A graph does not interpret itself
A class compares plant growth under different conditions. One group grows slightly taller on average, but individual results overlap. The gold standard of results interpretation asks what the evidence actually supports and what remains uncertain.
Return to the original question
Interpretation should answer the stated research question rather than inventing a new claim after seeing the data.
Describe before explaining
Separate observed differences, patterns and variation from proposed causes.
Consider uncertainty
Measurement limits, sample size and natural variability affect confidence in conclusions.
Avoid overgeneralisation
A result from a small classroom experiment may not apply to every plant or environment.
Examine alternative explanations
Differences in watering, soil or measurement methods may affect apparent treatment effects.
Communicate clearly
Use appropriate graphs, units and qualified language to distinguish findings from speculation.
Break-test: the average differs but individual results overlap
Can students explain why a visible difference does not automatically establish a strong causal effect?
Connected knowledge
See Replication Evidence, Statistical Reasoning and MOE Syllabuses.