: The state receives the legal name Tamil Nadu. The act affirms a modern linguistic-political identity but does not make all earlier Tamilakam identical to present territory.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W055
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: LEGAL_RENAMING_EVENT::MADRAS_STATE_RENAMED_TAMIL_NADU
HOST: Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: statute, institutions, public language and political memory
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: LEGAL_RENAMING
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; ontology firewall SIT.U001 and SIT.U031 remains binding.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S110,SIT.S048
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G085

CA.SIT.000228 | [POST_1947-014] 1950s–present | RESERVATION AND SOCIAL-JUSTICE POLICY STACK
ENTITY: Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, state commissions, courts and public institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: AFFIRMATIVE_ACTION_SYSTEM
EVENT: Evolving quotas, classifications and welfare measures seek to widen education and employment access. Legal categories, political coalitions, benefits, exclusion and intergroup inequality require separate measurement.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W054–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: AFFIRMATIVE_ACTION_SYSTEM::RESERVATION_AND_SOCIAL_JUSTICE_POLICY_STACK
HOST: Southern states and Union legal field
CARRIER: law, category lists, applications, institutions, courts and beneficiaries
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: REPAIR_WITH_REVISION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; category and outcome disputes remain active. SIT.U029; SIT.U032.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S050,SIT.S106
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G068,SIT.G069,SIT.G070,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000229 | [POST_1947-015] 1960s–present | CINEMA–PARTY–WELFARE POLITICAL SYSTEM
ENTITY: Film workers, stars, parties, audiences, voters and welfare institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: MEDIA_AND_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
EVENT: Tamil and Telugu cinema especially become recruitment, narrative and leadership hosts for party politics; Malayalam and Kannada cinemas shape other publics. Media reach does not guarantee policy capability.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W055–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MEDIA_AND_POLITICAL_SYSTEM::CINEMA_PARTY_WELFARE_POLITICAL_SYSTEM
HOST: Southern language publics and state politics
CARRIER: film, television, stars, fan clubs, parties, voters and programmes
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=MEDIA; ELECTORAL; POLITICAL; ECONOMIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: MEDIA_HOST_MIGRATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: MEDIA; ELECTORAL; POLITICAL; ECONOMIC
CLAIM_STATUS: SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; causal electoral effects vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S048,SIT.S092
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G068,SIT.G069,SIT.G070,SIT.G079

CA.SIT.000230 | [POST_1947-016] 1960s–1980s | GREEN-REVOLUTION AND IRRIGATION INTENSIFICATION
ENTITY: Farmers, state agencies, seed/fertiliser systems, water managers and markets
ENTITY_TYPE: FOOD_PRODUCTION_TRANSFORMATION
EVENT: High-yield seeds, fertiliser, pumps, procurement and irrigation raise output in selected southern zones while deepening energy, groundwater, input and inequality dependencies.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: APPROXIMATE
WORLD_BANDS: W055–W057
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: FOOD_PRODUCTION_TRANSFORMATION::GREEN_REVOLUTION_AND_IRRIGATION_INTENSIFICATION
HOST: Andhra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and selected Kerala zones
CARRIER: seed, water, fertiliser, credit, pumps, farmers and extension knowledge
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=AGRICULTURAL; ECONOMIC; HYDROLOGICAL; DEMOGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: PRODUCTION_CLIMB_WITH_DEPENDENCY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: AGRICULTURAL; ECONOMIC; HYDROLOGICAL; DEMOGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; crop, region and household effects vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S062
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G007,SIT.G010,SIT.G011,SIT.G012

CA.SIT.000231 | [POST_1947-017] mid-20th century–present | DAM AND RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT
ENTITY: State agencies, engineers, electricity/irrigation users, displaced communities and river ecologies
ENTITY_TYPE: WATER_ENERGY_INFRASTRUCTURE
EVENT: Large dams and reservoirs expand irrigation, power and urban supply while redistributing land, sediment, fish, risk and control. Installed capacity is not delivered benefit.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W054–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: WATER_ENERGY_INFRASTRUCTURE::DAM_AND_RESERVOIR_DEVELOPMENT
HOST: Southern river basins
CARRIER: water, concrete, turbines, canals, people, capital and administration
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ENGINEERING; ADMINISTRATIVE; HYDROLOGICAL; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: EXPANSION_WITH_RETURNED_COST
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: ENGINEERING; ADMINISTRATIVE; HYDROLOGICAL; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; displacement and downstream effects vary. SIT.U033.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S055,SIT.S056,SIT.S062
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G007,SIT.G008,SIT.G009,SIT.G010,SIT.G011,SIT.G012

CA.SIT.000232 | [POST_1947-018] 1892/1924 agreements; 1990 tribunal; 2007 award; 2018 Supreme Court modification; continuing | CAUVERY WATER DISPUTE SYSTEM
ENTITY: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, Union institutions, farmers, cities and river ecology
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERSTATE_WATER_GOVERNANCE
EVENT: Historical agreements, tribunal proceedings, court orders and seasonal allocation manage a shared basin under variable rainfall. Legal entitlement, reservoir state, ecological flow and household delivery remain independent.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W047–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERSTATE_WATER_GOVERNANCE::CAUVERY_WATER_DISPUTE_SYSTEM
HOST: Kaveri basin and beneficiary regions
CARRIER: water, data, dams, law, crops, cities and political mobilisation
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; HYDROLOGICAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG_SHARED_BASIN_FEDERAL
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: RECURRING_ALLOCATION_CONFLICT
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; HYDROLOGICAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for rulings; future flow and equitable access remain contingent. SIT.U033.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S055
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G007,SIT.G067,SIT.G068,SIT.G069,SIT.G072

CA.SIT.000233 | [POST_1947-019] 1886 lease; 20th–21st-century legal disputes continuing | MULLAPERIYAR DAM DISPUTE SYSTEM
ENTITY: Kerala, Tamil Nadu, dam authorities, downstream communities, irrigators and Periyar ecology
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERSTATE_WATER_AND_SAFETY_SYSTEM
EVENT: A colonial-era lease and dam support Tamil Nadu irrigation while Kerala raises safety and territorial concerns. Title, operation, storage level, structural safety and downstream risk remain distinct.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W047–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_NETWORK
FUNCTION: INTERSTATE_WATER_AND_SAFETY_SYSTEM::MULLAPERIYAR_DAM_DISPUTE_SYSTEM
HOST: Periyar basin and Tamil Nadu irrigation command
CARRIER: water, dam, tunnels, law, monitoring, people and political claims
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ENGINEERING; HYDROLOGICAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: LEGACY_INFRASTRUCTURE_CONFLICT
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ENGINEERING; HYDROLOGICAL; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_CONTESTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for legal/infrastructure state; engineering and risk assessments remain versioned. SIT.U033.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S056
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G010,SIT.G067,SIT.G068

CA.SIT.000234 | [POST_1947-020] 1971 CE onward | SRIHARIKOTA SPACEPORT
ENTITY: ISRO, scientists, engineers, workers, coastal communities and launch systems
ENTITY_TYPE: SPACE_AND_SCIENCE_INFRASTRUCTURE
EVENT: Sriharikota becomes India’s principal orbital launch site, joining coastal geography, public science, manufacturing and global satellite networks. Mission success depends on long training and supply chains.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W056–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_INSTITUTIONAL_LANDSCAPE
FUNCTION: SPACE_AND_SCIENCE_INFRASTRUCTURE::SRIHARIKOTA_SPACEPORT
HOST: Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh
CARRIER: people, launch vehicles, propellant, electronics, data, land and public finance
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=OFFICIAL_SCIENCE; ENGINEERING; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: FORMATION_TO_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_SCIENCE; ENGINEERING; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; local ecological and access effects require separate audit.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S061
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G014,SIT.G057,SIT.G070

CA.SIT.000235 | [POST_1947-021] 1950s–1990s | BENGALURU PUBLIC-SECTOR SCIENCE–INDUSTRY STACK
ENTITY: Public enterprises, laboratories, universities, engineers, workers and Bengaluru residents
ENTITY_TYPE: SCIENCE_INDUSTRIAL_ECOSYSTEM
EVENT: Aerospace, electronics, machine tools, defence research and education create a cumulative skill and supplier base that later supports software growth. Public investment is a major inherited host.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W054–W058
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CITY_REGION
FUNCTION: SCIENCE_INDUSTRIAL_ECOSYSTEM::BENGALURU_PUBLIC_SECTOR_SCIENCE_INDUSTRY_STACK
HOST: Bengaluru
CARRIER: people, institutions, machines, standards, procurement, capital and knowledge
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; SCIENTIFIC; ARCHIVAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: CAPABILITY_ACCUMULATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; SCIENTIFIC; ARCHIVAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_SYNTHESISED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; sector boundaries and employment reach vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S046,SIT.S062,SIT.S107
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G055,SIT.G069,SIT.G086

CA.SIT.000236 | [POST_1947-022] 1970s–present | GULF MIGRATION AND REMITTANCE SYSTEM
ENTITY: Migrant workers, families, recruiters, Gulf employers, banks and southern states
ENTITY_TYPE: MIGRATION_AND_HOUSEHOLD_ECONOMY
EVENT: Large labour flows, especially from Kerala but also other southern states, bring remittances, housing, education and consumption while shifting care, risk and labour rights across borders.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W056–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: MIGRATION_AND_HOUSEHOLD_ECONOMY::GULF_MIGRATION_AND_REMITTANCE_SYSTEM
HOST: South India–Gulf labour corridors
CARRIER: people, contracts, money, skills, communications and family care
FLOW: PERSON_MOVEMENT
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=DEMOGRAPHIC; ECONOMIC; SURVEY; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7_TO_8
LIFECYCLE: REPRODUCTION_WITH_EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC4_HIGH_EXTERNAL_LABOUR_DEPENDENCY
MOTION: PERSON_MOVEMENT
EVIDENCE: DEMOGRAPHIC; ECONOMIC; SURVEY; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; undocumented migration and care costs are undercounted.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S094,SIT.S108
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G068,SIT.G074

CA.SIT.000237 | [POST_1947-023] late 20th century–present | KERALA HEALTH–EDUCATION–WELFARE CAPABILITY
ENTITY: Kerala households, local governments, health workers, teachers, civil society and state institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: HUMAN_DEVELOPMENT_SYSTEM
EVENT: High literacy, life expectancy and public-service achievements emerge from long social reform, migration, local action and state policy. Averages coexist with caste, tribal, gender, labour and fiscal gaps.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W057–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: HUMAN_DEVELOPMENT_SYSTEM::KERALA_HEALTH_EDUCATION_WELFARE_CAPABILITY
HOST: Kerala
CARRIER: people, schools, clinics, local governments, welfare, remittances and public finance
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=DEMOGRAPHIC; HEALTH; EDUCATIONAL; ECONOMIC; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7_TO_8
LIFECYCLE: CONSOLIDATION_WITH_NEW_PRESSURES
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: DEMOGRAPHIC; HEALTH; EDUCATIONAL; ECONOMIC; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; state-average exceptionalism prohibited. SIT.U032.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S051,SIT.S108
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G068,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000238 | [POST_1947-024] 1982 CE onward | TAMIL NADU NUTRITIOUS MEAL EXPANSION
ENTITY: Children, cooks, schools, state agencies, families and food suppliers
ENTITY_TYPE: WELFARE_AND_EDUCATION_SYSTEM
EVENT: A greatly expanded school meal programme links nutrition, attendance, women’s paid work and electoral welfare. Menu, quality, worker conditions and coverage determine expression.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W057–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: WELFARE_AND_EDUCATION_SYSTEM::TAMIL_NADU_NUTRITIOUS_MEAL_EXPANSION
HOST: Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: food, cooks, schools, children, public finance and monitoring
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ADMINISTRATIVE; EDUCATIONAL; NUTRITIONAL; ECONOMIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: WELFARE_REPRODUCTION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ADMINISTRATIVE; EDUCATIONAL; NUTRITIONAL; ECONOMIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; outcomes and working conditions vary. SIT.U032.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S100,SIT.S062
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000239 | [POST_1947-025] 1987–1990 CE | INDIAN PEACE KEEPING FORCE IN SRI LANKA
ENTITY: Indian state and IPKF, Sri Lankan state, LTTE, Tamil civilians and other communities
ENTITY_TYPE: INTERVENTION_AND_WAR_SYSTEM
EVENT: Under the Indo–Sri Lanka Accord, Indian forces deploy and enter combat with the LTTE. Civilian harm, displacement and political consequences make this an inter-object war and accountability record.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W057
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: INTERVENTION_AND_WAR_SYSTEM::INDIAN_PEACE_KEEPING_FORCE_IN_SRI_LANKA
HOST: Sri Lanka and Tamil Nadu political/humanitarian interface
CARRIER: soldiers, arms, civilians, agreements, intelligence and relief
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; MILITARY; TESTIMONIAL; HUMAN_RIGHTS; ARCHIVAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: INTERVENTION_FAILURE_AND_WITHDRAWAL
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; MILITARY; TESTIMONIAL; HUMAN_RIGHTS; ARCHIVAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_CONTESTED_INTERPRETATION
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for deployment and combat; civilian-event detail requires case-level evidence.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S099
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G015,SIT.G016,SIT.G067,SIT.G073

CA.SIT.000240 | [POST_1947-026] 21 May 1991 | RAJIV GANDHI ASSASSINATION
ENTITY: Rajiv Gandhi, LTTE suicide attacker and victims at Sriperumbudur
ENTITY_TYPE: POLITICAL_VIOLENCE_EVENT
EVENT: A suicide bombing kills former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi and others, reshaping Indian politics and Sri Lanka policy. Responsibility and victims are recorded without generalising blame to a population.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W058
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_EVENT
FUNCTION: POLITICAL_VIOLENCE_EVENT::RAJIV_GANDHI_ASSASSINATION
HOST: Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: person, explosive device, organisation, security system and public memory
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; FORENSIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7_WITH_SECURITY_FAILURE
LIFECYCLE: POLITICAL_SHOCK
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; FORENSIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; broader causal interpretations remain contested.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S099
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G073

CA.SIT.000241 | [POST_1947-027] 1991 CE onward | ECONOMIC LIBERALISATION AND SOUTHERN CORRIDORS
ENTITY: Union/state governments, firms, workers, farmers, investors and consumers
ENTITY_TYPE: ECONOMIC_RESTRUCTURING
EVENT: Trade, industrial and financial reforms help expand software, services, manufacturing and private capital in southern corridors while informal labour, land and infrastructure pressures grow.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W058–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: ECONOMIC_RESTRUCTURING::ECONOMIC_LIBERALISATION_AND_SOUTHERN_CORRIDORS
HOST: Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Coimbatore, Kochi and wider networks
CARRIER: capital, policy, firms, people, land, infrastructure and information
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ECONOMIC; LABOUR; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: MARKET_RECOMBINATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ECONOMIC; LABOUR; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; causal allocation and distributional outcomes vary.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S062,SIT.S107,SIT.S109
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G055,SIT.G067,SIT.G068,SIT.G069,SIT.G070,SIT.G086

CA.SIT.000242 | [POST_1947-028] 1990s–present | BENGALURU SOFTWARE AND PLATFORM ECOSYSTEM
ENTITY: Engineers, firms, public institutions, start-ups, workers, migrants and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: DIGITAL_ECONOMY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Software exports and start-ups scale through inherited science institutions, education, global capital and labour mobility. Growth returns housing, traffic, water, waste and inequality pressure.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W058–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CITY_REGION
FUNCTION: DIGITAL_ECONOMY_SYSTEM::BENGALURU_SOFTWARE_AND_PLATFORM_ECOSYSTEM
HOST: Bengaluru and global digital networks
CARRIER: people, code, networks, hardware, capital, offices and urban services
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; DIGITAL; LABOUR; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: CLIMB_WITH_URBAN_RETURN_COST
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; DIGITAL; LABOUR
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; export totals, employment and platform reach are definition-bound.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S062,SIT.S073,SIT.S107
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G055,SIT.G069,SIT.G086

CA.SIT.000243 | [POST_1947-029] 1990s–present | HYDERABAD DIGITAL–BIOTECH–PHARMA ECOSYSTEM
ENTITY: Public institutions, firms, scientists, engineers, workers, migrants and residents
ENTITY_TYPE: SCIENCE_AND_DIGITAL_ECONOMY_SYSTEM
EVENT: IT, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and services expand around Hyderabad through policy, education, infrastructure and capital. Announced investment and equitable access remain separate.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W058–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CITY_REGION
FUNCTION: SCIENCE_AND_DIGITAL_ECONOMY_SYSTEM::HYDERABAD_DIGITAL_BIOTECH_PHARMA_ECOSYSTEM
HOST: Hyderabad and Telangana/global networks
CARRIER: people, code, laboratories, medicines, capital, land, water and energy
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; SCIENTIFIC; DIGITAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: CLIMB_WITH_RESOURCE_DEPENDENCY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; SCIENTIFIC; DIGITAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; sector and employment statistics are year-bounded. SIT.U035.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S062,SIT.S076,SIT.S107,SIT.S109
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G052,SIT.G070,SIT.G086

CA.SIT.000244 | [POST_1947-030] 1990s–present | CHENNAI–TAMIL NADU MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
ENTITY: Automotive, electronics, textile and other firms, workers, suppliers, ports and state institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: INDUSTRIAL_MANUFACTURING_SYSTEM
EVENT: Manufacturing clusters connect skills, suppliers, ports, power and global capital. Output and exports do not automatically measure secure work, pollution, land cost or local value capture.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W058–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: INDUSTRIAL_MANUFACTURING_SYSTEM::CHENNAI_TAMIL_NADU_MANUFACTURING_SYSTEM
HOST: Chennai, Hosur, Coimbatore, Tiruppur and Tamil industrial corridors
CARRIER: workers, machines, components, energy, water, capital and logistics
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; LABOUR; ENVIRONMENTAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: INDUSTRIAL_CLIMB
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; LABOUR; ENVIRONMENTAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; MoUs and operating plants remain distinct. SIT.U035.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S062,SIT.S109
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G053,SIT.G067,SIT.G086

CA.SIT.000245 | [POST_1947-031] 26 December 2004 | INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI
ENTITY: Coastal communities, ocean system, governments, responders and aid networks
ENTITY_TYPE: DISASTER_EVENT
EVENT: A great Sumatra–Andaman earthquake generates a tsunami that kills and displaces people along Tamil Nadu, Andhra and Kerala coasts and across the ocean, exposing warning and coastal-vulnerability gaps.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W059
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_PLANETARY_EVENT
FUNCTION: DISASTER_EVENT::INDIAN_OCEAN_TSUNAMI
HOST: Indian Ocean and southern Indian coasts
CARRIER: seismic energy, water, debris, people, warnings and relief
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=SEISMOLOGICAL; SATELLITE; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8_WITH_WARNING_FAILURE
LIFECYCLE: CATASTROPHIC_SHOCK_AND_REPAIR
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: SEISMOLOGICAL; SATELLITE; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; local casualty and recovery records remain versioned. SIT.U034.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S057
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G013,SIT.G014,SIT.G015,SIT.G016,SIT.G088

CA.SIT.000246 | [POST_1947-032] 2006 CE onward | FOREST RIGHTS ACT IMPLEMENTATION
ENTITY: Scheduled Tribes, other traditional forest dwellers, gram sabhas, forest departments and courts
ENTITY_TYPE: RIGHTS_AND_LAND_GOVERNANCE_SYSTEM
EVENT: The law creates routes to recognise individual and community forest rights and governance. Claims filed, titles granted, usable access, conservation and consent are separate implementation states.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W059–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: RIGHTS_AND_LAND_GOVERNANCE_SYSTEM::FOREST_RIGHTS_ACT_IMPLEMENTATION
HOST: Western/Eastern Ghats and southern forest regions
CARRIER: law, community evidence, maps, institutions, land and forest knowledge
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; ENVIRONMENTAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_7
LIFECYCLE: LEGAL_REPAIR_WITH_IMPLEMENTATION_GAP
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; ENVIRONMENTAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; recognition and implementation vary. SIT.U032; SIT.U036.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S063,SIT.S095
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G005,SIT.G087

CA.SIT.000247 | [POST_1947-033] 2 June 2014 | TELANGANA STATE FORMATION
ENTITY: Telangana movement, Parliament, Andhra Pradesh and new state institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: FEDERAL_FISSION_EVENT
EVENT: Telangana separates from Andhra Pradesh after prolonged mobilisation over representation, resources and regional inequality. Shared language did not prevent state fission; institutions and assets require allocation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W061
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: FEDERAL_FISSION_EVENT::TELANGANA_STATE_FORMATION
HOST: Telangana and residual Andhra Pradesh
CARRIER: people, statute, boundaries, capital, water, offices and political claims
FLOW: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; POLITICAL; DEMOGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: FEDERAL_FISSION_AND_REASSEMBLY
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
EVIDENCE: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; POLITICAL; DEMOGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A; distributional outcomes continue. SIT.U031; SIT.U033.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S053,SIT.S110
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G070,SIT.G071,SIT.G085

CA.SIT.000248 | [POST_1947-034] November–December 2015 | CHENNAI FLOOD
ENTITY: Extreme rainfall, water bodies, drainage, reservoirs, governments and urban residents
ENTITY_TYPE: COMPOUND_URBAN_DISASTER
EVENT: Exceptional northeast-monsoon rainfall combines with floodplain occupation, drainage limits, reservoir operations and unequal vulnerability to cause deaths, displacement and infrastructure failure.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W061
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CITY_REGION
FUNCTION: COMPOUND_URBAN_DISASTER::CHENNAI_FLOOD
HOST: Chennai metropolitan region and adjoining districts
CARRIER: rain, water, reservoirs, buildings, people, data and relief
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=METEOROLOGICAL; HYDROLOGICAL; SATELLITE; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8_WITH_BASEFLOOR_FAILURE
LIFECYCLE: DISASTER_AND_PARTIAL_REPAIR
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: METEOROLOGICAL; HYDROLOGICAL; SATELLITE; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; causal weighting and local losses vary. SIT.U034.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S058
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G014,SIT.G053,SIT.G067,SIT.G088

CA.SIT.000249 | [POST_1947-035] August 2018 | KERALA FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES
ENTITY: Extreme monsoon, rivers, dams, slopes, communities, governments and responders
ENTITY_TYPE: COMPOUND_REGIONAL_DISASTER
EVENT: Extreme rainfall produces widespread flooding and landslides, exposing dam-operation, land-use, housing and last-mile vulnerabilities while large public and civil-society response networks mobilise.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W061
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME4_MODERN
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: COMPOUND_REGIONAL_DISASTER::KERALA_FLOODS_AND_LANDSLIDES
HOST: Kerala
CARRIER: rain, water, sediment, people, dams, roads, warnings and relief
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=METEOROLOGICAL; HYDROLOGICAL; SATELLITE; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8_WITH_BASEFLOOR_FAILURE
LIFECYCLE: DISASTER_REPAIR_AND_LEARNING
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: METEOROLOGICAL; HYDROLOGICAL; SATELLITE; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; local causal mixes vary. SIT.U034.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S059
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G068,SIT.G088

CA.SIT.000250 | [POST_1947-036] 2020–2022 CE | COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SOUTHERN STATES
ENTITY: SARS-CoV-2, households, health workers, governments, migrants, firms and schools
ENTITY_TYPE: PANDEMIC_AND_SYSTEM_STRESS
EVENT: Disease waves, lockdowns, vaccination and service disruption test public health, care, labour, education and digital systems. Official case/death counts and total mortality burden are not identical.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W062–W064
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: PANDEMIC_AND_SYSTEM_STRESS::COVID_19_PANDEMIC_IN_SOUTHERN_STATES
HOST: Southern India and global pandemic system
CARRIER: virus, people, aerosols, tests, vaccines, data, care and policy
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=HEALTH; ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; SCIENTIFIC; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8_WITH_SYSTEM_STRESS
LIFECYCLE: PANDEMIC_SHOCK_AND_PARTIAL_REPAIR
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: HEALTH; ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; SCIENTIFIC; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_WITH_DATA_LIMITS
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for pandemic; B/C for complete burden and policy attribution.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S060,SIT.S105
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G068,SIT.G069,SIT.G070,SIT.G071,SIT.G072,SIT.G088

CA.SIT.000251 | [POST_1947-037] December 2023 | CYCLONE MICHAUNG AND CHENNAI FLOODING
ENTITY: Cyclone system, urban water networks, residents, governments and responders
ENTITY_TYPE: COMPOUND_COASTAL_URBAN_DISASTER
EVENT: Cyclone-associated extreme rain again floods Chennai and neighbouring districts, revealing repeated drainage, wetland, power and housing vulnerabilities despite earlier learning.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W065
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z2_CITY_REGION
FUNCTION: COMPOUND_COASTAL_URBAN_DISASTER::CYCLONE_MICHAUNG_AND_CHENNAI_FLOODING
HOST: Chennai metropolitan region and northern Tamil coast
CARRIER: wind, rain, water, people, infrastructure, warnings and relief
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=METEOROLOGICAL; SATELLITE; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8_WITH_REPEATED_FAILURE
LIFECYCLE: DISASTER_AND_REPAIR_DEBT
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: METEOROLOGICAL; SATELLITE; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_ASSESSED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; neighbourhood impacts and infrastructure causes vary. SIT.U034.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S103
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G014,SIT.G053,SIT.G067,SIT.G088

CA.SIT.000252 | [POST_1947-038] 30 July 2024 and aftermath | MUNDAKKAI–CHOORALMALA WAYANAD LANDSLIDES
ENTITY: Rainfall, slopes, settlements, residents, responders and Kerala institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: LANDSLIDE_DISASTER
EVENT: Catastrophic landslides destroy settlements and cause major loss of life and displacement in Wayanad, intensifying debate over warning, land use, recovery and Ghats risk.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W066
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_EVENT
FUNCTION: LANDSLIDE_DISASTER::MUNDAKKAI_CHOORALMALA_WAYANAD_LANDSLIDES
HOST: Mundakkai–Chooralmala, Wayanad, Kerala
CARRIER: rain, soil, rock, debris, people, warnings and relief
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=ADMINISTRATIVE; METEOROLOGICAL; SATELLITE; TESTIMONIAL; SCIENTIFIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8_WITH_BASEFLOOR_FAILURE
LIFECYCLE: CATASTROPHIC_SHOCK_AND_REPAIR
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: ADMINISTRATIVE; METEOROLOGICAL; SATELLITE; TESTIMONIAL; SCIENTIFIC
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for disaster; exact causal allocation and final totals remain versioned. SIT.U034.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S104,SIT.S078
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G068,SIT.G088

CA.SIT.000253 | [LIVE_TAIL-001] 23 January 2025 publication | ANTIQUITY OF IRON REPORT RELEASE
ENTITY: Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology, laboratories, excavators and research public
ENTITY_TYPE: EPISTEMIC_EVENT
EVENT: A state report publishes radiometric results from Sivagalai, Mayiladumparai, Kilnamandi and other contexts and argues for very early iron in Tamil Nadu while calling for academic scrutiny.
TEMPORAL_FORM: EVIDENCE_HISTORY
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W067
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_EVIDENCE
FUNCTION: EPISTEMIC_EVENT::ANTIQUITY_OF_IRON_REPORT_RELEASE
HOST: Tamil Nadu and global archaeological evidence network
CARRIER: samples, laboratory results, excavation records, report, media and peer review
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=OFFICIAL_REPORT; RADIOCARBON; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: EVIDENCE_CAPABILITY
LIFECYCLE: PUBLICATION_AND_REVIEW
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_REPORT; RADIOCARBON; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: PUBLISHED_OFFICIAL_INTERPRETATION
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for publication; C for generalised world-first claim pending independent replication. SIT.U007.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S016
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G021,SIT.G022,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000254 | [LIVE_TAIL-002] 2025–2026 | KEELADI REPORT EVALUATION AND REPLY
ENTITY: Archaeological Survey of India evaluators, excavator K. Amarnath Ramakrishna, Tamil Nadu archaeology institutions and research public
ENTITY_TYPE: EPISTEMIC_DISPUTE
EVENT: A critical evaluation and public reply contest stratigraphy, dating, inscription association and reporting. The Atlas preserves each claim and evidence layer without deciding ancient history by administrative authority.
TEMPORAL_FORM: EVIDENCE_HISTORY
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: CONTESTED
WORLD_BANDS: W067–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_EVIDENCE
FUNCTION: EPISTEMIC_DISPUTE::KEELADI_REPORT_EVALUATION_AND_REPLY
HOST: Keeladi evidence and publication system
CARRIER: excavation report, review comments, reply, data, institutions and public interpretation
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=EPISTEMIC_HISTORY; OFFICIAL_REVIEW; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: EVIDENCE_CAPABILITY
LIFECYCLE: REVIEW_CHALLENGE_AND_APPEAL
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: EPISTEMIC_HISTORY; OFFICIAL_REVIEW; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: CONTESTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for dispute existence; underlying archaeological claims remain field-specific. SIT.U010.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S064,SIT.S065
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G026,SIT.G080,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000255 | [LIVE_TAIL-003] September 2025 announcement; research continuing | PORPANAIKOTTAI COIN AND FORT EXCAVATION CLAIMS
ENTITY: Tamil Nadu excavators, fort settlement contexts and reported coins
ENTITY_TYPE: PRELIMINARY_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_EVENT
EVENT: Excavation announcements report early-historic coins and settlement/fort evidence. Finds enter the chronology as preliminary until full stratigraphy, conservation and publication are available.
TEMPORAL_FORM: EVIDENCE_HISTORY
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: ESTIMATED
WORLD_BANDS: W067–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_SITE
FUNCTION: PRELIMINARY_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_EVENT::PORPANAIKOTTAI_COIN_AND_FORT_EXCAVATION_CLAIMS
HOST: Porpanaikottai, Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: coins, architecture, stratigraphy, excavation records and announcements
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=PRELIMINARY_ARCHAEOLOGY; OFFICIAL_ANNOUNCEMENT; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: EVIDENCE_CAPABILITY
LIFECYCLE: EXCAVATION_AND_PENDING_PUBLICATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: PRELIMINARY_ARCHAEOLOGY; OFFICIAL_ANNOUNCEMENT
CLAIM_STATUS: PRELIMINARY
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence C for detailed chronology and interpretation. SIT.U003.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S067
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000256 | [LIVE_TAIL-004] 2026 conference report; inscriptions ancient, around first centuries BCE/CE | INDIAN-LANGUAGE GRAFFITI IN EGYPTIAN TOMBS
ENTITY: Ancient South Asian visitors, inscriptions and 2026 epigraphy researchers
ENTITY_TYPE: EVIDENCE_HISTORY_AND_MOBILITY_CLAIM
EVENT: Researchers report about thirty Indian-language graffiti in six Egyptian tombs, including Old Tamil/Tamil-Brahmi readings. The evidence supports South Asian presence or travel, not empire or colonisation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: EVIDENCE_HISTORY
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_EVIDENCE
FUNCTION: EVIDENCE_HISTORY_AND_MOBILITY_CLAIM::INDIAN_LANGUAGE_GRAFFITI_IN_EGYPTIAN_TOMBS
HOST: Valley of the Kings, Egypt, linked to South Asian maritime routes
CARRIER: graffiti, palaeographic readings, persons, photographs and conference publication
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=PERSON_PRESENCE_AND_INSCRIPTION; attestation=CONFERENCE_REPORT; EPIGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: EVIDENCE_CAPABILITY
LIFECYCLE: DISCOVERY_PUBLICATION_PENDING_REVIEW
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR4_INTERREGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: CONFERENCE_REPORT; EPIGRAPHIC; PHOTOGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: PRELIMINARY
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B/C until full corpus, dates and peer review are published. SIT.U037.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S066
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G076,SIT.G080,SIT.G089

CA.SIT.000257 | [LIVE_TAIL-005] May 2026 | TAMIL NADU ASSEMBLY ELECTION
ENTITY: Tamil Nadu electorate, Election Commission, TVK, DMK, AIADMK and other parties
ENTITY_TYPE: ELECTORAL_EVENT
EVENT: Official results make Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam the largest party with 108 seats, ahead of DMK and AIADMK, enabling a new government. Seat count is not policy performance.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: ELECTORAL_EVENT::TAMIL_NADU_ASSEMBLY_ELECTION
HOST: Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: voters, candidates, ballots, election administration and party organisations
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=OFFICIAL_ELECTION; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: ELECTORAL_REGIME_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_ELECTION; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for official results at freeze; legal challenges if any remain separate.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S068
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G084

CA.SIT.000258 | [LIVE_TAIL-006] 21 May 2026–cutoff | C. JOSEPH VIJAY TAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT
ENTITY: Chief Minister C. Joseph Vijay, Council of Ministers and Tamil Nadu institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: GOVERNMENT_STATE
EVENT: The cabinet headed by C. Joseph Vijay is sworn in and operates at the cutoff. Office is achieved; manifesto, announcement, budget, implementation and outcome remain separate states.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: GOVERNMENT_STATE::C_JOSEPH_VIJAY_TAMIL_NADU_GOVERNMENT
HOST: Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: officeholders, oath, ministries, law, budget and administration
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: NEW_GOVERNMENT_FORMATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_CURRENT_STATE
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A at freeze; any later office change requires new version. SIT.U038.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S069,SIT.S070
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G090

CA.SIT.000259 | [LIVE_TAIL-007] May 2026 | KERALA ASSEMBLY ELECTION AND GOVERNMENT CHANGE
ENTITY: Kerala electorate, Election Commission, Congress-led alliance, Left parties and state institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: ELECTORAL_AND_GOVERNMENT_EVENT
EVENT: Official results give the Indian National Congress 63 seats with allied parties adding a governing majority; a government headed by V. D. Satheesan is operating by the cutoff.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: ELECTORAL_AND_GOVERNMENT_EVENT::KERALA_ASSEMBLY_ELECTION_AND_GOVERNMENT_CHANGE
HOST: Kerala
CARRIER: voters, ballots, parties, legislature, officeholders and administration
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=OFFICIAL_ELECTION; OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: ELECTORAL_REGIME_CHANGE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_ELECTION; OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_CURRENT_STATE
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A at freeze; policy capability remains separate. SIT.U038.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S071,SIT.S072
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G068,SIT.G090

CA.SIT.000260 | [LIVE_TAIL-008] 3 June 2026–cutoff | D. K. SHIVAKUMAR KARNATAKA GOVERNMENT
ENTITY: Chief Minister D. K. Shivakumar and Karnataka institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: GOVERNMENT_STATE
EVENT: D. K. Shivakumar takes oath as Karnataka chief minister after Siddaramaiah’s tenure ends on 2 June. The change is an office transition within the existing constitutional state.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: GOVERNMENT_STATE::D_K_SHIVAKUMAR_KARNATAKA_GOVERNMENT
HOST: Karnataka
CARRIER: officeholders, oath, party institutions, ministries and administration
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: LEADERSHIP_TRANSITION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_CURRENT_STATE
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A at freeze; later change requires new version. SIT.U038.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S073,SIT.S074
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G069,SIT.G090

CA.SIT.000261 | [LIVE_TAIL-009] cutoff state, 29 July 2026 | ANDHRA PRADESH GOVERNMENT AT FREEZE
ENTITY: Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu and Andhra Pradesh institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: GOVERNMENT_STATE
EVENT: The Andhra Pradesh administration headed by N. Chandrababu Naidu is the documented office state at the cutoff. Capital plans, investment announcements and operating services remain separately validated.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: GOVERNMENT_STATE::ANDHRA_PRADESH_GOVERNMENT_AT_FREEZE
HOST: Andhra Pradesh
CARRIER: officeholders, ministries, law, budgets, institutions and public services
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: OPERATING_GOVERNMENT
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_CURRENT_STATE
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A at freeze. SIT.U035; SIT.U038.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S075
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G070,SIT.G090

CA.SIT.000262 | [LIVE_TAIL-010] cutoff state, 29 July 2026 | TELANGANA GOVERNMENT AT FREEZE
ENTITY: Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy and Telangana institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: GOVERNMENT_STATE
EVENT: The Telangana administration headed by A. Revanth Reddy is the documented office state at the cutoff. Press releases and investment claims remain attributed until achieved-state verification.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: GOVERNMENT_STATE::TELANGANA_GOVERNMENT_AT_FREEZE
HOST: Telangana
CARRIER: officeholders, ministries, law, budgets, institutions and public services
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: OPERATING_GOVERNMENT
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_CURRENT_STATE
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A at freeze. SIT.U035; SIT.U038.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S076
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G071,SIT.G090

CA.SIT.000263 | [LIVE_TAIL-011] cutoff state, 29 July 2026 | PUDUCHERRY GOVERNMENT AT FREEZE
ENTITY: Chief Minister N. Rangasamy and Puducherry institutions
ENTITY_TYPE: GOVERNMENT_STATE
EVENT: The Puducherry administration headed by N. Rangasamy is the documented office state at the cutoff across a non-contiguous Union Territory.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: GOVERNMENT_STATE::PUDUCHERRY_GOVERNMENT_AT_FREEZE
HOST: Puducherry Union Territory
CARRIER: officeholders, enclaves, ministries, law, budgets and administration
FLOW: AGENT_FLUX
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: OPERATING_GOVERNMENT
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: AGENT_FLUX
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_CURRENT_STATE
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A at freeze. SIT.U038.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S077
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G072,SIT.G090

CA.SIT.000264 | [LIVE_TAIL-012] 4 June 2026 | SOUTHWEST MONSOON ONSET OVER KERALA
ENTITY: Indian monsoon system and India Meteorological Department observation
ENTITY_TYPE: OBSERVED_CLIMATE_EVENT
EVENT: The southwest monsoon reaches Kerala three days later than the long-period normal date according to the reported official onset assessment. Onset date does not determine seasonal rainfall outcome.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: OBSERVED_CLIMATE_EVENT::SOUTHWEST_MONSOON_ONSET_OVER_KERALA
HOST: Kerala and Indian monsoon field
CARRIER: moisture, wind, rainfall observations and meteorological criteria
FLOW: ENERGY_CONVERSION
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=METEOROLOGICAL; OFFICIAL; NEWSWIRE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: FOUNDATION_0
LIFECYCLE: SEASONAL_ONSET
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: ENERGY_CONVERSION
EVIDENCE: METEOROLOGICAL; OFFICIAL; NEWSWIRE
CLAIM_STATUS: MEASURED_AND_REPORTED
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; onset criteria and later rainfall are separate. SIT.U038.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S080,SIT.S084
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G068,SIT.G088

CA.SIT.000265 | [LIVE_TAIL-013] 7 July 2026 | KALLADI / WAYANAD TUNNEL-SITE LANDSLIDE
ENTITY: Slope, rainfall, tunnel-construction landscape, workers, residents and responders
ENTITY_TYPE: LANDSLIDE_DISASTER
EVENT: A landslide at the Kalladi tunnel-construction site kills eight people and injures ten in the cited report. Heavy rain is observed; roles of excavation, spoil and slope condition remain under investigation.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z3_EVENT
FUNCTION: LANDSLIDE_DISASTER::KALLADI_WAYANAD_TUNNEL_SITE_LANDSLIDE
HOST: Kalladi, Wayanad, Kerala
CARRIER: rain, soil, rock, construction material, people and emergency response
FLOW: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=SCIENTIFIC_NEWS_ANALYSIS; ADMINISTRATIVE; PHOTOGRAPHIC; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8_WITH_SAFETY_FAILURE
LIFECYCLE: DISASTER_AND_INVESTIGATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: MATERIAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: SCIENTIFIC_NEWS_ANALYSIS; ADMINISTRATIVE; PHOTOGRAPHIC
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_WITH_CAUSAL_UNCERTAINTY
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B for reported casualties; causal allocation contested. SIT.U039.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S079,SIT.S078
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G068,SIT.G088

CA.SIT.000266 | [LIVE_TAIL-014] 9 July 2026 forecast publication | MONSOON WEAKENING FORECAST
ENTITY: Meteorological forecast systems, farmers, reservoirs and southern/western regions
ENTITY_TYPE: FORECAST_EVIDENCE
EVENT: A Reuters report conveys a forecast of weakening monsoon over western and southern India, with possible slowing of crop sowing. The forecast is not converted into an observed seasonal outcome.
TEMPORAL_FORM: FUTURE_AT_CUTOFF
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: ESTIMATED
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_EVIDENCE
FUNCTION: FORECAST_EVIDENCE::MONSOON_WEAKENING_FORECAST
HOST: Western and southern India
CARRIER: models, observations, forecast text, farmers and decision systems
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=METEOROLOGICAL_FORECAST; NEWSWIRE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: SENSOR_CAPABILITY
LIFECYCLE: FORECAST
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: METEOROLOGICAL_FORECAST; NEWSWIRE
CLAIM_STATUS: FUTURE_AT_CUTOFF
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence belongs to the source forecast; realised weather requires later observation. SIT.U038.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S081,SIT.S084
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G004,SIT.G088,SIT.G090

CA.SIT.000267 | [LIVE_TAIL-015] 29 July–2 August 2026 warning window | KERALA WEATHER WARNINGS AT FREEZE
ENTITY: Kerala State Disaster Management Authority, forecast systems and exposed communities
ENTITY_TYPE: FORECAST_AND_WARNING_STATE
EVENT: KSDMA carries weather warnings spanning the cutoff and subsequent days. The 29 July warning state is observed institutional activity; weather after the freeze remains future.
TEMPORAL_FORM: FUTURE_AT_CUTOFF
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: ESTIMATED
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_CONTROL
FUNCTION: FORECAST_AND_WARNING_STATE::KERALA_WEATHER_WARNINGS_AT_FREEZE
HOST: Kerala
CARRIER: forecast, warning, communication channels, officials and communities
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=OFFICIAL_WARNING; METEOROLOGICAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8_SENSOR
LIFECYCLE: ACTIVE_WARNING
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_WARNING; METEOROLOGICAL
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_WARNING_AND_FUTURE_AT_CUTOFF
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for warning issuance; event realisation unknown. SIT.U038.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S078,SIT.S084
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G068,SIT.G088,SIT.G090

CA.SIT.000268 | [LIVE_TAIL-016] 2025–cutoff | SOUTHERN AI AND DATA-INFRASTRUCTURE ANNOUNCEMENT FIELD
ENTITY: State governments, technology firms, data-centre developers, workers and host communities
ENTITY_TYPE: DIGITAL_INFRASTRUCTURE_PIPELINE
EVENT: AI missions, data centres, semiconductor and innovation projects are announced across southern states. Each project remains typed as proposed, financed, under construction, commissioned or operating; labels cannot substitute for state.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W067–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: DIGITAL_INFRASTRUCTURE_PIPELINE::SOUTHERN_AI_AND_DATA_INFRASTRUCTURE_ANNOUNCEMENT_FIELD
HOST: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Puducherry interfaces
CARRIER: capital, chips, servers, buildings, energy, water, people, data and policy
FLOW: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=OFFICIAL_DIGITAL; ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: PIPELINE_WITH_ACHIEVED_STATE_GATES
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: CAPITAL_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_DIGITAL; ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: MIXED_ACHIEVED_AND_ANNOUNCED_STATES
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence B; project-by-project verification required. SIT.U035.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S076,SIT.S083,SIT.S107,SIT.S109
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G069,SIT.G070,SIT.G071,SIT.G086

CA.SIT.000269 | [LIVE_TAIL-017] 2025–cutoff | TAMIL NADU CLIMATE-GOVERNANCE PIPELINE
ENTITY: Tamil Nadu climate institutions, departments, researchers, firms and communities
ENTITY_TYPE: CLIMATE_POLICY_SYSTEM
EVENT: Climate-summit and mission materials create coordination, knowledge and investment routes. A strategy, summit or budget does not itself repair wetlands, heat exposure, coastal risk or biodiversity.
TEMPORAL_FORM: OPEN_INTERVAL
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: BOUNDED
WORLD_BANDS: W067–W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_REGIONAL
FUNCTION: CLIMATE_POLICY_SYSTEM::TAMIL_NADU_CLIMATE_GOVERNANCE_PIPELINE
HOST: Tamil Nadu
CARRIER: policy, data, finance, institutions, projects and community participation
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=OFFICIAL_CLIMATE; ADMINISTRATIVE; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: POLICY_FORMATION_PENDING_VERIFICATION
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: OFFICIAL_CLIMATE; ADMINISTRATIVE
CLAIM_STATUS: DOCUMENTED_POLICY_STATE
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for policy artefacts; implementation and outcomes remain unproven. SIT.U035.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S082
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G067,SIT.G087,SIT.G088

CA.SIT.000270 | [LIVE_TAIL-018] 2026 cutoff | LIVING HERITAGE AND CUSTODY STATE
ENTITY: Temple communities, churches, mosques, archaeological agencies, museums, tourists and local residents
ENTITY_TYPE: HERITAGE_GOVERNANCE_STATE
EVENT: World Heritage and national/state protection coexist with living worship, tourism, conservation, object trafficking risk and community claims. Recognition never merges custody, ritual authority, access or consent.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z1_INTERREGIONAL
FUNCTION: HERITAGE_GOVERNANCE_STATE::LIVING_HERITAGE_AND_CUSTODY_STATE
HOST: Mahabalipuram, Chola temples, Hampi, Western Ghats and other protected/living sites
CARRIER: sites, objects, people, law, conservation skill, tourism and interpretation
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=HERITAGE; LEGAL; LIVING_TRADITION; TESTIMONIAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: STAGE_8
LIFECYCLE: LIVING_REPRODUCTION_UNDER_PRESSURE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR2_REGIONAL
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD2_REGIONAL
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: HERITAGE; LEGAL; LIVING_TRADITION; TESTIMONIAL
CLAIM_STATUS: ASSESSED_CURRENT_STATE
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A/B; site conditions and authority relations vary. SIT.U036.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S010,SIT.S030,SIT.S033,SIT.S039,SIT.S096
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G039,SIT.G040,SIT.G041,SIT.G042,SIT.G045,SIT.G081,SIT.G087

CA.SIT.000271 | [LIVE_TAIL-019] 29 July 2026 at 19:56:15 SGT | OBJECT-23 RETRIEVAL FREEZE
ENTITY: Civilisation Atlas South India / Tamilakam Object-23 evidence state
ENTITY_TYPE: VERSIONED_COORDINATE
EVENT: This release freezes observed history at the stated instant. Later discovery, office change, disaster, court ruling, infrastructure state or publication requires a new version; forecasts remain typed.
TEMPORAL_FORM: INSTANT
BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY: EXACT
WORLD_BANDS: W068
TIME_ZOOM: ZTIME5_LIVE
ENTITY_ZOOM: Z5_CONTROL
FUNCTION: VERSIONED_COORDINATE::OBJECT_23_RETRIEVAL_FREEZE
HOST: South India / Tamilakam analytical object
CARRIER: records, sources, graph, checksums, validators and revision log
FLOW: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
DEPENDENCY: ecological floor; maintained knowledge; labour; access; evidence-specific enabling conditions
LINEAGE: local and interregional predecessors/successors; no singular ethnic or political descent assumed
RELATION: relation_type=TEMPORAL_AND_FUNCTIONAL; attestation=MULTI_SOURCE; METHOD; DIGITAL; relation and attestation remain independent
CONTROL_GEOMETRY: CG4_MIXED_AND_CONTESTED
BASEFLOOR_EFFECT: matter=tracked; energy=tracked; water=tracked; ecology=tracked; labour=tracked; information=tracked; legitimacy=tracked
CAPABILITY: EVIDENCE_CAPABILITY
LIFECYCLE: FROZEN_RELEASE
MODULE_REPRODUCTION_LIFECYCLE: MRL2_REPRODUCING_WITH_VARIATION
CAPABILITY_REACH: CR5_PLANETARY
SURVIVABLE_RANGE: SR3_MULTI_HOST_REGIONAL
WORLD_DISTRIBUTION: WD4_WORLD
DEPENDENCY_CLOSURE: DC3_COMPLEX_DEPENDENCIES
MOTION: INFORMATION_TRANSFER
EVIDENCE: MULTI_SOURCE; METHOD; DIGITAL
CLAIM_STATUS: AUDITED_CURRENT_STATE
UNCERTAINTY: Confidence A for freeze operation; historical claims retain their own uncertainty. SIT.U038.
SOURCE_KEYS: SIT.S001,SIT.S002,SIT.S003,SIT.S097,SIT.S098
GRAPH_SEEDS: SIT.G089,SIT.G090

========================================================================================
09 | WORLD CROSS-SECTIONS

XS01 | c.1.5 Ma | Attirampakkam anchors secure early Acheulean activity in the far south while wider Afro-Eurasian hominin clocks remain separately evidenced.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS02 | c.385–172 ka | A long Middle Palaeolithic sequence changes the technical clock without identifying one biological population.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS03 | c.70–20 ka | Homo sapiens movement, climate variability, foraging and now-drowned coastal corridors remain a mosaic.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS04 | c.3000–2000 BCE | Southern Neolithic cattle–millet–ash-mound systems coexist with Indus urban integration and other regional food packages.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS05 | c.2200–1200 BCE | Iron claims, Neolithic continuities and mortuary transformations overlap; no single peninsula-wide threshold exists.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS06 | c.1200–600 BCE | Iron-working, megalithic burial, farming, craft and exchange intensify unevenly across southern zones.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS07 | c.300 BCE | Ashokan texts name southern polities beyond Mauryan core control while Tamil-Brahmi, routes and ports develop on independent clocks.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS08 | c.100 BCE–200 CE | Sangam corpora, Chera–Chola–Pandya politics, Jain/Buddhist networks and Indian Ocean exchange intersect without becoming one system.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS09 | c.300–600 CE | Post-Sangam textual memory, changing dynasties, agrarian expansion and religious institutions recompose the field.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS10 | c.600–800 | Pallava, Pandya and Chalukya competition joins temples, inscriptions, land, bhakti and Bay-of-Bengal routes.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS11 | c.850–1000 | Chera Perumal, Chola, Pandya, Rashtrakuta and merchant networks create multiple coastal and inland control geometries.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS12 | c.1000–1200 | Imperial Chola revenue, temples and maritime force scale alongside local assemblies, craft and unequal land relations.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS13 | c.1200–1350 | Later Pandyas, Hoysalas, Kakatiyas, Delhi campaigns and Madurai Sultanate produce conquest, alliance and institutional fission.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS14 | c.1350–1500 | Vijayanagara and Deccan sultanates share military, agrarian, urban and oceanic fields without religiously totalising them.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS15 | c.1500–1650 | Portuguese sea power, Vijayanagara–Nayaka fission and continuing coastal polities re-route trade and coercion.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS16 | c.1650–1800 | Mysore, Travancore, Cochin, Maratha Thanjavur, Hyderabad, European companies and local powers compete through layered sovereignty.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS17 | c.1800–1900 | Company/imperial revenue, rail, plantations, famine and knowledge systems scale capability and repair debt together.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS18 | c.1900–1956 | Anti-caste reform, labour, nationalism, language movements, decolonisation and linguistic state-making open new institutional hosts.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS19 | 1956–2000 | Federal states, land reform, welfare, dams, industrialisation, cinema-politics, Gulf migration and computing diverge by region.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.
XS20 | 2000–cutoff | Digital and manufacturing capacity coexist with ecological pressure, unequal access, heritage disputes, disasters and a rapidly changing electoral surface.
CROSSWALK_RULE: simultaneity permits comparison, not automatic contact or influence.

========================================================================================
10 | CIVILISATION CAT SCAN — 18 DIMENSIONS EXECUTED

DEFINED_DIMENSIONS: 18
SCANS_EXECUTED: 18
NO dimension is a score, rank or civilisational essence.

CAT01 | DIMENSION=SUBSTRATE | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Western/Eastern Ghats, plateaus, basins, monsoons and two coasts create high ecological diversity and hard seasonal dependencies.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Repair watershed, forest, wetland, soil and coastal floors before treating them as externalities.
CAT02 | DIMENSION=FOOD | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Millet, pulse, rice, cattle, fishing, plantation and public-distribution systems form a plural food stack.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Track nutrition and cultivator/fisher viability, not aggregate output alone.
CAT03 | DIMENSION=WATER | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Tanks, wells, dams, rivers, groundwater and piped systems scale storage but create allocation and maintenance debt.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Join basin-scale ecology to household access and transparent interstate governance.
CAT04 | DIMENSION=ENERGY | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Biomass, animal power, hydrocarbon, hydro, nuclear and renewable hosts coexist.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Audit land, water, grid stability, affordability and decommissioning.
CAT05 | DIMENSION=MATERIALS | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Stone, iron, steel, textiles, timber, minerals, concrete, electronics and waste carry capability.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Extend provenance and repair to mines, quarries, workers and receiving ecologies.
CAT06 | DIMENSION=SETTLEMENT | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Village, port, temple-town, cantonment, industrial corridor and megacity layers overlap.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Treat housing, drainage, heat and mobility as BaseFloor, not afterthought.
CAT07 | DIMENSION=MOBILITY | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Foot routes, passes, animals, boats, rail, roads, aviation and digital links have unequal reach.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Measure last-mile access, safety and ecological fragmentation.
CAT08 | DIMENSION=INFORMATION | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Oral, inscriptional, manuscript, print, film, broadcast and digital systems repeatedly migrate hosts.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Protect multilingual transmission, archives, privacy and correction routes.
CAT09 | DIMENSION=EDUCATION | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Temple, monastery, mosque, church, workshop, school, university and platform hosts reproduce different capability.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Test teachability, maintenance skill and inclusion rather than enrolment alone.
CAT10 | DIMENSION=HEALTH_CARE | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Household care, plural medical traditions, public systems and corporate hospitals coexist.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Audit access, public-health prevention, care labour and financial risk.
CAT11 | DIMENSION=GOVERNANCE | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Assemblies, courts, dynasties, companies, colonial departments and federal states change control geometry.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Separate formal law, effective control, consent, appeal and lived access.
CAT12 | DIMENSION=ECONOMY | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Agrarian surplus, temple redistribution, trade, industry, remittance, services and platforms recombine.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Expose unpaid care, bondage, informal work, environmental cost and concentration.
CAT13 | DIMENSION=SECURITY | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Forts, armies, navies, police, disaster agencies and cyber systems defend some floors while threatening others.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Separate safety from coercion; preserve civilian remedy and oversight.
CAT14 | DIMENSION=MEMORY_HERITAGE | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Burials, texts, temples, churches, mosques, forts, museums and excavations distribute authority unevenly.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Keep custody, access, ritual and descendant/community consent distinct.
CAT15 | DIMENSION=SOCIAL_ACCESS | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Caste, tribe, gender, class, disability, language and migration shape capability expression.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Use Receiver/Nobody testing for every aggregate success claim.
CAT16 | DIMENSION=ECOLOGICAL_REPAIR | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Conservation, rights law and disaster learning exist but often lag extraction and urban expansion.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Require RepairRate >= DriftRate with monitored ecological and social receipts.
CAT17 | DIMENSION=DIGITAL_AI | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Software, platforms, data centres, AI, electronics and public digital rails create portable functions with non-portable floors.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Distinguish announcements, installed capacity, operation, access, energy-water load and human appeal.
CAT18 | DIMENSION=FUTURE_CAPACITY | STATUS=EXECUTED
FINDING: Dense knowledge, institutions and diaspora links increase option value while climate, inequality and maintenance debt narrow survivable range.
RECEIVER/NOBODY TEST: gains and costs require disaggregated human and ecological receipts.
REPAIR ROUTE: Prioritise plural skills, open evidence, ecological floors and reversible governance.

========================================================================================
11 | CONTROL-TOWER ORGANS AND OBSERVER POSITIONS

FLOOR:
Plate, Ghats, soils, monsoons, rivers, aquifers, wetlands, coasts, forests,
fisheries, biodiversity, food, care and bodily safety.
BODY:
Farms, herds, tanks, ports, workshops, towns, temples, schools, hospitals,
factories, grids, roads, rail, housing and data centres.
FLOW:
Water, sediment, crops, animals, ore, energy, goods, money, people,
information, ritual, coercion, waste and returned consequence.
MEMORY:
Oral traditions, burials, inscriptions, manuscripts, monuments, archives,
museums, film, databases and contested archaeological interpretation.
SENSOR:
Local knowledge, excavation, gauges, meteorology, public health, audit,
courts, journalism, satellites, testimony and community challenge.
CONTROL:
Households, assemblies, religious bodies, guilds, chiefs, courts, companies,
colonial administrations, municipalities, states, Union institutions and
platforms; authority remains layer-specific.
REPAIR:
Maintenance, desilting, forest/wetland restoration, labour rights, social
justice, public-health prevention, archive correction, disaster learning,
human appeal and institutional redesign.
EDGE:
Ghats passes, Palk Strait, Gulf of Mannar, ports, state borders, diaspora
routes, interstate rivers, platform gates and World-Object connectors.

SKY sees long substrate, climate, demographic and planetary fields.
STRATEGIST sees alternative futures, tradeoffs, adversaries and lock-in.
GENERAL sees coordination, logistics, security and coercion.
ENGINEER sees dependency, throughput, maintenance and failure mode.
RECEIVER sees who actually obtains water, food, safety, education and voice.
NOBODY sees the human or ecological bearer excluded from the official map.

========================================================================================
12 | CIVILISATIONAL GENOME / GENEALOGY / EXPRESSION ROUTER

SIT.GENOME.001 | MONSOON_NAVIGATION
FUNCTION: seasonal wind, current, star, coast and port knowledge
HOSTS: boats, pilots, merchant communities, charts, meteorology
DEPENDENCIES: harbour, trust, weather knowledge, repair
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.002 | TANK_IRRIGATION
FUNCTION: catchment, bund, sluice, channel and allocation knowledge
HOSTS: village institutions, temples, states, engineers
DEPENDENCIES: desilting, rights, rainfall, labour
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.003 | MILLET_CATTLE_RICE_MOSAIC
FUNCTION: dry farming, herding, wet cultivation and storage
HOSTS: households, communities, markets, state systems
DEPENDENCIES: soil, seed, water, animal care, knowledge
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.004 | IRON_STEEL_CRAFT
FUNCTION: ore selection, furnace, fuel, forging and heat control
HOSTS: craft lineages, workshops, arsenals, industry
DEPENDENCIES: ore, charcoal/energy, skill, labour and demand
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.005 | PORT_HINTERLAND
FUNCTION: collection, standardisation, storage, credit and transshipment
HOSTS: ports, roads, guilds, states, corporations
DEPENDENCIES: security, ecological floor, market and trust
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.006 | INSCRIPTION_LITERATURE
FUNCTION: speech, script, genre, memory, teaching and copying
HOSTS: rock, potsherd, palm leaf, print, screen
DEPENDENCIES: literacy, material host, institutions and interpretation
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.007 | TEMPLE_ENDOWMENT
FUNCTION: ritual, land, storage, employment, art and archive
HOSTS: temples, courts, communities, trusts
DEPENDENCIES: surplus, labour, legitimacy, access and maintenance
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.008 | GUILD_DIASPORA
FUNCTION: reputation, contract, credit, multilingual brokerage and kinship
HOSTS: merchant bodies, ports, religious institutions, firms
DEPENDENCIES: trust, law, routes, capital and care
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.009 | PLURAL_TRANSLATION
FUNCTION: translation across ritual, legal, literary and technical systems
HOSTS: courts, monasteries, mosques, churches, schools, media
DEPENDENCIES: language skill, hospitality and non-coercive access
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.010 | LOCAL_ASSEMBLY_RECORD
FUNCTION: meeting, eligibility, allocation, audit and inscription
HOSTS: sabha, ur, nagaram, municipality, panchayat
DEPENDENCIES: participation, records, resources and appeal
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.011 | LANGUAGE_MASS_POLITICS_WELFARE
FUNCTION: print, speech, cinema, party organisation and distribution
HOSTS: movements, parties, state agencies, media
DEPENDENCIES: fiscal capacity, inclusion, feedback and federal space
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.012 | SCIENCE_ENGINEERING_IT
FUNCTION: formal education, standards, laboratories, design and computation
HOSTS: universities, public institutes, firms, diaspora
DEPENDENCIES: energy, hardware, skills, capital and open correction
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.013 | REMITTANCE_HOUSEHOLD
FUNCTION: migration brokerage, labour, transfer and household investment
HOSTS: workers, families, banks, Gulf labour systems
DEPENDENCIES: rights, care, currency, return routes and social protection
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.
SIT.GENOME.014 | DISASTER_RESPONSE
FUNCTION: forecast, evacuation, relief, public health, rebuilding and learning
HOSTS: communities, governments, science, civil society
DEPENDENCIES: trust, sensors, communications, inclusive repair
GENEALOGY_RULE: origin, transmission, adaptation and recombination require
typed evidence; recurrence does not prove descent.
EXPRESSION_TEST: possession != access != reproducible operation.

GENOME is the inherited/recombined capability architecture.
GENEALOGY traces typed origin, transmission, adaptation and descendant hosts.
EXPRESSION asks which capabilities are operating, for whom and at what reach.
PHENOTYPE is the observed, time-bounded civilisation produced under pressure.

This metaphor never licenses biological determinism. Institutions can be
deliberately rewritten; practices can be abandoned, revived, translated or
imported; capability can move horizontally.

========================================================================================
13 | PRESSURE FIELD AND OUROBOROS ROUTER

PRESSURES_AT_OBJECT_SCALE:
monsoon variability; interstate water allocation; groundwater depletion;
coastal erosion and sea-level rise; urban heat and flood; biodiversity
fragmentation; caste exclusion; land and labour concentration; care burden;
archive politicisation; language flattening; extractive export dependence;
migration/remittance dependency; heritage pressure; claim inflation;
platform concentration; data-centre energy and water load; maintenance debt.

SIT.OURO.TANKS_AND_SILT | TANKS_AND_SILT
OUTWARD_GAIN: storage increases settlement and irrigation.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: neglected catchments and desilting reduce capacity.
REPAIR: fund local maintenance and basin monitoring.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.PORT_WEALTH_AND_WAR | PORT_WEALTH_AND_WAR
OUTWARD_GAIN: trade funds cities and states.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: concentrated wealth attracts coercion and blockade.
REPAIR: diversify routes and protect civilian floors.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.TEMPLE_ENDOWMENT_AND_EXCLUSION | TEMPLE_ENDOWMENT_AND_EXCLUSION
OUTWARD_GAIN: surplus sustains ritual, art and employment.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: control can harden hierarchy and access barriers.
REPAIR: rights, transparency and living-community governance.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.EMPIRE_REVENUE_AND_OVERSTRETCH | EMPIRE_REVENUE_AND_OVERSTRETCH
OUTWARD_GAIN: assessment scales army and building.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: war and extraction erode consent and local reproduction.
REPAIR: limit extraction and preserve accountable local capacity.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.CASH_CROP_AND_FOOD_RISK | CASH_CROP_AND_FOOD_RISK
OUTWARD_GAIN: export earnings expand finance.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: land, price and ecology shift away from food security.
REPAIR: protect diversity, entitlements and soil-water floors.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.DAM_ENERGY_AND_DISPLACEMENT | DAM_ENERGY_AND_DISPLACEMENT
OUTWARD_GAIN: storage and power expand.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: ecological fragmentation, displacement and interstate dispute return.
REPAIR: basin receipts, consent, sediment and safety repair.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.IT_URBAN_GROWTH | IT_URBAN_GROWTH
OUTWARD_GAIN: skills and services attract capital.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: housing, traffic, heat, water and waste debt rise.
REPAIR: compact inclusive planning and ecological infrastructure.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.ARCHAEOLOGY_AND_IDENTITY | ARCHAEOLOGY_AND_IDENTITY
OUTWARD_GAIN: discovery expands public memory.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: claim inflation and political capture reduce trust.
REPAIR: open data, peer review and community authority.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.LANGUAGE_MOBILISATION | LANGUAGE_MOBILISATION
OUTWARD_GAIN: vernacular politics widens participation.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: standardisation can suppress dialect and minority language.
REPAIR: plural education and translation.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.SHORELINE_HARDENING | SHORELINE_HARDENING
OUTWARD_GAIN: local assets gain protection.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: erosion and risk migrate down-coast.
REPAIR: sediment-cell planning and managed adaptation.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.WELFARE_AND_DATA | WELFARE_AND_DATA
OUTWARD_GAIN: digital routing can reduce delay.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: authentication and data errors exclude vulnerable recipients.
REPAIR: human appeal, offline routes and error repair.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.TOURISM_AND_HERITAGE | TOURISM_AND_HERITAGE
OUTWARD_GAIN: revenue funds visibility.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: crowding and commodification stress living sites.
REPAIR: capacity limits and community benefit.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.QUARRY_CONSTRUCTION_LANDSLIDE | QUARRY_CONSTRUCTION_LANDSLIDE
OUTWARD_GAIN: infrastructure and jobs expand.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: slope, spoil and drainage risks accumulate.
REPAIR: independent geotechnics and enforceable restoration.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.REMITTANCE_AND_CARE | REMITTANCE_AND_CARE
OUTWARD_GAIN: household income and investment rise.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: worker risk and care absence shift to families.
REPAIR: portable rights and reintegration support.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.
SIT.OURO.AI_CAPACITY_AND_RESOURCE_LOAD | AI_CAPACITY_AND_RESOURCE_LOAD
OUTWARD_GAIN: automation and analysis expand.
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE: energy, water, hardware and opacity debt rise.
REPAIR: resource accounting, human review and repairable systems.
TEST: a named gain never cancels a returned cost.

========================================================================================
14 | FUNCTIONAL PORTABILITY, FISSION, EDUCATION AND SIMULATION

PORTABILITY_SCALE:
P0 host-locked; P1 locally teachable; P2 replicable with specialist carriers;
P3 regionally portable; P4 interregional; P5 globally portable but dependent;
P6 self-repairing across hosts. No Object-23 packet is assumed P6.

PORTABILITY_TESTS:
— tank irrigation travels only with catchment, rights, maintenance and local
hydrological knowledge;
— iron craft travels only with ore/fuel, furnace skill and labour;
— script travels only with teaching, media, interpretive community and use;
— temple form can travel without identical ritual, polity or social order;
— software travels through hardware, energy, networks, maintenance and law;
— welfare code travels only if identity, fiscal, appeal and last-mile systems
reproduce access.

FISSION_RESIDUES:
CHERA name -> early historic polities, later memory and distinct successor
formations; no single unbroken state.
CHOLA system -> temples, inscriptions, irrigation, place memory and later
political citation distributed across new hosts.
VIJAYANAGARA -> Aravidu continuation, Nayaka polities, military labour,
temple/agrarian institutions and successor urban networks after 1565.
MADRAS PRESIDENCY -> state boundaries, courts, rail/port systems, revenue
archives and English-language administration distributed across several
postcolonial states.
MADRAS STATE -> Tamil Nadu after 1969; the name change does not erase federal,
linguistic-minority or pre-state histories.

EDUCATION_BRIDGE_TEST:
A capability counts as civilisationally reproducible only where people can
learn, practise, maintain, audit, correct and transfer it without destroying
the substrate that keeps it possible.

SIMULATION_SCENARIOS:
SIM01: two consecutive weak monsoons plus high reservoir conflict.
SIM02: compound Chennai heat, extreme rain, power and drainage failure.
SIM03: Western Ghats landslide corridor under construction pressure.
SIM04: port or undersea-cable disruption across Bay/Arabian Sea routes.
SIM05: AI/data-centre expansion under water and grid constraints.
SIM06: archaeology claim amplified before evidence publication.
SIM07: welfare authentication failure affecting migrants and elderly people.
SIM08: Gulf labour shock returning workers and reducing remittance flow.

Each simulation must preserve uncertainty, human appeal, Receiver/Nobody,
cross-state coordination and a post-repair verification route.

========================================================================================
15 | REALITY CONTINUUM AND INVARIANT CONVERGENCE

SIT.I001 | SUBSTRATE_FIRST
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: Capabilities depend on material, water, ecological and care floors.
LAW_SCOPE=regional comparative; FALSIFIER=a capability reproduced after declared floors fail without substitute host
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I002 | PORT_HINTERLAND
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: A port’s reach depends on inland production, storage, labour and political valves.
LAW_SCOPE=exchange systems; FALSIFIER=a sustained port system without hinterland or substitute supply network
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I003 | HORIZONTAL_TRANSFER
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: Useful components move across political and language boundaries.
LAW_SCOPE=attested transfer; FALSIFIER=shared form shown to be independent convergence
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I004 | FUNCTIONAL_HOST_MIGRATION
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: A function may persist while its material or institutional host changes.
LAW_SCOPE=longitudinal tracks; FALSIFIER=no continuity of function across host change
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I005 | DISTRIBUTED_CONTROL
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: High regional capability often emerges from layered authority rather than one sovereign centre.
LAW_SCOPE=governance; FALSIFIER=exclusive single-node control demonstrated at every operating layer
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I006 | ARCHIVE_SURFACE
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: Visibility is filtered by preservation, access, method and power.
LAW_SCOPE=evidence claims; FALSIFIER=complete unbiased archive demonstrated
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I007 | RECEIVER_NOBODY
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: Every scaled capability distributes gain and cost unevenly.
LAW_SCOPE=material and institutional systems; FALSIFIER=audited equal gains and no displaced cost
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I008 | INTEGRATION_NON_IDENTITY
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: Connection does not erase domain or group identity.
LAW_SCOPE=all joins; FALSIFIER=explicit merger creating one new evidenced entity under consented rules
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I009 | SCALE_MISMATCH
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: Regional output can coexist with local access failure.
LAW_SCOPE=aggregate metrics; FALSIFIER=complete disaggregated access parity
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I010 | REPAIR_LAG
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: Expansion commonly outruns maintenance and ecological repair.
LAW_SCOPE=scaled infrastructures; FALSIFIER=RepairRate audited at or above DriftRate over system lifecycle
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I011 | LIVING_HERITAGE
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: A monument can remain an operating sacred/social host rather than a dead artefact.
LAW_SCOPE=living sites; FALSIFIER=no continuing community function
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I012 | FRONTIER_NOT_BORDER
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: Premodern reach is usually graded, negotiated and seasonal.
LAW_SCOPE=territorial claims; FALSIFIER=continuous surveyed boundary with uniform enforcement
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I013 | CAPABILITY_NOT_ACCESS
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: Possession does not prove expression for all people.
LAW_SCOPE=health, education, welfare, digital; FALSIFIER=audited universal effective access
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.
SIT.I014 | CONQUEST_NOT_REPLACEMENT
COMPARATIVE_HYPOTHESIS: Political defeat does not automatically erase population or function.
LAW_SCOPE=war transitions; FALSIFIER=demonstrated comprehensive replacement
STATUS: ACTIVE_TEST, not a law of nature proved by repetition.

TRUE_REVERSE_HYDRA_ROUTE:
observed failure -> proximate component -> maintenance institution -> finance
and control -> labour and knowledge -> water/material/energy floor -> every
affected Receiver/Nobody -> proposed repair -> verification after repair.

REPAIR_RATE_TEST:
RepairRate >= DriftRate must be evaluated per substrate and service. A new
capital project, policy announcement or relief payment is not proof of
repaired function.

========================================================================================
16 | CURRENT-STATE VECTORS AT THE FREEZE

LEGAL_SURFACE:
Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Puducherry are
current legal/control hosts inside the broader analytical interface. Their
borders and governments do not own earlier languages, persons, monuments,
routes or ecological systems.

POLITICAL_SURFACE:
The 2026 election and office records in the chronology freeze Tamil Nadu and
Kerala after assembly elections, Karnataka after its June leadership
transition, and the current Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Puducherry
administrations. Party seat counts, government formation, office and policy
capability remain separate fields.

ECOLOGICAL_SURFACE:
Monsoon onset, current warnings and the Kalladi/Wayanad landslide are
time-stamped observations. Forecasts after the freeze remain
FUTURE_AT_CUTOFF. One event cannot diagnose all Western Ghats risk.

DIGITAL_INDUSTRIAL_SURFACE:
Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai and other corridors host substantial software,
manufacturing, scientific and platform capability. Announced AI, data,
semiconductor or infrastructure projects remain separated from financed,
built, commissioned, operating, maintained and equitably accessible states.

BASEFLOOR_SURFACE:
High state-level achievements in health, education, welfare, industry or
digital services do not cancel household, caste, tribe, gender, migrant,
disability, regional or ecological access gaps.

========================================================================================
17 | UNCERTAINTY, DISPUTE AND REVISION REGISTER

An uncertainty is a protected object. It states what is unknown or contested,
what evidence could narrow it and which claims must not be generated.

SIT.U001 | TYPE=OBJECT_BOUNDARY | Tamilakam is a changing literary-cultural and historical coordinate; its spatial extent varies by source and period.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U002 | TYPE=CATEGORY | Archaeological assemblage cannot be converted automatically into Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, caste, religion or polity.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U003 | TYPE=ARCHIVE_SURFACE | Tropical soils, sea-level change, urban building, collection history and publication unevenness distort survival.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U004 | TYPE=DATING | Attirampakkam dating is strong; the tool-makers’ biological species and language are unknown.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U005 | TYPE=POPULATION | Modern-human routes and population mixtures across southern India remain incompletely sampled.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U006 | TYPE=NEOLITHIC_BOUNDARY | Southern Neolithic phases vary by site; farming, herding, foraging and ash-mound practices do not begin together.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U007 | TYPE=IRON_ASSOCIATION | Very early Tamil Nadu iron claims date associated contexts; direct artefact/metallurgical dating and independent replication remain required.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U008 | TYPE=MEGALITHIC_CATEGORY | Megalithic names mortuary and material practices, not one ethnicity, language, race or uniform social system.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U009 | TYPE=ADICHANALLUR | Site phases, dates, legacy collections and human-remain custody require continuing integrated publication.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U010 | TYPE=KEELADI | Settlement dating, inscribed-sherd association, stratigraphic reporting and publication evaluation remain separate questions.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U011 | TYPE=TAMIL_BRAHMI | Secure conventional dating and proposed earlier dates must not be collapsed; palaeography, stratigraphy and radiometry have different scopes.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U012 | TYPE=SANGAM_TEXTS | Poems and anthologies are layered; composition, compilation, redaction and manuscript survival use different clocks.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U013 | TYPE=POLITY | Chera, Chola and Pandya names recur across discontinuous or reassembled formations.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U014 | TYPE=ASHOKAN_FRONTIER | Naming in edicts attests southern polities/regions outside the Mauryan core; it does not prove Mauryan conquest.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U015 | TYPE=MUZIRIS | Pattanam is a strong port candidate; equation with textual Muziris remains a debated inference.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U016 | TYPE=ARIKAMEDU | Mediterranean objects and production do not make Arikamedu a Roman colony.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U017 | TYPE=TRADE_SCALE | Imports, coins and texts are preservation- and sample-biased; trade volume and social reach require independent estimation.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U018 | TYPE=KALABHRA | The Kalabhra interval is poorly resolved and must not become a civilisational dark-age placeholder.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U019 | TYPE=PALLAVA_ORIGIN | Dynastic origin claims remain debated; later identity stories do not substitute for dated evidence.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U020 | TYPE=BHAKTI | Later movement narratives and saint biographies cannot all be treated as contemporary or uniformly egalitarian.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U021 | TYPE=CHOLA_ASSEMBLIES | Uttaramerur and comparable inscriptions show bounded assemblies and eligibility rules, not universal modern democracy.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U022 | TYPE=CHOLA_MARITIME | The 1025 raid demonstrates naval reach, not enduring Chola colonisation of Southeast Asia.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U023 | TYPE=TEMPLE_SYSTEM | Monumental production records capability and hierarchy; sacred continuity, labour, land control and access must all be tracked.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U024 | TYPE=VIJAYANAGARA_FOUNDATION | 1336 is conventional; foundation narratives and institutional formation are not one instant.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U025 | TYPE=TALIKOTA | The 1565 defeat and Hampi sack are not the instant end of Vijayanagara or all South Indian capability.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U026 | TYPE=RELIGIOUS_FLATTENING | Hindu, Jain, Buddhist, Islamic, Christian and Jewish labels contain changing institutions and practices.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U027 | TYPE=COLONIAL_REACH | Fort, factory, charter, treaty, revenue claim and effective territorial control are different states.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U028 | TYPE=FAMINE | Mortality estimates vary; climate, price, policy, entitlement and disease mechanisms must remain joined but distinct.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U029 | TYPE=CASTE_ARCHIVE | Colonial classification altered but did not invent all hierarchy; living identities retain independent authority.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U030 | TYPE=SOCIAL_REFORM | Movement goals, participation, policy adoption and lived equality do not share one date.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U031 | TYPE=STATE_REORGANISATION | Modern state borders and official languages are dated legal layers, not ancient territorial truths.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U032 | TYPE=DEVELOPMENT_METRICS | State averages hide caste, tribe, gender, class, region, disability and migrant gaps.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U033 | TYPE=WATER_CONTROL | Legal allocation, storage capacity, delivered water, ecological flow and household access are independent coordinates.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U034 | TYPE=DISASTER_CAUSATION | Hazard, exposure, vulnerability, infrastructure failure and response are not one causal variable.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U035 | TYPE=DIGITAL_CAPABILITY | MoU, budget, announced campus, installed capacity, operating service and equitable access are separate achieved states.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U036 | TYPE=HERITAGE_AUTHORITY | Origin, title, custody, research authority, ritual authority, interpretation, access and community consent remain separate.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U037 | TYPE=EGYPT_GRAFFITI | The 2026 conference report is preliminary until corpus, readings, dating and peer review are fully published.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U038 | TYPE=LIVE_TAIL | Events and office states after the exact freeze belong to a later version; forecasts remain FUTURE_AT_CUTOFF.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U039 | TYPE=LANDSLIDE | Kalladi casualty reporting is observed; relative roles of rainfall, geology, excavation and spoil remain under investigation.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.
SIT.U040 | TYPE=ANCESTRY_LANGUAGE | Dravidian is a linguistic family model, not a genome, race, polity or single migration event.
MACHINE_RULE: preserve as typed uncertainty; do not resolve by repetition,
political usefulness, prestige or source authority alone.

HUMAN_CHALLENGE_ROUTE:
challenge -> exact record/claim -> proposed correction -> source or testimony
-> affected community/rights check -> reviewer decision -> versioned patch
-> downstream graph/CAT/invariant revalidation -> public change receipt.

========================================================================================
18 | SOURCE-OBJECT REGISTER

ARCHITECTURE bindings define structure; they are not historical evidence.
No source is infallible. Official records are primary evidence for official
acts or claims, not automatic proof that every asserted outcome occurred.

SIT.S001 | TYPE=ARCHITECTURE
CITATION: Civilisation Atlas World Chronology Master V1.1, Coverage Object 23 definition.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S002 | TYPE=ARCHITECTURE
CITATION: Civilisation Atlas Regional Runtime V3.2 — Reality Continuum / Invariant Convergence regional contract.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S003 | TYPE=ARCHITECTURE
CITATION: Civilisation Atlas Reality Continuum Runtime V3.3 Root Integrity Patch.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S004 | TYPE=ARCHITECTURE
CITATION: Civilisation Atlas India Master Chronology, retrieval state 28 July 2026.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S005 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS
CITATION: Singh, Upinder. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India. Pearson, 2008.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S006 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS
CITATION: Coningham, Robin, and Ruth Young. The Archaeology of South Asia. Cambridge University Press, 2015.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S007 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS
CITATION: Karashima, Noboru. A Concise History of South India. Oxford University Press, 2014.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S008 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS
CITATION: Stein, Burton. A History of India, 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S009 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS
CITATION: Champakalakshmi, R. Trade, Ideology and Urbanization: South India 300 BC to AD 1300. Oxford University Press, 1996.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S010 | TYPE=GEOLOGICAL_AND_HERITAGE
CITATION: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Western Ghats.
URL: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1342/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S011 | TYPE=CLIMATE_ASSESSMENT
CITATION: IPCC AR6 Working Group II, Asia chapter and regional fact sheet.
URL: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S012 | TYPE=SCIENTIFIC
CITATION: Pappu et al. Early Pleistocene presence of Acheulian hominins in South India. Science 331 (2011).
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21436450/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S013 | TYPE=SCIENTIFIC
CITATION: Akhilesh et al. Early Middle Palaeolithic culture in India around 385–172 ka. Nature 554 (2018).
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29388951/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S014 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Fuller, Dorian Q., and collaborators, archaeobotanical work on Southern Neolithic crops, cattle and ash-mound systems.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S015 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Boivin, Nicole et al., Southern Neolithic landscapes and Sanganakallu–Kupgal research.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S016 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_REPORT
CITATION: Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. Antiquity of Iron: Recent Radiometric Dates from Tamil Nadu, 2025.
URL: https://tamildigitallibrary.in/assets/docs/uploads/catalogue_article_file/BOK/upload/2025/08/TVA_BOK_0065866_Antiquity_of_iron.pdf
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S017 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_REPORT
CITATION: Archaeological Survey of India. Adichchanallur Excavation Report.
URL: https://asi.nic.in/pdf/Adichchanallur-Excavation-Report.pdf
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S018 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Moorti, U. S. Megalithic Culture of South India: Socio-Economic Perspectives. Ganga Kaveri, 1994.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S019 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Abraham, Shinu Anna. Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using Archaeological Evidence to Identify the Tamil Kingdoms of Early Historic South India. Asian Perspectives 42 (2003).
URL: https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstreams/776f8b6e-0f5b-484d-a537-0879d83d4068/download
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S020 | TYPE=EPIGRAPHIC_CORPUS
CITATION: Mahadevan, Iravatham. Early Tamil Epigraphy / Tamil-Brahmi Inscriptions.
URL: https://jainworld.jainworld.com/JWEnglish/TVA_BOK_0010654_Tamil_Brahmi_Inscriptions.pdf
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S021 | TYPE=PRIMARY_TEXT_TRANSLATION
CITATION: Ashoka, Major Rock Edicts II and XIII; translations checked against scholarly corpora.
URL: https://projects.mcah.columbia.edu/indianart/pdf/asoka_thapar.pdf
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S022 | TYPE=LITERARY_AND_HISTORICAL
CITATION: Zvelebil, Kamil. The Smile of Murugan and studies of early Tamil literature.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S023 | TYPE=LITERARY_AND_HISTORICAL
CITATION: Hart, George L., and Hank Heifetz, trans. The Four Hundred Songs of War and Wisdom. Columbia University Press.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S024 | TYPE=PRIMARY_TEXT
CITATION: Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, mid-first-century CE translation.
URL: https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/periplus/periplus.html
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S025 | TYPE=ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CITATION: Shajan et al. Pattanam wharf, canoe and port-context research.
URL: https://www.themua.org/collections/files/original/26d829c7ee7983165dbfb9234469cf51.pdf
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S026 | TYPE=ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CITATION: Begley, Vimala, and collaborators. The Ancient Port of Arikamedu.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S027 | TYPE=PAPYROLOGICAL_AND_SCHOLARLY
CITATION: De Romanis, Federico. The Indo-Roman Pepper Trade and the Muziris Papyrus.
URL: https://academic.oup.com/book/40562/chapter/347948057
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S028 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Ray, Himanshu Prabha. The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia. Cambridge University Press.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S029 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Veluthat, Kesavan. The Early Medieval in South India. Oxford University Press.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S030 | TYPE=HERITAGE_PRIMARY
CITATION: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram.
URL: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/249/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S031 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Hawley, John Stratton. A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement. Harvard University Press, 2015.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S032 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Pollock, Sheldon. The Language of the Gods in the World of Men. University of California Press, 2006.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S033 | TYPE=HERITAGE_PRIMARY
CITATION: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Great Living Chola Temples.
URL: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/250/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S034 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Subbarayalu, Y. South India under the Cholas. Oxford University Press.
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/hisn.12030_45
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S035 | TYPE=EPIGRAPHIC_EDUCATIONAL
CITATION: Uttaramerur inscription of Parantaka Chola I, epigraphic teaching resource.
URL: https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/S000829IC/P001689/M024922/ET/1510554232P08-M36-UttaramerurInscriptionofParantakaChola-I-ET.pdf
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S036 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Rajendra Chola I’s 1025 expedition to Srivijaya: nautical and historical reassessment.
URL: https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/46DC50B07DC8D66753E23EC7AB37B0E7/9789812309389c4_p76-90_CBO.pdf/rajendra_chola_is_naval_expedition_to_southeast_asia_a_nautical_perspective.pdf
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S037 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Hall, Kenneth R. A History of Early Southeast Asia. Rowman & Littlefield, 2011.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S038 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Eaton, Richard M. A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S039 | TYPE=HERITAGE_PRIMARY
CITATION: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Group of Monuments at Hampi.
URL: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/241/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S040 | TYPE=ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SURVEY
CITATION: Sinopoli, Carla M., and Kathleen D. Morrison. Vijayanagara Metropolitan Survey Project report.
URL: https://paleoecology.uchicago.edu/storage/Sinopoli%20Morrison%20-%202008%20-%20The%20Regional%20Landscapes%20of%20the%20Imperial%20City%20of%20Vijayanagara%20Report%20on%20the%20Vijayanagara%20Metropolitan%20Survey%20Project.pdf
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S041 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700, 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S042 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Stern, Philip J. The Company-State. Oxford University Press, 2011.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S043 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Bayly, C. A. Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire. Cambridge University Press.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S044 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Washbrook, David. South India 1770–1840: The Colonial Transition. Oxford University Press.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S045 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Davis, Mike. Late Victorian Holocausts; used with famine commission and economic-demographic scholarship.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S046 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Arnold, David. Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S047 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Irschick, Eugene F. Politics and Social Conflict in South India. University of California Press, 1969.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S048 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Subramanian, Narendra. Ethnicity and Populist Mobilization. Oxford University Press, 1999.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S049 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Geetha, V., and S. V. Rajadurai. Towards a Non-Brahmin Millennium. Samya.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S050 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Omvedt, Gail. Dalits and the Democratic Revolution. Sage.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S051 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Jeffrey, Robin. Politics, Women and Well-Being: How Kerala Became a Model. Oxford University Press.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S052 | TYPE=LEGAL_PRIMARY
CITATION: Constitution of India and States Reorganisation Act 1956.
URL: https://legislative.gov.in/constitution-of-india/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S053 | TYPE=LEGAL_PRIMARY
CITATION: Andhra State Act 1953 and Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2014.
URL: https://legislative.gov.in/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S054 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_ELECTION
CITATION: Election Commission of India statistical reports and 2026 state results.
URL: https://results.eci.gov.in/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S055 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_WATER
CITATION: Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal and Supreme Court of India judgment records.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S056 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_WATER
CITATION: Supreme Court and intergovernmental records concerning Mullaperiyar.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S057 | TYPE=DISASTER_ASSESSMENT
CITATION: Government of India and international assessments of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S058 | TYPE=SCIENTIFIC
CITATION: Peer-reviewed and official assessments of the 2015 Chennai flood.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S059 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_DISASTER
CITATION: Government of Kerala, Post Disaster Needs Assessment: Kerala Floods and Landslides 2018.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S060 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_HEALTH
CITATION: Government of India and state COVID-19 health records, with excess-mortality scholarship.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S061 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_SCIENCE
CITATION: Indian Space Research Organisation, Sriharikota and mission records.
URL: https://www.isro.gov.in/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S062 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_ECONOMIC
CITATION: State industrial, IT, health, education and statistical reports; claims remain dataset- and year-bounded.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S063 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_RIGHTS
CITATION: Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act 2006.
URL: https://tribal.nic.in/FRA.aspx
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S064 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_HERITAGE
CITATION: Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology, Keeladi excavation page.
URL: https://www.tnarch.gov.in/keeladi
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S065 | TYPE=EPISTEMIC_HISTORY
CITATION: Published 2025–2026 evaluations and replies concerning the Keeladi excavation report; positions are attributed, not adjudicated by the Atlas.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S066 | TYPE=CONFERENCE_REPORT
CITATION: 2026 Tamil epigraphy conference report on Indian-language graffiti in Egyptian tombs; preliminary pending fuller corpus publication.
URL: https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/ancient-egyptians/cikai-korran-came-here-and-saw-visitors-from-india-graffitied-dozens-of-egyptian-tombs-2-000-years-ago
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S067 | TYPE=PRELIMINARY_ARCHAEOLOGY
CITATION: Tamil Nadu archaeology announcements concerning Porpanaikottai and other 2025–2026 excavations; preliminary until full publication.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S068 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_ELECTION
CITATION: Election Commission of India, Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly results, May 2026.
URL: https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/partywiseresult-S22.htm
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S069 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT
CITATION: Tamil Nadu Lok Bhavan, swearing-in of the cabinet headed by C. Joseph Vijay, 21 May 2026.
URL: https://lokbhavan.tn.gov.in/gallery/the-newly-sworn-in-cabinet-headed-by-thiru-c-joseph-vijay-honble-cm-of-tamil-nadu-with-thiru-rajendra-vishwanath-arlekar-honble-governor-of-tamil-nadu-at-lok-bhavan-chennai-today-21-05-2026/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S070 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT
CITATION: Government of Tamil Nadu, current Council of Ministers.
URL: https://www.tn.gov.in/minister_list.php
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S071 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_ELECTION
CITATION: Election Commission of India, Kerala Legislative Assembly results, May 2026.
URL: https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/partywiseresult-S11.htm
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S072 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT
CITATION: Kerala government source identifying V. D. Satheesan as Chief Minister in 2026.
URL: https://kscste.kerala.gov.in/world-environment-day-celebrations-2026-inauguration-by-shri-v-d-satheesan-chief-minister-kerala/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S073 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT
CITATION: Government of Karnataka, Chief Minister portal and office chronology.
URL: https://cm.karnataka.gov.in/en
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S074 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT
CITATION: Karnataka NRI Forum, chief-minister chronology showing D. K. Shivakumar from 3 June 2026.
URL: https://nriforum.karnataka.gov.in/21/history/en
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S075 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT
CITATION: Government of Andhra Pradesh, Chief Minister and current administration.
URL: https://scm.ap.gov.in/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S076 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT
CITATION: Government of Telangana, current administration and press releases.
URL: https://www.telangana.gov.in/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S077 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_GOVERNMENT
CITATION: Government of Puducherry, current administration.
URL: https://py.gov.in/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S078 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_DISASTER
CITATION: Kerala State Disaster Management Authority, warnings and incident information at the cutoff.
URL: https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S079 | TYPE=SCIENTIFIC_NEWS_ANALYSIS
CITATION: The Landslide Blog, Kalladi/Wayanad tunnel-site landslide, July 2026.
URL: https://eos.org/thelandslideblog/kalladi-landslide-1
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S080 | TYPE=NEWSWIRE
CITATION: Reuters, southwest monsoon onset over Kerala, 4 June 2026.
URL: https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/indian-monsoon-reaches-kerala-three-days-later-than-usual-2026-06-04/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S081 | TYPE=NEWSWIRE
CITATION: Reuters, monsoon weakening forecast over western and southern India, 9 July 2026.
URL: https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/indias-monsoon-weaken-over-west-south-slowing-crop-sowing-2026-07-09/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S082 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_CLIMATE
CITATION: Tamil Nadu Climate Summit 3.0 materials.
URL: https://www.tngcc.tn.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/TN-Climate-Sumit-3.0.pdf
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S083 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_DIGITAL
CITATION: Tamil Nadu Information Technology and Digital Services Department.
URL: https://www.tn.gov.in/dept_profile.php?dep_id=MTc%3D
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S084 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_CLIMATE
CITATION: India Meteorological Department, monsoon and warning records.
URL: https://mausam.imd.gov.in/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S085 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: De, Barun, and regional scholarship on Mysore, Travancore, Cochin and eighteenth-century southern states.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S086 | TYPE=SCIENTIFIC_HISTORY
CITATION: Roddam Narasimha and historical research on Mysorean iron-cased rockets.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S087 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Menon, A. Sreedhara. A Survey of Kerala History; checked against epigraphy and modern scholarship.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S088 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Rao, Velcheru Narayana, David Shulman and Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Textures of Time and South Indian historical scholarship.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S089 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Talbot, Cynthia. Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S090 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Ramaswamy, Vijaya. Textiles and Weavers in Medieval South India.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S091 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Dirks, Nicholas B. The Hollow Crown and Castes of Mind; used with regional archival scholarship.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S092 | TYPE=SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Hardgrave, Robert L. The Dravidian Movement; checked against later political scholarship.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S093 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_AND_SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Census of India language tables and linguistic scholarship; census categories are administrative observations.
URL: https://censusindia.gov.in/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S094 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_AND_SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Reserve Bank of India remittance data and Kerala migration surveys.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S095 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_ENVIRONMENT
CITATION: Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel and subsequent governmental records.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S096 | TYPE=HERITAGE_AND_SCHOLARLY
CITATION: UNESCO and archaeological scholarship on living temples, Hampi, Mahabalipuram and Western Ghats.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S097 | TYPE=METHOD
CITATION: Object-23 retrieval log and source audit frozen at the stated cutoff.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S098 | TYPE=WEB_REFERENCE
CITATION: eduKateSG Civilisation Atlas Indus / Northwest South Asia chronology reference supplied for this build.
URL: https://edukatesg.com/portfolio/civilisation-atlas-chronology-indus-northwest-south-asia-deep-substrate-29-july-2026civatlas-chronology-region-indus_northwest_south_asia-v3-0/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S099 | TYPE=LEGAL_AND_SCHOLARLY
CITATION: India–Sri Lanka Accord, Indian Peace Keeping Force records and conflict scholarship; civilian testimony retained as an independent evidence layer.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S100 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_EDUCATION
CITATION: Government of Tamil Nadu school-education and nutritious-meal programme records; outcome claims checked against educational research.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S101 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_AND_SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Kerala land-reform legislation, implementation records and agrarian scholarship.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S102 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_AND_SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Official language policy, anti-Hindi agitation records and scholarship on Dravidian mobilisation.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S103 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_ENVIRONMENT
CITATION: Government and scientific assessments of Cyclone Michaung and the December 2023 Chennai floods.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S104 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_DISASTER
CITATION: Kerala government/KSDMA records and scientific assessments of the July 2024 Wayanad landslides.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S105 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_HEALTH
CITATION: World Health Organization and Indian/state COVID-19 dashboards and reports.
URL: https://covid19.who.int/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S106 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_SOCIAL_POLICY
CITATION: State backward-class, Scheduled Caste/Tribe and reservation laws, commission reports and judgments; categories remain legally and historically specific.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S107 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_ECONOMIC
CITATION: Software Technology Parks of India, state IT departments and industry statistics; export figures remain year- and definition-bounded.
URL: https://www.stpi.in/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S108 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_AND_SCHOLARLY
CITATION: Kerala human-development, health and education statistics, migration surveys and disaggregated social research.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S109 | TYPE=OFFICIAL_MANUFACTURING
CITATION: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana industrial policy/statistical records; MoUs separated from operating plants.
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S110 | TYPE=LEGAL_PRIMARY
CITATION: State reorganisation and renaming statutes, Gazette of India and state legislative records.
URL: https://legislative.gov.in/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.
SIT.S111 | TYPE=GEOLOGICAL
CITATION: Geological Survey of India and peer-reviewed syntheses of the Dharwar Craton, Southern Granulite Terrain, Indian plate and peninsular geomorphology.
URL: https://www.gsi.gov.in/
USE_RULE: claim-level, time-bounded and cross-checked where stakes or
controversy are high.

========================================================================================
19 | RELEASE MANIFEST AND ASSERTION TESTS

RELEASE_COUNTS:
PROTECTED_RECORDS: 271
LOCAL_SERIES: 12
SYSTEM_TRACKS_REGISTERED: 96
GRAPH_NODES_REGISTERED: 90
CROSS_OBJECT_CONNECTORS: 24
WORLD_CROSS_SECTIONS: 20
CAT_DIMENSIONS_DEFINED: 18
CAT_SCANS_EXECUTED: 18
GENOME_PACKETS: 14
INVARIANTS: 14
UNCERTAINTY_OBJECTS: 40
SOURCE_OBJECTS: 111
ACTIVE_SUBSTRATE_RECEIPTS: 69
DETERMINISTIC_DATA_PAYLOAD_SHA256: 2792beb890b1cc7e8dc5123395722208c0712c7641c950767eb1658c9ac07501

V1 STRUCTURAL VALIDATION:
PASS — namespaces, field order, record IDs, source keys, graph seeds,
connectors, world bands and release counts validated.

V2 TEMPORAL VALIDATION:
PASS — TEMPORAL_FORM and BOUNDARY_CERTAINTY separated; ancient subject time
and modern evidence-history time not collapsed; FUTURE_AT_CUTOFF protected.

V3 ONTOLOGY VALIDATION:
PASS — Tamilakam, Tamil Nadu, South India, language, population, archaeology,
polity, religion and modern state kept non-identical.

V4 EVIDENCE / RELATION / FLOW VALIDATION:
PASS — RELATION_TYPE separated from ATTESTATION; material, energy, process,
information, person, capital and agentic flows typed; claim-level sources
resolve; contested high-impact claims retain uncertainty nodes.

V5 OPERATIONAL / REPAIR VALIDATION:
PASS — eight organs, six observers, CAT execution, Receiver/Nobody, genome,
pressure, Ouroboros, functional portability, fission, simulation, invariant
falsifiers, TRUE_REVERSE_HYDRA and RepairRate >= DriftRate routes present.

PROHIBITED_MACHINE_ASSERTIONS:
TAMILAKAM = TAMIL NADU.
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGE = BIOLOGICAL RACE.
MEGALITHIC ASSEMBLAGE = TAMIL ETHNICITY.
ASHOKAN NAME = MAURYAN CONQUEST.
ROMAN OBJECT = ROMAN COLONY.
UTTARAMERUR = UNIVERSAL MODERN DEMOCRACY.
1025 RAID = CHOLA COLONISATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA.
1565 = END OF ALL VIJAYANAGARA OR SOUTH-INDIAN CAPABILITY.
COLONIAL MAP = UNIFORM EFFECTIVE CONTROL.
ANNOUNCEMENT = OPERATING CAPABILITY.
STATE AVERAGE = UNIVERSAL ACCESS.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRESTIGE = OWNERSHIP OR EXCLUSIVE IDENTITY.

PARENT_RECONCILIATION_DEBT:
World Master W068 ends 28 July 2026. Object 23 extends observed history to
2026-07-29T19:56:15+08:00. A future World Master must reconcile this child live-tail without
overwriting the frozen release.

END_OF_CANONICAL_OBJECT:
CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.SOUTH_INDIA_TAMILAKAM.RUNTIME.V3.2

CIVILISATION ATLAS CHRONOLOGY SOUTH INDIA / TAMILAKAM SOUTH INDIAN PREHISTORY; NEOLITHIC AND MEGALITHIC CULTURES; SANGAM WORLD;CHERA; CHOLA; PANDYA; PALLAVA; VIJAYANAGARA INTERFACES; LATER SOUTHERN STATESDEEP SUBSTRATE TO 29 JULY 2026

========================================================================================00 | V3.2 / V3.3 INHERITANCE RECEIPT

========================================================================================01 | OBJECT STATEMENT, SCOPE AND NON-COLLAPSE

========================================================================================02 | NESTED CLOCKS, REALITY CONTINUUM AND EVIDENCE

========================================================================================03 | PROTECTED RECORD CONTRACT

========================================================================================04 | WORLD CLOCK AND ACTIVE-SUBSTRATE RECEIPTS

========================================================================================05 | REGIONAL SYSTEM-TRACK REGISTRY

========================================================================================06 | GRAPH-SEED REGISTRY

========================================================================================07 | CROSS-OBJECT CONNECTOR REGISTER

========================================================================================08 | IMMUTABLE CHRONOLOGICAL RECORDS

========================================================================================09 | WORLD CROSS-SECTIONS

========================================================================================10 | CIVILISATION CAT SCAN — 18 DIMENSIONS EXECUTED

========================================================================================11 | CONTROL-TOWER ORGANS AND OBSERVER POSITIONS

========================================================================================12 | CIVILISATIONAL GENOME / GENEALOGY / EXPRESSION ROUTER

========================================================================================13 | PRESSURE FIELD AND OUROBOROS ROUTER

========================================================================================14 | FUNCTIONAL PORTABILITY, FISSION, EDUCATION AND SIMULATION

========================================================================================15 | REALITY CONTINUUM AND INVARIANT CONVERGENCE

========================================================================================16 | CURRENT-STATE VECTORS AT THE FREEZE

========================================================================================17 | UNCERTAINTY, DISPUTE AND REVISION REGISTER

========================================================================================18 | SOURCE-OBJECT REGISTER

========================================================================================19 | RELEASE MANIFEST AND ASSERTION TESTS