Wells travel vocabulary for visiting and touring the UK: 100 distinctive English words, architectural terms and place names with British-English pronunciation, Simplified Chinese meanings and bilingual learning notes. Explore Wells Cathedral, the Scissor Arches, Vicars’ Close, Bishop’s Palace, medieval clock, market, Mendip geology and cathedral music.
Wells rewards close reading. One route can move from structural engineering in the cathedral crossing to residential conservation in Vicars’ Close, defensive architecture at the Bishop’s Palace, medieval clockwork, cave geology and a living choral tradition.
韦尔斯英汉旅行词汇：用 100 个独特英语词语学习韦尔斯大教堂、剪刀拱、Vicars’ Close、主教宫、中世纪时钟、市场、门迪普地质与大教堂音乐。
Wells: cathedral engineering, living medieval street and palace city
Wells Cathedral describes itself as the earliest English cathedral built in the Gothic style and is especially famous for the Scissor Arches, medieval clock and Vicars’ Close. The Vicars’ Close Project is currently conserving 27 Grade I houses plus the Chapel, Hall, kitchen and Treasury Block while preparing new visitor access.
The Bishop’s Palace adds more than eight centuries of episcopal history, together with moat, drawbridge, ramparts, gardens and the famous swan tradition. Outside the city core, Mendip limestone gives Wells a geological vocabulary of caves, karst and historic lead mining.
Wells Cathedral visitor information · Vicars’ Close Project · The Bishop’s Palace.
The 100-word contents
- 1–10: Cathedral engineering and West Front
- 11–20: Chapter House and Vicars’ Close
- 21–30: Vicars Choral and conservation
- 31–40: Wells clock and library
- 41–50: Bishop’s Palace and swans
- 51–60: Palace, Market Place and gates
- 61–70: Parish church and Mendip geology
- 71–80: Caves, lead and cathedral school
- 81–90: Choir, Scissor Arches and glass
- 91–100: Archives, markets and city identity
1–10: Cathedral engineering and West Front
1. Wells Cathedral /ˈwelz kəˈθiːdrəl/
Meaning: medieval cathedral in Wells, Somerset, renowned for Early English Gothic architecture. 中文：韦尔斯大教堂。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. Wells Cathedral.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
2. Scissor Arches /ˈsɪzə ˌɑːtʃɪz/
Meaning: large crossed masonry arches inserted to stabilise the central tower. 中文：剪刀拱。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Scissor Arches.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
3. crossing strainer arches /ˈkrɒsɪŋ ˈstreɪnə ˌɑːtʃɪz/
Meaning: arches built across the crossing to resist structural movement. 中文：交叉部支撑拱。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. crossing strainer arches.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
4. William Joy /ˌwɪljəm ˈdʒɔɪ/
Meaning: medieval master mason associated with the Scissor Arches. 中文：威廉·乔伊。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. William Joy.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
5. central tower settlement /ˌsentrəl ˈtaʊə ˌsetəlmənt/
Meaning: downward movement of a cathedral’s central tower and supports. 中文：中央塔沉降。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. central tower settlement.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
6. Wells west front /ˈwelz west frʌnt/
Meaning: monumental sculpted western façade of Wells Cathedral. 中文：韦尔斯西立面。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Wells west front.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
7. West Front statues /ˌwest frʌnt ˈstætʃuːz/
Meaning: large programme of medieval carved figures on the cathedral façade. 中文：西立面雕像群。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. West Front statues.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
8. Early English Gothic /ˌɜːli ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈɡɒθɪk/
Meaning: early phase of English Gothic architecture characterised by pointed arches and lancets. 中文：早期英国哥特式。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. Early English Gothic.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
9. lancet triplet /ˈlɑːnsɪt ˌtrɪplət/
Meaning: group of three tall narrow pointed windows. 中文：三联尖顶窗。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. lancet triplet.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
10. chapter house staircase /ˈtʃæptə haʊs ˌsteəkeɪs/
Meaning: staircase leading to the cathedral chapter house. 中文：教士会议厅楼梯。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. chapter house staircase.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
11–20: Chapter House and Vicars’ Close
11. Wells Chapter House /ˈwelz ˈtʃæptə haʊs/
Meaning: octagonal meeting house of Wells Cathedral’s chapter. 中文：韦尔斯教士会议厅。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. Wells Chapter House.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
12. octagonal chapter house Wells /ɒkˈtæɡənəl ˈtʃæptə haʊs welz/
Meaning: eight-sided cathedral meeting house at Wells. 中文：韦尔斯八角教士会议厅。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. octagonal chapter house Wells.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
13. central column palm /ˈsentrəl ˈkɒləm pɑːm/
Meaning: central support whose ribs spread outward like palm leaves. 中文：棕榈状中央柱。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. central column palm.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
14. chapter-house vault /ˈtʃæptə haʊs vɔːlt/
Meaning: stone vault roofing a cathedral chapter house. 中文：会议厅拱顶。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. chapter-house vault.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
15. Chain Bridge Wells /ˈtʃeɪn brɪdʒ welz/
Meaning: covered bridge linking the cathedral precinct with Vicars’ Close. 中文：韦尔斯链桥。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. Chain Bridge Wells.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
16. Vicars’ Close /ˈvɪkəz kləʊs/
Meaning: medieval residential street built for Wells Cathedral’s Vicars Choral. 中文：唱诗班牧师街。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. Vicars’ Close.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
17. Vicars’ Hall /ˈvɪkəz hɔːl/
Meaning: communal hall serving the Vicars Choral. 中文：唱诗班牧师大厅。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. Vicars’ Hall.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
18. Vicars’ Chapel /ˈvɪkəz ˌtʃæpəl/
Meaning: chapel belonging to the Vicars Choral community. 中文：唱诗班牧师礼拜堂。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Vicars’ Chapel.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
19. Treasury Block /ˈtreʒəri blɒk/
Meaning: historic range containing treasury and institutional rooms. 中文：宝库建筑。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. Treasury Block.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
20. medieval kitchen Wells /ˌmediˈiːvəl ˈkɪtʃɪn welz/
Meaning: historic kitchen serving the Vicars’ Close community. 中文：韦尔斯中世纪厨房。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. medieval kitchen Wells.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
21–30: Vicars Choral and conservation
21. cathedral choir vicars /kəˈθiːdrəl ˈkwaɪə ˌvɪkəz/
Meaning: adult professional singers attached to a cathedral choir. 中文：大教堂唱诗班牧师。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. cathedral choir vicars.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
22. vicar choral /ˈvɪkə ˌkɔːrəl/
Meaning: adult singer holding an endowed post in a cathedral choir. 中文：唱诗班牧师。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. vicar choral.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
23. college of vicars /ˈkɒlɪdʒ əv ˈvɪkəz/
Meaning: corporate community of cathedral Vicars Choral. 中文：牧师团体。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. college of vicars.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
24. original-purpose housing /əˌrɪdʒənəl ˈpɜːpəs ˌhaʊzɪŋ/
Meaning: housing still used for the purpose for which it was originally built. 中文：保持原用途的住宅。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. original-purpose housing.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
25. Vicars Close foundation 1348 /ˌvɪkəz kləʊs faʊnˈdeɪʃən ˌθɜːtiːn fɔːti ˈeɪt/
Meaning: foundation of Vicars’ Close in the fourteenth century. 中文：1348 年牧师街创立。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. Vicars Close foundation 1348.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
26. Vicars’ Close Project /ˈvɪkəz kləʊs ˌprɒdʒekt/
Meaning: major conservation and access programme for Vicars’ Close. 中文：牧师街保护项目。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Vicars’ Close Project.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
27. water ingress repair /ˈwɔːtər ˈɪnɡres rɪˌpeə/
Meaning: work stopping damaging water from entering a historic building. 中文：渗水修复。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. water ingress repair.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
28. Grade I houses /ˌɡreɪd ˈwʌn ˈhaʊzɪz/
Meaning: houses listed at England’s highest heritage grade. 中文：一级保护住宅。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. Grade I houses.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
29. medieval treasury Wells /ˌmediˈiːvəl ˈtreʒəri welz/
Meaning: historic treasury space within the Vicars’ Close complex. 中文：韦尔斯中世纪宝库。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. medieval treasury Wells.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
30. conservation management plan /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən ˈmænɪdʒmənt plæn/
Meaning: document guiding long-term protection and change at a heritage site. 中文：保护管理计划。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. conservation management plan.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
31–40: Wells clock and library
31. Wells clock /ˈwelz klɒk/
Meaning: historic astronomical clock at Wells Cathedral. 中文：韦尔斯古钟。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. Wells clock.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
32. astronomical clock face Wells /ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkəl ˈklɒk feɪs welz/
Meaning: clock dial showing astronomical information as well as time. 中文：韦尔斯天文钟面。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. astronomical clock face Wells.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
33. jousting knights automaton /ˈdʒaʊstɪŋ naɪts ɔːˈtɒmətən/
Meaning: mechanical figures of knights rotating in a tournament scene. 中文：骑士比武自动装置。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. jousting knights automaton.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
34. Jack Blandifers /ˌdʒæk ˈblændɪfəz/
Meaning: mechanical figures striking bells above the Wells clock. 中文：Jack Blandifers 报时人偶。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Jack Blandifers.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
35. moon phase display Wells /ˈmuːn feɪz dɪˌspleɪ welz/
Meaning: clock feature showing the changing phase of the Moon. 中文：韦尔斯月相显示。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. moon phase display Wells.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
36. clock dial rotation /ˈklɒk daɪəl rəʊˌteɪʃən/
Meaning: movement of a clock dial or indicator around its face. 中文：钟面旋转。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. clock dial rotation.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
37. Wells clock mechanism /ˈwelz ˈklɒk ˌmekənɪzəm/
Meaning: gearing and control system operating the cathedral clock. 中文：韦尔斯时钟机构。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. Wells clock mechanism.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
38. medieval astronomical clock Wells /ˌmediˈiːvəl ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkəl klɒk welz/
Meaning: medieval clock combining timekeeping with astronomical display. 中文：韦尔斯中世纪天文钟。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. medieval astronomical clock Wells.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
39. Wells Cathedral library /ˈwelz kəˈθiːdrəl ˌlaɪbrəri/
Meaning: historic cathedral book collection and reading space. 中文：韦尔斯大教堂图书馆。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. Wells Cathedral library.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
40. chained library books /ˌtʃeɪnd ˈlaɪbrəri bʊks/
Meaning: books secured by chains to prevent removal. 中文：链式固定图书。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. chained library books.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
41–50: Bishop’s Palace and swans
41. Wells Bishop’s Palace /ˈwelz ˌbɪʃəps ˈpælɪs/
Meaning: medieval residence of the Bishops of Bath and Wells. 中文：韦尔斯主教宫。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. Wells Bishop’s Palace.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
42. Wells Bishop’s Eye /ˈwelz ˌbɪʃəps ˈaɪ/
Meaning: gate leading from Wells Market Place towards the Bishop’s Palace. 中文：韦尔斯主教之眼门。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Wells Bishop’s Eye.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
43. palace gatehouse /ˈpælɪs ˈɡeɪthaʊs/
Meaning: controlled entrance building to a palace. 中文：宫殿门楼。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. palace gatehouse.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
44. palace moat /ˈpælɪs məʊt/
Meaning: water-filled defensive ditch surrounding a palace. 中文：宫殿护城河。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. palace moat.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
45. Bishop’s Palace drawbridge /ˌbɪʃəps ˈpælɪs ˈdrɔːbrɪdʒ/
Meaning: movable bridge crossing the moat at the Bishop’s Palace. 中文：主教宫吊桥。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. Bishop’s Palace drawbridge.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
46. crenellated rampart /ˈkrenəleɪtɪd ˈræmpɑːt/
Meaning: defensive wall topped with alternating raised merlons and gaps. 中文：垛口城墙。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. crenellated rampart.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
47. swan bell /ˈswɒn bel/
Meaning: bell associated with the Bishop’s Palace swans and feeding tradition. 中文：天鹅铃。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. swan bell.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
48. moat swans /ˈməʊt swɒnz/
Meaning: swans living on the Bishop’s Palace moat. 中文：护城河天鹅。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. moat swans.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
49. bell-ringing swan /ˈbel ˌrɪŋɪŋ swɒn/
Meaning: swan trained in the local tradition of ringing a bell for food. 中文：会拉铃的天鹅。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. bell-ringing swan.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
50. Palace gardens /ˈpælɪs ˌɡɑːdənz/
Meaning: historic gardens surrounding the Bishop’s Palace. 中文：主教宫花园。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Palace gardens.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
51–60: Palace, Market Place and gates
51. Great Hall ruins Wells /ˌɡreɪt hɔːl ˈruːɪnz welz/
Meaning: surviving medieval ruins of the Bishop’s Palace Great Hall. 中文：韦尔斯大会堂遗址。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. Great Hall ruins Wells.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
52. deer park licence /ˈdɪə pɑːk ˌlaɪsəns/
Meaning: royal permission to create or maintain a medieval deer park. 中文：鹿园许可。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. deer park licence.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
53. Bishop Jocelin /ˌbɪʃəp ˈdʒɒsəlɪn/
Meaning: thirteenth-century bishop associated with the palace’s early development. 中文：乔斯林主教。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. Bishop Jocelin.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
54. Wells Palace moat /ˈwelz ˈpælɪs məʊt/
Meaning: moat surrounding the Bishop’s Palace at Wells. 中文：韦尔斯主教宫护城河。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Wells Palace moat.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
55. RHS Partner Garden /ˌɑːr eɪtʃ ˈes ˈpɑːtnə ˌɡɑːdən/
Meaning: garden participating in the Royal Horticultural Society partner scheme. 中文：RHS 合作花园。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. RHS Partner Garden.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
56. palace chapel /ˈpælɪs ˌtʃæpəl/
Meaning: chapel serving a bishop’s or royal palace. 中文：宫殿礼拜堂。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. palace chapel.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
57. Wells Market Place /ˈwelz ˈmɑːkɪt pleɪs/
Meaning: historic market square beside cathedral and palace gates. 中文：韦尔斯市场广场。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. Wells Market Place.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
58. Penniless Porch /ˈpeniləs pɔːtʃ/
Meaning: historic covered entrance beside Wells Cathedral. 中文：无钱者门廊。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Penniless Porch.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
59. Browne’s Gate /ˈbraʊnz ɡeɪt/
Meaning: historic gateway associated with the cathedral precinct. 中文：布朗门。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. Browne’s Gate.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
60. High Street Wells /ˈhaɪ striːt welz/
Meaning: main central shopping street in Wells. 中文：韦尔斯高街。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. High Street Wells.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
61–70: Parish church and Mendip geology
61. St Cuthbert’s Church Wells /sənt ˈkʌθbəts tʃɜːtʃ welz/
Meaning: large medieval parish church in Wells. 中文：韦尔斯圣卡斯伯特教堂。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. St Cuthbert’s Church Wells.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
62. Somerset tower /ˈsʌməsət ˌtaʊə/
Meaning: ornate late-medieval church tower characteristic of Somerset. 中文：萨默塞特教堂塔。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Somerset tower.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
63. Perpendicular parish tower /ˌpɜːpənˈdɪkjʊlə ˈpærɪʃ ˌtaʊə/
Meaning: parish-church tower built in Perpendicular Gothic style. 中文：垂直哥特式堂区塔。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. Perpendicular parish tower.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
64. Wells and Mendip Museum /ˈwelz ən ˈmendɪp mjuːˌziːəm/
Meaning: museum interpreting local archaeology, geology and history. 中文：韦尔斯与门迪普博物馆。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. Wells and Mendip Museum.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
65. cave archaeology /ˈkeɪv ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/
Meaning: archaeological study of human and environmental evidence in caves. 中文：洞穴考古。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. cave archaeology.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
66. Mendip limestone /ˈmendɪp ˈlaɪmstəʊn/
Meaning: limestone forming much of the Mendip Hills. 中文：门迪普石灰岩。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Mendip limestone.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
67. karst plateau /ˈkɑːst ˌplætəʊ/
Meaning: upland limestone landscape shaped by solution and underground drainage. 中文：喀斯特高原。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. karst plateau.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
68. swallow hole /ˈswɒləʊ həʊl/
Meaning: opening where surface water disappears underground. 中文：落水洞。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. swallow hole.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
69. limestone gorge /ˈlaɪmstəʊn ɡɔːdʒ/
Meaning: steep valley cut through limestone. 中文：石灰岩峡谷。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. limestone gorge.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
70. stalactite /ˈstæləktaɪt/
Meaning: mineral deposit hanging from a cave ceiling. 中文：钟乳石。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. stalactite.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
71–80: Caves, lead and cathedral school
71. stalagmite /ˈstæləɡmaɪt/
Meaning: mineral deposit growing upward from a cave floor. 中文：石笋。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. stalagmite.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
72. Mendip Hills /ˈmendɪp hɪlz/
Meaning: limestone uplands north of Wells. 中文：门迪普丘陵。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. Mendip Hills.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
73. Carboniferous limestone Mendip /ˌkɑːbənˈɪfərəs ˈlaɪmstəʊn ˈmendɪp/
Meaning: Carboniferous-age limestone forming major Mendip geology. 中文：门迪普石炭纪石灰岩。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. Carboniferous limestone Mendip.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
74. lead-mining archaeology /ˈled ˌmaɪnɪŋ ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/
Meaning: archaeological remains of historic lead extraction and processing. 中文：铅矿考古。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. lead-mining archaeology.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
75. Roman lead ingot /ˈrəʊmən ˈled ˌɪŋɡət/
Meaning: cast block of lead produced during the Roman period. 中文：罗马铅锭。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. Roman lead ingot.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
76. Wells Cathedral School /ˈwelz kəˈθiːdrəl skuːl/
Meaning: historic school associated with Wells Cathedral. 中文：韦尔斯大教堂学校。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. Wells Cathedral School.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
77. chorister school Wells /ˈkɒrɪstə skuːl welz/
Meaning: school educating children who sing in the cathedral choir. 中文：韦尔斯唱诗班学校。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. chorister school Wells.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
78. chorister boarding /ˈkɒrɪstə ˌbɔːdɪŋ/
Meaning: residential accommodation and routine for choristers. 中文：唱诗班寄宿。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. chorister boarding.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
79. cathedral music list /kəˈθiːdrəl ˈmjuːzɪk lɪst/
Meaning: published schedule of music for cathedral services. 中文：大教堂音乐表。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. cathedral music list.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
80. evensong choir Wells /ˈiːvənsɒŋ ˈkwaɪə welz/
Meaning: choir singing the evening cathedral service at Wells. 中文：韦尔斯晚祷合唱团。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. evensong choir Wells.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
81–90: Choir, Scissor Arches and glass
81. Wells Cathedral organ /ˈwelz kəˈθiːdrəl ˈɔːɡən/
Meaning: pipe organ used in worship and concerts at Wells Cathedral. 中文：韦尔斯大教堂管风琴。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. Wells Cathedral organ.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
82. Wells nave arcades /ˈwelz neɪv ɑːˌkeɪdz/
Meaning: rows of arches dividing the cathedral nave from side aisles. 中文：韦尔斯中殿拱列。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Wells nave arcades.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
83. inverted arches /ɪnˈvɜːtɪd ˌɑːtʃɪz/
Meaning: arches whose lower curves reverse the normal arch profile. 中文：倒置拱。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. inverted arches.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
84. strainer arch /ˈstreɪnər ɑːtʃ/
Meaning: arch inserted to brace or stabilise a structure. 中文：支撑拱。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. strainer arch.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
85. scissor-arch masonry /ˈsɪzər ɑːtʃ ˈmeɪsənri/
Meaning: stonework forming a crossed scissor-like brace. 中文：剪刀拱石砌结构。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. scissor-arch masonry.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
86. Wells font /ˈwelz fɒnt/
Meaning: baptismal font in Wells Cathedral. 中文：韦尔斯洗礼盆。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Wells font.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
87. Purbeck columns Wells /ˈpɜːbek ˌkɒləmz welz/
Meaning: polished dark Purbeck stone columns used decoratively at Wells. 中文：韦尔斯 Purbeck 石柱。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. Purbeck columns Wells.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
88. Wells misericords /ˈwelz mɪˈzerɪkɔːdz/
Meaning: carved supports beneath folding choir seats at Wells Cathedral. 中文：韦尔斯座椅支托雕刻。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. Wells misericords.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
89. Jesse Window /ˈdʒesi ˌwɪndəʊ/
Meaning: medieval stained-glass window depicting the family tree of Christ. 中文：耶西之树彩窗。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. Jesse Window.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
90. Jesse Tree glass /ˈdʒesi triː ɡlɑːs/
Meaning: stained glass illustrating the Tree of Jesse theme. 中文：耶西树彩玻璃。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Jesse Tree glass.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
91–100: Archives, markets and city identity
91. medieval choir stalls Wells /ˌmediˈiːvəl ˈkwaɪə stɔːlz welz/
Meaning: historic choir seating in Wells Cathedral. 中文：韦尔斯中世纪唱诗班座席。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. medieval choir stalls Wells.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
92. Muniment Room Wells /ˈmjuːnɪmənt ruːm welz/
Meaning: room storing institutional deeds and historic documents. 中文：韦尔斯档案文书室。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. Muniment Room Wells.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
93. cathedral archive chest /kəˈθiːdrəl ˈɑːkaɪv tʃest/
Meaning: chest used to store cathedral documents or valuables. 中文：大教堂档案箱。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. cathedral archive chest.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
94. bishop’s register /ˈbɪʃəps ˌredʒɪstə/
Meaning: official record of episcopal acts and administration. 中文：主教登记簿。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. bishop’s register.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
95. weekly market Wells /ˈwiːkli ˈmɑːkɪt welz/
Meaning: regular weekly market held in central Wells. 中文：韦尔斯周市。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. weekly market Wells.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
96. market stalls Wells /ˈmɑːkɪt stɔːlz welz/
Meaning: temporary trading stands in Wells Market Place. 中文：韦尔斯市场摊位。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. market stalls Wells.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
97. Wells Festival of Literature /ˈwelz ˌfestɪvəl əv ˈlɪtrətʃə/
Meaning: annual literary festival held in Wells. 中文：韦尔斯文学节。
Learning use: Attach the term to the building detail, document, landscape or ritual it names. Wells Festival of Literature.
把这个词与它所指的建筑细节、文献、景观或仪式连接起来。
98. Wells city status /ˈwelz ˈsɪti ˌsteɪtəs/
Meaning: historic civic status linked with Wells Cathedral. 中文：韦尔斯城市地位。
Learning use: Use the word when a broad label such as ‘arch’ or ‘palace’ would hide a useful distinction. Wells city status.
当“拱”或“宫殿”这类笼统词会掩盖区别时，使用这个术语。
99. cathedral city Wells /kəˈθiːdrəl ˈsɪti welz/
Meaning: identity of Wells as a small city centred on its cathedral. 中文：韦尔斯大教堂城市身份。
Learning use: Draw the structure or route and place the term where it belongs. cathedral city Wells.
画出结构或路线，并把这个词放到正确位置。
100. Wells local identity /ˈwelz ˈləʊkəl aɪˌdentəti/
Meaning: local identity shaped by cathedral, palace, market and Mendip landscape. 中文：韦尔斯地方身份。
Learning use: Explain the term in plain English, then retrieve the specialist wording. Wells local identity.
先用简单英语解释，再回忆专业术语。
Meaning differences worth keeping
Scissor Arches ≠ decorative arches: they were introduced as structural bracing. Vicars’ Close ≠ museum street: it still serves its original residential purpose for cathedral choir members. moat ≠ ornamental pond: the Palace moat belongs to a fortified medieval residence. karst ≠ ordinary limestone scenery: karst describes landscapes shaped by dissolution and underground drainage.
A focused Wells practice
Use four diagrams: cathedral crossing, Vicars’ Close plan, Bishop’s Palace moat and Mendip karst section. Label each with ten terms, then write one bilingual paragraph explaining how Wells combines living institution, architecture and landscape.
Continue through the eduKateSG learning ecosystem
Vocabulary Hub · Bath · Salisbury · Gloucester
Wells vocabulary questions
Why are the Scissor Arches famous?
They are an unusually dramatic structural solution inserted in the fourteenth century to stabilise the cathedral’s central tower.
Is Vicars’ Close still residential?
Yes. Wells Cathedral describes it as the oldest street in Europe still serving its original purpose of housing adult cathedral choir members.
Why include Mendip geology?
Wells sits at the edge of a major limestone landscape, so caves, karst and lead-mining archaeology belong naturally to the city’s wider learning field.
Continue exploring the UK in English
Wells extends the UK branch through structural Gothic, living medieval housing, episcopal fortification, mechanical clocks, choral institutions and limestone geology.