CIVILISATION ATLAS CHRONOLOGY SIBERIA / NORTH ASIAN INTERIOR EARLY HUMAN OCCUPATION; BAIKAL CULTURES; SIBERIAN HUNTER-FISHER SOCIETIES;REINDEER WORLDS; TURKIC AND OTHER SIBERIAN PEOPLES; RUSSIAN EXPANSION EARLIEST DEFENSIBLE EVIDENCE TO 29 JULY 2026

Canonical title:
Civilisation Atlas Chronology | Siberia / North Asian Interior |
Deep Substrate–2026

Specification: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.SPEC.V1.0
Runtime profile: CIVATLAS.REGIONAL.RUNTIME.V3.2
Specification status: Canonical Working Standard
Parent clock: CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.WORLD.MASTER.V1.1
Coverage object: 19 of 60
Canonical object ID:
CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.SIBERIA_NORTH_ASIAN_INTERIOR
Machine ID:
CIVATLAS.CHRONOLOGY.REGION.SIBERIA_NORTH_ASIAN_INTERIOR.RUNTIME.V3.2
Record namespace: CA.SIB
Source namespace: SIB.S
Graph namespace: SIB.G
Connector namespace: SIB.C
Track namespace: SIB.T
Uncertainty namespace: SIB.U
Invariant namespace: SIB.I
Architecture-delta namespace: SIB.AD
Version: 3.2
Cut-off date: 29 July 2026
Retrieval freeze: 17:06:05 Asia/Singapore (UTC+08:00), 29 July 2026
Format: UTF-8 plain text
Canonical filename: SIBERIA_NORTH_ASIAN_INTERIOR_CHRONOLOGY_MASTER.txt
Reader format: World-Master-enriched, Runtime-V3.2-bound,
Reality-Continuum-addressable, Control-Tower-addressable
CAT Scan role: high-resolution regional longitudinal spine, evidence surface,
relationship graph, dependency map, invariant-convergence register and
diagnostic launch point.

Scaffold bindings:
CIVATLAS.SCAFFOLD.001.V1.1 — Universal Civilisation Atlas Scaffold
CIVATLAS.SCAFFOLD.002.V1.1 — Civilisation CAT Scan
CIVATLAS.SCAFFOLD.003.V1.1 — Genome / Pressure / Ouroboros
CIVATLAS.SCAFFOLD.004.V1.1 — Portable Civilisation / Simulation / Fission
CIVATLAS.RUNTIME.003.V3.2 — Reality Continuum / Invariant Convergence

Latest architecture bindings:
CIVILISATION ATLAS CONTROL TOWER — orientation, crosswalk and routing layer
CIVATLAS AI KERNEL — transformation, dependency, flow and repair grammar
CIVILISATION MUSEUM — artefact as stored and contested capability
CIVILISATION MOTION LANDSCAPE — vector, corridor, threshold and stopping debt
EDUCATION BRIDGE — capability is civilisational only when teachable,
reproducible, maintainable and transferable
REALITY CONTINUUM — persistent transformations joined across nested clocks
INVARIANT CONVERGENCE — recurring relationship geometries with local deltas

Primary interfaces:
Object 17 — Central Asia / Oxus
Object 18 — Eurasian Steppe
Object 20 — Indus / Northwest South Asia
Object 26 — Tibet / High Asia
Object 27 — China
Object 30 — Northeast Asian / Manchurian–Amur Frontier
Object 49 — Eastern Europe / Rus / Russia
Object 50 — North American Arctic / Subarctic

Release status: First canonical Object-19 Runtime V3.2 release

V3.2 RELEASE NOTE

This release implements Object 19 in the canonical sixty-object World Coverage
Queue. It treats Siberia / North Asian Interior as a changing system of cratons,
mountains, rift lake, river basins, forest-steppe, taiga, tundra, permafrost and
Arctic/Pacific-facing edges. It is not a natural synonym for the Russian state,
an empty frontier, a single culture area or one cold-climate way of life.

The controlling World Master cited here ends W068 on 28 July 2026. This child
extends W068 through its exact retrieval freeze on 29 July 2026 without silently
rewriting the parent. The next parent release should reconcile the one-day
child-clock delta.

This Runtime V3.2 release adds to the earlier inheritance standard:

— the Reality Continuum transformation grammar;
— invariant-convergence records that distinguish recurring geometry from
repeated event content;
— crosswalk windows for simultaneous comparison across regional objects;
— a typed before-state → transformation → after-state → returned-consequence
route;
— eight Control-Tower organs: FLOOR, BODY, FLOW, MEMORY, SENSOR, CONTROL,
REPAIR and EDGE;
— six observer positions: SKY, STRATEGIST, GENERAL, ENGINEER, RECEIVER and
NOBODY;
— a full repair map and the operating test RepairRate ≥ DriftRate;
— human challenge, correction and appeal routes for machine assertions;
— explicit separation of genome, language, assemblage, ethnonym, polity,
legal category and living identity;
— strict achieved-state handling for live infrastructure and war claims.

No event, office change, publication or environmental state after the retrieval
freeze is represented as observed history. A 2026 paper about a Pleistocene or
Neolithic life is dated twice. “Current” means current at the stated freeze.

===============================================================================
0. REGIONAL ARCHITECTURAL STATEMENT
===============================================================================

THIS IS NOT A LADDER IN WHICH “PALAEOLITHIC” BECOMES “BAIKAL CULTURE,” BAIKAL
CULTURE BECOMES “TURKIC,” TURKIC BECOMES RUSSIAN, AND RUSSIAN BECOMES MODERN.

THIS IS NOT THE BIOGRAPHY OF ONE TIMELESS PEOPLE, LANGUAGE, GENOME, REINDEER
ECONOMY, FRONTIER, STATE OR COLD ENVIRONMENT.

THIS IS NOT A MAP OF EMPTY SPACE WAITING FOR FORTS, RAILWAYS OR PIPELINES.

The correct architecture is a web of persistent transformations:

SIBERIAN CRATON, ALTAI–SAYAN MOUNTAINS, WEST SIBERIAN BASIN AND BAIKAL RIFT
↳ GLACIAL, PERIGLACIAL, RIVER, LAKE, TAIGA, TUNDRA AND STEPPE MOSAICS
↳ ARCHAIC HOMININ OCCUPATIONS AND DENISOVA CAVE POPULATION RELATIONS
↳ EARLY HOMO SAPIENS, YANA, MAL’TA, BAIKAL AND BERINGIAN CONNECTIONS
↳ DOGS, BOATS, ICE ROUTES, STORAGE AND COLD-ADAPTATION EDUCATION
↳ KITOI, SEROVO, GLAZKOVO AND YAKUTIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CLOCKS
↳ FISHING, HUNTING, GATHERING, WILD-REINDEER AND MIXED SUBSISTENCE
↳ BRONZE, IRON, HORSE, STEPPE–FOREST AND INNER-ASIAN NETWORKS
↳ URALIC, YENISEIAN, YUKAGHIR, TUNGUSIC, TURKIC, MONGOLIC AND
CHUKOTKO–KAMCHATKAN LANGUAGE/PEOPLE HISTORIES ON INDEPENDENT CLOCKS
↳ POLYCENTRIC REINDEER MANAGEMENT, TRANSPORT AND PASTORAL WORLDS
↳ SIBIR POLITIES, QASHLIQ AND FOREST-STEPPE TRIBUTE SYSTEMS
↳ RUSSIAN FORT POINTS, RIVER LINES, YASAK, AMANAT, TRADE AND RESISTANCE
↳ TREATY, MISSION, SETTLEMENT, EXILE, SCIENCE AND IMPERIAL CLASSIFICATION
↳ TRANS-SIBERIAN RAIL, MASS RESETTLEMENT, MINING AND REVOLUTION
↳ KORENIZATSIYA, ALPHABETS, AUTONOMIES, COLLECTIVIZATION AND SCHOOLS
↳ GULAG, DALSTROY, NORILSK, HYDROPOWER, OIL, GAS, BAM AND CLOSED CITIES
↳ POST-SOVIET FISSION, RIGHTS LAW, CORPORATE EXTRACTION AND RECENTRALIZATION
↳ LANGUAGE REPAIR, INDIGENOUS ORGANIZATION AND LIVING MULTISPECIES SYSTEMS
↳ PERMAFROST, FIRE, BAIKAL, WAR BURDEN, ENERGY ROUTING AND THE 2026 FREEZE.

No arrow proves descent. Every relationship must name its carrier, interval,
direction, geometry, coercion status, evidence, confidence, receiver and
returned consequence.

0.1 PRINCIPAL QUESTION

How did people across the North Asian interior repeatedly assemble, lose, move
and reassemble capability through river and ice travel, fishing and hunting,
animals, pastoralism, storage, kinship, trade, tribute, language, schools,
forts, rail, dams, mines, camps, towns, pipelines and data—while keeping or
failing to keep the ecological and human floors that reproduce those systems?

The question is not which named civilisation “won.” It is which functions
persisted, which hosts carried them, who received the gain, who or what occupied
the Nobody position, what dependency was created, and whether repair could keep
pace with drift.

0.2 THE RIVER–LAKE–TAIGA–TUNDRA RULE

Object 19 is an analytical geography. West Siberia opens toward the Urals and
Russian core; Altai–Sayan opens toward Central Asia and the Steppe; Baikal and
Transbaikal open toward Mongolia, China and the Amur; the Lena and northeast
open toward Arctic and Pacific worlds; Beringia opens toward North America.
Modern borders locate current jurisdictions. They do not own Pleistocene
persons, archaeological complexes, reconstructed languages or mobile routes.

Rivers and seasons are not passive background. A summer boat route, winter ice
road, fish run, reindeer crossing, hay meadow or portage can be infrastructure
with more local civilisational density than a distant administrative capital.
“Remote” always asks: remote from whose current network?

0.3 FIVE INDEPENDENT CLOCKS

ECOLOGY AND CRYOSPHERE — rift, river, lake, taiga, tundra, permafrost,
fire, animal populations and climate.
OCCUPATION AND POPULATION — sites, persons, genomes, movement and mixture.
HUNTER-FISHER AND SETTLEMENT — food, storage, mobility, mortuary practice,
dogs, boats and social aggregation.
ANIMAL/PASTORAL MOBILITY — wild reindeer, domestic reindeer, horses,
cattle, pasture, training and care.
POLITICAL/EXTRACTIVE CONTROL — polities, tribute, forts, law, rail, camps,
dams, firms, pipelines and present institutions.

These clocks interact but do not inherit one another automatically.

0.4 CATEGORY FIREWALL

GENOME ≠ PERSONHOOD ≠ POPULATION ≠ LANGUAGE ≠ ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX
≠ ETHNONYM ≠ PEOPLE ≠ POLITY ≠ LEGAL CATEGORY ≠ MODERN STATE.

The equality signs are prohibited machine assertions. A research paper may
test an association across two fields, but the relation stays typed,
time-bounded and revisable. “Kitoi” is not a language. “Ancient North
Siberian” is not a self-name. “Turkic” is not one polity or biology.
“Small-numbered Indigenous people” is a Russian legal route, not the universal
definition of indigeneity. “Russian” may name a state, language, citizenship,
settler history or self-identity and must be disambiguated.

0.5 REALITY CONTINUUM

The fundamental V3.2 unit is a persistent state transformation:

INHERITED CONDITIONS
→ PRESSURE / OPPORTUNITY
→ ACTION OR PROCESS
→ OUTPUT
→ CAPABILITY
→ NEW DEPENDENCY
→ NEXT POSSIBILITY
→ RETURNED CONSEQUENCE.

A railway is therefore not only a completion date. It inherits routes, land,
labour, capital and state power; transforms distance and settlement; outputs
throughput; enables migration, war logistics and markets; depends on
maintenance, permafrost and stations; forecloses or opens futures; and returns
land pressure, extraction and repair debt. The same grammar can address a
fishing system, alphabet, cemetery archive, herd or court without declaring
them equivalent.

0.6 INVARIANT CONVERGENCE

Recurring themes—inheritance, lower-floor dependency, host migration, control
geometry, classification, extraction, Receiver/Nobody and repair—are registered
once as relationship geometries. Each local appearance must state what new
information the Siberian case contributes. This prevents a long chronology
from becoming repetitive while allowing cross-object comparison.

An invariant is a comparative hypothesis and routing device, not a law of
nature proven by recurrence. It can be contradicted, narrowed or superseded.

0.7 ARCHIVE-SURFACE RULE

The visible record equals past activity multiplied by preservation, discovery,
access, method, publication and political survival. Permafrost and caves can
preserve a person or object with astonishing resolution while a mobile
landscape remains almost archaeologically silent. Cemeteries select the dead;
genomes select sampled bodies; written archives select administrators and
collectors; census categories select legible answers; satellites select
measurable surfaces.

High definition increases responsibility. A precisely sequenced genome does
not make its individual representative of a continent. A fort register does
not prove territorial submission. A pipeline capacity does not measure local
food, consent or ecological repair.

0.8 COLONISATION STATEMENT

Russian expansion across North Asia is represented as continental
colonisation: an uneven process of military points, river lines, tribute,
hostages, settlement, mission, law, scientific observation and administrative
surface-building. Indigenous people were political actors using negotiation,
trade, flight, alliance, litigation, withholding and armed resistance.

This framing does not erase the later lives of Russian settlers, exiles,
workers or mixed communities, nor does it convert all present relations into
one unchanged colonial event. It preserves the mechanism so that capability,
coercion, inheritance and repair remain visible together.

0.9 HUMAN AND AI AUTHORITY

This file is a machine-addressable aid, not a sovereign judge of identity,
territory, ancestry or rights. Affected people and communities retain
challenge, correction and appeal. Automated transformations must expose their
source keys, normalization, uncertainty and revision path. “Unknown” and
“contested” are valid states, not defects to be filled by confident prose.

===============================================================================

SCOPE, OVERLAPS, NAMES AND CATEGORY GUARDRAILS

1.1 INCLUDED CORE

— West Siberian Plain and Ob–Irtysh interior;
— Altai–Sayan and Minusinsk/Yenisei interfaces where they explain Object 19;
— Lake Baikal, Angara, Upper/Middle Lena and Transbaikal interior;
— central Siberian taiga and Yenisei–Lena systems;
— Yakutia/Sakha, Yana–Indigirka–Kolyma and northeastern interior;
— tundra and Arctic-coast interfaces where their inland systems are primary;
— Russian, Soviet and current institutions only where they transform these
regional floors, peoples, routes or dependencies.

1.2 SHARED EDGES

Object 17 owns the Central Asian primary clock; Object 18 the Eurasian Steppe;
Object 27 the China primary clock; Object 30 Manchuria–Amur and the
Pacific-facing frontier; Object 49 Rus/Russia and the metropolitan state
formation; Object 50 North American Arctic/Subarctic and the American side of
Beringian histories. A shared event receives a connector, not annexation.

1.3 NAME INTERVALS

“Siberia” expands from a narrower western political/geographical usage into a
vast Russian and international regional name. “North Asian Interior” is the
Atlas correction that keeps the object analytically larger than a Russian
frontier narrative and smaller than all northern Asia. “Yakut” appears in
historical and administrative sources; “Sakha” is used for living people and
self-name where appropriate. “Buryat-Mongol” is retained only for the official
historical institutional title. Colonial terms appear only in quoted legal or
archival context with a warning.

1.4 PEOPLE AND LANGUAGE NAMES

Khanty, Mansi, Nenets, Enets, Nganasan, Selkup, Ket, Tundra Yukaghir, Forest
Yukaghir, Evenki, Even, Sakha, Dolgan, Tuvan, Altai, Khakas, Shor, Chulym,
Teleut, Buryat, Chukchi and neighbouring peoples enter at defensible intervals
and on their own clocks. This list is neither exhaustive nor a hierarchy.
Language-family labels are relational classifications, not replacements for
people names. Spellings and preferred self-names remain versionable.

1.5 REINDEER FIREWALL

Every reindeer claim must declare:

WILD or DOMESTIC status;
hunting, decoy, transport, small-herd or large-herd relation;
host community and place;
interval and season;
evidence and confidence;
whether a count is observed, estimated, projected or claimed.

No line may turn “the reindeer world” into one primordial circumpolar culture.

1.6 RUSSIAN STATE FIREWALL

Muscovite charter, Cossack expedition, fort point, tributary district,
governorate, imperial border, Soviet autonomous territory, corporate licence
and present federal subject are different entities. Their claims and effective
reach are typed. A modern Russian map is a locator for current law only.

1.7 LIVE-CLAIM FIREWALL

For war, arrest, infrastructure damage, corporate flow and political plan:

ALLEGED → DENIED/UNANSWERED → ATTRIBUTED REPORT → INDEPENDENTLY OBSERVED
→ OFFICIALLY RECORDED → ADJUDICATED/VERIFIED.

No record advances along this path merely because time passes.

===============================================================================
2. INHERITED CLOCK, EVIDENCE AND MACHINE-CONVERSION CONTRACT
===============================================================================

2.1 PARENT CHAIN

PLANET BIRTH
→ WORLD / HUMANITY MASTER
→ OBJECT 19 SIBERIA / NORTH ASIAN INTERIOR
→ LOCAL SUBCLOCKS, RECORDS, TRACKS AND CONNECTORS.

Geological and climatic substrate is inherited through INHERITED_FROM,
CONSTRAINED_BY, ENABLED_BY, MATERIAL_DERIVED_FROM and TRANSFORMED_BY. No
purpose, polity or identity is assigned backward into geological time.

2.2 WORLD BAND CROSSWALK

BAND	PARENT WINDOW
W000	4.54–4.0 Ga
W001	4.0–2.5 Ga
W002	2.5 Ga–541 Ma
W003	541–66 Ma
W004	66–7 Ma
W005	7–3.3 Ma
W006	3.3–2.6 Ma
W007	2.6–1.8 Ma
W008	1.8 Ma–800 ka
W009	800–300 ka
W010	300–130 ka
W011	130–70 ka
W012	70–50 ka
W013	50–20 ka
W014	20–11.7 ka / to 9700 BCE
W015	9700–8000 BCE
W016	8000–6000 BCE
W017	6000–5000 BCE
W018	5000–4000 BCE
W019	4000–3500 BCE
W020	3500–3000 BCE
W021	3000–2500 BCE
W022	2500–2000 BCE
W023	2000–1500 BCE
W024	1500–1200 BCE
W025	1200–1000 BCE
W026	1000–800 BCE
W027	800–600 BCE
W028	600–500 BCE
W029	500–300 BCE
W030	300–100 BCE
W031	100 BCE–1 CE
W032	1–200 CE
W033	200–400 CE
W034	400–600 CE
W035	600–800 CE
W036	800–1000 CE
W037	1000–1200 CE
W038	1200–1300 CE
W039	1300–1400 CE
W040	1400–1500 CE
W041	1500–1600 CE
W042	1600–1700 CE
W043	1700–1750 CE
W044	1750–1800 CE
W045	1800–1850 CE
W046	1850–1870 CE
W047	1870–1900 CE
W048	1900–1914 CE
W049	1914–1918 CE
W050	1918–1929 CE
W051	1929–1939 CE
W052	1939–1945 CE
W053	1945–1950 CE
W054	1950–1960 CE
W055	1960–1970 CE
W056	1970–1980 CE
W057	1980–1990 CE
W058	1990–2000 CE
W059	2000–2008 CE
W060	2008–2014 CE
W061	2014–2019 CE
W062	2020 CE
W063	2021 CE
W064	2022 CE
W065	2023 CE
W066	2024 CE
W067	2025 CE
W068	2026 CE through retrieval freeze

2.3 DATE STATUS

An exact modern publication date does not make its ancient interpretation
exact. A range may be narrow and still remain a range.

2.4 RECORD CLASS

EVENT | CONDITION | PROCESS | TRANSITION

2.5 EVIDENCE TYPES

2.6 CONFIDENCE

A — strong convergence or direct high-quality record
B — good support with bounded uncertainty
C — plausible but material alternatives remain
D — weak or substantially contested
E — retained only as claim-history
U — unknown or unassessable

Confidence applies to the serialized claim, not the worth of a people, source
community or tradition.

2.7 TIME ZOOM

Z0 planetary/geological
Z1 evolutionary/palaeoenvironmental
Z2 millennial
Z3 centennial
Z4 generational
Z5 annual
Z6 event/day

2.8 INFORMATION DEPTH

Zoom, information depth, capability stage and spatial scale are independent.

2.9 CAPABILITY, LIFECYCLE, HABITAT AND FREQUENCY

PHASE FREQUENCY
PF0 RARE | PF1 OCCASIONAL | PF2 RECURRING | PF3 FREQUENT_INSTITUTIONAL |
PF4 CONTINUOUS_OR_NEAR_CONTINUOUS

These axes diagnose operating systems. They are not moral rankings. No system
in this object is securely habitat-independent.

2.10 BASEFLOOR, CONTROL AND MOTION

CONTROL GEOMETRY
POINT | LINE | SURFACE | NETWORK | STACK

2.11 PROTECTED RECORD SCHEMA

RECORD_ID
LOCAL_TAG
CLASS
TIME
DATE_STATUS
ZOOM
INFORMATION_DEPTH
WORLD_BAND
LOCAL_PERIOD
PLACE
ENTITY
TYPE
SCALE
EVENT
DOMAIN
EVIDENCE
EPISTEMIC
CONFIDENCE
SOURCE_KEYS
GRAPH_SEED

Compact Section 5 projection:

LOCAL_PERIOD is retained in each graph seed and expanded derivative. File-level
Version and Cut-off are inherited by every record.

2.12 MACHINE NORMALISATION

Preserve human-readable TIME.
Add normalized start/end values only in a derivative dataset.
Never convert CONTESTED, INFERRED or UNKNOWN into an exact year.
Preserve place locator separately from sovereignty and heritage claim.
Preserve diacritics; add ASCII aliases only in search fields.
Separate language, ancestry, genome, artefact, people, polity and law.
Separate ancient event, recovery, analysis and publication clocks.
Separate charter/royal claim, point reach, line reach and lived surface.
Separate wild and domestic animals and name the human–animal relation.
Type ownership, custody, display, access, research and ritual authority.
Preserve allegation, denial, assessment and independently observed event.
Type announced, agreed, financed, permitted, built, operational and
measured infrastructure separately.
Preserve record, source, uncertainty and invariant keys across revisions.
Version dataset definitions, denominators and retrieval dates.
Time-version current offices, jurisdictions, legal cases and conflicts.
Expose automated normalization and permit human correction/appeal.
Do not infer ethnic causation from regional casualty or census data.
Do not infer farming from pottery, identity from burial or language from DNA.

===============================================================================
3. SCAFFOLD, CONTROL TOWER AND CAT SCAN CONTRACT
===============================================================================

3.1 CONTROL-TOWER ADDRESS

ADDRESS: WORLD / ASIA / NORTH ASIAN INTERIOR / OBJECT 19
POSITION: regional high-resolution longitudinal object
ENTRY VIEWS: SKY, STRATEGIST, GENERAL, ENGINEER, RECEIVER, NOBODY
PRIMARY ORGANS: FLOOR, BODY, FLOW, MEMORY, SENSOR, CONTROL, REPAIR, EDGE
FREEZE: 17:06:05 Asia/Singapore (UTC+08:00), 29 July 2026

Valid next routes:

ZOOM DEEPER → Section 5 protected record
CONNECT SIDEWAYS → Sections 7–8 graph and connector
TRACK THROUGH TIME → Section 6 longitudinal system
COMPARE INVARIANT → Section 14 registry/crosswalk
TEST LOWER FLOOR → Sections 9 and 11
ROUTE DAMAGE → Sections 11–12 repair map/Ouroboros
CHALLENGE CLAIM → Sections 16 and 18 uncertainty/source object
CONTINUE AFTER FREEZE → successor release, never silent overwrite

3.2 EIGHT ORGAN BOARD

ORGAN	CUT-OFF STATE	FUNCTION	PRIMARY SENSOR	REPAIR ROUTE	VERIFIER
FLOOR	STRESSED and highly unequal by remoteness, war burden and ecological pressure	Keep food, water, shelter, health, care, security, environment, education and trust above failure	Local service, food, health, water, herd and permafrost measures	Ring-fence services, land access, ecological thresholds and maintenance	Affected communities plus independent public data
BODY	ADAPTING with ageing infrastructure and demographic concentration	Carry people, animals, tools, institutions and built systems through time	Population, mobility, animal-health and asset-condition registers	Support mobile and local carriers, renew assets and prevent forced concentration	Workers, herders, residents and technical inspectors
FLOW	HIGH_CAPACITY but externally directed and chokepoint-sensitive	Move food, water, people, energy, information and obligation	Freight, flow, outage, allocation and access sensors	Publish directional allocation, local service guarantees and spill/shortage response	Local receivers and independent network auditors
MEMORY	MIXED: exceptional archives coexist with language and access loss	Preserve and reproduce language, skill, evidence, names and accountability	Language-domain surveys, archive access, named-person databases and provenance	Community governance, open records, repatriation, teacher pipelines and stable IDs	Descendant communities, scholars and rights bodies
SENSOR	CAPABLE but fragmented, politicized and unevenly trusted	Detect ecological, human, legal and infrastructure change	CAMS, NOAA, UNESCO, census, legal cases, local knowledge and maintenance telemetry	Protect independent measurement, retain contradictions and bind data to owner/action	Multiple independent sensor classes and affected people
CONTROL	STACKED and centralized with formal federal and community layers	Allocate authority, resources, risk and correction	Law, budgets, appointments, licenses, court/remedy and consent records	Type POINT/LINE/SURFACE/NETWORK/STACK and separate claim, reach, consent and remedy	Courts, legislatures, local institutions and public audit
REPAIR	BELOW_REQUIRED_RATE in several ecological, rights and memory systems	Stop damage, restore floors, compensate loss and learn	Time-to-detect, time-to-stop, funding, completion, residual loss and appeal	Apply full V3.2 repair map and require RepairRate greater than or equal to DriftRate	Affected receiver, independent expert and appeal body
EDGE	ACTIVE across steppe, China, Russian core, Pacific and Arctic-American interfaces	Manage interfaces without annexing the neighbour’s clock	Border flow, treaty, route, migration and connector-version records	Use ownership statements, shared IDs, crosswalk windows and stopping debt	Both object owners plus parent-clock audit

3.3 SIX POSITIONS

SKY
Sees nested geological, ecological, demographic and political clocks without
treating one as the whole object.

STRATEGIST
Sees direction, lock-in, possible futures, stopping debt and the cost of
continuing or changing course.

GENERAL
Sees allocation, coordination, conflict, logistics and institutional reach.
It must not treat people as interchangeable resources.

ENGINEER
Sees dependencies, thresholds, maintenance, sensors and repair timing. It
must include ecological and care floors in the design boundary.

RECEIVER
Sees whether a declared capability is actually usable by the named person,
household, community, ecosystem, institution or future generation.

NOBODY
Occupies the position excluded from the map, category, sensor, consent or
benefit route. Nobody is not literally no one: it is the bearer made
administratively invisible.

3.4 CONTROL-TOWER DECISION RULE

No “success” statement survives if:

— its lower floor is unknown;
— its receiver is unspecified;
— its Nobody cost is unsearched;
— control geometry is inflated;
— coercion is unlabeled;
— a plan is serialized as an operating state;
— or repair has no owner, sensor, time and verifier.

3.5 CAT CONTRACT

The CAT Scan is longitudinal and diagnostic. A present state is read against
earlier transformations and known archive limits. “Strong energy” cannot
compensate arithmetically for “critical care,” “fractured environment” or an
unmeasured rights floor. Dimensions may conflict and must remain separately
addressable.

===============================================================================
4. ONE-PAGE CHRONOLOGICAL SPINE
===============================================================================

DEEP SUBSTRATE TO 300 KA
Ancient craton, orogenic belts, Siberian Traps, West Siberian Basin and Baikal
rift create inherited terrain, water, mineral and hazard fields. Quaternary
climate, permafrost and Beringian landscapes repeatedly change the viable
surface. Diring Yuriakh and Karama remain contested early-occupation nodes.

300–50 KA
Denisova Cave preserves repeated Denisovan- and Neanderthal-related
occupations and interaction. Exact biological attribution follows sampled
remains, never stone technology alone. Late Altai Neanderthal histories show
movement and replacement rather than one static cave population.

50–20 KA
Kara-Bom records Initial Upper Palaeolithic technology; Ust’-Ishim provides a
directly dated modern-human genome; Yana proves high-Arctic occupation before
the Last Glacial Maximum; Mal’ta and Afontova Gora add population, art,
dwelling and exchange evidence. Analytical ancestry names remain non-ethnic.

20–9.7 KA
Late-glacial re-expansion and ecological change connect Baikal, northeast
Siberia and Beringia. Ust’-Kyakhta-3 adds an ancient population connection to
later Indigenous-American ancestry without transferring modern identity.

9700–4000 BCE
Rivers, lakes, fish, wild reindeer, dogs, storage and route knowledge organize
diverse forager systems. Pottery appears without a required farming package.
Zhokhov documents high-Arctic life and dogs. Syalakh and early Baikal
sequences form distinct archaeological clocks.

4000–1500 BCE
Kitoi, Serovo/Isakovo, Glazkovo, Belkachi and Ymyyakhtakh records show
mortality, mobility, diet, metals, mixture and discontinuity. Ancient plague
is now detected among sampled Baikal families. Afanasievo, Okunevo,
Seima–Turbino, Andronovo and other steppe–forest interfaces move animals,
people, objects and skill without one ethnic succession.

1500 BCE–600 CE
Karasuk, Tagar, Pazyryk, Xiongnu and Tashtyk systems recompose the southern
interior. Horse, bronze and iron capability expands through local hosts.
Wild-reindeer, river and taiga systems continue on other clocks.

600–1200 CE
Turkic khaganates, Yenisei Kyrgyz formations, Mongolic and other Inner Asian
powers interact with forest tribute and exchange. Language, political title,
archaeology and ancestry stay separate.

1200–1580
Mongol and successor systems alter tribute and mobility; Sakha, Buryat and
other living people histories become increasingly defensible on their own
clocks; the Siberian Khanate and Qashliq organize a political and exchange
field before Russian invasion.

1581–1700
Yermak’s campaign seizes and loses points before state forts at Tyumen,
Tobolsk, Tomsk, Yeniseisk, Krasnoyarsk, Yakutsk, Irkutsk and other nodes
connect along river lines. Yasak, amanat, fur markets, disease, mission,
negotiation and resistance form an uneven colonial network. Nerchinsk orders
Qing–Russian relations but does not represent all Indigenous territories.

1700–1822
Great Northern expeditions expand scientific and imperial archives; Kyakhta
routes globalize tea and fur; Chukchi resistance defeats durable military
subjugation and forces policy change; mapping, mission, trade, smallpox and
settlement continue.

1822–1891
Speransky’s statute formalizes colonial classification and mediated local
administration. Exile, gold mining, steam, telegraph and inter-imperial
boundary change enlarge state and market reach.

1891–1917
The Trans-Siberian Railway creates a strategic line; mass resettlement
increases food and town capacity while displacing or competing with existing
land use. Labour violence, 1905 politics, Tunguska and World War I lead into
revolutionary fragmentation.

1917–1929
Civil war centres on rail and city nodes. Soviet consolidation, NEP,
korenizatsiya, republics, northern alphabets and the Polar Census add
education and representation while deepening administrative legibility.

1929–1953
Collectivization, sedentarization, anti-religious repression, boarding
schools, territorial reorganization, deportation, Gulag, Dalstroy, Norillag
and early BAM join industrial capability to coercion and loss.

1953–1991
Camp contraction and partial memory repair coexist with dams, scientific
cities, closed nuclear sites, West Siberian oil/gas, northern boomtowns,
state-farm reindeer systems, BAM and severe industrial pollution. Education
and professions expand; language domains and local authority change.

1991–2019
Institutional fission damages remote services and reindeer economies while
opening new organization. Constitutional federalism and Indigenous-rights
laws create formal routes whose implementation varies. Corporate extraction,
regional mergers, digital language work, BAM operation and Power of Siberia
re-host inherited systems.

2020–29 JULY 2026
Pandemic, rapid Arctic warming, permafrost and Baikal pressure, language
endangerment, war recruitment and uneven casualty burden interact with
energy export. In 2026 Power of Siberia 2 remains proposed/negotiated rather
than built; first-half Siberian fire emissions were near seasonal average in
the cited CAMS measure; Omsk and Tyumen energy incidents and short-term fuel
rerouting are time-stamped live events. The file freezes at the exact instant.

4.1 RECORD INVENTORY BY LOCAL SERIES

SERIES	PROTECTED RECORDS
SUBSTRATE	14
OCCUPATION	22
HOLOCENE	28
METAL	14
POLITY	9
PEOPLES	13
REINDEER	10
EXPANSION	43
IMPERIAL	21
SOVIET	58
POSTSOVIET	55

===============================================================================
5. PROTECTED CHRONOLOGY RECORDS
===============================================================================
Compact projection:

SOURCE_KEYS resolve to Section 18. LOCAL_PERIOD and uncertainty keys travel
inside the graph seed. A graph seed is a typed launch point, not complete causal
proof.

5A. SUBSTRATE, CLIMATE AND ARCHIVE

CA.SIB.000001 | [SUBSTRATE-001] Archean to Palaeoproterozoic, c.3.5–1.8 Ga | W001–W002 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z0/I3 | Siberian Craton :: Siberian cratonic blocks/GEOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Assembly and stabilization of ancient continental crust creates the durable platform beneath much of central and eastern Siberia. This is inherited geology, not a cultural homeland. :: GEOLOGY; INHERITANCE :: GEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/B :: SIB.S005 :: SIB.G001 Siberian_cratonic_blocks –PROCESS_GEOLOGY–> SUBSTRATE_001; LOCAL_PERIOD=DEEP_GEOLOGICAL_SUBSTRATE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000002 | [SUBSTRATE-002] Palaeozoic, c.540–250 Ma | W003 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z0/I3 | Altai–Sayan and southern Siberian margins :: Central Asian Orogenic Belt/GEOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Successive accretion and deformation form mountain corridors, mineral provinces and ecological gradients later shared with Central Asia and the Eurasian Steppe. :: GEOLOGY; MINERALS; CORRIDORS :: GEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/B :: SIB.S005 :: SIB.G002 Central_Asian_Orogenic_Belt –PROCESS_GEOLOGY–> SUBSTRATE_002; LOCAL_PERIOD=OROGENIC_ASSEMBLY; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U001; SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000003 | [SUBSTRATE-003] c.252.3–251.9 Ma | W003 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z0/I4 | Tunguska basin and wider Siberian Traps province :: Siberian Traps magmatic system/GEOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/PLANETARY :: Large-scale sill emplacement and volcanism release heat and gases into a vulnerable Earth system near the end-Permian mass extinction. Causal pathways are strongly modelled, not a single witnessed trigger. :: GEOLOGY; EARTH_SYSTEM; EXTINCTION :: GEOLOGICAL | MODELLED_CONVERGENCE/A :: SIB.S004 :: SIB.G003 Siberian_Traps_magmatic_system –PROCESS_GEOLOGY–> SUBSTRATE_003; LOCAL_PERIOD=END_PERMIAN_TRANSFORMATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000004 | [SUBSTRATE-004] Mesozoic, principally c.250–66 Ma | W003–W004 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z0/I3 | West Siberian Plain :: West Siberian Basin/GEOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Subsidence and sediment accumulation build a vast low-relief basin whose later hydrocarbon stores and wetland hydrology become major natural and constructed dependencies. :: GEOLOGY; ENERGY_SUBSTRATE; WATER :: GEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/B :: SIB.S005; SIB.S087 :: SIB.G004 West_Siberian_Basin –PROCESS_GEOLOGY–> SUBSTRATE_004; LOCAL_PERIOD=BASIN_FORMATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004; SIB.U064
CA.SIB.000005 | [SUBSTRATE-005] Cenozoic, c.35 Ma to present | W004–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z0/I3 | Baikal Rift Zone :: Lake Baikal rift system/GEOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Continuing crustal extension and basin subsidence create the deep Lake Baikal system, seismic hazard and steep habitat contrasts. :: GEOLOGY; WATER; HAZARD :: GEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/A :: SIB.S006; SIB.S007 :: SIB.G005 Lake_Baikal_rift_system –PROCESS_GEOLOGY–> SUBSTRATE_005; LOCAL_PERIOD=BAIKAL_RIFT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004; SIB.U081
CA.SIB.000006 | [SUBSTRATE-006] Cenozoic to present | W004–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z0/I3 | Ob–Irtysh, Yenisei, Lena, Kolyma and tributary basins :: North-flowing river systems/ECOLOGICAL_INFRASTRUCTURE/REGIONAL :: River basins connect southern forest-steppe, taiga, tundra and Arctic coasts. Their seasonal freeze, breakup, fish, floodplains and portages repeatedly host mobility before and after roads and railways. :: WATER; MOBILITY; ECOLOGY :: GEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G006 North-flowing_river_systems –PROCESS_WATER–> SUBSTRATE_006; LOCAL_PERIOD=RIVER_ARCHITECTURE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000007 | [SUBSTRATE-007] Quaternary, c.2.6 Ma to 11.7 ka | W007–W015 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z1/I3 | North Asian interior :: Glacial, periglacial and steppe–tundra systems/PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Repeated cold and warmer phases shift ice, permafrost, vegetation, prey and viable corridors. Occupation opportunities pulse; no single Ice Age landscape governs the whole interval. :: CLIMATE; HABITAT; MOBILITY :: PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; GEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_MODELLED/B :: SIB.S009; SIB.S014 :: SIB.G007 Glacial,_periglacial_and_steppe–tundra_systems –PROCESS_CLIMATE–> SUBSTRATE_007; LOCAL_PERIOD=GLACIAL_PERIGLACIAL_CYCLES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000008 | [SUBSTRATE-008] Pleistocene low-sea-level intervals | W008–W015 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z1/I3 | Northeast Siberia and Beringia :: Bering land and shelf habitat/LANDSCAPE/INTERREGIONAL :: Lower sea level repeatedly exposes a broad ecological region rather than a narrow bridge. Human, animal and plant histories across it belong jointly with the North American Arctic/Subarctic object. :: SEA_LEVEL; DISPERSAL; HABITAT :: PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; GEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_MODELLED/B :: SIB.S027; SIB.S026 :: SIB.G008 Bering_land_and_shelf_habitat –CONDITION_SEA_LEVEL–> SUBSTRATE_008; LOCAL_PERIOD=BERINGIAN_CONNECTION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U015; SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000009 | [SUBSTRATE-009] Late Pleistocene | W010–W015 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z1/I3 | Northeast Siberian lowlands and interior valleys :: Ice-rich loess–permafrost deposits/CRYOSPHERE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Cold, dry sedimentation and ground-ice formation store organic carbon and preserve biological archives that become highly vulnerable under modern thaw. :: PERMAFROST; CARBON; ARCHIVE :: GEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/B :: SIB.S014; SIB.S015 :: SIB.G009 Ice-rich_loess–permafrost_deposits –PROCESS_PERMAFROST–> SUBSTRATE_009; LOCAL_PERIOD=YEDOMA_FORMATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U079; SIB.U005
CA.SIB.000010 | [SUBSTRATE-010] c.26.5–19 ka | W013–W014 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z1/I3 | Siberian and Beringian landscapes :: Cold-stage habitat mosaic/PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Maximum global ice volume intensifies cold and aridity, but unglaciated refugia, river valleys and mammoth-steppe resources remain unevenly habitable. :: CLIMATE; REFUGIA; HABITAT :: PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S027; SIB.S028 :: SIB.G010 Cold-stage_habitat_mosaic –CONDITION_CLIMATE–> SUBSTRATE_010; LOCAL_PERIOD=LAST_GLACIAL_MAXIMUM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000011 | [SUBSTRATE-011] c.9700 BCE onward | W015–W068 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z1/I3 | North Asian interior :: Taiga, tundra, forest-steppe and lake–river mosaics/ECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Holocene warming and moisture changes reorganize forests, wetlands, fish, wild reindeer and travel surfaces. Human systems respond through local reconfiguration, not a universal march to farming. :: CLIMATE; ECOLOGY; SUBSISTENCE :: PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/B :: SIB.S035; SIB.S034 :: SIB.G011 Taiga,_tundra,_forest-steppe_and_lake–river_mosaics –TRANSITION_CLIMATE–> SUBSTRATE_011; LOCAL_PERIOD=HOLOCENE_RECOMPOSITION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004; SIB.U016
CA.SIB.000012 | [SUBSTRATE-012] Holocene to present | W015–W068 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I3 | Baikal, Angara, Lena, Yenisei, Ob–Irtysh and northern tributaries :: Aquatic productivity and route knowledge/BASEFLOOR/REGIONAL :: Fish runs, lakes, floodplains, ice roads, boats, portages and stored route memory form a civilisational floor whose maintenance cannot be reduced to town density. :: FOOD; WATER; MOBILITY; KNOWLEDGE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TESTIMONIAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S035; SIB.S058; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G012 Aquatic_productivity_and_route_knowledge –CONDITION_FOOD–> SUBSTRATE_012; LOCAL_PERIOD=LAKE_RIVER_FLOOR; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003; SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000013 | [SUBSTRATE-013] Holocene to present | W015–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I3 | Taiga and forest–tundra :: Wildfire–vegetation–permafrost loop/ECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Lightning, human burning, vegetation and climate produce changing fire regimes. Fire can renew mosaics locally while severe or repeated burns damage soils, settlements, habitat and permafrost. :: FIRE; ECOLOGY; CARBON; HAZARD :: PALEOENVIRONMENTAL; SATELLITE; MULTI_SOURCE | MEASURED_MODELLED/B :: SIB.S012; SIB.S013 :: SIB.G013 Wildfire–vegetation–permafrost_loop –PROCESS_FIRE–> SUBSTRATE_013; LOCAL_PERIOD=FIRE_REGIME; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U080; SIB.U078
CA.SIB.000014 | [SUBSTRATE-014] All periods | W001–W068 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z0/I4 | Object 19 evidence field :: Preservation, survey, excavation, archive and publication filters/EVIDENCE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Permafrost can preserve extraordinary remains while river erosion, thaw, acidic soils, collection history, inaccessible terrain and political priorities erase or overexpose other histories. Absence of record is not automatic absence of life. :: EVIDENCE; MEMORY; BIAS :: MULTI_SOURCE | AUDITED/A :: SIB.S003; SIB.S115 :: SIB.G014 Preservation,_survey,_excavation,_archive_and_publication_filters –CONDITION_EVIDENCE–> SUBSTRATE_014; LOCAL_PERIOD=ARCHIVE_SURFACE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U005; SIB.U003

5B. PLEISTOCENE OCCUPATION AND POPULATION

CA.SIB.000015 | [OCCUPATION-001] Claimed c.1.8–3.2 Ma; tested deposits c.260–370 ka | W006–W010 | CONDITION/CONTESTED/Z1/I4 | Middle Lena basin, Yakutia :: Diring Yuriakh lithic assemblage and deposits/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SITE/LOCAL :: Very early occupation claims were not supported by later thermoluminescence ages. Even the younger age and artefact interpretation remain debated; the site is an uncertainty node, not the secure beginning of Siberian history. :: ARCHAEOLOGY; DATING; EPISTEMIC_HISTORY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GEOLOGICAL | CONTESTED/D :: SIB.S016 :: SIB.G015 Diring_Yuriakh_lithic_assemblage_and_deposits –CONDITION_ARCHAEOLOGY–> OCCUPATION_001; LOCAL_PERIOD=DIRING_YURIAKH_PROBLEM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U006
CA.SIB.000016 | [OCCUPATION-002] Claimed Lower Palaeolithic, sometimes c.800 ka | W009–W010 | CONDITION/CONTESTED/Z1/I4 | Altai, Anui valley :: Karama assemblages/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SITE/LOCAL :: Published claims place stone-working at a very early date, but stratigraphic, dating and artefact questions prevent use as a secure continental first occupation. :: ARCHAEOLOGY; DATING :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GEOLOGICAL | CONTESTED/D :: SIB.S017 :: SIB.G016 Karama_assemblages –CONDITION_ARCHAEOLOGY–> OCCUPATION_002; LOCAL_PERIOD=KARAMA_PROBLEM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U007
CA.SIB.000017 | [OCCUPATION-003] c.300–200 ka | W010 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z1/I4 | Denisova Cave, Altai :: Early cave occupations/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_SEQUENCE/LOCAL :: Deposits and artefacts indicate repeated hominin use of the cave beginning by roughly 300 ka under current models. Biological attribution varies by layer and must follow associated remains. :: ARCHAEOLOGY; OCCUPATION :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL | MODELLED_CONVERGENCE/B :: SIB.S018; SIB.S019 :: SIB.G017 Early_cave_occupations –CONDITION_ARCHAEOLOGY–> OCCUPATION_003; LOCAL_PERIOD=DENISOVA_EARLY_SEQUENCE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U008; SIB.U010
CA.SIB.000018 | [OCCUPATION-004] At least c.200 ka onward | W010–W013 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z1/I4 | Altai and wider inferred Asian range :: Denisovan-related hominins/POPULATION_HISTORY/INTERREGIONAL :: Genomic and fragmentary fossil evidence records Denisovan-related people at different times. The Atlas retains individuals and ancestry relations without inventing one bounded Denisovan nation, language or artefact culture. :: POPULATION; GENOMICS; OCCUPATION :: GENETIC; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S020; SIB.S018; SIB.S019 :: SIB.G018 Denisovan-related_hominins –PROCESS_POPULATION–> OCCUPATION_004; LOCAL_PERIOD=DENISOVAN_OCCUPATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U008
CA.SIB.000019 | [OCCUPATION-005] c.200–100 ka | W010–W011 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z1/I4 | Altai cave system :: Neanderthal-related groups/POPULATION_HISTORY/SUBREGIONAL :: Neanderthal-related individuals occupy the Altai in multiple episodes. Cave genomes reveal relationships and replacement, not an uninterrupted local ethnicity. :: POPULATION; GENOMICS; MOBILITY :: GENETIC; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S018; SIB.S023; SIB.S022 :: SIB.G019 Neanderthal-related_groups –PROCESS_POPULATION–> OCCUPATION_005; LOCAL_PERIOD=NEANDERTHAL_ALTAI_OCCUPATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U010
CA.SIB.000020 | [OCCUPATION-006] c.110 ka | W011 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z1/I4 | Altai Mountains :: D17 male Neanderthal/PERSON/LOCAL :: A high-coverage genome published in 2026 places this individual approximately 110 ka ago and adds a new population-history point. Publication time is recorded separately from the life represented. :: GENOMICS; POPULATION :: GENETIC; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL | MEASURED/A :: SIB.S022 :: SIB.G020 D17_male_Neanderthal –EVENT_GENOMICS–> OCCUPATION_006; LOCAL_PERIOD=ALTAI_NEANDERTHAL_D17; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U010
CA.SIB.000021 | [OCCUPATION-007] c.90 ka | W011 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z1/I5 | Denisova Cave :: Denisova 11, called Denny in scholarship/PERSON/LOCAL :: Genome analysis identifies a young individual with a Neanderthal mother and Denisovan father. The record proves a first-generation relationship, not its population-wide frequency. :: GENOMICS; KINSHIP; INTERACTION :: GENETIC; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL | MEASURED_INFERRED/A :: SIB.S021 :: SIB.G021 Denisova_11,_called_Denny_in_scholarship –EVENT_GENOMICS–> OCCUPATION_007; LOCAL_PERIOD=DENNY_LIFE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U009; SIB.U008
CA.SIB.000022 | [OCCUPATION-008] c.60 ka | W012–W013 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z1/I4 | Chagyrskaya and Okladnikov caves, Altai :: Late Altai Neanderthal groups/POPULATION_HISTORY/SUBREGIONAL :: Genomes and cave assemblages identify late Neanderthal occupations related more closely to European Neanderthals than to an earlier Denisova Cave individual, indicating movement and population turnover. :: GENOMICS; MOBILITY; OCCUPATION :: GENETIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S023; SIB.S019 :: SIB.G022 Late_Altai_Neanderthal_groups –PROCESS_GENOMICS–> OCCUPATION_008; LOCAL_PERIOD=LATE_NEANDERTHAL_ALTAI; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U010
CA.SIB.000023 | [OCCUPATION-009] c.49–38 ka | W013 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z1/I4 | Altai, Kara-Bom :: Initial Upper Palaeolithic technological sequence/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/LOCAL :: Blade production and associated technologies mark an Initial Upper Palaeolithic sequence. Tools alone do not identify the makers’ biological population or language. :: TECHNOLOGY; MOBILITY; ARCHAELOGY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/B :: SIB.S024 :: SIB.G023 Initial_Upper_Palaeolithic_technological_sequence –TRANSITION_TECHNOLOGY–> OCCUPATION_009; LOCAL_PERIOD=KARA_BOM_INITIAL_UPPER_PALAEOLITHIC; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U011
CA.SIB.000024 | [OCCUPATION-010] c.45 ka | W013 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z1/I5 | Irtysh region, western Siberia :: Ust’-Ishim man/PERSON/LOCAL :: A directly dated anatomically modern human provides a high-coverage genome and evidence of Neanderthal ancestry only a limited number of generations earlier. One individual is not a regional population census. :: GENOMICS; POPULATION; MOBILITY :: GENETIC; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL | MEASURED/A :: SIB.S025 :: SIB.G024 Ust’-Ishim_man –EVENT_GENOMICS–> OCCUPATION_010; LOCAL_PERIOD=UST_ISHIM_INDIVIDUAL; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U012
CA.SIB.000025 | [OCCUPATION-011] c.45–40 ka | W013 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z1/I4 | Western and southern Siberian corridors :: Early Homo sapiens populations/POPULATION_HISTORY/INTERREGIONAL :: Modern humans occupy northern Eurasian corridors while interacting with and inheriting ancestry from archaic populations. Routes and continuity remain mosaic rather than a single eastward wave. :: POPULATION; MOBILITY; INTERACTION :: GENETIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S025; SIB.S027 :: SIB.G025 Early_Homo_sapiens_populations –PROCESS_POPULATION–> OCCUPATION_011; LOCAL_PERIOD=MODERN_HUMAN_DISPERSAL; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U012; SIB.U013
CA.SIB.000026 | [OCCUPATION-012] c.32 ka | W013 | CONDITION/APPROXIMATE/Z1/I4 | Lower Yana River, northeast Siberia :: Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site communities/SITE_COMMUNITY/LOCAL :: People live at very high latitude before the Last Glacial Maximum, using animal resources and crafted objects within an Arctic river landscape. This is secure occupation, not proof of permanent year-round settlement by every group. :: OCCUPATION; TECHNOLOGY; ARCTIC_ADAPTATION :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/A :: SIB.S026; SIB.S027 :: SIB.G026 Yana_Rhinoceros_Horn_Site_communities –CONDITION_OCCUPATION–> OCCUPATION_012; LOCAL_PERIOD=YANA_RHS_OCCUPATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U013
CA.SIB.000027 | [OCCUPATION-013] c.31.6 ka | W013 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z1/I5 | Lower Yana River :: Two sampled Yana individuals/SAMPLED_PERSONS/LOCAL :: Ancient genomes define an ancestry cluster termed Ancient North Siberian in analysis. The label is a model of sampled genetic relationships and must not be turned into an ethnonym. :: GENOMICS; POPULATION :: GENETIC | MEASURED_MODELLED/A :: SIB.S027 :: SIB.G027 Two_sampled_Yana_individuals –EVENT_GENOMICS–> OCCUPATION_013; LOCAL_PERIOD=YANA_ANCIENT_NORTH_SIBERIANS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U013
CA.SIB.000028 | [OCCUPATION-014] c.32–28 ka | W013 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z1/I3 | Northeast Siberia :: Mobile hunter communities/SOCIOECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/SUBREGIONAL :: Ivory, bone, stone, clothing, fuel, storage and route knowledge make cold adaptation a learned capability stack rather than a biological essence. :: TECHNOLOGY; FOOD; SHELTER; KNOWLEDGE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S026; SIB.S027 :: SIB.G028 Mobile_hunter_communities –PROCESS_TECHNOLOGY–> OCCUPATION_014; LOCAL_PERIOD=HIGH_ARCTIC_TECHNOLOGY; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004; SIB.U003
CA.SIB.000029 | [OCCUPATION-015] c.24 ka | W013 | CONDITION/APPROXIMATE/Z1/I4 | Upper Angara region :: Mal’ta–Buret’ hunter communities/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/SUBREGIONAL :: Dwellings, portable art and a child’s genome illuminate Upper Palaeolithic life and Ancient North Eurasian-related ancestry. The archaeological complex and genetic label remain different categories. :: SETTLEMENT; ART; GENOMICS; KINSHIP :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ART_HISTORICAL; GENETIC | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S028 :: SIB.G029 Mal’ta–Buret’_hunter_communities –CONDITION_SETTLEMENT–> OCCUPATION_015; LOCAL_PERIOD=MALTA_BURET_SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U013
CA.SIB.000030 | [OCCUPATION-016] c.24 ka | W013 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z1/I5 | Mal’ta, Upper Angara :: MA-1 child/PERSON/LOCAL :: The sampled child contributes a major ancestry point connecting later Eurasian and Indigenous-American population histories. The child’s life cannot be reduced to the later uses of the genome. :: GENOMICS; PERSONHOOD; POPULATION :: GENETIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | MEASURED/A :: SIB.S028 :: SIB.G030 MA-1_child –EVENT_GENOMICS–> OCCUPATION_016; LOCAL_PERIOD=MALTA_CHILD; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U013; SIB.U014
CA.SIB.000031 | [OCCUPATION-017] c.20–17 ka | W014 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z1/I4 | Middle Yenisei near Krasnoyarsk :: Afontova Gora communities and sampled individuals/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/LOCAL :: Late-glacial settlement and genomes show persistence and recombination of Ancient North Eurasian-related ancestry near the Yenisei. :: SETTLEMENT; GENOMICS; SUBSISTENCE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GENETIC | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S027; SIB.S028 :: SIB.G031 Afontova_Gora_communities_and_sampled_individuals –CONDITION_SETTLEMENT–> OCCUPATION_017; LOCAL_PERIOD=AFONTOVA_GORA; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U013
CA.SIB.000032 | [OCCUPATION-018] Last Glacial Maximum, c.26.5–19 ka | W013–W014 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z1/I3 | Southern and interior Siberia :: Human habitat networks/SOCIOECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Severe climate compresses, redirects or interrupts occupation networks. Absence at a particular site cannot be generalized to total regional abandonment. :: HABITAT; MOBILITY; DEMOGRAPHY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL | INFERRED_CONVERGENCE/B :: SIB.S027; SIB.S028 :: SIB.G032 Human_habitat_networks –PROCESS_HABITAT–> OCCUPATION_018; LOCAL_PERIOD=REFUGIA_AND_CONTRACTION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U005; SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000033 | [OCCUPATION-019] c.17–12 ka | W014 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z1/I4 | Baikal, Yenisei, Lena and northeast corridors :: Late Palaeolithic populations/POPULATION_HISTORY/REGIONAL :: Warming, river productivity and changing prey open new routes while population ancestry is repeatedly recomposed. The process feeds Beringian histories without making Siberia their sole owner. :: POPULATION; MOBILITY; ECOLOGY :: GENETIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S027; SIB.S029 :: SIB.G033 Late_Palaeolithic_populations –TRANSITION_POPULATION–> OCCUPATION_019; LOCAL_PERIOD=LATE_GLACIAL_REEXPANSION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U015; SIB.U014
CA.SIB.000034 | [OCCUPATION-020] c.14 ka | W014 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z1/I5 | Selenga valley south of Lake Baikal :: Ust’-Kyakhta-3 individual/PERSON/LOCAL :: A tooth genome provides the oldest sampled connection near Baikal to ancestry later widespread among Indigenous peoples of the Americas. It does not assign the individual a modern American identity. :: GENOMICS; POPULATION :: GENETIC | MEASURED_MODELLED/A :: SIB.S029; SIB.S030 :: SIB.G034 Ust’-Kyakhta-3_individual –EVENT_GENOMICS–> OCCUPATION_020; LOCAL_PERIOD=UST_KYAKHTA_3; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U014
CA.SIB.000035 | [OCCUPATION-021] c.14–11.7 ka | W014–W015 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z1/I3 | North Asian interior :: Late-glacial hunter systems/SOCIOECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Wild-reindeer, horse, mammoth and other prey distributions change as forest and wetland systems expand. Communities alter mobility, tools and storage without one synchronous subsistence revolution. :: FOOD; MOBILITY; ECOLOGY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S035; SIB.S027 :: SIB.G035 Late-glacial_hunter_systems –PROCESS_FOOD–> OCCUPATION_021; LOCAL_PERIOD=REINDEER_AND_FOREST_TRANSITION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U037; SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000036 | [OCCUPATION-022] Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene | W014–W016 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z1/I4 | Northeast Siberia and Baikal corridors :: Ancient North Siberian, Ancient Palaeo-Siberian and East Asian-related ancestry components/ANALYTICAL_POPULATION_MODEL/INTERREGIONAL :: Ancient genomes support repeated mixture and replacement. Analytical ancestry labels describe modelled genetic relationships and never stand in for languages, peoples or political succession. :: GENOMICS; POPULATION; METHOD :: GENETIC | MODELLED_CONVERGENCE/A :: SIB.S027; SIB.S029 :: SIB.G036 Ancient_North_Siberian,_Ancient_Palaeo-Siberian_and_East_Asian-related_ancestry_components –PROCESS_GENOMICS–> OCCUPATION_022; LOCAL_PERIOD=POPULATION_RECOMPOSITION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U013; SIB.U014

5C. EARLY HOLOCENE, BAIKAL AND YAKUTIAN SYSTEMS

CA.SIB.000037 | [HOLOCENE-001] c.9700–8000 BCE | W015–W016 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z2/I3 | Siberian river, lake, taiga and tundra zones :: Hunter-fisher communities/SOCIOECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Warming reorganizes travel surfaces, fishing, wild-reindeer routes, plant use and settlement rhythms. Adaptation remains locally diverse and is not equivalent to adopting agriculture. :: SUBSISTENCE; MOBILITY; ECOLOGY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S035; SIB.S034 :: SIB.G037 Hunter-fisher_communities –TRANSITION_SUBSISTENCE–> HOLOCENE_001; LOCAL_PERIOD=EARLY_HOLOCENE_ADAPTATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004; SIB.U016
CA.SIB.000038 | [HOLOCENE-002] c.9000–6000 BCE | W015–W017 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Lena basin and northeast Siberia :: Sumnagin-labelled assemblages/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/REGIONAL :: Microlithic and mobile hunter-fisher assemblages organize an archaeological horizon across a wide area. The label does not define one people or language. :: TECHNOLOGY; MOBILITY; SUBSISTENCE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/B :: SIB.S037; SIB.S033 :: SIB.G038 Sumnagin-labelled_assemblages –CONDITION_TECHNOLOGY–> HOLOCENE_002; LOCAL_PERIOD=SUMNAGIN_TRADITION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U018
CA.SIB.000039 | [HOLOCENE-003] c.12,000–9000 BCE | W014–W015 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z1/I4 | Transbaikal and eastern Siberian interfaces :: Early ceramic traditions/TECHNOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Pottery appears among foraging societies at different times and through different technical lineages. Container technology does not prove crops, villages or a migrating farmer population. :: TECHNOLOGY; FOOD; STORAGE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/B :: SIB.S033 :: SIB.G039 Early_ceramic_traditions –PROCESS_TECHNOLOGY–> HOLOCENE_003; LOCAL_PERIOD=EARLY_POTTERY_SIBERIA; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U016
CA.SIB.000040 | [HOLOCENE-004] c.10,500–9000 BCE | W014–W015 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Upper Vitim basin, Transbaikal :: Ust’-Karenga ceramic assemblages/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/LOCAL :: Early pottery contexts show container production within mobile or semi-mobile subsistence systems; precise beginning depends on context and radiocarbon reservoir correction. :: TECHNOLOGY; FOOD; CHRONOLOGY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_CONTESTED/B :: SIB.S033 :: SIB.G040 Ust’-Karenga_ceramic_assemblages –CONDITION_TECHNOLOGY–> HOLOCENE_004; LOCAL_PERIOD=UST_KARENGA_POTTERY; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U016
CA.SIB.000041 | [HOLOCENE-005] c.7200–6200 BCE | W016 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Zhokhov Island, New Siberian Islands :: Zhokhov hunter community/SITE_COMMUNITY/LOCAL :: A high-Arctic settlement documents hunting, craft and long-distance movement when the island was connected differently to surrounding landscapes. :: OCCUPATION; ARCTIC_ADAPTATION; EXCHANGE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/A :: SIB.S031; SIB.S032 :: SIB.G041 Zhokhov_hunter_community –CONDITION_OCCUPATION–> HOLOCENE_005; LOCAL_PERIOD=ZHOKHOV_OCCUPATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U005
CA.SIB.000042 | [HOLOCENE-006] c.7000 BCE | W016 | PROCESS/APPROXIMATE/Z2/I5 | Zhokhov site and surrounding Arctic routes :: Humans and domesticated dogs/MULTISPECIES_SYSTEM/LOCAL :: Dog remains, morphology and wider genomes support specialized Arctic dog lineages and likely transport roles. A modern sled-team organization is not projected backward without direct evidence. :: ANIMALS; TRANSPORT; KINSHIP; TECHNOLOGY :: ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; GENETIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT_INFERRED/B :: SIB.S031; SIB.S032 :: SIB.G042 Humans_and_domesticated_dogs –PROCESS_ANIMALS–> HOLOCENE_006; LOCAL_PERIOD=ZHOKHOV_DOG_RELATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U017
CA.SIB.000043 | [HOLOCENE-007] c.7000 BCE | W016 | PROCESS/APPROXIMATE/Z2/I4 | Northeast Siberian Arctic :: Zhokhov material network/EXCHANGE_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Stone and ivory movement indicates routes extending far beyond one camp. Seasonal and social connections make remoteness a property of later transport systems, not an inherent ancient condition. :: EXCHANGE; MOBILITY; MATERIALS :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S031 :: SIB.G043 Zhokhov_material_network –PROCESS_EXCHANGE–> HOLOCENE_007; LOCAL_PERIOD=ZHOKHOV_EXCHANGE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003
CA.SIB.000044 | [HOLOCENE-008] c.5000–3500 BCE | W018–W020 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Middle Lena and Yakutia :: Syalakh-labelled hunter-fisher assemblages/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/REGIONAL :: Ceramics and subsistence assemblages define a regional archaeological complex whose ancestry and later linguistic relations are heterogeneous and revisable. The broad range follows current radiocarbon and genomic syntheses rather than one fixed culture boundary. :: POTTERY; SUBSISTENCE; MOBILITY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GENETIC | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S037; SIB.S038 :: SIB.G044 Syalakh-labelled_hunter-fisher_assemblages –CONDITION_POTTERY–> HOLOCENE_008; LOCAL_PERIOD=SYALAKH_COMPLEX; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U022; SIB.U023
CA.SIB.000045 | [HOLOCENE-009] c.3500–2300 BCE | W020–W022 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Lena basin and Yakutia :: Belkachi-labelled assemblages/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/REGIONAL :: Changing ceramics, tools and settlement patterns define a later complex within an overlapping Syalakh–Belkachi chronological field. It cannot be serialized as a direct ethnic child of Syalakh. :: POTTERY; TECHNOLOGY; SUBSISTENCE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GENETIC | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S037; SIB.S038 :: SIB.G045 Belkachi-labelled_assemblages –CONDITION_POTTERY–> HOLOCENE_009; LOCAL_PERIOD=BELKACHI_COMPLEX; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U022
CA.SIB.000046 | [HOLOCENE-010] c.2300–1300 BCE | W022–W024 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Yakutia and northeast Siberia :: Ymyyakhtakh-labelled assemblages/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/REGIONAL :: Ceramics and mobile hunter-fisher lifeways spread through networks that may include people, marriage and skills. The complex is not one nation crossing an empty map. :: TECHNOLOGY; MOBILITY; EXCHANGE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GENETIC | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S037; SIB.S038 :: SIB.G046 Ymyyakhtakh-labelled_assemblages –CONDITION_TECHNOLOGY–> HOLOCENE_010; LOCAL_PERIOD=YMYIAKHTAKH_COMPLEX; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U022; SIB.U018
CA.SIB.000047 | [HOLOCENE-011] c.6000–5000 BCE | W017–W018 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Cis-Baikal, Angara and Lena headwaters :: Early Neolithic burial communities/MORTUARY_SYSTEM/SUBREGIONAL :: Cemeteries create dense evidence for diet, kinship and mobility, but burial samples represent selected persons and episodes rather than the entire living population. :: MORTUARY; KINSHIP; DIET; EVIDENCE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/A :: SIB.S035; SIB.S036 :: SIB.G047 Early_Neolithic_burial_communities –CONDITION_MORTUARY–> HOLOCENE_011; LOCAL_PERIOD=EARLY_BAIKAL_CEMETERIES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U021; SIB.U005
CA.SIB.000048 | [HOLOCENE-012] c.6000–4900 BCE | W017–W018 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Cis-Baikal and Angara–Lena region :: Kitoi-labelled hunter-fisher communities/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/SUBREGIONAL :: Cemeteries, tools and aquatic diets identify a major Early Neolithic complex. Kitoi is an archaeological category, not a defensible ethnonym or language; local chronologies vary with reservoir correction. :: SUBSISTENCE; MORTUARY; TECHNOLOGY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL; GENETIC | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S035; SIB.S037; SIB.S034 :: SIB.G048 Kitoi-labelled_hunter-fisher_communities –CONDITION_SUBSISTENCE–> HOLOCENE_012; LOCAL_PERIOD=KITOI_COMPLEX; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U018; SIB.U021
CA.SIB.000049 | [HOLOCENE-013] c.6000–4900 BCE | W017–W018 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I5 | Lake Baikal, Angara and tributaries :: Fishing, hunting and gathering systems/SOCIOECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/SUBREGIONAL :: Fish and other aquatic resources support mobility, aggregation and burial communities. Reservoir effects complicate radiocarbon dates, so diet and chronology must be modelled together. :: FOOD; WATER; DATING; MOBILITY :: PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_MODELLED/A :: SIB.S035; SIB.S034 :: SIB.G049 Fishing,_hunting_and_gathering_systems –PROCESS_FOOD–> HOLOCENE_013; LOCAL_PERIOD=KITOI_AQUATIC_FLOOR; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U019; SIB.U021
CA.SIB.000050 | [HOLOCENE-014] c.6000–4900 BCE | W017–W018 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I5 | Southwest Lake Baikal :: Shamanka II burial group/MORTUARY_SITE/LOCAL :: Burials and biomolecular work expose kinship, mobility and diet at high resolution. The site is a sampled community, not a miniature of all Baikal society; modeled phases differ among studies. :: KINSHIP; DIET; MOBILITY; MORTUARY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GENETIC; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL | MEASURED_MODELLED/A :: SIB.S035; SIB.S037 :: SIB.G050 Shamanka_II_burial_group –CONDITION_KINSHIP–> HOLOCENE_014; LOCAL_PERIOD=SHAMANKA_II; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U021
CA.SIB.000051 | [HOLOCENE-015] c.4900–4200 BCE | W018 | CONDITION/CONTESTED/Z2/I5 | Cis-Baikal :: Apparent Early-to-Late Neolithic mortuary discontinuity/EVIDENCE_GAP/SUBREGIONAL :: A gap in major cemetery use has been interpreted as disruption or depopulation. Reservoir correction, site choice and sampling prevent a total regional hiatus from becoming certain. :: CHRONOLOGY; DEMOGRAPHY; ARCHIVE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONTESTED_MODEL/C :: SIB.S034; SIB.S035; SIB.S037 :: SIB.G051 Apparent_Early-to-Late_Neolithic_mortuary_discontinuity –CONDITION_CHRONOLOGY–> HOLOCENE_015; LOCAL_PERIOD=BAIKAL_CEMETERY_GAP; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U019; SIB.U005
CA.SIB.000052 | [HOLOCENE-016] c.4200–3000 BCE | W018–W021 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Cis-Baikal and Angara–Lena :: Serovo and Isakovo-labelled complexes/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/SUBREGIONAL :: Late Neolithic assemblages and cemeteries show renewed or differently visible occupation. They cannot be assumed to be a simple Kitoi descendant population. :: SUBSISTENCE; MORTUARY; TECHNOLOGY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GENETIC | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S035; SIB.S037; SIB.S034 :: SIB.G052 Serovo_and_Isakovo-labelled_complexes –CONDITION_SUBSISTENCE–> HOLOCENE_016; LOCAL_PERIOD=SEROVO_ISAKOVO; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U018; SIB.U019
CA.SIB.000053 | [HOLOCENE-017] c.3000–1700 BCE | W021–W023 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Baikal and Angara–Lena region :: Glazkovo-labelled communities/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/SUBREGIONAL :: Copper and bronze objects, burial forms, hunting and fishing coexist within changing exchange networks. Metal use does not turn the system into an urban or agrarian stage. :: METALLURGY; EXCHANGE; SUBSISTENCE; MORTUARY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GENETIC | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S035; SIB.S037; SIB.S041 :: SIB.G053 Glazkovo-labelled_communities –CONDITION_METALLURGY–> HOLOCENE_017; LOCAL_PERIOD=GLAZKOVO_COMPLEX; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U018
CA.SIB.000054 | [HOLOCENE-018] c.5500 years ago | W019–W020 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z2/I5 | Lake Baikal cemetery network :: Sampled hunter-gatherer families and Yersinia pestis/PATHOGEN_EVENT/SUBREGIONAL :: Ancient DNA published in 2026 identifies lethal plague infections in multiple sampled burial groups beginning about 5.5 ka ago. The detection does not by itself prove the cause of every cultural transition. :: HEALTH; PATHOGENS; KINSHIP; DEMOGRAPHY :: GENETIC; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL | MEASURED_INFERRED/A :: SIB.S039 :: SIB.G054 Sampled_hunter-gatherer_families_and_Yersinia_pestis –EVENT_HEALTH–> HOLOCENE_018; LOCAL_PERIOD=BAIKAL_PLAGUE_OUTBREAKS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U020; SIB.U021
CA.SIB.000055 | [HOLOCENE-019] Late Neolithic to Bronze Age | W019–W024 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Baikal and Yakutia :: Sampled ancient populations/ANALYTICAL_POPULATION_MODEL/REGIONAL :: Ancient genomes show mixture, movement and partial discontinuity among named archaeological complexes. No protected relation encodes a culture label as an ethnic or linguistic successor. :: GENOMICS; POPULATION; METHOD :: GENETIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | MODELLED_CONVERGENCE/A :: SIB.S037; SIB.S038 :: SIB.G055 Sampled_ancient_populations –PROCESS_GENOMICS–> HOLOCENE_019; LOCAL_PERIOD=BAIKAL_POPULATION_RECOMPOSITION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U018; SIB.U022
CA.SIB.000056 | [HOLOCENE-020] Early to Middle Holocene | W015–W021 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I3 | Baikal, Angara, Lena, Yenisei and Ob basins :: Nets, hooks, weirs, boats and ice knowledge/CAPABILITY_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Aquatic technologies coordinate materials, seasonal calendars, skilled labour and sharing rules. Their capability is visible only when the river–lake ecological floor and teaching network are included. :: FOOD; TECHNOLOGY; EDUCATION; WATER :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S035; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G056 Nets,_hooks,_weirs,_boats_and_ice_knowledge –PROCESS_FOOD–> HOLOCENE_020; LOCAL_PERIOD=FISHING_TECHNOLOGY; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003
CA.SIB.000057 | [HOLOCENE-021] Holocene | W015–W041 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I3 | Taiga, tundra and river corridors :: Mobile hunter-fisher households and camps/SOCIAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Small groups disperse and aggregate around runs, crossings, ritual, marriage and exchange. Mobility is organized social infrastructure, not absence of settlement. :: MOBILITY; KINSHIP; FOOD; EXCHANGE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S035; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G057 Mobile_hunter-fisher_households_and_camps –PROCESS_MOBILITY–> HOLOCENE_021; LOCAL_PERIOD=SEASONAL_AGGREGATION_DISPERSAL; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003; SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000058 | [HOLOCENE-022] Holocene | W015–W041 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I3 | North Asian interior :: Caches, dried food, dwellings, clothing and sharing relations/CAPABILITY_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Seasonal survival depends on preserved food, distributed knowledge and reciprocal claims. A cache or herd is not merely property; it is time-shifted BaseFloor capacity and a potential exclusion mechanism. :: FOOD; CARE; STORAGE; TRUST :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TESTIMONIAL | INFERRED_CONVERGENCE/B :: SIB.S035; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G058 Caches,_dried_food,_dwellings,_clothing_and_sharing_relations –PROCESS_FOOD–> HOLOCENE_022; LOCAL_PERIOD=STORAGE_AND_RISK_SHARING; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000059 | [HOLOCENE-023] Holocene | W015–W041 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I3 | Taiga, tundra and Arctic routes :: Human–dog working and social relations/MULTISPECIES_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Dogs assist hunting, hauling, route-finding, protection and companionship in locally different systems. Their role is reproduced through feeding, breeding, training and intergenerational skill. :: ANIMALS; TRANSPORT; CARE; EDUCATION :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GENETIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S031; SIB.S032 :: SIB.G059 Human–dog_working_and_social_relations –PROCESS_ANIMALS–> HOLOCENE_023; LOCAL_PERIOD=DOG_HUMAN_INFRASTRUCTURE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U017
CA.SIB.000060 | [HOLOCENE-024] c.4000–2000 BCE | W019–W023 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Lena basin and westward northern Eurasian routes :: Yakutia Late Neolithic–Bronze Age ancestry cluster/ANALYTICAL_POPULATION_MODEL/INTERREGIONAL :: Ancient genomes reveal an ancestry component dispersing westward from the Lena region around four thousand years ago and associated in models with later Uralic-language history. Language is not read directly from DNA. :: GENOMICS; MOBILITY; LANGUAGE_MODEL :: GENETIC; LINGUISTIC | MODELLED_ASSOCIATION/B :: SIB.S038 :: SIB.G060 Yakutia_Late_Neolithic–Bronze_Age_ancestry_cluster –PROCESS_GENOMICS–> HOLOCENE_024; LOCAL_PERIOD=YAKUTIA_LNBA_ANCESTRY; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U023
CA.SIB.000061 | [HOLOCENE-025] c.3000–1500 BCE | W021–W024 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Cis-Baikal and Yenisei-facing routes :: Cis-Baikal Late Neolithic–Bronze Age ancestry cluster/ANALYTICAL_POPULATION_MODEL/INTERREGIONAL :: A sampled ancestry profile is associated with later Yeniseian-language geography in an integrated model. It is not direct evidence that sampled persons spoke a reconstructable language. :: GENOMICS; MOBILITY; LANGUAGE_MODEL :: GENETIC; LINGUISTIC | MODELLED_ASSOCIATION/B :: SIB.S038 :: SIB.G061 Cis-Baikal_Late_Neolithic–Bronze_Age_ancestry_cluster –PROCESS_GENOMICS–> HOLOCENE_025; LOCAL_PERIOD=CIS_BAIKAL_LNBA_ANCESTRY; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U024
CA.SIB.000062 | [HOLOCENE-026] 2025 publication; ancient events c.4000–1500 BCE | W067 | EVENT/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Research and public evidence network :: Zeng et al. ancient-DNA study/EPISTEMIC_EVENT/PLANETARY :: Publication adds a new testable population-history model to the Atlas. Its ancient samples remain dated in their own records; the 2025 publication date marks knowledge change, not migration time. :: EVIDENCE; GENOMICS; LANGUAGE_MODEL :: DIGITAL; GENETIC; LINGUISTIC | PUBLISHED_PEER_REVIEW/A :: SIB.S038 :: SIB.G062 Zeng_et_al._ancient-DNA_study –EVENT_EVIDENCE–> HOLOCENE_026; LOCAL_PERIOD=URALIC_YENISEIAN_ADNA_PUBLICATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U023; SIB.U024
CA.SIB.000063 | [HOLOCENE-027] 2026 publication; ancient events c.3500 BCE | W068 | EVENT/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Research and public evidence network :: Macleod et al. plague study/EPISTEMIC_EVENT/PLANETARY :: Publication materially changes knowledge of disease among sampled Lake Baikal hunter-gatherers. It does not move the ancient deaths into 2026 or close their demographic consequences. :: EVIDENCE; HEALTH; GENOMICS :: DIGITAL; GENETIC; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL | PUBLISHED_PEER_REVIEW/A :: SIB.S039 :: SIB.G063 Macleod_et_al._plague_study –EVENT_EVIDENCE–> HOLOCENE_027; LOCAL_PERIOD=BAIKAL_PLAGUE_PUBLICATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U020
CA.SIB.000064 | [HOLOCENE-028] 2026 publication; Palaeolithic case | W068 | EVENT/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Research and public evidence network :: Zubova et al. dental study/EPISTEMIC_EVENT/PLANETARY :: A study interprets a specific Siberian dental lesion as possible therapeutic intervention. The Atlas retains this as a case-level assessment, not universal medical capability. :: EVIDENCE; HEALTH; TECHNOLOGY :: DIGITAL; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL | PUBLISHED_ASSESSED/B :: SIB.S040 :: SIB.G064 Zubova_et_al._dental_study –EVENT_EVIDENCE–> HOLOCENE_028; LOCAL_PERIOD=PALAEOLITHIC_DENTAL_INTERVENTION_PUBLICATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U005

5D. METAL, STEPPE–FOREST AND EXCHANGE

CA.SIB.000065 | [METAL-001] c.3300–2500 BCE | W020–W022 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Altai–Sayan, Minusinsk Basin and adjoining steppe :: Afanasievo-labelled communities/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/INTERREGIONAL :: Pastoral practices, herds, burials and ancestry linked to western steppe movements appear across the southern interface. The archaeological label does not prove that every participant spoke one Indo-European language. :: PASTORALISM; MOBILITY; MORTUARY; GENOMICS :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; GENETIC; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S042; SIB.S043; SIB.S038 :: SIB.G065 Afanasievo-labelled_communities –CONDITION_PASTORALISM–> METAL_001; LOCAL_PERIOD=AFANASIEVO_INTERFACE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U025; SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000066 | [METAL-002] c.3300–2500 BCE | W020–W022 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Altai–Sayan and Minusinsk Basin :: Pastoral and hunter-fisher communities/INTERACTION_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Domestic herds and mobile pastoral technologies enter relations with older river, forest and mountain systems through exchange, marriage, competition and selective adoption rather than total replacement. :: PASTORALISM; EXCHANGE; SUBSISTENCE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; GENETIC | INFERRED_CONVERGENCE/B :: SIB.S042; SIB.S043 :: SIB.G066 Pastoral_and_hunter-fisher_communities –TRANSITION_PASTORALISM–> METAL_002; LOCAL_PERIOD=HERDING_FOREST_STEPPE_CONTACT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U025
CA.SIB.000067 | [METAL-003] c.2500–1800 BCE | W022–W023 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Minusinsk Basin :: Okunevo-labelled communities/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/SUBREGIONAL :: Distinctive mortuary and visual traditions develop within a mixed forest-steppe population history. Later ethnonyms cannot be read from stone imagery or burial form. :: ART; MORTUARY; POPULATION :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ART_HISTORICAL; GENETIC | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S042; SIB.S043 :: SIB.G067 Okunevo-labelled_communities –CONDITION_ART–> METAL_003; LOCAL_PERIOD=OKUNEVO_COMPLEX; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U027
CA.SIB.000068 | [METAL-004] c.2200–1900 BCE | W022–W023 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I4 | West Siberia, Altai–Sayan, taiga corridors and wider Eurasia :: Seima–Turbino metalworking and exchange network/TECHNOLOGICAL_NETWORK/INTERREGIONAL :: Bronze forms, production knowledge and people move rapidly across long distances. The carrier may be objects, craftspeople, alliances or groups; no territorial Seima–Turbino empire is encoded. :: METALLURGY; SKILL; EXCHANGE; MOBILITY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_INFERRED/A :: SIB.S041; SIB.S042 :: SIB.G068 Seima–Turbino_metalworking_and_exchange_network –PROCESS_METALLURGY–> METAL_004; LOCAL_PERIOD=SEIMA_TURBINO_NETWORK; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U026
CA.SIB.000069 | [METAL-005] c.2200–1700 BCE | W022–W023 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Southern taiga and forest-steppe :: Ore, furnaces, smiths, households and exchange partners/CAPABILITY_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Metallurgical capability moves only when raw materials, furnace knowledge, fuel, skilled bodies and social demand align. Objects can travel farther than production skill and cannot alone prove population migration. :: METALLURGY; EDUCATION; EXCHANGE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL | SYSTEM_INFERENCE/A :: SIB.S041 :: SIB.G069 Ore,_furnaces,_smiths,_households_and_exchange_partners –PROCESS_METALLURGY–> METAL_005; LOCAL_PERIOD=BRONZE_SKILL_HOST_MIGRATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U026
CA.SIB.000070 | [METAL-006] c.2000–1200 BCE | W023–W025 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Southwest Siberia, Altai and forest-steppe margins :: Andronovo-horizon pastoral communities/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_HORIZON/INTERREGIONAL :: Pastoral settlements, metallurgy and mortuary patterns connect southern Siberia with Kazakhstan and the steppe. Local forager, pastoral and mixed hosts retain separate histories. :: PASTORALISM; METALLURGY; SETTLEMENT :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/B :: SIB.S042; SIB.S043 :: SIB.G070 Andronovo-horizon_pastoral_communities –CONDITION_PASTORALISM–> METAL_006; LOCAL_PERIOD=ANDRONOVO_INTERFACES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U025; SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000071 | [METAL-007] c.1500–800 BCE | W024–W027 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Minusinsk Basin, Altai–Sayan and wider southern Siberia :: Karasuk-labelled communities and metal network/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/REGIONAL :: Bronze industries, herding and exchange recompose the southern forest-steppe. Distribution of a metal style is not a coloured map of one polity or people. :: METALLURGY; PASTORALISM; EXCHANGE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S041; SIB.S042 :: SIB.G071 Karasuk-labelled_communities_and_metal_network –CONDITION_METALLURGY–> METAL_007; LOCAL_PERIOD=KARASUK_NETWORK; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U027
CA.SIB.000072 | [METAL-008] Late second to first millennium BCE | W024–W030 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Altai–Sayan and forest-steppe corridors :: Horse management, riding, tack, pasture and route systems/MULTISPECIES_INFRASTRUCTURE/INTERREGIONAL :: Horse-based mobility expands reach only where pasture, winter fodder, breeding, craft and political coordination persist. It interacts with, but does not replace, river, dog and reindeer systems. :: ANIMALS; MOBILITY; WAR; EXCHANGE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S042; SIB.S044 :: SIB.G072 Horse_management,_riding,_tack,_pasture_and_route_systems –PROCESS_ANIMALS–> METAL_008; LOCAL_PERIOD=HORSE_MOBILITY_STACK; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000073 | [METAL-009] c.900–200 BCE | W026–W030 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Minusinsk Basin :: Tagar-labelled communities/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/SUBREGIONAL :: Settlements, metallurgy, pastoralism and monumental burials define an Iron Age complex. Its social differentiation is defensible; assignment to a named historical ethnicity is not. :: METALLURGY; PASTORALISM; MORTUARY; INEQUALITY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/A :: SIB.S042; SIB.S043 :: SIB.G073 Tagar-labelled_communities –CONDITION_METALLURGY–> METAL_009; LOCAL_PERIOD=TAGAR_COMPLEX; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U027
CA.SIB.000074 | [METAL-010] c.500–300 BCE | W029–W030 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I5 | Altai Mountains :: Pazyryk-labelled burial communities/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/SUBREGIONAL :: Permafrost burials preserve textiles, horses, bodies and objects linking Altai communities to wide exchange networks. Exceptional tombs overrepresent elites and cannot define ordinary life alone. :: MORTUARY; ART; HORSES; EXCHANGE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ART_HISTORICAL; PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/A :: SIB.S043; SIB.S044 :: SIB.G074 Pazyryk-labelled_burial_communities –CONDITION_MORTUARY–> METAL_010; LOCAL_PERIOD=PAZYRYK_ALTAI; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U005; SIB.U027
CA.SIB.000075 | [METAL-011] c.300 BCE–200 CE | W030–W033 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Altai–Sayan, Transbaikal and forest-steppe margins :: Xiongnu political and exchange networks/POLITICAL_NETWORK/INTERREGIONAL :: Imperial-scale steppe relations alter tribute, war, movement and exchange along southern Siberian edges. Effective control remains networked and uneven north of core institutions. :: POLITY; WAR; TRIBUTE; EXCHANGE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S046; SIB.S044 :: SIB.G075 Xiongnu_political_and_exchange_networks –PROCESS_POLITY–> METAL_011; LOCAL_PERIOD=XIONGNU_NORTHERN_INTERFACES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U001; SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000076 | [METAL-012] c.100–700 CE | W032–W035 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Minusinsk Basin :: Tashtyk-labelled communities/ARCHAEOLOGICAL_COMPLEX/SUBREGIONAL :: Mortuary masks, settlements and material change record a post-Tagar recomposition with steppe connections. Archaeological succession does not prove one biological or linguistic succession. :: MORTUARY; SETTLEMENT; INTERACTION :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ART_HISTORICAL | MEASURED_SYNTHESIS/B :: SIB.S042; SIB.S043 :: SIB.G076 Tashtyk-labelled_communities –CONDITION_MORTUARY–> METAL_012; LOCAL_PERIOD=TASHTYK_COMPLEX; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U027
CA.SIB.000077 | [METAL-013] First millennium CE | W032–W037 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I4 | West Siberian and Yenisei taiga–forest-steppe :: Local smiths, hunters, traders and pastoral interfaces/TECHNOLOGICAL_NETWORK/REGIONAL :: Iron tools and weapons move through local production and exchange. Adoption changes woodwork, hunting and conflict but depends on ore, fuel and teaching rather than a single incoming people. :: METALLURGY; HUNTING; EXCHANGE; EDUCATION :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL | SYSTEM_INFERENCE/B :: SIB.S041; SIB.S042 :: SIB.G077 Local_smiths,_hunters,_traders_and_pastoral_interfaces –PROCESS_METALLURGY–> METAL_013; LOCAL_PERIOD=IRON_FOREST_NETWORKS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U026
CA.SIB.000078 | [METAL-014] First millennium BCE to second millennium CE | W026–W041 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I3 | Altai–Sayan, Yenisei, Ob and Lena corridors :: Forest, steppe and oasis exchange relations/EXCHANGE_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Furs, metals, horses, livestock, salt, textiles and ritual objects move across ecological zones. Flows do not imply equal bargaining power or continuous political control. :: EXCHANGE; MATERIALS; POWER :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; TEXTUAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S063; SIB.S044; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G078 Forest,_steppe_and_oasis_exchange_relations –PROCESS_EXCHANGE–> METAL_014; LOCAL_PERIOD=SOUTH_NORTH_EXCHANGE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003

5E. INNER-ASIAN AND PRE-RUSSIAN POLITICAL FIELDS

CA.SIB.000079 | [POLITY-001] 552–603 CE | W034–W035 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Altai–Sayan and wider Inner Asia :: First Turkic Khaganate/POLITY/INTERREGIONAL :: A Turkic-speaking imperial formation reorganizes steppe routes, tribute and elite politics. Its reach into forest and taiga zones is represented as relations and nodes, not uniform surface sovereignty. :: POLITY; LANGUAGE; WAR; EXCHANGE :: TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S044; SIB.S045 :: SIB.G079 First_Turkic_Khaganate –TRANSITION_POLITY–> POLITY_001; LOCAL_PERIOD=FIRST_TURKIC_KHAGANATE_INTERFACE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U028; SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000080 | [POLITY-002] Sixth–eighth centuries CE | W034–W036 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Altai–Sayan, Yenisei and Inner Asian corridors :: Turkic-speaking groups and polities/LANGUAGE_POLITY_FIELD/INTERREGIONAL :: Turkic languages and political titles spread through migration, alliance, empire and local adoption on different clocks. Language spread is not one biological replacement. :: LANGUAGE; POLITY; MOBILITY :: LINGUISTIC; EPIGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S045; SIB.S044 :: SIB.G080 Turkic-speaking_groups_and_polities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> POLITY_002; LOCAL_PERIOD=TURKIC_LANGUAGE_POLITICAL_EXPANSION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U028
CA.SIB.000081 | [POLITY-003] c.600–1200 CE | W035–W038 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Middle Yenisei and Minusinsk Basin :: Yenisei Kyrgyz political formations/POLITY_NETWORK/REGIONAL :: Named Kyrgyz formations combine pastoral, agricultural, metallurgical and tributary systems and interact with Turkic and Uyghur powers. They are not identical to every later Kyrgyz identity or modern state. :: POLITY; ECONOMY; LANGUAGE; EXCHANGE :: TEXTUAL; EPIGRAPHIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S044; SIB.S045 :: SIB.G081 Yenisei_Kyrgyz_political_formations –CONDITION_POLITY–> POLITY_003; LOCAL_PERIOD=YENISEI_KYRGYZ_FORMATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U028
CA.SIB.000082 | [POLITY-004] 840 CE | W036 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z3/I4 | Mongolian steppe and Yenisei-linked corridors :: Yenisei Kyrgyz and Uyghur Khaganate/MILITARY_POLITICAL_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: Yenisei Kyrgyz forces overthrow the Uyghur Khaganate’s steppe centre. The event expands political reach but does not convert all intervening northern territory into administered surface control. :: WAR; POLITY; MOBILITY :: TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S044; SIB.S045 :: SIB.G082 Yenisei_Kyrgyz_and_Uyghur_Khaganate –EVENT_WAR–> POLITY_004; LOCAL_PERIOD=YENISEI_KYRGYZ_DEFEAT_UYGHUR_KHAGANATE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043; SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000083 | [POLITY-005] c.900–1200 CE | W036–W038 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Ob, Yenisei, Baikal and taiga corridors :: Forest communities and southern polities/TRIBUTE_EXCHANGE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Furs and other goods connect northern communities to steppe and oasis markets through tribute, trade, alliance and raiding. Russian yasak later re-hosts rather than invents every extractive relation. :: TRIBUTE; EXCHANGE; POWER :: TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | INFERRED_CONVERGENCE/B :: SIB.S044; SIB.S058; SIB.S062 :: SIB.G083 Forest_communities_and_southern_polities –PROCESS_TRIBUTE–> POLITY_005; LOCAL_PERIOD=FOREST_TRIBUTE_BEFORE_MONGOLS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003; SIB.U044
CA.SIB.000084 | [POLITY-006] 1206–c.1368 CE | W038–W039 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Altai–Sayan, Baikal and southern Siberian interfaces :: Mongol Empire and successor uluses/IMPERIAL_NETWORK/INTERREGIONAL :: Mongol conquest and administration redistribute tribute, military service, routes and political titles. Forest peoples enter imperial relations unevenly, and local identity clocks continue. :: POLITY; WAR; TRIBUTE; MOBILITY :: TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S044; SIB.S045 :: SIB.G084 Mongol_Empire_and_successor_uluses –TRANSITION_POLITY–> POLITY_006; LOCAL_PERIOD=MONGOL_IMPERIAL_RECOMPOSITION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043; SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000085 | [POLITY-007] Thirteenth–fifteenth centuries | W038–W041 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Baikal, Upper Lena, Yenisei and western taiga :: Mongol successor polities and northern communities/POLITICAL_RELATION_FIELD/REGIONAL :: Census, tribute, military alliance, marriage and flight connect forest communities with Mongol and post-Mongol hosts. Relations vary by river basin and cannot be serialized as one conquest date. :: TRIBUTE; KINSHIP; MOBILITY; WAR :: TEXTUAL; ORAL_TRADITION; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S044; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G085 Mongol_successor_polities_and_northern_communities –PROCESS_TRIBUTE–> POLITY_007; LOCAL_PERIOD=FOREST_PEOPLES_MONGOL_RELATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043; SIB.U047
CA.SIB.000086 | [POLITY-008] Fourteenth–sixteenth centuries | W039–W042 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Tobol–Irtysh forest-steppe and lower Tobol :: Chinggisid, Taibugid and regional Sibir formations/POLITY_FIELD/REGIONAL :: Competing dynasties, towns, tribute relations, Muslim institutions and forest-steppe exchange precede the Russian campaign. Qashliq/Isker is a political centre within a broader relational field. :: POLITY; RELIGION; TRIBUTE; EXCHANGE :: TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S061; SIB.S060 :: SIB.G086 Chinggisid,_Taibugid_and_regional_Sibir_formations –CONDITION_POLITY–> POLITY_008; LOCAL_PERIOD=SIBIR_POLITICAL_FIELD; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U040; SIB.U041
CA.SIB.000087 | [POLITY-009] c.1563–1598 | W041 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Siberian Khanate and Tobol–Irtysh region :: Khan Kuchum and allied or subject communities/POLITY/REGIONAL :: Kuchum contests rivals, consolidates Chinggisid rule and later resists Russian forces after losing Qashliq. Dynastic claim, tributary reach and lived local allegiance remain distinct. :: POLITY; WAR; TRIBUTE; RELIGION :: TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S061; SIB.S060 :: SIB.G087 Khan_Kuchum_and_allied_or_subject_communities –CONDITION_POLITY–> POLITY_009; LOCAL_PERIOD=KUCHUM_RULE_AND_RESISTANCE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U041; SIB.U042

5F. PEOPLE AND LANGUAGE CLOCKS

CA.SIB.000088 | [PEOPLES-001] Late prehistoric to historical intervals, dates debated | W021–W041 | PROCESS/CONTESTED/Z2/I4 | West Siberia, Urals and northern Eurasia :: Uralic-language lineages/LANGUAGE_FAMILY/INTERREGIONAL :: Comparative linguistics reconstructs related languages and dispersal hypotheses; no protected event equates Uralic speech with one genome, ceramic complex or modern people. :: LANGUAGE; MOBILITY; METHOD :: LINGUISTIC; GENETIC | MODELLED_CONVERGENCE/B :: SIB.S038; SIB.S051 :: SIB.G088 Uralic-language_lineages –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> PEOPLES_001; LOCAL_PERIOD=URALIC_LANGUAGE_DIVERSIFICATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U023
CA.SIB.000089 | [PEOPLES-002] Historical formation with deeper language ancestry | W036–W042 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Ob–Irtysh and western Siberian taiga :: Khanty and Mansi communities/PEOPLES_LANGUAGE_FIELD/REGIONAL :: Ob-Ugric-speaking communities emerge in documentary and ethnographic visibility through local histories, southern interaction and Russian expansion. They are distinct peoples, not one legal category. :: LANGUAGE; IDENTITY; SUBSISTENCE; POLITY :: LINGUISTIC; TEXTUAL; ORAL_TRADITION | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065; SIB.S038 :: SIB.G089 Khanty_and_Mansi_communities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> PEOPLES_002; LOCAL_PERIOD=KHANTY_MANSI_HISTORICAL_FORMATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U023; SIB.U051
CA.SIB.000090 | [PEOPLES-003] Historical formation with deeper language ancestry | W036–W043 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | West and central Siberian tundra–taiga :: Nenets, Enets, Nganasan and Selkup communities/PEOPLES_LANGUAGE_FIELD/REGIONAL :: Distinct Samoyedic-speaking peoples form through different tundra, forest, river and reindeer relations. The old blanket exonym appears only inside explicitly marked historical sources. :: LANGUAGE; IDENTITY; SUBSISTENCE; MOBILITY :: LINGUISTIC; TEXTUAL; ORAL_TRADITION | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S065; SIB.S058; SIB.S038 :: SIB.G090 Nenets,_Enets,_Nganasan_and_Selkup_communities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> PEOPLES_003; LOCAL_PERIOD=NENETS_ENETS_NGANASAN_SELKUP_FORMATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U032; SIB.U037
CA.SIB.000091 | [PEOPLES-004] Historical formation, dates debated | W034–W042 | PROCESS/CONTESTED/Z3/I4 | Yenisei basin and western/central Siberia :: Yeniseian-language communities/LANGUAGE_FIELD/REGIONAL :: A formerly wider language family contracts through long interaction, assimilation and demographic pressure; Ket survives as a living language community. Prehistoric range remains reconstructed, not observed. :: LANGUAGE; DEMOGRAPHY; IDENTITY :: LINGUISTIC; TEXTUAL | MODELLED_CONVERGENCE/B :: SIB.S049; SIB.S038; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G091 Yeniseian-language_communities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> PEOPLES_004; LOCAL_PERIOD=YENISEIAN_LANGUAGE_CONTRACTION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U035; SIB.U024
CA.SIB.000092 | [PEOPLES-005] Historical formation with deeper roots | W034–W042 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Kolyma–Indigirka–Yana regions :: Tundra and Forest Yukaghir communities/PEOPLES_LANGUAGE_FIELD/REGIONAL :: Yukaghir-speaking communities maintain distinct river, hunting and mobility histories while later disease, warfare and incorporation contract territory and population. :: LANGUAGE; IDENTITY; SUBSISTENCE; MOBILITY :: LINGUISTIC; TEXTUAL; ORAL_TRADITION | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G092 Tundra_and_Forest_Yukaghir_communities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> PEOPLES_005; LOCAL_PERIOD=YUKAGHIR_LANGUAGE_PEOPLE_FORMATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U046; SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000093 | [PEOPLES-006] First to second millennium CE | W032–W042 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Central and eastern Siberian taiga :: Evenki, Even and related Tungusic-speaking communities/PEOPLES_LANGUAGE_FIELD/INTERREGIONAL :: Tungusic languages and mobile social networks expand and diversify across taiga corridors. Even and Evenki remain distinct; language movement cannot be reduced to one archaeological horizon. :: LANGUAGE; MOBILITY; IDENTITY; SUBSISTENCE :: LINGUISTIC; TEXTUAL; ORAL_TRADITION | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065; SIB.S051 :: SIB.G093 Evenki,_Even_and_related_Tungusic-speaking_communities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> PEOPLES_006; LOCAL_PERIOD=TUNGUSIC_DISPERSAL_AND_FORMATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U033
CA.SIB.000094 | [PEOPLES-007] c.1200–1500 CE | W038–W041 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Middle Lena and southern Siberian interfaces :: Sakha-speaking ancestors and local communities/PEOPLE_FORMATION/REGIONAL :: Turkic-speaking horse- and cattle-keeping groups move into and form communities in the middle Lena region through mixture, adaptation and relations with existing populations. This is not one pure migration event. :: LANGUAGE; MOBILITY; PASTORALISM; IDENTITY :: LINGUISTIC; GENETIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ORAL_TRADITION | MODELLED_CONVERGENCE/B :: SIB.S047; SIB.S058; SIB.S045 :: SIB.G094 Sakha-speaking_ancestors_and_local_communities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> PEOPLES_007; LOCAL_PERIOD=SAKHA_NORTHWARD_FORMATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U029; SIB.U028
CA.SIB.000095 | [PEOPLES-008] c.1400–1700 CE | W040–W043 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Middle Lena, alaas meadows and river corridors :: Sakha households, clans and exchange networks/SOCIOPOLITICAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Horse and cattle pastoralism, haymaking, fishing, hunting, kinship and exchange create a subarctic capability stack adapted to alaas landscapes. Russian tribute later enters an already organized field. :: PASTORALISM; FOOD; KINSHIP; EXCHANGE :: TEXTUAL; ORAL_TRADITION; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S047 :: SIB.G095 Sakha_households,_clans_and_exchange_networks –PROCESS_PASTORALISM–> PEOPLES_008; LOCAL_PERIOD=SAKHA_MIDDLE_LENA_SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U029; SIB.U003
CA.SIB.000096 | [PEOPLES-009] c.1200–1700 CE | W038–W043 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Baikal and Transbaikal :: Buryat-speaking clans and communities/PEOPLE_FORMATION/REGIONAL :: Mongolic-speaking communities form through local Baikal histories, steppe relations and later political pressures. Deep Baikal archaeology is not retroactively labelled Buryat. :: LANGUAGE; IDENTITY; PASTORALISM; POLITY :: LINGUISTIC; TEXTUAL; ORAL_TRADITION | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S050; SIB.S058; SIB.S044 :: SIB.G096 Buryat-speaking_clans_and_communities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> PEOPLES_009; LOCAL_PERIOD=BURYAT_FORMATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U030
CA.SIB.000097 | [PEOPLES-010] c.1600–1900 CE | W042–W048 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Taimyr and lower Yenisei region :: Dolgan communities/PEOPLE_FORMATION/REGIONAL :: A distinct Turkic-speaking people forms through Sakha-related migration, Evenki, local northern and Russian relations under changing tribute and pastoral systems. Recent formation does not make identity less real. :: LANGUAGE; IDENTITY; MOBILITY; REINDEER :: LINGUISTIC; TEXTUAL; ORAL_TRADITION | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G097 Dolgan_communities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> PEOPLES_010; LOCAL_PERIOD=DOLGAN_ETHNOGENESIS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U031; SIB.U028
CA.SIB.000098 | [PEOPLES-011] c.1500–1800 CE | W041–W045 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Chukotka interior and Kolyma–Anadyr interfaces :: Chukchi communities/PEOPLE_POLITY_FIELD/REGIONAL :: Reindeer-herding and coastal Chukchi groups expand and contest neighbouring and Russian power through trade, raiding, alliance and warfare. Object 30 retains the fuller Pacific and coastal clock. :: IDENTITY; REINDEER; WAR; EXCHANGE :: TEXTUAL; ORAL_TRADITION; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G098 Chukchi_communities –PROCESS_IDENTITY–> PEOPLES_011; LOCAL_PERIOD=CHUKCHI_EXPANSION_AND_RELATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U034; SIB.U037
CA.SIB.000099 | [PEOPLES-012] Historical intervals to present | W037–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Altai–Sayan and upper Yenisei :: Altai, Tuvan, Khakas, Shor, Chulym, Teleut and other Turkic-speaking peoples/PEOPLES_LANGUAGE_FIELD/REGIONAL :: Distinct Turkic-speaking peoples develop through different mountain, forest, pastoral, mining and political histories. A family relation neither erases differences nor assigns one political ancestry. :: LANGUAGE; IDENTITY; SUBSISTENCE; POLITY :: LINGUISTIC; TEXTUAL; ORAL_TRADITION | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S045; SIB.S058; SIB.S044 :: SIB.G099 Altai,_Tuvan,_Khakas,_Shor,_Chulym,_Teleut_and_other_Turkic-speaking_peoples –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> PEOPLES_012; LOCAL_PERIOD=ALTAI_TUVA_KHAKAS_SHOR_TURKIC_DIVERSITY; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U028; SIB.U069
CA.SIB.000100 | [PEOPLES-013] Historical intervals to present | W037–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Object 19 taiga, tundra, river and mountain systems :: Living Indigenous languages and multilingual communities/LANGUAGE_ECOLOGY/REGIONAL :: Language use is carried by households, camps, schools, ritual, work, media and administration. Speaker counts cannot substitute for domains, teaching quality or community authority. :: LANGUAGE; EDUCATION; MEMORY; IDENTITY :: LINGUISTIC; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S097; SIB.S098; SIB.S100 :: SIB.G100 Living_Indigenous_languages_and_multilingual_communities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> PEOPLES_013; LOCAL_PERIOD=NORTHERN_LANGUAGE_ECOLOGIES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U074; SIB.U073

5G. REINDEER WORLDS

CA.SIB.000101 | [REINDEER-001] Late Pleistocene to present | W013–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z2/I4 | Tundra, forest-tundra and taiga migration corridors :: Wild reindeer and hunter communities/MULTISPECIES_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Wild herds provide food, hides, bone, antler and seasonal orientation. Hunters shape knowledge and pressure, but wild populations retain ecological dynamics distinct from domestic herds. :: ANIMALS; FOOD; MOBILITY; KNOWLEDGE :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S026; SIB.S058; SIB.S101 :: SIB.G101 Wild_reindeer_and_hunter_communities –PROCESS_ANIMALS–> REINDEER_001; LOCAL_PERIOD=WILD_REINDEER_HUNTING; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U037; SIB.U082
CA.SIB.000102 | [REINDEER-002] First millennium BCE to first millennium CE | W026–W037 | PROCESS/CONTESTED/Z2/I4 | Northern Eurasian taiga and tundra :: Human–reindeer management relations/MULTISPECIES_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Taming, attraction, transport, decoy use, protection and breeding likely develop in more than one place and sequence. No single date transforms wild prey into one universal domestic species relation. :: ANIMALS; DOMESTICATION; MOBILITY :: ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL; GENETIC; TESTIMONIAL | MODELLED_CONVERGENCE/B :: SIB.S052; SIB.S053; SIB.S054 :: SIB.G102 Human–reindeer_management_relations –PROCESS_ANIMALS–> REINDEER_002; LOCAL_PERIOD=REINDEER_MANAGEMENT_EMERGENCE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U036
CA.SIB.000103 | [REINDEER-003] c.500 BCE–500 CE | W029–W034 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z2/I5 | Lower Ob, Ust’-Polui :: Proposed reindeer headgear and transport system/TECHNOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/LOCAL :: Artefacts interpreted as reindeer headgear support a transport or handling relation more than two thousand years ago. Exact use, users and scale remain assessed. :: ANIMALS; TRANSPORT; TECHNOLOGY :: ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL | ASSESSED/B :: SIB.S054 :: SIB.G103 Proposed_reindeer_headgear_and_transport_system –CONDITION_ANIMALS–> REINDEER_003; LOCAL_PERIOD=UST_POLUI_HARNESSING_EVIDENCE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U038; SIB.U036
CA.SIB.000104 | [REINDEER-004] First–second millennia CE | W032–W045 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Central and northern Siberia :: Evenki, Even, Nenets, Chukchi and other local systems/MULTISPECIES_INFRASTRUCTURE/REGIONAL :: Pack, traction, riding or herd-following relations develop differently across communities. Transport capability depends on skill, animal care, pasture and route knowledge, not reindeer presence alone. :: ANIMALS; TRANSPORT; EDUCATION; CARE :: TESTIMONIAL; TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S054; SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G104 Evenki,_Even,_Nenets,_Chukchi_and_other_local_systems –PROCESS_ANIMALS–> REINDEER_004; LOCAL_PERIOD=REINDEER_TRANSPORT_DIVERSIFICATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U037; SIB.U038
CA.SIB.000105 | [REINDEER-005] Second millennium CE to present | W037–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Yamal, Taimyr, Chukotka and selected tundra zones :: Nenets, Chukchi and other pastoral hosts/PASTORAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Large domestic herds support migration, food, transport, exchange and identity in some tundra regions. They are not the default economy of every northern people and change under state, market and climate pressure. :: ANIMALS; FOOD; MOBILITY; ECONOMY :: TESTIMONIAL; TEXTUAL; GENETIC | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S055; SIB.S057; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G105 Nenets,_Chukchi_and_other_pastoral_hosts –PROCESS_ANIMALS–> REINDEER_005; LOCAL_PERIOD=LARGE_HERD_PASTORAL_SYSTEMS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U037; SIB.U039
CA.SIB.000106 | [REINDEER-006] Second millennium CE to present | W037–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Central and eastern Siberian taiga :: Evenki, Even and other taiga pastoral systems/PASTORAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Smaller transport-oriented herds coexist with hunting and fishing. Mobility, family labour and animal skill differ structurally from large-herd tundra pastoralism. :: ANIMALS; HUNTING; MOBILITY; ECONOMY :: TESTIMONIAL; TEXTUAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S055; SIB.S056; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G106 Evenki,_Even_and_other_taiga_pastoral_systems –PROCESS_ANIMALS–> REINDEER_006; LOCAL_PERIOD=SMALL_HERD_TAIGA_PASTORALISM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U037; SIB.U033
CA.SIB.000107 | [REINDEER-007] Long duration | W032–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Northern Eurasia :: Wild and domestic reindeer populations/GENETIC_ECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Genomic evidence shows multiple domestication histories and continued mixing. Domesticity is a maintained relationship and skill regime, not a permanent binary written once into the genome. :: ANIMALS; GENOMICS; DOMESTICATION :: GENETIC; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL | MODELLED_CONVERGENCE/A :: SIB.S052; SIB.S053 :: SIB.G107 Wild_and_domestic_reindeer_populations –PROCESS_ANIMALS–> REINDEER_007; LOCAL_PERIOD=WILD_DOMESTIC_GENE_FLOW; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U036; SIB.U039
CA.SIB.000108 | [REINDEER-008] Historical to present | W041–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Tundra and taiga communities :: Herders, hunters, children, animals and landscapes/EDUCATION_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Route choice, snow reading, animal health, lichen access, slaughter, breeding and weather judgement are reproduced through participation. Removing mobility can damage the education carrier even when herd numbers remain. :: EDUCATION; ANIMALS; KNOWLEDGE; MOBILITY :: TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S057; SIB.S056 :: SIB.G108 Herders,_hunters,_children,_animals_and_landscapes –PROCESS_EDUCATION–> REINDEER_008; LOCAL_PERIOD=REINDEER_KNOWLEDGE_REPRODUCTION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U037; SIB.U060
CA.SIB.000109 | [REINDEER-009] Historical to present | W041–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Northern Siberia :: Pastoral households, traders, collective farms, companies and states/ECONOMIC_GOVERNANCE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Meat, antler, transport, wages, subsidy, veterinary science and land access repeatedly re-host pastoral practice. State support can add capability while also narrowing autonomy. :: ECONOMY; GOVERNANCE; ANIMALS; LABOUR :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S056; SIB.S055; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G109 Pastoral_households,_traders,_collective_farms,_companies_and_states –PROCESS_ECONOMY–> REINDEER_009; LOCAL_PERIOD=REINDEER_MARKET_STATE_INTERFACE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U039; SIB.U068
CA.SIB.000110 | [REINDEER-010] Present analytical rule | W068 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Object 19 machine layer :: Wild-herd, domestic-herd, archaeological, breed, people and legal-category records/CATEGORY_CONTROL/REGIONAL :: The serializer forbids REINDEER from implying one economy, one people or one origin. Every claim names herd status, host community, interval, scale and evidence. :: METHOD; IDENTITY; ANIMALS :: DIGITAL; MULTI_SOURCE | AUDITED/A :: SIB.S003; SIB.S052; SIB.S053 :: SIB.G110 Wild-herd,_domestic-herd,_archaeological,_breed,_people_and_legal-category_records –CONDITION_METHOD–> REINDEER_010; LOCAL_PERIOD=REINDEER_IDENTITY_FIREWALL; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U037; SIB.U036; SIB.U039

5H. RUSSIAN COLONIAL EXPANSION

CA.SIB.000111 | [EXPANSION-001] Eleventh–fifteenth centuries | W037–W041 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Urals, Ob basin and northern river routes :: Novgorodian, Permian, Ugric and northern exchange networks/EXCHANGE_TRIBUTE_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Furs and other goods move west before Muscovite conquest through trade, tribute and mediation. Russian expansion inherits an operating northern commodity field rather than discovering an empty one. :: EXCHANGE; TRIBUTE; FURS; MOBILITY :: TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S062; SIB.S058; SIB.S063 :: SIB.G111 Novgorodian,_Permian,_Ugric_and_northern_exchange_networks –PROCESS_EXCHANGE–> EXPANSION_001; LOCAL_PERIOD=PRE_MUSCOVITE_FUR_RELATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003; SIB.U044
CA.SIB.000112 | [EXPANSION-002] 1478 | W040 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I4 | Novgorod and northern route system :: Grand Principality of Moscow and Novgorod/POLITICAL_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: Moscow’s annexation of Novgorod re-hosts northern tribute and commercial knowledge within a more centralized state. It does not yet create effective control across Siberia. :: POLITY; TRADE; INHERITANCE :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S062; SIB.S061 :: SIB.G112 Grand_Principality_of_Moscow_and_Novgorod –EVENT_POLITY–> EXPANSION_002; LOCAL_PERIOD=MOSCOW_ANNEXES_NOVGOROD; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000113 | [EXPANSION-003] 1552 | W041 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I4 | Middle Volga and Ural approaches :: Tsardom of Russia and Kazan Khanate/MILITARY_POLITICAL_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: The Russian conquest of Kazan changes access, military capacity and political pressure east of the Volga. It enables but does not predetermine the later Siberian campaign. :: WAR; POLITY; CORRIDORS :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S061; SIB.S060 :: SIB.G113 Tsardom_of_Russia_and_Kazan_Khanate –EVENT_WAR–> EXPANSION_003; LOCAL_PERIOD=CONQUEST_OF_KAZAN; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043; SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000114 | [EXPANSION-004] 1558 | W041 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I5 | Kama–Ural frontier :: Ivan IV and Stroganov interests/LEGAL_ECONOMIC_EVENT/REGIONAL :: A charter grants the Stroganovs privileges to develop and defend lands along eastern approaches. A paper concession encodes claim and delegated force, not observed surface occupation. :: LAW; LAND; EXTRACTION; SECURITY :: LEGAL; TEXTUAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S068; SIB.S061 :: SIB.G114 Ivan_IV_and_Stroganov_interests –EVENT_LAW–> EXPANSION_004; LOCAL_PERIOD=STROGANOV_CHARTER; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000115 | [EXPANSION-005] 1560s–1580s | W041 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Kama and Ural corridors :: Stroganov enterprises, settlers, guards and local communities/COLONIAL_ECONOMIC_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Salt, agriculture, forts, trade and armed defence create a private–state frontier stack. Its gains and violence fall unevenly on local land and communities. :: ECONOMY; SETTLEMENT; WAR; LAND :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S061; SIB.S060 :: SIB.G115 Stroganov_enterprises,_settlers,_guards_and_local_communities –PROCESS_ECONOMY–> EXPANSION_005; LOCAL_PERIOD=STROGANOV_FRONTIER_SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043; SIB.U047
CA.SIB.000116 | [EXPANSION-006] 1581/1582–1585 | W041 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I5 | Urals to Tobol–Irtysh :: Yermak’s Cossack force, Stroganov backers and Sibir opponents/MILITARY_EXPEDITION/REGIONAL :: A small armed force crosses the Urals, defeats several forces and occupies Qashliq temporarily. The campaign opens a reversible military corridor rather than conquering a continent at once. :: WAR; MOBILITY; POLITY; LOGISTICS :: TEXTUAL | DOCUMENTED_CONTESTED_CHRONOLOGY/B :: SIB.S061; SIB.S060; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G116 Yermak’s_Cossack_force,_Stroganov_backers_and_Sibir_opponents –PROCESS_WAR–> EXPANSION_006; LOCAL_PERIOD=YERMAK_CAMPAIGN; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U042; SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000117 | [EXPANSION-007] 1582 | W041 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z3/I5 | Qashliq/Isker on the Irtysh :: Yermak’s force and Siberian Khanate/MILITARY_POLITICAL_EVENT/LOCAL :: Russian-led forces seize the khanate’s centre after battle. Kuchum and regional allies continue resistance, demonstrating that loss of a point is not loss of an entire surface. :: WAR; POLITY; CONTROL_GEOMETRY :: TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | DOCUMENTED/B :: SIB.S061; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G117 Yermak’s_force_and_Siberian_Khanate –EVENT_WAR–> EXPANSION_007; LOCAL_PERIOD=QASHLIQ_SEIZED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U042; SIB.U041; SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000118 | [EXPANSION-008] 1585 | W041 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z3/I5 | Irtysh region :: Yermak and Siberian Khanate forces/MILITARY_EVENT/LOCAL :: Yermak dies during renewed conflict and his surviving force withdraws. The reversal confirms the fragility of early Russian point control. :: WAR; CONTROL_GEOMETRY :: TEXTUAL | DOCUMENTED_CONTESTED_DETAIL/B :: SIB.S061; SIB.S060 :: SIB.G118 Yermak_and_Siberian_Khanate_forces –EVENT_WAR–> EXPANSION_008; LOCAL_PERIOD=YERMAK_DIES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U042; SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000119 | [EXPANSION-009] 1586 | W041 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I4 | Tura River :: Russian state garrison and regional inhabitants/FORT_SETTLEMENT/LOCAL :: The state establishes Tyumen as a fort and administrative node. It becomes a durable point in the river-line expansion system while local territory remains negotiated and contested. :: SETTLEMENT; ADMINISTRATION; WAR; TRADE :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S061; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G119 Russian_state_garrison_and_regional_inhabitants –EVENT_SETTLEMENT–> EXPANSION_009; LOCAL_PERIOD=TYUMEN_FOUNDED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000120 | [EXPANSION-010] 1587 | W041 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I4 | Tobol–Irtysh confluence :: Russian state garrison, settlers and regional communities/FORT_SETTLEMENT/LOCAL :: Tobolsk becomes a principal administrative, ecclesiastical and commercial host for western Siberian expansion. :: SETTLEMENT; ADMINISTRATION; RELIGION; TRADE :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S061; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G120 Russian_state_garrison,_settlers_and_regional_communities –EVENT_SETTLEMENT–> EXPANSION_010; LOCAL_PERIOD=TOBOLSK_FOUNDED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000121 | [EXPANSION-011] 1598 | W041 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z3/I5 | Ob–Irtysh region :: Russian forces and Khan Kuchum’s remaining formation/MILITARY_EVENT/REGIONAL :: A major defeat breaks Kuchum’s remaining organized power, though Kuchum’s fate and local political continuities are not fully known. The event closes one dynastic war, not all Indigenous autonomy. :: WAR; POLITY; TRANSITION :: TEXTUAL | DOCUMENTED_CONTESTED_DETAIL/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S061 :: SIB.G121 Russian_forces_and_Khan_Kuchum’s_remaining_formation –EVENT_WAR–> EXPANSION_011; LOCAL_PERIOD=KUCHUM_FORCES_DEFEATED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U041; SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000122 | [EXPANSION-012] Late sixteenth–eighteenth centuries | W041–W044 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I5 | West, central, eastern and northeastern Siberia :: Russian treasury, tribute collectors, local leaders and households/TRIBUTE_EXTRACTION_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Fur tribute becomes a central fiscal mechanism. Rates, exemptions, gifts, trade, violence and negotiation vary, but extraction directs animal labour and ecological pressure toward distant state and market receivers. :: TRIBUTE; FURS; COERCION; ECOLOGY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL; ECONOMIC | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S062; SIB.S058; SIB.S064 :: SIB.G122 Russian_treasury,_tribute_collectors,_local_leaders_and_households –PROCESS_TRIBUTE–> EXPANSION_012; LOCAL_PERIOD=YASAK_SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U044; SIB.U047
CA.SIB.000123 | [EXPANSION-013] Late sixteenth–eighteenth centuries | W041–W044 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I5 | Forts and tributary districts across Siberia :: Russian officials and hostaged relatives of local leaders/COERCIVE_CONTROL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Officials take amanat hostages in some districts to enforce tribute or agreements. The practice makes a human body part of the control stack and cannot be softened into mere diplomacy. :: COERCION; KINSHIP; TRIBUTE; SECURITY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S058; SIB.S061 :: SIB.G123 Russian_officials_and_hostaged_relatives_of_local_leaders –PROCESS_COERCION–> EXPANSION_013; LOCAL_PERIOD=AMANAT_HOSTAGE_SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U045; SIB.U044
CA.SIB.000124 | [EXPANSION-014] Late sixteenth–eighteenth centuries | W041–W044 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Siberian river corridors :: Russian forts, garrisons, traders and attached settlements/CONTROL_NETWORK/REGIONAL :: Ostrogs create armed points joined by navigable lines. Claimed districts extend beyond lived control; seasonal access, local mediation and supply determine actual reach. :: WAR; ADMINISTRATION; LOGISTICS; CONTROL_GEOMETRY :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S061; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G124 Russian_forts,_garrisons,_traders_and_attached_settlements –PROCESS_WAR–> EXPANSION_014; LOCAL_PERIOD=OSTROG_POINT_NETWORK; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043; SIB.U047
CA.SIB.000125 | [EXPANSION-015] Late sixteenth–eighteenth centuries | W041–W044 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Ob–Irtysh, Yenisei, Lena and tributaries :: Boats, winter roads, portages and forts/TRANSPORT_CONTROL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Russian expansion follows pre-existing water and portage knowledge. Rivers act as lines connecting points; Indigenous pilots, interpreters and suppliers are indispensable but unevenly credited. :: MOBILITY; LOGISTICS; KNOWLEDGE; POWER :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S061; SIB.S063; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G125 Boats,_winter_roads,_portages_and_forts –PROCESS_MOBILITY–> EXPANSION_015; LOCAL_PERIOD=RIVER_LINE_EXPANSION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003; SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000126 | [EXPANSION-016] Late sixteenth–eighteenth centuries | W041–W044 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I5 | Taiga hunting zones to Moscow and global markets :: Sable, hunters, tribute agents and merchants/COMMODITY_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: High-value fur drives expansion and state revenue while localized depletion pushes hunters and collectors farther east. Ecological loss returns as mobility, coercion and fiscal pressure. :: ECONOMY; ANIMALS; TRIBUTE; OUROBOROS :: ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S062; SIB.S064; SIB.S063 :: SIB.G126 Sable,_hunters,_tribute_agents_and_merchants –PROCESS_ECONOMY–> EXPANSION_016; LOCAL_PERIOD=SABLE_EXTRACTION_LOOP; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U044
CA.SIB.000127 | [EXPANSION-017] Late sixteenth–nineteenth centuries | W041–W046 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I5 | Siberian communities and colonial settlements :: Smallpox and other introduced pathogens/HEALTH_TRANSFORMATION/REGIONAL :: Epidemics interact with movement, tribute gatherings, warfare, food stress and care systems. Effects are severe in many places, but a single pan-Siberian mortality percentage is not defensible. :: HEALTH; DEMOGRAPHY; MOBILITY; CARE :: TEXTUAL; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G127 Smallpox_and_other_introduced_pathogens –PROCESS_HEALTH–> EXPANSION_017; LOCAL_PERIOD=EPIDEMIC_TRANSFORMATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U046
CA.SIB.000128 | [EXPANSION-018] Late sixteenth–eighteenth centuries | W041–W044 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I5 | Across Object 19 :: Indigenous households, leaders, alliances and peoples/POLITICAL_RESPONSE_FIELD/REGIONAL :: Communities negotiate, trade, withhold tribute, relocate, take hostages, ally, litigate or fight. The Atlas forbids a binary of collaboration versus resistance because strategies change with receiver, season and threat. :: POLITY; AGENCY; WAR; TRADE :: TEXTUAL; ORAL_TRADITION; ADMINISTRATIVE | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G128 Indigenous_households,_leaders,_alliances_and_peoples –PROCESS_POLITY–> EXPANSION_018; LOCAL_PERIOD=INDIGENOUS_STRATEGIES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U047
CA.SIB.000129 | [EXPANSION-019] 1601 | W042 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I4 | Taz River region :: Russian garrison, merchants and northern trade networks/FORT_TRADE_TOWN/LOCAL :: Mangazeya becomes a major northern fur and trade node, drawing on river and Arctic routes. Its rise demonstrates maritime–river integration; later closure reflects state routing decisions as well as resource change. :: SETTLEMENT; TRADE; FURS; ROUTES :: TEXTUAL; ARCHAEOLOGICAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S063; SIB.S062 :: SIB.G129 Russian_garrison,_merchants_and_northern_trade_networks –EVENT_SETTLEMENT–> EXPANSION_019; LOCAL_PERIOD=MANGAZEYA_FOUNDED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U044
CA.SIB.000130 | [EXPANSION-020] 1619 | W042 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I4 | Yenisei River :: Russian garrison, merchants and regional communities/FORT_SETTLEMENT/LOCAL :: Yeniseisk becomes a launch point toward central and eastern Siberia and a node in tribute and trade lines. :: SETTLEMENT; ADMINISTRATION; TRADE; LOGISTICS :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S061; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G130 Russian_garrison,_merchants_and_regional_communities –EVENT_SETTLEMENT–> EXPANSION_020; LOCAL_PERIOD=YENISEISK_FOUNDED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000131 | [EXPANSION-021] 1604 | W042 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I4 | Tom River :: Russian garrison and regional communities/FORT_SETTLEMENT/LOCAL :: Tomsk anchors a southern river and forest-steppe interface, combining military, administrative and commercial functions. :: SETTLEMENT; ADMINISTRATION; TRADE; WAR :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S061; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G131 Russian_garrison_and_regional_communities –EVENT_SETTLEMENT–> EXPANSION_021; LOCAL_PERIOD=TOMSK_FOUNDED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000132 | [EXPANSION-022] 1628 | W042 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I4 | Upper Yenisei :: Russian garrison, settlers and local peoples/FORT_SETTLEMENT/LOCAL :: Krasnoyarsk becomes a defended point on routes toward the Sayan, Baikal and eastern taiga; its surface reach expands only through later settlement and administration. :: SETTLEMENT; WAR; ADMINISTRATION; TRADE :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S061; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G132 Russian_garrison,_settlers_and_local_peoples –EVENT_SETTLEMENT–> EXPANSION_022; LOCAL_PERIOD=KRASNOYARSK_FOUNDED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000133 | [EXPANSION-023] 1632 | W042 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I4 | Middle Lena :: Russian fort, Sakha and other regional communities/FORT_SETTLEMENT/LOCAL :: A fort at the middle Lena becomes a primary tribute, supply and administrative node for northeast expansion. It enters a populated Sakha and multi-people field rather than founding regional society. :: SETTLEMENT; ADMINISTRATION; TRIBUTE; WAR :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S058; SIB.S061 :: SIB.G133 Russian_fort,_Sakha_and_other_regional_communities –EVENT_SETTLEMENT–> EXPANSION_023; LOCAL_PERIOD=YAKUTSK_FOUNDED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043; SIB.U029
CA.SIB.000134 | [EXPANSION-024] 1630s–1650s | W042 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I5 | Middle and lower Lena :: Russian detachments, Sakha leaders, Evenki, Even and neighbouring communities/COLONIAL_CONFLICT_FIELD/REGIONAL :: Tribute demand, hostage-taking, raids, negotiated submission and local rivalries produce recurrent conflict. Russian accounts overrepresent collectors and battles, so Indigenous aims require triangulation. :: WAR; TRIBUTE; KINSHIP; ARCHIVE_BIAS :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ORAL_TRADITION | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G134 Russian_detachments,_Sakha_leaders,_Evenki,_Even_and_neighbouring_communities –PROCESS_WAR–> EXPANSION_024; LOCAL_PERIOD=LENA_YASAK_CONFLICTS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U044; SIB.U045; SIB.U047
CA.SIB.000135 | [EXPANSION-025] 1630s–1700s | W042–W043 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Middle Lena and expanding northern routes :: Sakha communities, Russian state and neighbouring peoples/SOCIOPOLITICAL_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Sakha households face tribute, violence, markets, Christianity and administrative mediation while retaining and adapting pastoral, kin and political systems. Neither unchanged survival nor total replacement fits the evidence. :: IDENTITY; PASTORALISM; TRIBUTE; RELIGION :: TEXTUAL; ORAL_TRADITION; ADMINISTRATIVE | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G135 Sakha_communities,_Russian_state_and_neighbouring_peoples –PROCESS_IDENTITY–> EXPANSION_025; LOCAL_PERIOD=SAKHA_COLONIAL_RECOMPOSITION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U029; SIB.U049; SIB.U047
CA.SIB.000136 | [EXPANSION-026] 1640s–1700s | W042–W043 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Baikal and Transbaikal :: Buryat and Evenki communities, Russian detachments and Mongol/Qing interfaces/COLONIAL_FRONTIER_FIELD/REGIONAL :: Forts, tribute, migration, alliance and cross-border relations reshape Baikal politics. No one treaty or fort creates a settled national border or uniform Buryat submission. :: WAR; TRIBUTE; MOBILITY; POLITY :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ORAL_TRADITION | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S069 :: SIB.G136 Buryat_and_Evenki_communities,_Russian_detachments_and_Mongol/Qing_interfaces –PROCESS_WAR–> EXPANSION_026; LOCAL_PERIOD=BAIKAL_INCORPORATION_CONFLICTS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U030; SIB.U047; SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000137 | [EXPANSION-027] 1647 | W042 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z3/I4 | Sea of Okhotsk coast :: Russian wintering post and supply network/FORT_PORT/LOCAL :: A Russian post provides a Pacific-facing outlet for overland Siberian supply lines. Object 30 owns the fuller coastal and maritime history. :: SETTLEMENT; LOGISTICS; MARITIME_INTERFACE :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/B :: SIB.S061; SIB.S066 :: SIB.G137 Russian_wintering_post_and_supply_network –EVENT_SETTLEMENT–> EXPANSION_027; LOCAL_PERIOD=OKHOTSK_POINT_ESTABLISHED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U034; SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000138 | [EXPANSION-028] 1648 | W042 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z3/I5 | Kolyma to Bering Strait :: Semyon Dezhnev’s expedition and Indigenous coastal worlds/MARITIME_EXPEDITION/INTERREGIONAL :: A Russian expedition rounds the northeastern extremity of Asia. Surviving records confirm passage but do not transform Indigenous routes into European discovery or sustained state control. :: MOBILITY; MARITIME; KNOWLEDGE; CLAIM :: TEXTUAL | DOCUMENTED_CONTESTED_DETAIL/B :: SIB.S061; SIB.S066 :: SIB.G138 Semyon_Dezhnev’s_expedition_and_Indigenous_coastal_worlds –EVENT_MOBILITY–> EXPANSION_028; LOCAL_PERIOD=DEZHNEV_VOYAGE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U034; SIB.U003
CA.SIB.000139 | [EXPANSION-029] 1650s–1680s | W042 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Amur basin and Transbaikal interfaces :: Qing Empire, Russian forces and Indigenous communities/INTERIMPERIAL_CONFLICT/INTERREGIONAL :: Russian forts and Qing campaigns contest the Amur corridor while Daur, Evenki and other communities bear and shape the conflict. This is shared with Object 30. :: WAR; POLITY; LAND; MOBILITY :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S069; SIB.S061 :: SIB.G139 Qing_Empire,_Russian_forces_and_Indigenous_communities –PROCESS_WAR–> EXPANSION_029; LOCAL_PERIOD=AMUR_QING_RUSSIAN_CONFLICT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U001; SIB.U048
CA.SIB.000140 | [EXPANSION-030] 1661 | W042 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I4 | Angara River :: Russian fort, settlers and Baikal communities/FORT_SETTLEMENT/LOCAL :: Irkutsk becomes a major administrative, mission, trade and transport host at the Baikal gateway. :: SETTLEMENT; ADMINISTRATION; RELIGION; TRADE :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G140 Russian_fort,_settlers_and_Baikal_communities –EVENT_SETTLEMENT–> EXPANSION_030; LOCAL_PERIOD=IRKUTSK_FOUNDED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000141 | [EXPANSION-031] 1689 | W042 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I5 | Nerchinsk and Amur–Transbaikal field :: Qing and Russian empires/TREATY_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: The treaty establishes an inter-imperial settlement after conflict and channels trade and diplomacy. Indigenous territories and authority are not parties fully represented by the resulting line. :: LAW; DIPLOMACY; BORDERS; TRADE :: TEXTUAL; LEGAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S069 :: SIB.G141 Qing_and_Russian_empires –EVENT_LAW–> EXPANSION_031; LOCAL_PERIOD=TREATY_OF_NERCHINSK; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U048; SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000142 | [EXPANSION-032] 1697–1699 | W042 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Kamchatka and Anadyr-facing routes :: Vladimir Atlasov’s detachments and Itelmen/Koryak communities/MILITARY_EXPEDITION/REGIONAL :: Russian campaigning and tribute demands intensify in Kamchatka. The event belongs here only as an inland-expansion edge; Object 30 owns the peninsula’s fuller history. :: WAR; TRIBUTE; MOBILITY; CLAIM :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED_CONTESTED_DETAIL/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S066 :: SIB.G142 Vladimir_Atlasov’s_detachments_and_Itelmen/Koryak_communities –PROCESS_WAR–> EXPANSION_032; LOCAL_PERIOD=ATLASOV_KAMCHATKA_CAMPAIGN; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U034; SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000143 | [EXPANSION-033] Seventeenth–eighteenth centuries | W042–W045 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Tobolsk, Baikal, Lena and northern districts :: Orthodox Church, converts, non-converts and state institutions/RELIGIOUS_INSTITUTION/REGIONAL :: Missions, baptism, schools and parishes create new institutions under mixed persuasion, material incentive and coercion. Formal baptism cannot stand for inner belief or total cultural replacement. :: RELIGION; EDUCATION; COERCION; IDENTITY :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ORAL_TRADITION | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G143 Orthodox_Church,_converts,_non-converts_and_state_institutions –PROCESS_RELIGION–> EXPANSION_033; LOCAL_PERIOD=ORTHODOX_MISSION_SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U049
CA.SIB.000144 | [EXPANSION-034] Seventeenth–eighteenth centuries | W042–W045 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Forts, tribute districts and trade routes :: Indigenous and multilingual interpreters, leaders, merchants and clergy/MEDIATION_NETWORK/REGIONAL :: Empire depends on people who translate languages, routes, kinship and obligations. Mediation can create local power while exposing brokers to coercion and mistrust from multiple sides. :: LANGUAGE; ADMINISTRATION; TRADE; TRUST :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | INFERRED_CONVERGENCE/B :: SIB.S063; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G144 Indigenous_and_multilingual_interpreters,_leaders,_merchants_and_clergy –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> EXPANSION_034; LOCAL_PERIOD=INTERPRETER_AND_BROKER_SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U047
CA.SIB.000145 | [EXPANSION-035] Seventeenth–eighteenth centuries | W042–W045 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | West and southern Siberian river–forest-steppe zones :: Peasants, service people, townspeople, exiles and Indigenous neighbours/SETTLEMENT_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Agriculture and towns expand unevenly where soils, transport and state support permit. Settlement adds food and administrative capacity while reallocating land, labour and disease exposure. :: SETTLEMENT; FOOD; LAND; DEMOGRAPHY :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S059; SIB.S060 :: SIB.G145 Peasants,_service_people,_townspeople,_exiles_and_Indigenous_neighbours –PROCESS_SETTLEMENT–> EXPANSION_035; LOCAL_PERIOD=RUSSIAN_SETTLEMENT_GROWTH; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003; SIB.U046
CA.SIB.000146 | [EXPANSION-036] 1727 | W043 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I5 | Kyakhta–Maimacheng border zone :: Qing and Russian empires, merchants and regional carriers/TREATY_TRADE_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Treaty arrangements formalize border trade and diplomatic routines. Tea, textiles, furs, silver and information move through a controlled point whose supply lines extend deep into Siberia. :: LAW; TRADE; DIPLOMACY; LOGISTICS :: LEGAL; TEXTUAL; ECONOMIC | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S071; SIB.S063 :: SIB.G146 Qing_and_Russian_empires,_merchants_and_regional_carriers –EVENT_LAW–> EXPANSION_036; LOCAL_PERIOD=KYAKHTA_TREATY_AND_TRADE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U048; SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000147 | [EXPANSION-037] 1728 | W043 | EVENT/APPROXIMATE/Z3/I4 | Northeast Asian maritime edge :: Vitus Bering’s first Kamchatka expedition/MARITIME_EXPEDITION/INTERREGIONAL :: The voyage documents the separation of Asia and North America for the imperial scientific archive. Indigenous knowledge and prior Dezhnev passage prevent “discovery” from being serialized as first human knowledge. :: KNOWLEDGE; MARITIME; EMPIRE :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S066; SIB.S061 :: SIB.G147 Vitus_Bering’s_first_Kamchatka_expedition –EVENT_KNOWLEDGE–> EXPANSION_037; LOCAL_PERIOD=BERING_STRAIT_VOYAGE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U034; SIB.U003
CA.SIB.000148 | [EXPANSION-038] 1733–1743 | W043 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I5 | Across Siberia and northern Pacific approaches :: Imperial scientists, officers, labourers, guides and communities/KNOWLEDGE_INFRASTRUCTURE/INTERREGIONAL :: Large expeditions map coasts, rivers, plants, animals and peoples while depending on extensive local transport and knowledge. Scientific capability and imperial surveillance expand together. :: SCIENCE; MAPPING; LABOUR; CONTROL :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; BOTANICAL; MULTI_SOURCE | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S066; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G148 Imperial_scientists,_officers,_labourers,_guides_and_communities –PROCESS_SCIENCE–> EXPANSION_038; LOCAL_PERIOD=GREAT_NORTHERN_EXPEDITION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003; SIB.U005
CA.SIB.000149 | [EXPANSION-039] 1720s–1770s | W043–W044 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I5 | Chukotka, Anadyr and Kolyma interfaces :: Chukchi communities and Russian imperial forces/COLONIAL_WAR/REGIONAL :: Repeated campaigns fail to impose stable tribute and incur severe losses and violence. Later relations become more negotiated and commercial; no single campaign marks total submission. :: WAR; TRIBUTE; AUTONOMY; TRADE :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ORAL_TRADITION | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G149 Chukchi_communities_and_Russian_imperial_forces –PROCESS_WAR–> EXPANSION_039; LOCAL_PERIOD=CHUKCHI_RUSSIAN_WARS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U050; SIB.U034
CA.SIB.000150 | [EXPANSION-040] 1747 | W043 | TRANSITION/APPROXIMATE/Z3/I4 | Anadyr region :: Russian military forces and Chukchi opponents/MILITARY_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: A costly Russian campaign fails to achieve durable control, contributing to withdrawal from the Anadyr fortification system and later policy change. :: WAR; CONTROL_GEOMETRY; REPAIR_FAILURE :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G150 Russian_military_forces_and_Chukchi_opponents –TRANSITION_WAR–> EXPANSION_040; LOCAL_PERIOD=ANADYR_CAMPAIGN_FAILURE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U050
CA.SIB.000151 | [EXPANSION-041] 1764 | W044 | TRANSITION/EXACT/Z3/I4 | Anadyr region :: Russian imperial administration/ADMINISTRATIVE_EVENT/LOCAL :: The state orders abandonment of the expensive Anadyr fort. Military point control contracts when cost exceeds fiscal and logistical capability. :: ADMINISTRATION; WAR; COST; CONTROL_GEOMETRY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G151 Russian_imperial_administration –TRANSITION_ADMINISTRATION–> EXPANSION_041; LOCAL_PERIOD=ANADYR_FORT_ABANDONED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U050
CA.SIB.000152 | [EXPANSION-042] Eighteenth century | W043–W045 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Kamchatka, Chukotka, Yakutia, Baikal and other districts :: Local populations, pathogens and colonial routes/HEALTH_TRANSFORMATION/REGIONAL :: Recurrent smallpox epidemics cause profound demographic and social loss in many communities. Exact local timing and mortality remain separately sourced. :: HEALTH; DEMOGRAPHY; CARE; MOBILITY :: TEXTUAL; DEMOGRAPHIC | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S058; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G152 Local_populations,_pathogens_and_colonial_routes –PROCESS_HEALTH–> EXPANSION_042; LOCAL_PERIOD=SMALLPOX_WAVES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U046
CA.SIB.000153 | [EXPANSION-043] Eighteenth century | W043–W045 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Siberian governorates and expedition routes :: Imperial maps, censuses and administrative descriptions/KNOWLEDGE_CONTROL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Mapping converts rivers, peoples, resources and routes into a governable archive. What the state can name is not automatically what it can control, and mapped absence can erase mobile use. :: KNOWLEDGE; ADMINISTRATION; LAND; BIAS :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G153 Imperial_maps,_censuses_and_administrative_descriptions –PROCESS_KNOWLEDGE–> EXPANSION_043; LOCAL_PERIOD=IMPERIAL_CARTOGRAPHIC_SURFACE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003; SIB.U005

5I. IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATION, EXTRACTION AND RAIL

CA.SIB.000154 | [IMPERIAL-001] 1764–1822 | W044–W045 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Siberian administrative field :: Russian imperial provincial institutions/ADMINISTRATIVE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Repeated reforms enlarge bureaucratic presence, courts and fiscal reporting while effective reach remains strongest at towns, roads and river nodes. :: ADMINISTRATION; LAW; CONTROL_GEOMETRY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; LEGAL | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S060 :: SIB.G154 Russian_imperial_provincial_institutions –TRANSITION_ADMINISTRATION–> IMPERIAL_001; LOCAL_PERIOD=GOVERNORATE_REORGANIZATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057
CA.SIB.000155 | [IMPERIAL-002] Eighteenth–nineteenth centuries | W043–W048 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Moscow–Kyakhta corridor and branch routes :: Road stations, carriers, merchants, officials and exiles/TRANSPORT_NETWORK/INTERREGIONAL :: The overland route moves tea, mail, people and state orders across southern Siberia. Maintenance, horses, labour and winter conditions set throughput and distribute burdens to roadside communities. :: TRANSPORT; TRADE; LABOUR; ADMINISTRATION :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; TEXTUAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S063; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G155 Road_stations,_carriers,_merchants,_officials_and_exiles –PROCESS_TRANSPORT–> IMPERIAL_002; LOCAL_PERIOD=SIBERIAN_ROUTE_AND_TELEGRAPH_PRECURSORS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003
CA.SIB.000156 | [IMPERIAL-003] Eighteenth–nineteenth centuries | W043–W048 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | West, central and eastern Siberia :: Convicts, political exiles, administrators and local communities/PENAL_MOBILITY_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: The empire uses distance, forced movement and settlement as punishment and colonising labour. Exiles also build households, scholarship and institutions, but coercion remains part of the capability ledger. :: COERCION; MOBILITY; LABOUR; SETTLEMENT :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S060 :: SIB.G156 Convicts,_political_exiles,_administrators_and_local_communities –PROCESS_COERCION–> IMPERIAL_003; LOCAL_PERIOD=EXILE_AND_PENAL_SETTLEMENT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U061
CA.SIB.000157 | [IMPERIAL-004] 1822 | W045 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I5 | Imperial Siberia :: Russian imperial administration and classified Indigenous communities/LEGAL_EVENT/REGIONAL :: The statute reorganizes administration of peoples under a colonial category conventionally translated as “aliens” or “non-Russians,” differentiating nomadic and settled groups. The historical label is quoted, not adopted by the Atlas. :: LAW; CLASSIFICATION; LAND; ADMINISTRATION :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S070; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G157 Russian_imperial_administration_and_classified_Indigenous_communities –EVENT_LAW–> IMPERIAL_004; LOCAL_PERIOD=SPERANSKY_STATUTE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U051
CA.SIB.000158 | [IMPERIAL-005] 1822–1917 | W045–W049 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I5 | Siberian provinces :: Imperial officials, local leaders and legally classified peoples/ADMINISTRATIVE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Tax, customary-law recognition, local office and mobility rules are mediated through state categories. Partial legal accommodation and hierarchical domination coexist. :: LAW; IDENTITY; GOVERNANCE; TAX :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S070; SIB.S065; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G158 Imperial_officials,_local_leaders_and_legally_classified_peoples –PROCESS_LAW–> IMPERIAL_005; LOCAL_PERIOD=COLONIAL_CATEGORY_GOVERNANCE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U051; SIB.U068
CA.SIB.000159 | [IMPERIAL-006] 1825–1850s | W045–W046 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Irkutsk, Chita and other Siberian towns :: Political exiles, families and host communities/KNOWLEDGE_SOCIAL_NETWORK/REGIONAL :: Political exiles contribute schools, salons, science and local civic life while remaining subjects of punishment. Cultural output does not cancel coerced removal. :: COERCION; EDUCATION; CULTURE; SETTLEMENT :: TEXTUAL; TESTIMONIAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S060 :: SIB.G159 Political_exiles,_families_and_host_communities –PROCESS_COERCION–> IMPERIAL_006; LOCAL_PERIOD=DECEMBRIST_AND_POLITICAL_EXILE_NETWORKS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U061
CA.SIB.000160 | [IMPERIAL-007] 1830s–1900s | W045–W048 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Lena, Yenisei, Altai and other mining districts :: Mining companies, state, wage and forced labour, local communities/EXTRACTIVE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Gold rushes redirect labour, rivers, food and transport, produce fortunes and expose workers and Indigenous land to hazardous conditions. :: MINING; LABOUR; WATER; ECONOMY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; TEXTUAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S059; SIB.S060 :: SIB.G160 Mining_companies,_state,_wage_and_forced_labour,_local_communities –PROCESS_MINING–> IMPERIAL_007; LOCAL_PERIOD=SIBERIAN_GOLD_EXTRACTION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U064
CA.SIB.000161 | [IMPERIAL-008] 1858 | W046 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I5 | Amur basin :: Qing and Russian empires/TREATY_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: The treaty transfers the north bank of the Amur to Russian control in an unequal imperial settlement. It is a connector to Object 30 and does not extinguish Indigenous territorial histories. :: LAW; BORDERS; EMPIRE :: LEGAL; TEXTUAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S069; SIB.S066 :: SIB.G161 Qing_and_Russian_empires –EVENT_LAW–> IMPERIAL_008; LOCAL_PERIOD=TREATY_OF_AIGUN_EDGE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U001; SIB.U048
CA.SIB.000162 | [IMPERIAL-009] 1860 | W046 | EVENT/EXACT/Z3/I5 | Ussuri and Pacific-facing frontier :: Qing and Russian empires/TREATY_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: A further imperial convention establishes Russian claims in the Ussuri region. Object 30 owns the fuller Manchurian–Amur and Pacific history. :: LAW; BORDERS; EMPIRE :: LEGAL; TEXTUAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S066 :: SIB.G162 Qing_and_Russian_empires –EVENT_LAW–> IMPERIAL_009; LOCAL_PERIOD=CONVENTION_OF_PEKING_EDGE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U001; SIB.U048
CA.SIB.000163 | [IMPERIAL-010] 1860s–1890s | W046–W047 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z3/I4 | Ob, Yenisei, Lena and southern routes :: Steamers, telegraph lines, merchants and state agencies/INFRASTRUCTURE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Faster communication and river transport increase state and market reach while remaining seasonal, node-dependent and unequal across the interior. :: TRANSPORT; COMMUNICATION; TRADE; ADMINISTRATION :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; TEXTUAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S059; SIB.S060 :: SIB.G163 Steamers,_telegraph_lines,_merchants_and_state_agencies –PROCESS_TRANSPORT–> IMPERIAL_010; LOCAL_PERIOD=STEAM_TELEGRAPH_AND_RIVER_TRANSPORT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003
CA.SIB.000164 | [IMPERIAL-011] 1891–1916 | W047–W049 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Chelyabinsk through Siberia to Pacific interfaces :: Imperial state, engineers, workers, migrants and local communities/RAIL_INFRASTRUCTURE/INTERREGIONAL :: Rail construction creates a continuous strategic line in stages, accelerating migration, commodity flows and military movement. It crosses inhabited lands and redistributes access rather than merely defeating distance. :: TRANSPORT; LABOUR; SETTLEMENT; WAR :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHITECTURAL; ECONOMIC | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S073; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G164 Imperial_state,_engineers,_workers,_migrants_and_local_communities –PROCESS_TRANSPORT–> IMPERIAL_011; LOCAL_PERIOD=TRANS_SIBERIAN_CONSTRUCTION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U052
CA.SIB.000165 | [IMPERIAL-012] 1891 | W047 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Vladivostok and imperial route planning :: Russian imperial state/INFRASTRUCTURE_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: Ceremonial and construction starts mark the state project; completion remains a multi-section process through 1916 rather than a one-day capability. :: TRANSPORT; STATE_CAPACITY; FUTURE_BOUNDARY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; PHOTOGRAPHIC | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S073 :: SIB.G165 Russian_imperial_state –EVENT_TRANSPORT–> IMPERIAL_012; LOCAL_PERIOD=TRANS_SIBERIAN_OFFICIAL_START; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U052
CA.SIB.000166 | [IMPERIAL-013] 1896–1914 | W047–W049 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | West and southern Siberia :: Peasant migrants, return migrants, Indigenous and established residents/DEMOGRAPHIC_LAND_TRANSFORMATION/REGIONAL :: Millions move east under changing land and migration policies, but totals vary by boundary and return definition. New farms and towns increase production while intensifying land pressure and jurisdictional conflict. :: DEMOGRAPHY; LAND; FOOD; SETTLEMENT :: DEMOGRAPHIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC | MEASURED_CONTESTED_TOTAL/B :: SIB.S074; SIB.S072; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G166 Peasant_migrants,_return_migrants,_Indigenous_and_established_residents –PROCESS_DEMOGRAPHY–> IMPERIAL_013; LOCAL_PERIOD=MASS_RESETTLEMENT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U053; SIB.U052
CA.SIB.000167 | [IMPERIAL-014] 1906–1914 | W048–W049 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | West and southern Siberia :: Imperial resettlement agencies and peasant households/SETTLEMENT_POLICY/REGIONAL :: Policy, credit and rail access accelerate farm migration. Allocation systems often treat mobile, pastoral or communal land use as underused, making the Nobody position a hidden land claimant. :: LAND; SETTLEMENT; CREDIT; EXCLUSION :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S072; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G167 Imperial_resettlement_agencies_and_peasant_households –PROCESS_LAND–> IMPERIAL_014; LOCAL_PERIOD=STOLYPIN_RESETTLEMENT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U003; SIB.U053
CA.SIB.000168 | [IMPERIAL-015] 1897 | W047 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Russian Empire including Siberia :: Enumerators and classified populations/DATASET_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: The first general imperial census records language, estate, religion and residence through state categories. It is a powerful evidence surface with enumeration and classification bias, not an unmediated population mirror. :: DEMOGRAPHY; CLASSIFICATION; DATA :: DEMOGRAPHIC; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G168 Enumerators_and_classified_populations –EVENT_DEMOGRAPHY–> IMPERIAL_015; LOCAL_PERIOD=IMPERIAL_CENSUS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U073; SIB.U051
CA.SIB.000169 | [IMPERIAL-016] 1905–1907 | W048 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I4 | Siberian railway towns and mines :: Workers, soldiers, activists and imperial authorities/POLITICAL_MOVEMENT/REGIONAL :: The 1905 revolution travels through rail, print and labour networks. Siberian towns become political nodes rather than a passive imperial periphery. :: POLITICS; LABOUR; MEDIA; TRANSPORT :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S059; SIB.S060 :: SIB.G169 Workers,_soldiers,_activists_and_imperial_authorities –PROCESS_POLITICS–> IMPERIAL_016; LOCAL_PERIOD=REVOLUTIONARY_STRIKES_AND_RAIL_POLITICS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U052
CA.SIB.000170 | [IMPERIAL-017] 30 June 1908 | W048 | EVENT/EXACT/Z6/I5 | Podkamennaya Tunguska region :: Cosmic airburst and taiga ecosystem/EARTH_SYSTEM_EVENT/LOCAL :: An atmospheric explosion flattens a vast forest area. Exact body type and mechanism remain debated; the event is physical, not evidence for later myths presented as fact. :: HAZARD; FOREST; SCIENCE :: PHOTOGRAPHIC; GEOLOGICAL; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S076 :: SIB.G170 Cosmic_airburst_and_taiga_ecosystem –EVENT_HAZARD–> IMPERIAL_017; LOCAL_PERIOD=TUNGUSKA_AIRBURST; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U055
CA.SIB.000171 | [IMPERIAL-018] 4 April O.S. / 17 April N.S. 1912 | W048 | EVENT/EXACT/Z6/I5 | Lena goldfields, Bodaybo region :: Striking workers, company and imperial troops/LABOUR_VIOLENCE_EVENT/LOCAL :: Troops fire on striking gold workers after conflict over pay, conditions and company power. Death totals vary by inquiry and later account, so the Atlas preserves ranges and named sources rather than one exact number. :: LABOUR; VIOLENCE; MINING; RIGHTS :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL | DOCUMENTED_CONTESTED_COUNT/A :: SIB.S075; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G171 Striking_workers,_company_and_imperial_troops –EVENT_LABOUR–> IMPERIAL_018; LOCAL_PERIOD=LENA_GOLDFIELDS_MASSACRE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U054
CA.SIB.000172 | [IMPERIAL-019] 1914–1917 | W049 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I4 | Siberian provinces and transport networks :: Soldiers, households, railways, mines and farms/WAR_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Mobilisation, supply demands, displacement and price stress load Siberian households and infrastructure. The railway carries war capacity west while local labour and food systems absorb costs. :: WAR; LABOUR; FOOD; TRANSPORT :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; TEXTUAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S059; SIB.S073 :: SIB.G172 Soldiers,_households,_railways,_mines_and_farms –PROCESS_WAR–> IMPERIAL_019; LOCAL_PERIOD=WORLD_WAR_I_SIBERIAN_LOAD; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U052
CA.SIB.000173 | [IMPERIAL-020] 1916 | W049 | PROCESS/APPROXIMATE/Z4/I4 | Altai and southern Siberian interfaces :: Central Asian refugees, imperial authorities and local communities/MIGRATION_CONFLICT_EDGE/INTERREGIONAL :: The 1916 revolt and repression in Central Asia produce movements and pressures across adjacent Siberian zones. Object 17 retains the primary event spine. :: WAR; MIGRATION; BORDER_INTERFACE :: TEXTUAL; DEMOGRAPHIC | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S044; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G173 Central_Asian_refugees,_imperial_authorities_and_local_communities –PROCESS_WAR–> IMPERIAL_020; LOCAL_PERIOD=CENTRAL_ASIAN_UPRISING_REFUGEE_EDGE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000174 | [IMPERIAL-021] February–October 1917 | W049 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z6/I5 | Siberian cities, railways, villages and Indigenous regions :: Soviets, provisional authorities, parties, soldiers and communities/POLITICAL_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Imperial institutions fracture and competing councils, committees and national movements claim authority. Control becomes a changing network of towns, rail nodes and local organizations. :: POLITY; REVOLUTION; CONTROL_GEOMETRY :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S066 :: SIB.G174 Soviets,_provisional_authorities,_parties,_soldiers_and_communities –TRANSITION_POLITY–> IMPERIAL_021; LOCAL_PERIOD=REVOLUTIONS_REACH_SIBERIA; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057

5J. REVOLUTION AND SOVIET SYSTEMS

CA.SIB.000175 | [SOVIET-001] 1918–1920 | W050 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Railway corridor, Omsk, Irkutsk and regional fronts :: Red, White, Czech/Slovak, partisan, foreign and local forces/CIVIL_WAR_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Competing armies and governments fight along rail and river nodes. Requisition, execution, displacement and disease burden civilians while formal sovereignty changes faster than lived local control. :: WAR; FOOD; COERCION; CONTROL_GEOMETRY :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S066 :: SIB.G175 Red,_White,_Czech/Slovak,_partisan,_foreign_and_local_forces –PROCESS_WAR–> SOVIET_001; LOCAL_PERIOD=SIBERIAN_CIVIL_WAR; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057
CA.SIB.000176 | [SOVIET-002] June 1918–January 1920 | W050 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Omsk and White-controlled Siberian corridors :: Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak and Russian Government/CLAIMED_STATE/REGIONAL :: Kolchak’s government claims all-Russian authority from Omsk and controls key rail territory for a time. Claim, military reach and local consent are serialized separately. :: POLITY; WAR; CLAIM; ADMINISTRATION :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S066 :: SIB.G176 Admiral_Aleksandr_Kolchak_and_Russian_Government –CONDITION_POLITY–> SOVIET_002; LOCAL_PERIOD=KOLCHAK_GOVERNMENT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057; SIB.U043
CA.SIB.000177 | [SOVIET-003] 1918–1920 | W050 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Trans-Siberian Railway :: Czechoslovak Legion and competing authorities/MILITARY_TRANSPORT_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Legion forces seize or defend rail nodes, showing how one line can control strategic movement without controlling the surrounding social surface. :: WAR; TRANSPORT; CONTROL_GEOMETRY :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S073 :: SIB.G177 Czechoslovak_Legion_and_competing_authorities –PROCESS_WAR–> SOVIET_003; LOCAL_PERIOD=CZECHOSLOVAK_LEGION_RAIL_CONTROL; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U052
CA.SIB.000178 | [SOVIET-004] 1918–1922 | W050 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian towns and countryside :: Armies, requisition agencies and households/HUMANITARIAN_TRANSFORMATION/REGIONAL :: War communism, competing requisitions, disrupted transport and epidemic disease damage food and care floors. Local severity and mortality require bounded datasets. :: FOOD; HEALTH; COERCION; WAR :: ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S059; SIB.S066 :: SIB.G178 Armies,_requisition_agencies_and_households –PROCESS_FOOD–> SOVIET_004; LOCAL_PERIOD=REQUISITION_FAMINE_DISEASE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U061
CA.SIB.000179 | [SOVIET-005] 1920–1922 | W050 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Transbaikal and Pacific-facing corridor :: Far Eastern Republic and Soviet/Russian/Japanese actors/BUFFER_STATE/INTERREGIONAL :: A formally separate republic functions as a buffer during civil war and intervention. Object 30 owns the fuller Far Eastern history; Object 19 records the Transbaikal connection. :: POLITY; DIPLOMACY; WAR; BORDERS :: LEGAL; TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S066; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G179 Far_Eastern_Republic_and_Soviet/Russian/Japanese_actors –CONDITION_POLITY–> SOVIET_005; LOCAL_PERIOD=FAR_EASTERN_REPUBLIC_EDGE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000180 | [SOVIET-006] 1921 | W050 | TRANSITION/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Soviet Siberia :: Soviet state, markets and households/ECONOMIC_POLICY_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: The New Economic Policy relaxes requisition and permits market activity, partially repairing food and exchange systems while preserving one-party control. :: ECONOMY; FOOD; REPAIR; POLITY :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S078 :: SIB.G180 Soviet_state,_markets_and_households –TRANSITION_ECONOMY–> SOVIET_006; LOCAL_PERIOD=NEW_ECONOMIC_POLICY; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U056
CA.SIB.000181 | [SOVIET-007] 1922 | W050 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Soviet state system :: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/STATE_FORMATION/INTERREGIONAL :: Union formation establishes the constitutional host within which Siberian republics, autonomous territories and central ministries are reorganized. :: POLITY; LAW; FEDERALISM :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S078; SIB.S077 :: SIB.G181 Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics –EVENT_POLITY–> SOVIET_007; LOCAL_PERIOD=USSR_FORMED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057
CA.SIB.000182 | [SOVIET-008] 1922 | W050 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Middle Lena and wider Yakutia :: Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic/AUTONOMOUS_TERRITORY/REGIONAL :: The republic creates a territorial, educational and administrative host for Sakha/Yakut institutions inside the Soviet state. Formal autonomy and effective resource authority remain different axes. :: POLITY; IDENTITY; EDUCATION; TERRITORY :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S078; SIB.S077; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G182 Yakut_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic –EVENT_POLITY–> SOVIET_008; LOCAL_PERIOD=YAKUT_ASSR_CREATED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057; SIB.U029
CA.SIB.000183 | [SOVIET-009] 1923 | W050 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Baikal and Transbaikal :: Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic/AUTONOMOUS_TERRITORY/REGIONAL :: Territorial autonomy gives Buryat language and cadres an institutional host while drawing boundaries through a wider Buryat social field. :: POLITY; IDENTITY; EDUCATION; TERRITORY :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S078; SIB.S077; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G183 Buryat-Mongol_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic –EVENT_POLITY–> SOVIET_009; LOCAL_PERIOD=BURYAT_MONGOL_ASSR_CREATED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057; SIB.U030
CA.SIB.000184 | [SOVIET-010] 1920s | W050–W051 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian republics, okrugs and districts :: Soviet nationality institutions and local cadres/GOVERNANCE_EDUCATION_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Indigenization promotes local-language schooling, publications, cadres and territorial institutions while also standardizing categories and extending state observation. :: EDUCATION; LANGUAGE; GOVERNANCE; CLASSIFICATION :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL; LINGUISTIC | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S078; SIB.S077; SIB.S048 :: SIB.G184 Soviet_nationality_institutions_and_local_cadres –PROCESS_EDUCATION–> SOVIET_010; LOCAL_PERIOD=KORENIZATSIYA_SIBERIA; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U056; SIB.U057
CA.SIB.000185 | [SOVIET-011] 1924–1925 | W050 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian territories :: RSFSR administrative institutions/ADMINISTRATIVE_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Large territorial units and national districts are redrawn to improve governance and nationality policy. Lines on administrative maps do not fully capture seasonal land use. :: ADMINISTRATION; TERRITORY; CLASSIFICATION :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/B :: SIB.S077; SIB.S078 :: SIB.G185 RSFSR_administrative_institutions –TRANSITION_ADMINISTRATION–> SOVIET_011; LOCAL_PERIOD=SIBERIAN_ADMINISTRATIVE_REORGANIZATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057; SIB.U003
CA.SIB.000186 | [SOVIET-012] 1926–1927 | W050 | EVENT/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Soviet Arctic and northern Siberia :: Polar census teams and northern communities/DATASET_FIELD_OPERATION/REGIONAL :: Expeditions record households, economy, languages and routes at unusually fine scale. They also translate mobile life into state categories and administrative plans. :: DEMOGRAPHY; KNOWLEDGE; CLASSIFICATION; MOBILITY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S048; SIB.S077 :: SIB.G186 Polar_census_teams_and_northern_communities –EVENT_DEMOGRAPHY–> SOVIET_012; LOCAL_PERIOD=POLAR_CENSUS_EXPEDITIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U073; SIB.U005
CA.SIB.000187 | [SOVIET-013] 1920s–1930s | W050–W051 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Northern Siberian schools and publishing nodes :: Teachers, linguists, students and communities/EDUCATION_MEDIA_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: New orthographies, primers and teacher training expand literacy in several Indigenous languages. State standardization, limited staffing and later script shifts create compression and maintenance costs. :: LANGUAGE; EDUCATION; MEDIA; MEMORY :: LINGUISTIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S078; SIB.S077; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G187 Teachers,_linguists,_students_and_communities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> SOVIET_013; LOCAL_PERIOD=NORTHERN_ALPHABET_AND_LITERACY_PROJECTS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U060; SIB.U056
CA.SIB.000188 | [SOVIET-014] Late 1920s–1930s | W050–W052 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian Indigenous-language media :: Soviet language planners, schools and communities/SCRIPT_POLICY_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Many newly written northern languages use Latin-based alphabets before mandated shifts toward Cyrillic. Each change creates access for some readers and loss or retraining costs for others. :: LANGUAGE; MEDIA; EDUCATION; CONTROL :: LEGAL; LINGUISTIC; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S078; SIB.S077 :: SIB.G188 Soviet_language_planners,_schools_and_communities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> SOVIET_014; LOCAL_PERIOD=LATINIZATION_THEN_CYRILLIZATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U060; SIB.U066
CA.SIB.000189 | [SOVIET-015] 1929–1933 | W051 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian agricultural, pastoral and hunting districts :: Soviet state, collective farms and households/COERCIVE_ECONOMIC_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Forced collectivization, procurement and class campaigns transfer property and labour into collective/state hosts. Timing and violence vary, but human, food and trust floors are widely disrupted. :: FOOD; LABOUR; COERCION; PROPERTY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S079; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G189 Soviet_state,_collective_farms_and_households –PROCESS_FOOD–> SOVIET_015; LOCAL_PERIOD=COLLECTIVIZATION_SIBERIA; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U058
CA.SIB.000190 | [SOVIET-016] 1930–1950s | W051–W054 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Tundra and taiga districts :: Pastoral, hunting and fishing households, collectives and state farms/COERCIVE_ECONOMIC_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Herds, equipment, hunting grounds and marketing are reorganized under collective or state institutions. Veterinary and supply capacity can grow while mobility and household authority contract. :: ANIMALS; LABOUR; FOOD; COERCION :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S056; SIB.S065; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G190 Pastoral,_hunting_and_fishing_households,_collectives_and_state_farms –PROCESS_ANIMALS–> SOVIET_016; LOCAL_PERIOD=NORTHERN_COLLECTIVIZATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U058; SIB.U037
CA.SIB.000191 | [SOVIET-017] 1930s–1960s | W051–W055 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Northern Siberian districts :: Mobile communities, schools, clinics and administrative settlements/SETTLEMENT_POLICY/REGIONAL :: State policy concentrates people into settlements to deliver services and govern production. Health, housing and schooling gains coexist with coerced mobility loss, child separation and weakened land-based teaching. :: SETTLEMENT; HEALTH; EDUCATION; MOBILITY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; DEMOGRAPHIC | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S065; SIB.S058; SIB.S056 :: SIB.G191 Mobile_communities,_schools,_clinics_and_administrative_settlements –PROCESS_SETTLEMENT–> SOVIET_017; LOCAL_PERIOD=SEDENTARIZATION_CAMPAIGNS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U059; SIB.U060
CA.SIB.000192 | [SOVIET-018] 1930s | W051–W052 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian religious institutions and communities :: Soviet agencies, shamans, clergy and believers/COERCIVE_CULTURAL_TRANSFORMATION/REGIONAL :: Campaigns close institutions, confiscate sacred objects and persecute clergy and shamans. Practice persists or changes in households and memory beyond formal suppression. :: RELIGION; COERCION; MEMORY; IDENTITY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S065; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G192 Soviet_agencies,_shamans,_clergy_and_believers –PROCESS_RELIGION–> SOVIET_018; LOCAL_PERIOD=ANTI_RELIGIOUS_REPRESSION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U049; SIB.U066
CA.SIB.000193 | [SOVIET-019] 1930s–1980s | W051–W057 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Northern Siberian settlements and regional centres :: Children, families, teachers and education authorities/EDUCATION_CARE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Residential schooling expands literacy and access to professions while often separating children from family, language, land knowledge and care networks. Outcomes vary by place and generation. :: EDUCATION; CARE; LANGUAGE; MOBILITY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; DEMOGRAPHIC | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S065; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G193 Children,_families,_teachers_and_education_authorities –PROCESS_EDUCATION–> SOVIET_019; LOCAL_PERIOD=BOARDING_SCHOOL_SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U060; SIB.U059
CA.SIB.000194 | [SOVIET-020] 1930 | W051 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Soviet penal system :: OGPU/NKVD camp administration/INSTITUTIONAL_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: Central camp administration formalizes an expanding forced-labour system. Siberian camps later become hosts for mining, forestry, construction and settlement under coercion. :: LAW; COERCION; LABOUR; ADMINISTRATION :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S081; SIB.S080 :: SIB.G194 OGPU/NKVD_camp_administration –EVENT_LAW–> SOVIET_020; LOCAL_PERIOD=GULAG_ADMINISTRATION_FORMED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U061
CA.SIB.000195 | [SOVIET-021] 1930–1950s | W051–W054 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Kolyma, Norilsk, BAM zones, forests, mines and towns :: Prisoners, camp agencies, guards and industries/FORCED_LABOUR_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Camp labour extracts timber and minerals and builds transport and industrial nodes. Capability credited to the state must retain coerced bodies, mortality, deprivation and survivor memory in the same transformation record. :: COERCION; LABOUR; INDUSTRY; MEMORY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; DEMOGRAPHIC | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S081; SIB.S080; SIB.S082 :: SIB.G195 Prisoners,_camp_agencies,_guards_and_industries –PROCESS_COERCION–> SOVIET_021; LOCAL_PERIOD=GULAG_SIBERIAN_NETWORK; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U061
CA.SIB.000196 | [SOVIET-022] 1930–1933 and after | W051–W052 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | West and central Siberian settlements :: Deported peasant families and special-settlement authorities/FORCED_MIGRATION_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Households labelled kulak or otherwise targeted are deported to special settlements, where labour, hunger, disease and family separation become colonising inputs. :: COERCION; MIGRATION; LABOUR; CARE :: ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S079; SIB.S080 :: SIB.G196 Deported_peasant_families_and_special-settlement_authorities –PROCESS_COERCION–> SOVIET_022; LOCAL_PERIOD=SPECIAL_SETTLEMENT_DEPORTATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U061; SIB.U058
CA.SIB.000197 | [SOVIET-023] 1931–1957 | W051–W054 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Kolyma and northeast mining districts :: Dalstroy, prisoners, guards, workers and local communities/FORCED_LABOUR_EXTRACTIVE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: A special administrative organization uses forced labour to build roads and extract gold and other resources under extreme conditions. Production, death, settlement and environmental change are inseparable outputs. :: MINING; COERCION; TRANSPORT; SETTLEMENT :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; DEMOGRAPHIC | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S083; SIB.S081; SIB.S082 :: SIB.G197 Dalstroy,_prisoners,_guards,_workers_and_local_communities –PROCESS_MINING–> SOVIET_023; LOCAL_PERIOD=DALSTROY_KOLYMA; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U061
CA.SIB.000198 | [SOVIET-024] 1932 | W051 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Arctic coast and river mouths :: Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route/TRANSPORT_INSTITUTION/INTERREGIONAL :: A central institution coordinates shipping, ports, weather, aviation and settlements along the Soviet Arctic. It expands capability while depending on hazardous labour, subsidies and coastal ecological knowledge. :: TRANSPORT; SCIENCE; SETTLEMENT; STATE_CAPACITY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL; ECONOMIC | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S090; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G198 Chief_Directorate_of_the_Northern_Sea_Route –EVENT_TRANSPORT–> SOVIET_024; LOCAL_PERIOD=NORTHERN_SEA_ROUTE_ADMINISTRATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057
CA.SIB.000199 | [SOVIET-025] 1932–1938 | W051 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Baikal–Amur corridor :: Soviet transport agencies and prisoners/FORCED_LABOUR_INFRASTRUCTURE/REGIONAL :: Early surveys and construction use prison labour under changing organizations. The 1974 relaunch does not erase this coercive first host. :: TRANSPORT; COERCION; LABOUR; FUTURE_BOUNDARY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHITECTURAL; TESTIMONIAL | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S085; SIB.S081; SIB.S086 :: SIB.G199 Soviet_transport_agencies_and_prisoners –PROCESS_TRANSPORT–> SOVIET_025; LOCAL_PERIOD=BAM_EARLY_FORCED_LABOUR_PHASE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U063; SIB.U061
CA.SIB.000200 | [SOVIET-026] 1935–1956 | W051–W054 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Norilsk industrial district :: Norillag, prisoners, engineers and industrial agencies/FORCED_LABOUR_INDUSTRIAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Camp labour builds mining and smelting capacity in the Arctic. Metal output cannot be serialized apart from coercion, mortality, pollution and long-term mono-industrial dependence. :: MINING; COERCION; INDUSTRY; ENVIRONMENT :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; ECONOMIC | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S084; SIB.S082; SIB.S081 :: SIB.G200 Norillag,_prisoners,_engineers_and_industrial_agencies –PROCESS_MINING–> SOVIET_026; LOCAL_PERIOD=NORILLAG_NORILSK_BUILD; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U062; SIB.U061
CA.SIB.000201 | [SOVIET-027] 1936–1938 | W051 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian republics, districts, camps and institutions :: NKVD, targeted officials, clergy, intellectuals and communities/STATE_REPRESSION_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Mass operations, purges and executions remove local leaders, scholars, clergy and ordinary people. National institutions survive formally while personnel and trust are devastated. :: COERCION; POLITY; MEMORY; TRUST :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; DEMOGRAPHIC | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S082; SIB.S081; SIB.S078 :: SIB.G201 NKVD,_targeted_officials,_clergy,_intellectuals_and_communities –PROCESS_COERCION–> SOVIET_027; LOCAL_PERIOD=GREAT_TERROR_SIBERIA; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U061; SIB.U057
CA.SIB.000202 | [SOVIET-028] 1937 | W051 | TRANSITION/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Baikal and Transbaikal :: Buryat-Mongol ASSR and Soviet administration/TERRITORIAL_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Territory is divided and border districts reorganized amid repression. Administrative lines alter institutional hosts without cleanly dividing Buryat social geography. :: POLITY; TERRITORY; IDENTITY; COERCION :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S078; SIB.S077; SIB.S058 :: SIB.G202 Buryat-Mongol_ASSR_and_Soviet_administration –TRANSITION_POLITY–> SOVIET_028; LOCAL_PERIOD=BURYAT_MONGOL_REPUBLIC_PARTITION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057; SIB.U030
CA.SIB.000203 | [SOVIET-029] Late 1930s–1950s | W051–W054 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian schools, administrations and cities :: Education ministries, teachers, students and multilingual communities/LANGUAGE_POLICY_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Russian becomes increasingly dominant in higher education, administration and mobility while local-language institutions continue unevenly. Domain shift, not one disappearance date, measures the transformation. :: LANGUAGE; EDUCATION; ADMINISTRATION; MOBILITY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; LINGUISTIC; DEMOGRAPHIC | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S078; SIB.S077; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G203 Education_ministries,_teachers,_students_and_multilingual_communities –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> SOVIET_029; LOCAL_PERIOD=RUSSIAN_LANGUAGE_CENTRALIZATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U066; SIB.U060
CA.SIB.000204 | [SOVIET-030] 1941–1945 | W052–W053 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian republics, towns and villages :: Soldiers, workers, households and state agencies/WAR_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Large numbers mobilize to the front while households sustain agriculture, mining and transport. Loss, disability and care burdens persist after victory and vary by community. :: WAR; LABOUR; CARE; DEMOGRAPHY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S100 :: SIB.G204 Soldiers,_workers,_households_and_state_agencies –PROCESS_WAR–> SOVIET_030; LOCAL_PERIOD=WORLD_WAR_II_MOBILIZATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U083
CA.SIB.000205 | [SOVIET-031] 1941–1945 | W052–W053 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | West Siberian and central Siberian cities :: Evacuated factories, workers, managers and receiving communities/INDUSTRIAL_MIGRATION_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Factories and people move east of the front, enlarging Siberian industrial capacity. Housing, food and care systems carry the receiver load. :: INDUSTRY; MIGRATION; WAR; RECEIVER :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; DEMOGRAPHIC | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S088 :: SIB.G205 Evacuated_factories,_workers,_managers_and_receiving_communities –PROCESS_INDUSTRY–> SOVIET_031; LOCAL_PERIOD=INDUSTRIAL_EVACUATION_EAST; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U060
CA.SIB.000206 | [SOVIET-032] 1941–1950s | W052–W054 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian and Central Asian settlement zones :: Deported ethnic groups, prisoners of war and special settlers/FORCED_MIGRATION_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: State deportations relocate whole communities and other categorized populations under coercion. Object 19 records Siberian receiver sites while origin-region objects retain primary expulsion clocks. :: COERCION; MIGRATION; CARE; IDENTITY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S080; SIB.S079; SIB.S082 :: SIB.G206 Deported_ethnic_groups,_prisoners_of_war_and_special_settlers –PROCESS_COERCION–> SOVIET_032; LOCAL_PERIOD=WARTIME_AND_POSTWAR_DEPORTATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U061; SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000207 | [SOVIET-033] 1945–1953 | W053–W054 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Norilsk, Kolyma, Krasnoyarsk, BAM and other sites :: Camp ministries and industrial projects/FORCED_LABOUR_INDUSTRIAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Postwar projects continue to use prisoner labour while strategic mining, nuclear and transport capacity expands. Release or institutional reform later does not erase built-environment dependence on coercion. :: COERCION; INDUSTRY; TRANSPORT; MEMORY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; ECONOMIC | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S081; SIB.S082; SIB.S084 :: SIB.G207 Camp_ministries_and_industrial_projects –PROCESS_COERCION–> SOVIET_033; LOCAL_PERIOD=POSTWAR_CAMP_INDUSTRY_EXPANSION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U061; SIB.U062
CA.SIB.000208 | [SOVIET-034] 1953–1960 | W054–W055 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian camps and settlements :: Soviet state, prisoners, released persons and communities/PENAL_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: After Stalin’s death, amnesties, reviews and administrative changes sharply contract the camp system. Survivors face restricted residence, stigma and incomplete restitution; industrial sites remain. :: LAW; REPAIR; MEMORY; SETTLEMENT :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S081; SIB.S082 :: SIB.G208 Soviet_state,_prisoners,_released_persons_and_communities –TRANSITION_LAW–> SOVIET_034; LOCAL_PERIOD=GULAG_CONTRACTION_AND_RELEASE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U061
CA.SIB.000209 | [SOVIET-035] 1954–1967 | W054–W055 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Angara River :: Bratsk dam, power station, workers and affected communities/ENERGY_INFRASTRUCTURE/REGIONAL :: Dam and reservoir add major electricity and industrial capacity while inundating settlements and landscapes, disrupting fisheries and requiring forced or managed resettlement. :: ENERGY; WATER; DISPLACEMENT; INDUSTRY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHITECTURAL; TESTIMONIAL | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S089; SIB.S088 :: SIB.G209 Bratsk_dam,_power_station,_workers_and_affected_communities –PROCESS_ENERGY–> SOVIET_035; LOCAL_PERIOD=BRATSK_HYDRO_COMPLEX; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U065
CA.SIB.000210 | [SOVIET-036] 1950s–1980s | W054–W057 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Angara and Yenisei basins :: Hydropower stations, grids, industries and river communities/ENERGY_WATER_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: A cascade of dams powers aluminium, cities and grids while altering flow, sediment, ice, fish and settlement. Installed capacity is an upper-floor gain with lower-floor dependencies and residual loss. :: ENERGY; WATER; INDUSTRY; ECOLOGY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHITECTURAL; MULTI_SOURCE | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S088; SIB.S089 :: SIB.G210 Hydropower_stations,_grids,_industries_and_river_communities –PROCESS_ENERGY–> SOVIET_036; LOCAL_PERIOD=ANGARA_YENISEI_HYDROCASCADE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U065
CA.SIB.000211 | [SOVIET-037] 1950s–1991 | W054–W058 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk and other strategic sites :: Soviet nuclear complex, workers and surrounding communities/STRATEGIC_INDUSTRIAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Closed cities concentrate technical capacity, secrecy and employment around nuclear production. Environmental releases, worker risk and restricted information limit independent repair. :: ENERGY; SECURITY; HEALTH; SECRECY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; MULTI_SOURCE; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S088; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G211 Soviet_nuclear_complex,_workers_and_surrounding_communities –PROCESS_ENERGY–> SOVIET_037; LOCAL_PERIOD=CLOSED_NUCLEAR_INDUSTRIAL_CITIES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U062
CA.SIB.000212 | [SOVIET-038] 1957–1970s | W054–W056 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Novosibirsk Akademgorodok and related centres :: Scientists, institutes, universities and planned towns/KNOWLEDGE_INSTITUTION/REGIONAL :: Research cities create dense scientific and educational networks, increasing knowledge capability while depending on state funding, secrecy regimes and selective mobility. :: SCIENCE; EDUCATION; URBANISM; STATE_CAPACITY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL; PHOTOGRAPHIC | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S088 :: SIB.G212 Scientists,_institutes,_universities_and_planned_towns –PROCESS_SCIENCE–> SOVIET_038; LOCAL_PERIOD=SIBERIAN_ACADEMIC_CITIES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U060
CA.SIB.000213 | [SOVIET-039] 1960 | W055 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | West Siberia :: Shaim field and Soviet geological teams/ENERGY_DISCOVERY_EVENT/LOCAL :: Commercial oil discovery demonstrates the West Siberian basin’s potential and redirects state exploration and infrastructure. :: ENERGY; SCIENCE; EXTRACTION :: ADMINISTRATIVE; GEOLOGICAL; ECONOMIC | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S087; SIB.S088 :: SIB.G213 Shaim_field_and_Soviet_geological_teams –EVENT_ENERGY–> SOVIET_039; LOCAL_PERIOD=SHAIM_OIL_DISCOVERY; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U064
CA.SIB.000214 | [SOVIET-040] 1961 | W055 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Middle Ob region :: Megion field and Soviet oil institutions/ENERGY_DISCOVERY_EVENT/LOCAL :: A major discovery strengthens the case for a new West Siberian production province and future pipeline network. :: ENERGY; SCIENCE; EXTRACTION :: ADMINISTRATIVE; GEOLOGICAL; ECONOMIC | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S087; SIB.S088 :: SIB.G214 Megion_field_and_Soviet_oil_institutions –EVENT_ENERGY–> SOVIET_040; LOCAL_PERIOD=MEGION_OIL_DISCOVERY; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U064
CA.SIB.000215 | [SOVIET-041] 1965 | W055 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Near Nizhnevartovsk :: Samotlor oil field and exploration teams/ENERGY_DISCOVERY_EVENT/LOCAL :: Discovery of the giant field precedes commercial production and creates future expectations; the Atlas separates discovery from operating capacity. :: ENERGY; SCIENCE; FUTURE_BOUNDARY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; GEOLOGICAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S087; SIB.S088 :: SIB.G215 Samotlor_oil_field_and_exploration_teams –EVENT_ENERGY–> SOVIET_041; LOCAL_PERIOD=SAMOTLOR_DISCOVERED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U064
CA.SIB.000216 | [SOVIET-042] 1968 onward | W055–W058 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Middle Ob oil province :: Samotlor field, towns, pipelines and labour system/ENERGY_INFRASTRUCTURE/INTERREGIONAL :: Commercial production helps make West Siberia the Soviet Union’s principal oil base. Rapid extraction finances wider systems while producing spills, subsidence, boomtown dependence and maintenance debt. :: ENERGY; ECONOMY; ENVIRONMENT; LABOUR :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; MULTI_SOURCE | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S087; SIB.S088 :: SIB.G216 Samotlor_field,_towns,_pipelines_and_labour_system –PROCESS_ENERGY–> SOVIET_042; LOCAL_PERIOD=SAMOTLOR_PRODUCTION_SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U064
CA.SIB.000217 | [SOVIET-043] 1966 | W055 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Yamal–Nenets region :: Urengoy gas field and Soviet geological teams/ENERGY_DISCOVERY_EVENT/LOCAL :: Discovery establishes a giant gas resource whose later development requires pipelines, towns and labour across reindeer and tundra landscapes. :: ENERGY; SCIENCE; LAND; FUTURE_BOUNDARY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; GEOLOGICAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S087; SIB.S088 :: SIB.G217 Urengoy_gas_field_and_Soviet_geological_teams –EVENT_ENERGY–> SOVIET_043; LOCAL_PERIOD=URENGOY_GAS_DISCOVERED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U064; SIB.U037
CA.SIB.000218 | [SOVIET-044] 1960s–1980s | W055–W057 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Khanty-Mansi and Yamal-Nenets regions :: Ministries, oil/gas firms, workers, towns and Indigenous communities/EXTRACTIVE_INFRASTRUCTURE/INTERREGIONAL :: Wells, roads, pipelines, aviation and new cities re-host state revenue and settlement. Khanty, Mansi and Nenets land, water and mobility absorb spills, fragmentation and access restrictions. :: ENERGY; LAND; LABOUR; ENVIRONMENT :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; MULTI_SOURCE; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S087; SIB.S088; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G218 Ministries,_oil/gas_firms,_workers,_towns_and_Indigenous_communities –PROCESS_ENERGY–> SOVIET_044; LOCAL_PERIOD=WEST_SIBERIAN_OIL_GAS_BUILDOUT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U064; SIB.U068
CA.SIB.000219 | [SOVIET-045] 1960s–1980s | W055–W057 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | West Siberian and Arctic extraction zones :: Migrant workers, local residents, ministries and municipal systems/URBAN_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Rapidly built cities deliver housing, health, schools and wages under harsh conditions while depending on imported food, energy, transport and single industries. :: URBANISM; CARE; LABOUR; DEPENDENCY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; ECONOMIC | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S088 :: SIB.G219 Migrant_workers,_local_residents,_ministries_and_municipal_systems –PROCESS_URBANISM–> SOVIET_045; LOCAL_PERIOD=NORTHERN_BOOMTOWNS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U064
CA.SIB.000220 | [SOVIET-046] 1960s–1980s | W055–W057 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Northern Siberia :: State/collective farms, herders, scientists and herds/PASTORAL_GOVERNANCE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Veterinary care, procurement, wages and herd management expand within planned institutions. State targets and settlement can also centralize knowledge and weaken household control. :: ANIMALS; LABOUR; SCIENCE; GOVERNANCE :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S056; SIB.S055 :: SIB.G220 State/collective_farms,_herders,_scientists_and_herds –PROCESS_ANIMALS–> SOVIET_046; LOCAL_PERIOD=REINDEER_STATE_FARM_INTENSIFICATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U058; SIB.U039
CA.SIB.000221 | [SOVIET-047] 1960s–1980s | W055–W057 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Republic capitals, district centres and universities :: Indigenous students, professionals, workers and families/SOCIAL_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Higher education, wage work and urban residence create new professions, art and political networks. Language shift or return, rural ties and discrimination vary; urban identity is not cultural loss by definition. :: EDUCATION; URBANISM; IDENTITY; LABOUR :: DEMOGRAPHIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S065; SIB.S058; SIB.S100 :: SIB.G221 Indigenous_students,_professionals,_workers_and_families –PROCESS_EDUCATION–> SOVIET_047; LOCAL_PERIOD=INDIGENOUS_URBANIZATION_AND_PROFESSIONALIZATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U066; SIB.U060
CA.SIB.000222 | [SOVIET-048] 1960s–1980s | W055–W057 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian homes, schools and cultural institutions :: Radio, television, print and multilingual audiences/MEDIA_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Mass media extends common information and Russian-language domains while also hosting selected Indigenous-language programming and cultural production. :: MEDIA; LANGUAGE; POLITY; EDUCATION :: ADMINISTRATIVE; TEXTUAL; DIGITAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S065; SIB.S078 :: SIB.G222 Radio,_television,_print_and_multilingual_audiences –PROCESS_MEDIA–> SOVIET_048; LOCAL_PERIOD=BROADCAST_AND_MASS_MEDIA; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U066
CA.SIB.000223 | [SOVIET-049] 1974 | W056 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Baikal–Amur corridor :: Soviet state, Komsomol brigades and construction organizations/INFRASTRUCTURE_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: The state relaunches BAM as a signature project, mobilizing volunteers, specialists and large investment. Official beginning language does not erase earlier prison-labour phases. :: TRANSPORT; LABOUR; MEDIA; FUTURE_BOUNDARY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; PHOTOGRAPHIC; TEXTUAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S085; SIB.S086 :: SIB.G223 Soviet_state,_Komsomol_brigades_and_construction_organizations –EVENT_TRANSPORT–> SOVIET_049; LOCAL_PERIOD=BAM_KOMSOMOL_RELAUNCH; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U063
CA.SIB.000224 | [SOVIET-050] 1974–1984 and after | W056–W058 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Baikal–Amur corridor :: Workers, new towns, rail agencies and affected communities/RAIL_INFRASTRUCTURE/INTERREGIONAL :: Railway construction opens mineral and timber zones and creates settlements. Cost overruns, permafrost maintenance, local displacement and incomplete feeder projects create stopping debt. :: TRANSPORT; SETTLEMENT; EXTRACTION; MAINTENANCE :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHITECTURAL; ECONOMIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S085; SIB.S086 :: SIB.G224 Workers,_new_towns,_rail_agencies_and_affected_communities –PROCESS_TRANSPORT–> SOVIET_050; LOCAL_PERIOD=BAM_MAIN_CONSTRUCTION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U063
CA.SIB.000225 | [SOVIET-051] 1984 | W057 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | BAM corridor :: Soviet rail builders and state/INFRASTRUCTURE_MILESTONE/INTERREGIONAL :: Track-linking ceremonies mark a completed main line in official narrative, while permanent works, tunnels and operating reliability continue beyond the milestone. :: TRANSPORT; MEDIA; CLAIM_STATUS :: ADMINISTRATIVE; PHOTOGRAPHIC | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S085; SIB.S086 :: SIB.G225 Soviet_rail_builders_and_state –EVENT_TRANSPORT–> SOVIET_051; LOCAL_PERIOD=BAM_GOLDEN_LINK; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U063
CA.SIB.000226 | [SOVIET-052] 1970s–1980s | W056–W057 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Norilsk industrial region :: Mining-smelting complex, workers and ecosystems/INDUSTRIAL_ECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Nickel and other metal production produces severe sulphur and metal pollution. Output leaves an ecological and health liability that returns as repair cost after the production target is met. :: INDUSTRY; HEALTH; ENVIRONMENT; OUROBOROS :: ADMINISTRATIVE; MULTI_SOURCE; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S084; SIB.S088 :: SIB.G226 Mining-smelting_complex,_workers_and_ecosystems –PROCESS_INDUSTRY–> SOVIET_052; LOCAL_PERIOD=NORILSK_POLLUTION_ACCUMULATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U062
CA.SIB.000227 | [SOVIET-053] 1970s–1980s | W056–W057 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Lake Baikal basin :: Pulp industry, scientists, writers, officials and residents/ENVIRONMENTAL_POLITICAL_FIELD/REGIONAL :: Industrial pollution and development plans generate scientific and public campaigns to protect Baikal. Environmental monitoring becomes a contested sensor inside the Soviet control stack. :: WATER; ENVIRONMENT; SCIENCE; POLITICS :: MULTI_SOURCE; TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S007; SIB.S008 :: SIB.G227 Pulp_industry,_scientists,_writers,_officials_and_residents –PROCESS_WATER–> SOVIET_053; LOCAL_PERIOD=BAIKAL_INDUSTRIAL_CONSERVATION_CONFLICT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U081
CA.SIB.000228 | [SOVIET-054] 1985–1991 | W057–W058 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian republics, cities and extraction regions :: Reformers, workers, national movements and state institutions/POLITICAL_ECONOMIC_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Political opening exposes repression and environmental damage while shortages and institutional instability grow. New associations and sovereignty claims use print, meetings and regional legislatures. :: POLITY; MEMORY; ECONOMY; MEDIA :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S065 :: SIB.G228 Reformers,_workers,_national_movements_and_state_institutions –TRANSITION_POLITY–> SOVIET_054; LOCAL_PERIOD=PERESTROIKA_SIBERIA; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U067
CA.SIB.000229 | [SOVIET-055] 1988 onward | W057–W058 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian archives, camp sites and public institutions :: Survivors, Memorial groups, families and researchers/MEMORY_REPAIR_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Named victims, burial sites and testimonies enter public records. Repair remains incomplete where archives close, sites decay or perpetrators and institutions are not fully accounted for. :: MEMORY; JUSTICE; ARCHIVE; REPAIR :: TESTIMONIAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; DIGITAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S082; SIB.S080 :: SIB.G229 Survivors,_Memorial_groups,_families_and_researchers –PROCESS_MEMORY–> SOVIET_055; LOCAL_PERIOD=MEMORIALIZATION_OF_REPRESSION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U061
CA.SIB.000230 | [SOVIET-056] 1989–1990 | W057–W058 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Northern and Siberian regions :: Indigenous delegates and new representative organizations/POLITICAL_ORGANIZATION/REGIONAL :: Regional and all-Union organizing creates new channels for land, language and rights claims. Representation is real but never assumed to include every community or replace local consent. :: RIGHTS; POLITY; LAND; LANGUAGE :: TEXTUAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S065; SIB.S095 :: SIB.G230 Indigenous_delegates_and_new_representative_organizations –PROCESS_RIGHTS–> SOVIET_056; LOCAL_PERIOD=INDIGENOUS_ASSOCIATION_FORMATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057
CA.SIB.000231 | [SOVIET-057] 1990–1991 | W058 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Sakha, Buryatia, Tuva, Altai and other regional institutions :: Autonomous republic legislatures and Soviet/Russian centres/FEDERAL_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Republics and regions assert sovereignty, resource claims or upgraded status during Soviet dissolution. Declarations, negotiated powers and final constitutional position remain separate states. :: LAW; POLITY; RESOURCES; FEDERALISM :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S112 :: SIB.G231 Autonomous_republic_legislatures_and_Soviet/Russian_centres –PROCESS_LAW–> SOVIET_057; LOCAL_PERIOD=REPUBLIC_SOVEREIGNTY_DECLARATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057; SIB.U067
CA.SIB.000232 | [SOVIET-058] 1991 | W058 | TRANSITION/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Russian Federation and former Soviet system :: USSR institutions, Russian Federation and regional governments/STATE_TRANSITION/INTERREGIONAL :: The Soviet Union dissolves, transferring legal hosts, assets and obligations. Infrastructure, administrative categories and environmental liabilities persist across the institutional break. :: POLITY; ECONOMY; INHERITANCE; LIABILITY :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S091; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G232 USSR_institutions,_Russian_Federation_and_regional_governments –TRANSITION_POLITY–> SOVIET_058; LOCAL_PERIOD=SOVIET_DISSOLUTION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U067

5K. POST-SOVIET AND LIVE 2026 COORDINATE

CA.SIB.000233 | [POSTSOVIET-001] 1991–1998 | W058 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian towns, rural districts and northern settlements :: Households, firms, regional governments and former Soviet institutions/ECONOMIC_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Price liberalization, broken supply chains, wage arrears and institutional collapse damage food, health and maintenance floors unevenly. Some market and private activity expands while mono-towns and remote settlements lose support. :: ECONOMY; FOOD; HEALTH; INFRASTRUCTURE :: ECONOMIC; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S059; SIB.S086 :: SIB.G233 Households,_firms,_regional_governments_and_former_Soviet_institutions –PROCESS_ECONOMY–> POSTSOVIET_001; LOCAL_PERIOD=POST_SOVIET_ECONOMIC_CONTRACTION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U067
CA.SIB.000234 | [POSTSOVIET-002] 1991–2000 | W058–W059 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Northern Siberia :: State farms, households, private herders, communities and new firms/PASTORAL_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Collective and state-farm breakdown redistributes animals, wages, veterinary support and marketing. Outcomes range from herd loss to household recovery and new mixed institutions. :: ANIMALS; ECONOMY; CARE; PROPERTY :: ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S056; SIB.S055 :: SIB.G234 State_farms,_households,_private_herders,_communities_and_new_firms –PROCESS_ANIMALS–> POSTSOVIET_002; LOCAL_PERIOD=REINDEER_INSTITUTIONAL_FISSION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U067; SIB.U037
CA.SIB.000235 | [POSTSOVIET-003] 1991–2000 | W058–W059 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Industrial and remote Siberian settlements :: Workers, families, municipalities and transport systems/DEMOGRAPHIC_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Subsidy loss and economic contraction drive substantial outmigration from some northern and eastern settlements. The remaining population inherits oversized infrastructure and high service costs. :: DEMOGRAPHY; SETTLEMENT; CARE; INFRASTRUCTURE :: DEMOGRAPHIC; ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S100; SIB.S086 :: SIB.G235 Workers,_families,_municipalities_and_transport_systems –PROCESS_DEMOGRAPHY–> POSTSOVIET_003; LOCAL_PERIOD=NORTHERN_OUTMIGRATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U073; SIB.U067
CA.SIB.000236 | [POSTSOVIET-004] 1992 | W058 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Russian Federation and Siberian regions :: Federal centre, republics, krais and oblasts/FEDERAL_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Treaty bargaining distributes powers and fiscal claims unevenly among regions. Formal asymmetry creates negotiating capability but remains vulnerable to later centralization. :: LAW; POLITY; FEDERALISM; RESOURCES :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S091; SIB.S112 :: SIB.G236 Federal_centre,_republics,_krais_and_oblasts –PROCESS_LAW–> POSTSOVIET_004; LOCAL_PERIOD=FEDERATION_TREATY_AND_REGIONAL_BARGAINING; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057; SIB.U067
CA.SIB.000237 | [POSTSOVIET-005] 12 December 1993 | W058 | EVENT/EXACT/Z6/I5 | Russian Federation :: Russian electorate and constitutional institutions/LEGAL_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: The Constitution establishes the federal state, rights framework and status of republics and other subjects. Textual authority and effective regional or Indigenous power remain separate measures. :: LAW; RIGHTS; FEDERALISM; POLITY :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S091 :: SIB.G237 Russian_electorate_and_constitutional_institutions –EVENT_LAW–> POSTSOVIET_005; LOCAL_PERIOD=RUSSIAN_CONSTITUTION_ADOPTED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U068; SIB.U057
CA.SIB.000238 | [POSTSOVIET-006] 1993 to cutoff | W058–W068 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Russian Federation :: Indigenous peoples and Russian constitutional institutions/LEGAL_RIGHTS_FRAMEWORK/INTERREGIONAL :: Article 69 guarantees rights of Indigenous small-numbered peoples in accordance with generally recognized principles and treaties. The Atlas records the guarantee and implementation evidence separately. :: RIGHTS; LAW; IDENTITY :: LEGAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S091; SIB.S095 :: SIB.G238 Indigenous_peoples_and_Russian_constitutional_institutions –CONDITION_RIGHTS–> POSTSOVIET_006; LOCAL_PERIOD=ARTICLE_69_GUARANTEE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U068; SIB.U069
CA.SIB.000239 | [POSTSOVIET-007] 1990s | W058 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | West Siberian oil, gas, metals and forest regions :: State agencies, private/corporate firms, workers and communities/ECONOMIC_OWNERSHIP_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Assets and operating rights move into new corporate and mixed hosts. Production survives or recovers unevenly while taxation, wage security, environmental liability and local consent are renegotiated. :: ECONOMY; PROPERTY; LABOUR; ENVIRONMENT :: LEGAL; ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S087; SIB.S059 :: SIB.G239 State_agencies,_private/corporate_firms,_workers_and_communities –PROCESS_ECONOMY–> POSTSOVIET_007; LOCAL_PERIOD=RESOURCE_PRIVATIZATION_AND_CORPORATE_REHOSTING; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U064; SIB.U067
CA.SIB.000240 | [POSTSOVIET-008] 1990s–2026 | W058–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Khanty-Mansi, Yamal-Nenets and adjoining regions :: Companies, governments, Khanty, Mansi, Nenets and local residents/LAND_RESOURCE_GOVERNANCE/REGIONAL :: Licensing, compensation, benefit agreements, roads and spills intersect hunting, fishing and migration routes. Consultation and payments do not automatically equal free consent or ecological repair. :: LAND; RIGHTS; ENERGY; ENVIRONMENT :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; MULTI_SOURCE | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S092; SIB.S094; SIB.S095; SIB.S057 :: SIB.G240 Companies,_governments,_Khanty,_Mansi,_Nenets_and_local_residents –PROCESS_LAND–> POSTSOVIET_008; LOCAL_PERIOD=OIL_GAS_INDIGENOUS_LAND_RELATIONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U068; SIB.U071; SIB.U064
CA.SIB.000241 | [POSTSOVIET-009] 1995 onward | W058–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I4 | Baikal–Amur corridor :: Russian Railways, towns, freight firms and local communities/RAIL_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: BAM shifts from Soviet construction symbol to working freight and settlement system. Deferred maintenance, town contraction and renewed mineral traffic produce uneven repair and expansion cycles. :: TRANSPORT; SETTLEMENT; EXTRACTION; MAINTENANCE :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S086; SIB.S085 :: SIB.G241 Russian_Railways,_towns,_freight_firms_and_local_communities –PROCESS_TRANSPORT–> POSTSOVIET_009; LOCAL_PERIOD=BAM_POST_SOVIET_OPERATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U063
CA.SIB.000242 | [POSTSOVIET-010] 1996 | W058 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Lake Baikal :: UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Russian authorities and local communities/HERITAGE_EVENT/PLANETARY :: World Heritage inscription recognizes exceptional natural value and creates monitoring and protection obligations. It does not guarantee water quality or settle local land and development conflicts. :: HERITAGE; WATER; GOVERNANCE; RIGHTS :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; MULTI_SOURCE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S007; SIB.S008 :: SIB.G242 UNESCO_World_Heritage_Committee,_Russian_authorities_and_local_communities –EVENT_HERITAGE–> POSTSOVIET_010; LOCAL_PERIOD=LAKE_BAIKAL_WORLD_HERITAGE_INSCRIPTION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U081
CA.SIB.000243 | [POSTSOVIET-011] 1999 | W058 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Russian Federation :: Indigenous small-numbered peoples and federal institutions/LEGAL_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: The law establishes guarantees and a statutory recognition framework for Indigenous small-numbered peoples. Category eligibility, regulation and remedy remain separate from the written guarantee. :: RIGHTS; LAW; IDENTITY; GOVERNANCE :: LEGAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S092; SIB.S095 :: SIB.G243 Indigenous_small-numbered_peoples_and_federal_institutions –EVENT_RIGHTS–> POSTSOVIET_011; LOCAL_PERIOD=FEDERAL_LAW_82_FZ; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U068; SIB.U069
CA.SIB.000244 | [POSTSOVIET-012] 2000 | W059 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Russian Federation :: Indigenous obshchinas and federal institutions/LEGAL_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: The law creates a framework for Indigenous community organizations. Registration can host economic and representative activity but does not by itself grant secure land title or veto power. :: RIGHTS; LAW; COMMUNITY; ECONOMY :: LEGAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S093; SIB.S095 :: SIB.G244 Indigenous_obshchinas_and_federal_institutions –EVENT_RIGHTS–> POSTSOVIET_012; LOCAL_PERIOD=FEDERAL_LAW_104_FZ; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U070; SIB.U068
CA.SIB.000245 | [POSTSOVIET-013] 2001 | W059 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Russian Federation :: Traditional nature-use territories and state institutions/LEGAL_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: The law provides for territories of traditional nature use. Actual designation, protected area, resource exceptions and enforcement must be evidenced case by case. :: RIGHTS; LAND; ENVIRONMENT; LAW :: LEGAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S094; SIB.S095 :: SIB.G245 Traditional_nature-use_territories_and_state_institutions –EVENT_RIGHTS–> POSTSOVIET_013; LOCAL_PERIOD=FEDERAL_LAW_49_FZ; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U071; SIB.U068
CA.SIB.000246 | [POSTSOVIET-014] 1999–2026 | W058–W068 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Russian Federation :: Officially recognized Indigenous small-numbered peoples/LEGAL_CATEGORY/INTERREGIONAL :: Domestic recognition combines a population threshold below 50,000 with traditional-lifeway and self-identification criteria. The category creates rights routes but cannot define global or complete indigeneity. :: RIGHTS; IDENTITY; CLASSIFICATION; DEMOGRAPHY :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S092; SIB.S096; SIB.S095 :: SIB.G246 Officially_recognized_Indigenous_small-numbered_peoples –CONDITION_RIGHTS–> POSTSOVIET_014; LOCAL_PERIOD=SMALL_NUMBERED_LEGAL_CATEGORY; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U069; SIB.U073
CA.SIB.000247 | [POSTSOVIET-015] 1999–2026 | W058–W068 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Sakha, Buryatia, Tuva, Altai and wider Siberia :: Sakha, Buryat, Tuvan and other larger Indigenous nations/IDENTITY_LEGAL_RELATION/REGIONAL :: Peoples above the statutory population threshold are not thereby non-Indigenous. Their constitutional, republican, language and cultural rights travel through different legal and political channels. :: RIGHTS; IDENTITY; LAW; FEDERALISM :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S092; SIB.S096; SIB.S091 :: SIB.G247 Sakha,_Buryat,_Tuvan_and_other_larger_Indigenous_nations –CONDITION_RIGHTS–> POSTSOVIET_015; LOCAL_PERIOD=LARGER_INDIGENOUS_NATIONS_OUTSIDE_THRESHOLD; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U069; SIB.U057
CA.SIB.000248 | [POSTSOVIET-016] 2000s–2026 | W059–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Russian Federation and Siberian regions :: Presidency, federal districts, governors and regional institutions/GOVERNANCE_TRANSITION/INTERREGIONAL :: Appointments, fiscal rules, party systems and federal oversight strengthen vertical control relative to the bargaining of the 1990s. Formal republics and regions persist with narrower or changing practical autonomy. :: POLITY; FEDERALISM; CONTROL_GEOMETRY :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S112; SIB.S096 :: SIB.G248 Presidency,_federal_districts,_governors_and_regional_institutions –PROCESS_POLITY–> POSTSOVIET_016; LOCAL_PERIOD=FEDERAL_RECENTRALIZATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057; SIB.U068
CA.SIB.000249 | [POSTSOVIET-017] 2005–2008 | W059–W060 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk and Zabaykalsky consolidation zones :: Evenk, Taymyr, Ust-Orda Buryat and Agin-Buryat okrugs and successor regions/TERRITORIAL_TRANSITION/REGIONAL :: Referendums and federal laws merge several autonomous okrugs into larger regions. Special statuses persist in some form, but budget, representation and land authority require post-merger measurement. :: LAW; TERRITORY; REPRESENTATION; GOVERNANCE :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S112; SIB.S096 :: SIB.G249 Evenk,_Taymyr,_Ust-Orda_Buryat_and_Agin-Buryat_okrugs_and_successor_regions –PROCESS_LAW–> POSTSOVIET_017; LOCAL_PERIOD=AUTONOMOUS_OKRUG_MERGERS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U072; SIB.U057
CA.SIB.000250 | [POSTSOVIET-018] 2000s–2026 | W059–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian regions and federal institutions :: Community organizations, associations and state agencies/CIVIL_SOCIETY_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Indigenous organizations provide advocacy, services and international links while funding, registration, foreign-contact rules and political pressure constrain operation. No single organization is assumed to speak for every community. :: RIGHTS; POLITY; REPRESENTATION; TRUST :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S096; SIB.S095 :: SIB.G250 Community_organizations,_associations_and_state_agencies –PROCESS_RIGHTS–> POSTSOVIET_018; LOCAL_PERIOD=INDIGENOUS_REPRESENTATION_CONSTRAINTS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U087; SIB.U057
CA.SIB.000251 | [POSTSOVIET-019] 2007 | W059 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z4/I5 | United Nations and Russian Federation :: UN General Assembly and Russian state/NORMATIVE_EVENT/PLANETARY :: The UN adopts the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; Russia abstains. The declaration remains a normative comparison and is not serialized as automatically incorporated domestic law. :: RIGHTS; INTERNATIONAL_LAW; CLAIM_STATUS :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S113; SIB.S095 :: SIB.G251 UN_General_Assembly_and_Russian_state –CONDITION_RIGHTS–> POSTSOVIET_019; LOCAL_PERIOD=UNDRIP_ADOPTED_RUSSIA_ABSTAINS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U068
CA.SIB.000252 | [POSTSOVIET-020] 2008–2026 | W060–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Siberian households, schools and online networks :: Language communities, educators, developers and platforms/MEDIA_EDUCATION_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Fonts, keyboards, dictionaries, social media and online lessons increase access for some Indigenous languages. Durable transmission still depends on teachers, daily domains, maintenance and community control. :: LANGUAGE; EDUCATION; DIGITAL; MEMORY :: DIGITAL; LINGUISTIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S097; SIB.S099; SIB.S098 :: SIB.G252 Language_communities,_educators,_developers_and_platforms –PROCESS_LANGUAGE–> POSTSOVIET_020; LOCAL_PERIOD=DIGITAL_LANGUAGE_INFRASTRUCTURE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U075; SIB.U074
CA.SIB.000253 | [POSTSOVIET-021] 2008–2026 | W060–W068 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Object 19 language communities :: Endangered and vulnerable Indigenous languages/LANGUAGE_ECOLOGY/REGIONAL :: Many Siberian languages face severe intergenerational and domain loss, while vitality differs by community and some revitalization grows. A language is living through use and teaching, not through a census name alone. :: LANGUAGE; EDUCATION; MEMORY; DEMOGRAPHY :: LINGUISTIC; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S097; SIB.S098; SIB.S100 :: SIB.G253 Endangered_and_vulnerable_Indigenous_languages –CONDITION_LANGUAGE–> POSTSOVIET_021; LOCAL_PERIOD=LANGUAGE_ENDANGERMENT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U074; SIB.U073
CA.SIB.000254 | [POSTSOVIET-022] 2010s–2026 | W060–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Yamal Peninsula and connected pipeline systems :: Gas firms, state, workers, Nenets herders and ecosystems/EXTRACTIVE_INFRASTRUCTURE/INTERREGIONAL :: New fields, roads, rail and LNG/pipeline infrastructure increase export capacity while crossing migration routes and permafrost. Benefit, consultation and damage remain site-specific. :: ENERGY; LAND; LABOUR; PERMAFROST :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC; MULTI_SOURCE; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S105; SIB.S057; SIB.S094 :: SIB.G254 Gas_firms,_state,_workers,_Nenets_herders_and_ecosystems –PROCESS_ENERGY–> POSTSOVIET_022; LOCAL_PERIOD=YAMAL_GAS_EXPANSION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U064; SIB.U068; SIB.U037
CA.SIB.000255 | [POSTSOVIET-023] 2014 | W061 | EVENT/EXACT/Z4/I5 | Russia–China energy relationship :: Gazprom, CNPC and Russian/Chinese states/ENERGY_AGREEMENT/INTERREGIONAL :: A long-term gas agreement creates the commercial basis for the eastern pipeline. Agreement, construction and delivered flow remain distinct states. :: ENERGY; DIPLOMACY; FUTURE_BOUNDARY :: LEGAL; ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S105; SIB.S102 :: SIB.G255 Gazprom,_CNPC_and_Russian/Chinese_states –EVENT_ENERGY–> POSTSOVIET_023; LOCAL_PERIOD=POWER_OF_SIBERIA_CONTRACT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U076
CA.SIB.000256 | [POSTSOVIET-024] 2014–2019 | W061 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Yakutia, Amur interfaces and China route :: Pipeline builders, gas fields, states and communities/ENERGY_INFRASTRUCTURE/INTERREGIONAL :: Fields, processing, pipe and compressor systems are built to carry eastern Siberian gas to China. The line creates export capacity and new maintenance, permafrost and geopolitical dependencies. :: ENERGY; TRANSPORT; LABOUR; LAND :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ARCHITECTURAL; ECONOMIC | DOCUMENTED_CONVERGENT/A :: SIB.S102; SIB.S105 :: SIB.G256 Pipeline_builders,_gas_fields,_states_and_communities –PROCESS_ENERGY–> POSTSOVIET_024; LOCAL_PERIOD=POWER_OF_SIBERIA_CONSTRUCTION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U076; SIB.U001
CA.SIB.000257 | [POSTSOVIET-025] 2 December 2019 | W061 | EVENT/EXACT/Z6/I5 | Yakutia–Amur–China pipeline system :: Gazprom, CNPC and operating infrastructure/ENERGY_OPERATION_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: Commercial gas deliveries begin. The event marks operating flow, not full design capacity or independent validation of every later volume claim. :: ENERGY; TRADE; OPERATION :: ADMINISTRATIVE; ECONOMIC | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S102; SIB.S105 :: SIB.G257 Gazprom,_CNPC_and_operating_infrastructure –EVENT_ENERGY–> POSTSOVIET_025; LOCAL_PERIOD=POWER_OF_SIBERIA_DELIVERIES_BEGIN; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U076
CA.SIB.000258 | [POSTSOVIET-026] 2012–2021 | W060–W063 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Taiga, peatlands and settlements :: Wildfire, climate, response agencies and communities/HAZARD_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Several severe seasons produce smoke, ecosystem loss and permafrost disturbance. Cross-year comparisons require consistent satellite products and cannot be copied into 2026 without observation. :: FIRE; HEALTH; CLIMATE; PERMAFROST :: SATELLITE; MULTI_SOURCE; ADMINISTRATIVE | MEASURED_MODELLED/A :: SIB.S012; SIB.S013; SIB.S011 :: SIB.G258 Wildfire,_climate,_response_agencies_and_communities –PROCESS_FIRE–> POSTSOVIET_026; LOCAL_PERIOD=EXTREME_SIBERIAN_FIRE_SEASONS; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U078; SIB.U080
CA.SIB.000259 | [POSTSOVIET-027] 2014–2026 | W061–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Batagay, Yakutia :: Thawing ice-rich permafrost and exposed sediments/CRYOSPHERE_HAZARD/LOCAL :: Retrogressive thaw exposes long environmental archives and mobilizes sediment and carbon. The site is a powerful sensor but not a scalar proxy for all Siberian permafrost. :: PERMAFROST; CARBON; HAZARD; ARCHIVE :: SATELLITE; GEOLOGICAL; MULTI_SOURCE | MEASURED_MODELLED/A :: SIB.S014; SIB.S015 :: SIB.G259 Thawing_ice-rich_permafrost_and_exposed_sediments –PROCESS_PERMAFROST–> POSTSOVIET_027; LOCAL_PERIOD=BATAGAY_MEGASLUMP_GROWTH; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U079
CA.SIB.000260 | [POSTSOVIET-028] 2014–2026 | W061–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Northern Siberia :: Climate system, settlements, infrastructure and ecosystems/CLIMATE_PRESSURE_FIELD/INTERREGIONAL :: Rapid Arctic warming alters snow, sea ice, permafrost, hydrology and fire risk, increasing maintenance and safety loads. Regional consequences vary and must be measured through local sensors. :: CLIMATE; PERMAFROST; WATER; INFRASTRUCTURE :: MULTI_SOURCE; SATELLITE; ADMINISTRATIVE | MEASURED_MODELLED/A :: SIB.S009; SIB.S010; SIB.S012 :: SIB.G260 Climate_system,_settlements,_infrastructure_and_ecosystems –PROCESS_CLIMATE–> POSTSOVIET_028; LOCAL_PERIOD=ARCTIC_AMPLIFICATION_LOAD; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U079; SIB.U004
CA.SIB.000261 | [POSTSOVIET-029] 2020 | W062 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Siberian cities, remote settlements and health networks :: Households, health services and governments/HEALTH_SYSTEM_SHOCK/REGIONAL :: Pandemic infection and mobility controls strain health, supply and care networks, with remoteness and comorbidity affecting access. Local outcomes require bounded health datasets. :: HEALTH; CARE; MOBILITY; TRUST :: ADMINISTRATIVE; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S100; SIB.S096 :: SIB.G261 Households,_health_services_and_governments –CONDITION_HEALTH–> POSTSOVIET_029; LOCAL_PERIOD=COVID_19_SIBERIAN_SHOCK; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U073; SIB.U068
CA.SIB.000262 | [POSTSOVIET-030] 2021 census reference date; results published later | W063–W066 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z5/I5 | Russian Federation and Siberian regions :: Enumerators and self-identifying residents/DATASET_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: The census records population, nationality and language variables through revised categories and delayed publication. Counts are time-bound administrative observations, not exact biological or cultural populations. :: DEMOGRAPHY; IDENTITY; LANGUAGE; DATA :: DEMOGRAPHIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; DIGITAL | DOCUMENTED_WITH_LIMITS/A :: SIB.S100 :: SIB.G262 Enumerators_and_self-identifying_residents –PROCESS_DEMOGRAPHY–> POSTSOVIET_030; LOCAL_PERIOD=ALL_RUSSIAN_CENSUS_2021; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U073; SIB.U069
CA.SIB.000263 | [POSTSOVIET-031] 2022–cutoff | W064–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z5/I5 | Siberian republics, regions and communities :: Russian military, recruits, mobilized persons and households/WAR_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine draws soldiers and resources from Siberian regions. Death, injury, care burdens and recruitment incentives are uneven and cannot be attributed to ethnicity from regional totals alone. :: WAR; DEMOGRAPHY; CARE; ECONOMY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; DIGITAL; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S109; SIB.S110; SIB.S096 :: SIB.G263 Russian_military,_recruits,_mobilized_persons_and_households –PROCESS_WAR–> POSTSOVIET_031; LOCAL_PERIOD=WAR_MOBILIZATION_AND_RECRUITMENT; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U083; SIB.U084
CA.SIB.000264 | [POSTSOVIET-032] September 2022 onward | W064–W068 | PROCESS/RANGE/Z5/I5 | Tuva, Buryatia, Sakha, Altai, Zabaykalsky and other regions :: Mobilized people, families and regional administrations/WAR_MOBILIZATION_PROCESS/REGIONAL :: Mobilization and contract recruitment expose regional inequalities in opportunity, wages, demography and political voice. Named records provide a lower bound on loss, not a causal ethnic census. :: WAR; LABOUR; DEMOGRAPHY; INEQUALITY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; DIGITAL; TESTIMONIAL | CONVERGENT/B :: SIB.S109; SIB.S096 :: SIB.G264 Mobilized_people,_families_and_regional_administrations –PROCESS_WAR–> POSTSOVIET_032; LOCAL_PERIOD=PARTIAL_MOBILIZATION_REGIONAL_LOAD; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U083; SIB.U084
CA.SIB.000265 | [POSTSOVIET-033] 2022–2032 | W064–W068 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z5/I4 | Siberian language communities and international programme :: UNESCO, community organizations and education institutions/PROGRAMME_STATE/PLANETARY :: The International Decade of Indigenous Languages provides a coordination and funding frame. Its existence is not itself proof of intergenerational language repair. :: LANGUAGE; EDUCATION; GOVERNANCE; FUTURE_BOUNDARY :: ADMINISTRATIVE; DIGITAL | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S099; SIB.S097 :: SIB.G265 UNESCO,_community_organizations_and_education_institutions –CONDITION_LANGUAGE–> POSTSOVIET_033; LOCAL_PERIOD=INDIGENOUS_LANGUAGES_DECADE_ACTIVE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U075; SIB.U074
CA.SIB.000266 | [POSTSOVIET-034] 2003 survey compared with 2023 survey | W059–W065 | TRANSITION/RANGE/Z4/I5 | Taimyr Peninsula :: Taimyr wild-reindeer population and survey institutions/ECOLOGICAL_POPULATION_TREND/REGIONAL :: A regional report compares estimates of about 598,000 animals in 2003 and 107,000 in 2023. Methods, causes and uncertainty remain open; the record is a serious warning, not an exact final count. :: ANIMALS; FOOD; ECOLOGY; HUNTING :: ADMINISTRATIVE; MULTI_SOURCE | REPORTED_ESTIMATE/C :: SIB.S101 :: SIB.G266 Taimyr_wild-reindeer_population_and_survey_institutions –TRANSITION_ANIMALS–> POSTSOVIET_034; LOCAL_PERIOD=TAIMYR_WILD_REINDEER_REPORTED_DECLINE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U082; SIB.U037
CA.SIB.000267 | [POSTSOVIET-035] 2023–cutoff | W065–W068 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z5/I5 | Lake Baikal basin :: Lake ecosystem, regulators, industries, tourism and communities/ENVIRONMENTAL_GOVERNANCE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: UNESCO monitoring identifies continuing concern over water quality, development, tourism and legal protection. Heritage recognition supplies a sensor and duty, but repair capacity and enforcement remain contested. :: WATER; HERITAGE; LAW; ENVIRONMENT :: ADMINISTRATIVE; MULTI_SOURCE; SATELLITE | ASSESSED/A :: SIB.S008; SIB.S007 :: SIB.G267 Lake_ecosystem,_regulators,_industries,_tourism_and_communities –CONDITION_WATER–> POSTSOVIET_035; LOCAL_PERIOD=LAKE_BAIKAL_CONSERVATION_PRESSURE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U081
CA.SIB.000268 | [POSTSOVIET-036] October 2024–September 2025 | W066–W067 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z5/I5 | Arctic including northern Siberia :: Observed Arctic climate system/CLIMATE_STATE/PLANETARY :: The NOAA Arctic Report Card identifies the warmest Arctic year in the instrumental series beginning in 1900. Regional station patterns and downstream impacts remain separately measured. :: CLIMATE; CRYOSPHERE; HAZARD :: MULTI_SOURCE; SATELLITE | MEASURED/A :: SIB.S009; SIB.S010 :: SIB.G268 Observed_Arctic_climate_system –CONDITION_CLIMATE–> POSTSOVIET_036; LOCAL_PERIOD=ARCTIC_WARMEST_RECORDED_YEAR; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U004; SIB.U079
CA.SIB.000269 | [POSTSOVIET-037] 2025 calendar year | W067 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Eastern Siberia–China pipeline :: Gazprom and Power of Siberia system/ENERGY_FLOW_STATE/INTERREGIONAL :: Gazprom reports 38.8 billion cubic metres delivered to China in 2025. The figure remains an attributed company report and does not measure all social or ecological costs of the system. :: ENERGY; TRADE; DATA_PROVENANCE :: ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; DIGITAL | ATTRIBUTED_COMPANY_FIGURE/B :: SIB.S103 :: SIB.G269 Gazprom_and_Power_of_Siberia_system –CONDITION_ENERGY–> POSTSOVIET_037; LOCAL_PERIOD=POWER_OF_SIBERIA_2025_REPORTED_FLOW; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U076
CA.SIB.000270 | [POSTSOVIET-038] December 2025–cutoff | W067–W068 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z5/I5 | Russian Federation and Siberian communities :: Indigenous activists, investigators, courts and rights observers/LEGAL_RIGHTS_FIELD/REGIONAL :: Rights reporting describes intensified legal pressure and specific detentions. Each case must keep arrest, allegation, defence, court finding and external assessment in separate layers. :: RIGHTS; LAW; CIVIL_SOCIETY; CLAIM_STATUS :: LEGAL; TESTIMONIAL; DIGITAL | ATTRIBUTED_MULTI_SOURCE/C :: SIB.S096 :: SIB.G270 Indigenous_activists,_investigators,_courts_and_rights_observers –CONDITION_RIGHTS–> POSTSOVIET_038; LOCAL_PERIOD=INDIGENOUS_ACTIVIST_CASES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U087; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000271 | [POSTSOVIET-039] 2026 publication; ancient life c.110 ka | W068 | EVENT/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Research and public evidence network :: Massilani et al. PNAS study/EPISTEMIC_EVENT/PLANETARY :: Publication adds a high-coverage ancient genome to the evidence field. It changes present knowledge while the individual’s life remains in the Pleistocene record. :: EVIDENCE; GENOMICS; ARCHIVE :: DIGITAL; GENETIC | PUBLISHED_PEER_REVIEW/A :: SIB.S022 :: SIB.G271 Massilani_et_al._PNAS_study –EVENT_EVIDENCE–> POSTSOVIET_039; LOCAL_PERIOD=ALTAI_NEANDERTHAL_GENOME_PUBLICATION; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U010; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000272 | [POSTSOVIET-040] 20 May 2026 | W068 | EVENT/EXACT/Z6/I5 | Russia–Mongolia–China proposed route :: Russian and Chinese governments, Gazprom and proposed pipeline/POLITICAL_PLAN_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: Reuters reports a Kremlin statement that a general understanding exists on route and construction. No price, timetable or final build contract is evidenced in that report, so no operating or under-construction capacity is created. :: ENERGY; DIPLOMACY; FUTURE_BOUNDARY :: DIGITAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | ATTRIBUTED_OFFICIAL_STATEMENT/B :: SIB.S104 :: SIB.G272 Russian_and_Chinese_governments,_Gazprom_and_proposed_pipeline –EVENT_ENERGY–> POSTSOVIET_040; LOCAL_PERIOD=POWER_OF_SIBERIA_2_UNDERSTANDING_REPORTED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U077; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000273 | [POSTSOVIET-041] First half of 2026 through 30 June | W068 | CONDITION/RANGE/Z5/I5 | Siberian fire-observation region :: Wildfires and CAMS satellite/model system/OBSERVED_ENVIRONMENTAL_STATE/REGIONAL :: At the end of June, CAMS reports Siberian fire emissions near the seasonal average within a globally low first half. This incomplete-season observation does not exclude local emergencies or determine the full-year outcome. :: FIRE; AIR; CLIMATE; SENSOR :: SATELLITE; MULTI_SOURCE | MEASURED_MODELLED/A :: SIB.S011 :: SIB.G273 Wildfires_and_CAMS_satellite/model_system –CONDITION_FIRE–> POSTSOVIET_041; LOCAL_PERIOD=SIBERIAN_FIRE_EMISSIONS_NEAR_SEASONAL_AVERAGE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U078; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000274 | [POSTSOVIET-042] 2026 publication | W068 | EVENT/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Scientific evidence network :: Fire–permafrost research community/EPISTEMIC_EVENT/PLANETARY :: A 2026 synthesis reports wildfire destabilization of permafrost critical zones and estimates additional annual carbon release over 1997–2023. Model, period and uncertainty travel with the claim. :: EVIDENCE; FIRE; PERMAFROST; CARBON :: DIGITAL; MULTI_SOURCE | PUBLISHED_PEER_REVIEW/A :: SIB.S012 :: SIB.G274 Fire–permafrost_research_community –EVENT_EVIDENCE–> POSTSOVIET_042; LOCAL_PERIOD=FIRE_PERMAFROST_REVIEW_PUBLISHED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U079; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000275 | [POSTSOVIET-043] 2026 publication | W068 | EVENT/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Scientific evidence network :: ESA-supported researchers/EPISTEMIC_EVENT/PLANETARY :: Remote-sensing and modelling work summarized by ESA estimates peat fires account for roughly one third of regional fire carbon in its defined analysis. The fraction is not generalized beyond its dataset. :: EVIDENCE; FIRE; PEAT; CARBON :: SATELLITE; MULTI_SOURCE; DIGITAL | PUBLISHED_MODEL_RESULT/B :: SIB.S013 :: SIB.G275 ESA-supported_researchers –EVENT_EVIDENCE–> POSTSOVIET_043; LOCAL_PERIOD=SIBERIAN_PEAT_FIRE_ESTIMATE_PUBLISHED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U080; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000276 | [POSTSOVIET-044] 6 July 2026 | W068 | EVENT/EXACT/Z6/I5 | Omsk refinery :: Ukrainian attack claim, Russian local authorities and refinery system/WAR_INFRASTRUCTURE_EVENT/LOCAL :: Reuters reports Ukrainian drones struck the refinery and local authorities confirmed a fire. Full damage and production effect remained incomplete; the event is attributed and observed in separate clauses. :: WAR; ENERGY; FIRE; CLAIM_STATUS :: DIGITAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; PHOTOGRAPHIC | ATTRIBUTED_AND_PARTLY_OBSERVED/B :: SIB.S106; SIB.S107 :: SIB.G276 Ukrainian_attack_claim,_Russian_local_authorities_and_refinery_system –EVENT_WAR–> POSTSOVIET_044; LOCAL_PERIOD=OMSK_REFINERY_STRIKE_AND_FIRE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U085; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000277 | [POSTSOVIET-045] 21 July 2026 | W068 | EVENT/EXACT/Z6/I5 | Siberian refineries and westbound logistics :: Russian fuel suppliers, rail/logistics networks and consuming regions/ENERGY_ALLOCATION_EVENT/INTERREGIONAL :: Reuters reports Siberian fuel being redirected to shield Moscow from shortages. The flow makes core–edge allocation visible but is not assumed permanent beyond the dated response. :: ENERGY; TRANSPORT; WAR; ALLOCATION :: DIGITAL; ECONOMIC | REPORTED_MULTI_SOURCE/B :: SIB.S108 :: SIB.G277 Russian_fuel_suppliers,_rail/logistics_networks_and_consuming_regions –EVENT_ENERGY–> POSTSOVIET_045; LOCAL_PERIOD=SIBERIAN_FUEL_REROUTING_REPORTED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U086; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000278 | [POSTSOVIET-046] 25 July 2026 | W068 | EVENT/EXACT/Z6/I5 | Tyumen refinery region :: Refinery, emergency services and reported drone incident/WAR_INFRASTRUCTURE_EVENT/LOCAL :: Contemporary reporting describes a fire after a drone incident and subsequent extinguishment. Attribution and damage remain time-stamped rather than converted into a lasting production state. :: WAR; ENERGY; FIRE; CLAIM_STATUS :: DIGITAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | ATTRIBUTED_AND_PARTLY_OBSERVED/C :: SIB.S107 :: SIB.G278 Refinery,_emergency_services_and_reported_drone_incident –EVENT_WAR–> POSTSOVIET_046; LOCAL_PERIOD=TYUMEN_REFINERY_FIRE_REPORTED; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U085; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000279 | [POSTSOVIET-047] 24 February 2026 dataset state | W068 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z6/I5 | Russian regions including Tuva, Buryatia, Zabaykalsky and Altai Republic :: Named military-death dataset and regional populations/DEMOGRAPHIC_WAR_DATASET/REGIONAL :: Mediazona/BBC Russian report high per-capita confirmed named losses in several Siberian regions. The dataset is a lower bound, continuously revised and not proof of ethnic causation. :: WAR; DEMOGRAPHY; INEQUALITY; DATA :: DIGITAL | MEASURED_LOWER_BOUND/B :: SIB.S109 :: SIB.G279 Named_military-death_dataset_and_regional_populations –CONDITION_WAR–> POSTSOVIET_047; LOCAL_PERIOD=REGIONAL_NAMED_WAR_LOSS_RATES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U083; SIB.U084; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000280 | [POSTSOVIET-048] 17 July 2026 dataset state | W068 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z6/I5 | Russian regions including Object 19 :: Mediazona/BBC Russian named-death database/DEMOGRAPHIC_WAR_DATASET/INTERREGIONAL :: The updated database extends the named lower bound. Record identity, date and regional attribution remain more defensible than any extrapolated complete total. :: WAR; DEMOGRAPHY; DATA; MEMORY :: DIGITAL | MEASURED_LOWER_BOUND/B :: SIB.S110 :: SIB.G280 Mediazona/BBC_Russian_named-death_database –CONDITION_WAR–> POSTSOVIET_048; LOCAL_PERIOD=UPDATED_NAMED_WAR_LOSSES; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U083; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000281 | [POSTSOVIET-049] 2026 cutoff | W068 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Object 19 within Russian Federation :: Republics, krais, oblasts, autonomous okrugs and federal institutions/ADMINISTRATIVE_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Formal federal-subject and municipal jurisdictions constitute the legal surface at the cutoff. They do not automatically encode Indigenous territorial ownership, ecological reach, local consent or equal service capability. :: POLITY; LAW; TERRITORY; CONTROL_GEOMETRY :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE | DOCUMENTED/A :: SIB.S112; SIB.S091 :: SIB.G281 Republics,_krais,_oblasts,_autonomous_okrugs_and_federal_institutions –CONDITION_POLITY–> POSTSOVIET_049; LOCAL_PERIOD=FEDERAL_ADMINISTRATIVE_SURFACE_AT_CUTOFF; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U057; SIB.U068; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000282 | [POSTSOVIET-050] 2026 cutoff | W068 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Object 19 communities and institutions :: Indigenous peoples, organizations and Russian state institutions/RIGHTS_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Constitutional and statutory guarantees coexist with reported constraints on land, representation, association and remedy. The live state is neither “no rights” nor “rights secured”; it is a versioned implementation gap. :: RIGHTS; LAW; LAND; REPRESENTATION :: LEGAL; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL | ASSESSED_MULTI_SOURCE/B :: SIB.S096; SIB.S095; SIB.S092; SIB.S094 :: SIB.G282 Indigenous_peoples,_organizations_and_Russian_state_institutions –CONDITION_RIGHTS–> POSTSOVIET_050; LOCAL_PERIOD=INDIGENOUS_RIGHTS_STATE_AT_CUTOFF; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U068; SIB.U087; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000283 | [POSTSOVIET-051] 2026 cutoff | W068 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Siberian language communities :: Families, teachers, cultural institutions and digital networks/LANGUAGE_ECOLOGY/REGIONAL :: Many languages remain endangered, some severely, while community-led teaching and digital work create repair routes. No aggregate speaker number substitutes for intergenerational transfer and daily domains. :: LANGUAGE; EDUCATION; MEMORY; REPAIR :: LINGUISTIC; DEMOGRAPHIC; TESTIMONIAL; DIGITAL | ASSESSED_MULTI_SOURCE/B :: SIB.S097; SIB.S098; SIB.S099; SIB.S100 :: SIB.G283 Families,_teachers,_cultural_institutions_and_digital_networks –CONDITION_LANGUAGE–> POSTSOVIET_051; LOCAL_PERIOD=LANGUAGE_TRANSMISSION_STATE_AT_CUTOFF; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U074; SIB.U075; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000284 | [POSTSOVIET-052] 2026 cutoff | W068 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Yamal, Taimyr, taiga and northeast Siberia :: Wild herds, domestic herds, hunters, herders and governing institutions/MULTISPECIES_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Living systems range from wild-reindeer hunting to small-herd transport and large-herd pastoralism. Climate, land access, markets, predation, hunting and infrastructure create different pressure fields; no single health rating fits all. :: ANIMALS; FOOD; MOBILITY; LAND :: MULTI_SOURCE; ADMINISTRATIVE; TESTIMONIAL; GENETIC | ASSESSED_MULTI_SOURCE/B :: SIB.S055; SIB.S056; SIB.S057; SIB.S101 :: SIB.G284 Wild_herds,_domestic_herds,_hunters,_herders_and_governing_institutions –CONDITION_ANIMALS–> POSTSOVIET_052; LOCAL_PERIOD=REINDEER_SYSTEMS_AT_CUTOFF; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U037; SIB.U082; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000285 | [POSTSOVIET-053] 2026 cutoff | W068 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z5/I5 | West and eastern Siberian oil/gas provinces and pipelines :: State, firms, workers, consuming regions and affected ecosystems/ENERGY_SYSTEM/INTERREGIONAL :: Oil, gas, refining and pipelines remain major fiscal and geopolitical infrastructure. Power of Siberia 1 operates; Power of Siberia 2 remains a proposed/negotiated project in cited evidence; war damage and rerouting expose resilience limits. :: ENERGY; ECONOMY; WAR; DEPENDENCY :: ECONOMIC; ADMINISTRATIVE; DIGITAL; MULTI_SOURCE | ASSESSED_MULTI_SOURCE/B :: SIB.S103; SIB.S104; SIB.S107; SIB.S108 :: SIB.G285 State,_firms,_workers,_consuming_regions_and_affected_ecosystems –CONDITION_ENERGY–> POSTSOVIET_053; LOCAL_PERIOD=ENERGY_EXPORT_SYSTEM_AT_CUTOFF; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U076; SIB.U077; SIB.U085; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000286 | [POSTSOVIET-054] 2026 cutoff | W068 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z5/I5 | Northern Siberia and Lake Baikal :: Climate, permafrost, fire and freshwater systems/ECOLOGICAL_SYSTEM/REGIONAL :: Rapid warming and permafrost vulnerability create high structural pressure; first-half 2026 Siberian fire emissions were near seasonal average in CAMS, and Lake Baikal conservation concerns remain active. Different sensors are not collapsed into one alarm score. :: CLIMATE; PERMAFROST; FIRE; WATER :: MULTI_SOURCE; SATELLITE; ADMINISTRATIVE | MEASURED_ASSESSED/A :: SIB.S009; SIB.S011; SIB.S008; SIB.S012 :: SIB.G286 Climate,_permafrost,_fire_and_freshwater_systems –CONDITION_CLIMATE–> POSTSOVIET_054; LOCAL_PERIOD=CRYOSPHERE_FIRE_WATER_STATE_AT_CUTOFF; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U078; SIB.U079; SIB.U081; SIB.U088
CA.SIB.000287 | [POSTSOVIET-055] 29 July 2026 at 17:06:05 SGT | W068 | CONDITION/EXACT/Z6/I5 | Siberia / North Asian Interior analytical object :: Civilisation Atlas Object 19 evidence state/VERSIONED_COORDINATE/REGIONAL :: This release freezes observed history at the stated instant. Later discovery, office change, fire, war event, infrastructure state or legal decision requires a new version; forecasts remain typed as possibilities. :: METHOD; TIME; PROVENANCE; REVISION :: DIGITAL; MULTI_SOURCE | AUDITED/A :: SIB.S001; SIB.S002; SIB.S003; SIB.S115 :: SIB.G287 Civilisation_Atlas_Object_19_evidence_state –CONDITION_METHOD–> POSTSOVIET_055; LOCAL_PERIOD=OBJECT_19_RETRIEVAL_FREEZE; UNCERTAINTY=SIB.U088

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6. LONGITUDINAL SYSTEM TRACKS
===============================================================================
A track follows a function and its carriers across changing hosts. It does
not assert that the hosts share one identity or institution. Every track ends
with dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair, because persistence without those
fields is only narrative continuity.

SIB.T001 | RIVERS AS CHANGING INFRASTRUCTURE
INHERITED CONDITION: North-flowing basins, freeze–thaw and portages.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Boat, ice road, fort, steamer, rail bridge, dam and pipeline crossings alter reach.
HOST MIGRATION: Local route experts to tribute posts to imperial transport to ministries and firms.
CAPABILITY: Seasonal food, movement, exchange and administration.
DEPENDENCY: Ice safety, water quality, skill, maintenance and local access.
RECEIVER: Households, traders, states, cities and export markets.
NOBODY: Fish habitat, downstream settlements and mobile users excluded by a line project.
REPAIR ROUTE: Couple hydrological sensors, community access rights and infrastructure maintenance budgets.

SIB.T002 | LAKE BAIKAL AS ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL FLOOR
INHERITED CONDITION: Ancient rift lake and endemic ecosystem.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Hunter-fisher settlement, ritual, transport, industry, tourism and heritage governance accumulate.
HOST MIGRATION: Local communities to imperial science to Soviet industry to shared heritage institutions.
CAPABILITY: Food, water, knowledge, transport and planetary scientific value.
DEPENDENCY: Water quality, tributaries, shoreline access, regulation and public trust.
RECEIVER: Residents, industries, visitors, researchers and global heritage public.
NOBODY: Endemic species, unrepresented future users and communities bearing pollution without decision power.
REPAIR ROUTE: Public sensor data, enforceable basin rules, community participation and funded cleanup.

SIB.T003 | PERMAFROST AS ARCHIVE AND LOAD-BEARING FLOOR
INHERITED CONDITION: Ice-rich ground, yedoma carbon and seasonal active layer.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Roads, buildings, pipelines, fire and warming convert frozen stability into maintenance debt.
HOST MIGRATION: Natural substrate to engineering assumption to monitored hazard system.
CAPABILITY: Preservation, travel surface and stable foundations under historic climate.
DEPENDENCY: Temperature, snow, drainage, fire, design standard and repair capacity.
RECEIVER: Settlements, extractive systems, science and global climate system.
NOBODY: Future residents and ecosystems inheriting thawed ground and released carbon.
REPAIR ROUTE: Independent monitoring, adaptive engineering, managed retreat options and carbon/fire prevention.

SIB.T004 | HUNTER-FISHER CAPABILITY
INHERITED CONDITION: Rivers, lakes, fish runs and seasonal aggregation.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Hooks, nets, boats, weirs, storage, markets and regulation recompose harvest.
HOST MIGRATION: Households and camp networks to tribute/trade to collectives and licensing systems.
CAPABILITY: Food security, mobility, exchange and cultural transmission.
DEPENDENCY: Healthy stocks, access, equipment, teaching and equitable allocation.
RECEIVER: Local households, towns, merchants and states.
NOBODY: Spawning populations and subsistence users displaced by commercial allocation.
REPAIR ROUTE: Co-managed quotas, habitat protection, local sensors and intergenerational teaching.

SIB.T005 | HUMAN–DOG INFRASTRUCTURE
INHERITED CONDITION: Late Pleistocene social relations and Arctic-adapted lineages.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Hunting, hauling, sled transport, settlement and motorization change roles.
HOST MIGRATION: Households to expedition teams to state transport to living local practice.
CAPABILITY: Mobility, hunting, protection and companionship.
DEPENDENCY: Food, breeding, training, care and route knowledge.
RECEIVER: Mobile households, traders, explorers and administrations.
NOBODY: Dogs bearing labour or neglect without representation.
REPAIR ROUTE: Animal-welfare floor, community-controlled breeding and skill transmission.

SIB.T006 | WILD-REINDEER SYSTEMS
INHERITED CONDITION: Migratory herds and tundra–taiga forage.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Hunting, market demand, roads, climate and management alter abundance and access.
HOST MIGRATION: Herd ecology to community hunting to state survey and licensing.
CAPABILITY: Food, clothing, material and seasonal orientation.
DEPENDENCY: Migration corridors, calving grounds, forage, restraint and credible counts.
RECEIVER: Hunters, communities, markets and ecosystems.
NOBODY: Future herds and nonhuman ecological relations.
REPAIR ROUTE: Transparent surveys, corridor protection, community governance and bounded harvest.

SIB.T007 | DOMESTIC-REINDEER SYSTEMS
INHERITED CONDITION: Polycentric taming, transport and herd relations.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Household skill, large-herd pastoralism, collectives, state farms and mixed markets.
HOST MIGRATION: Families and animals to collectives/state farms to private, community and hybrid hosts.
CAPABILITY: Transport, food, income, identity and landscape knowledge.
DEPENDENCY: Pasture, mobility, animal health, labour, land rights and teaching.
RECEIVER: Herders, households, towns, firms and states.
NOBODY: Herders without secure land, animals under production targets and communities excluded from licensing.
REPAIR ROUTE: Mobile services, land-route protection, veterinary support and community authority.

SIB.T008 | SUBARCTIC HORSE AND CATTLE PASTORALISM
INHERITED CONDITION: Southern pastoral knowledge and middle-Lena alaas ecology.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Sakha formation, haymaking, tribute, collectivization and contemporary farming.
HOST MIGRATION: Clans and households to state/collective farms to mixed enterprises.
CAPABILITY: Food, transport, wealth, ritual and regional settlement.
DEPENDENCY: Meadow health, winter fodder, labour, breeding and land.
RECEIVER: Households, markets, republic institutions and cultural systems.
NOBODY: Lower-status labour, pasture ecosystems and small producers under concentration.
REPAIR ROUTE: Protect meadows, diversify markets and reproduce skilled care.

SIB.T009 | METALLURGICAL CAPABILITY
INHERITED CONDITION: Ore, fuel, craft knowledge and exchange demand.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Bronze networks, iron adoption, mining, smelting and industrial combines scale extraction.
HOST MIGRATION: Mobile craftspeople and households to polities to ministries and corporations.
CAPABILITY: Tools, weapons, infrastructure, export revenue and technical learning.
DEPENDENCY: Ore, energy, labour, safety, water and repair.
RECEIVER: Local users, states and global markets.
NOBODY: Workers, polluted waters and future communities carrying tailings.
REPAIR ROUTE: Full-cost accounting, worker remedy, cleanup bonds and material circularity.

SIB.T010 | FUR EXTRACTION AND EXCHANGE
INHERITED CONDITION: Animal populations and long northern trading relations.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Tribute, merchant markets, imperial finance and changing fashion redirect hunting.
HOST MIGRATION: Households and local exchange to khanate tribute to yasak treasury and merchants.
CAPABILITY: Cold protection, exchange and state revenue.
DEPENDENCY: Healthy populations, hunter skill, bargaining power and restraint.
RECEIVER: Households, imperial treasury, merchants and foreign consumers.
NOBODY: Animals, coerced tributaries and communities absorbing depletion.
REPAIR ROUTE: Ecological thresholds, free exchange, restitution and archive-visible coercion.

SIB.T011 | FORT-TO-SURFACE CONTROL
INHERITED CONDITION: Existing river routes, local guides and political fields.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Expeditions establish points, points connect as lines, lines support claims to surface and stack.
HOST MIGRATION: Cossack detachments to governors, church, courts and ministries.
CAPABILITY: Taxation, defence, trade, settlement and information.
DEPENDENCY: Supply, interpreters, local compliance, health and fiscal support.
RECEIVER: State, settlers, merchants and missions.
NOBODY: Communities mapped as empty or represented only through tribute.
REPAIR ROUTE: Type control geometry, record consent and restore local political histories.

SIB.T012 | TRIBUTE EXTRACTION
INHERITED CONDITION: Pre-existing tribute and exchange relations.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Russian fur tax, hostage enforcement, trade and exemption become a state fiscal system.
HOST MIGRATION: Local leaders and collectors to treasury and merchant circuits.
CAPABILITY: Revenue, diplomatic contact and commodity flow.
DEPENDENCY: Animal stocks, coercive power, records and local mediation.
RECEIVER: Treasury, officials, merchants and consumers.
NOBODY: Hostages, hunters, animals and households carrying collection risk.
REPAIR ROUTE: Named victim/agent records, restitution research and ecological repair.

SIB.T013 | RELIGION AND SCHOOLING
INHERITED CONDITION: Living ritual systems, oral memory and multilingual communities.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Baptism, missions, parishes, anti-religious campaigns and revival move institutional hosts.
HOST MIGRATION: Households and ritual specialists to church/state schools to underground/private memory to renewed institutions.
CAPABILITY: Meaning, care, literacy, community and art.
DEPENDENCY: Freedom, language, teachers, sacred places and noncoercion.
RECEIVER: Believers, institutions, state and heritage public.
NOBODY: Non-converts and suppressed specialists when membership is assumed.
REPAIR ROUTE: Separate formal membership from belief and protect community authority over sacred heritage.

SIB.T014 | RAILWAY LINE AND SETTLEMENT SURFACE
INHERITED CONDITION: River mobility, winter roads and imperial strategic aims.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Trans-Siberian and BAM create high-throughput lines, towns and extractive branches.
HOST MIGRATION: Imperial ministries to Soviet ministries to Russian Railways and freight firms.
CAPABILITY: Movement, markets, settlement, war logistics and public access.
DEPENDENCY: Maintenance, permafrost, labour, affordable service and feeder systems.
RECEIVER: Passengers, firms, state and export markets.
NOBODY: Communities bypassed or displaced and ecosystems fragmented by branches.
REPAIR ROUTE: Service obligations, local crossings, maintenance transparency and land remedy.

SIB.T015 | FORCED MOBILITY AND SETTLEMENT
INHERITED CONDITION: Imperial distance and state coercive capacity.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Convict exile, special settlements, Gulag and post-release residence restrictions build places.
HOST MIGRATION: Imperial penal administration to Soviet security ministries to memorial institutions.
CAPABILITY: State labour and settlement capability; survivor communities and knowledge.
DEPENDENCY: Coercion, transport, food, care and archive access.
RECEIVER: States and industries; later families and public memory.
NOBODY: Prisoners, deportees, children and unrecorded deaths.
REPAIR ROUTE: Named records, open archives, site protection, restitution and survivor-led memory.

SIB.T016 | HYDROPOWER AND RIVER TRANSFORMATION
INHERITED CONDITION: Large rivers, elevation and industrial demand.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Dams convert flow into electricity and reservoirs, moving settlements and ecosystems.
HOST MIGRATION: State planning ministries to grid operators and regional governments.
CAPABILITY: Electricity, flood management, industry and urban supply.
DEPENDENCY: Dam safety, sediment, fisheries, resettlement justice and grid maintenance.
RECEIVER: Cities, aluminium, state and connected grids.
NOBODY: Flooded communities, downstream users and nonhuman river systems.
REPAIR ROUTE: Lifecycle audits, fish/water restoration, resettlement remedy and transparent safety sensors.

SIB.T017 | HYDROCARBON FRONTIER
INHERITED CONDITION: West Siberian basin and eastern gas fields.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Discovery, boomtowns, pipelines, privatization and China-facing routes change host and destination.
HOST MIGRATION: Soviet ministries to mixed corporate/state firms and international contracts.
CAPABILITY: Fiscal revenue, heat, mobility, industry and geopolitical leverage.
DEPENDENCY: Reservoirs, pipeline integrity, labour, permafrost, consent and markets.
RECEIVER: Federal budget, companies, consumers and foreign partners.
NOBODY: Local waters, Indigenous land users, future climate and mono-towns.
REPAIR ROUTE: Independent spill sensors, land consent, diversification and funded closure liabilities.

SIB.T018 | ARCTIC SHIPPING AND SUPPLY
INHERITED CONDITION: Seasonal seas, river mouths and Indigenous coastal knowledge.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Expeditions, Soviet administration, icebreakers and commercial ambitions expand a line.
HOST MIGRATION: Local routes to imperial science to Glavsevmorput to state-corporate operators.
CAPABILITY: Supply, shipping, research and strategic reach.
DEPENDENCY: Ice, ports, rescue, forecasting, labour and ecosystem safeguards.
RECEIVER: Remote settlements, state, firms and global shippers.
NOBODY: Coastal communities and marine systems bearing risk without allocation power.
REPAIR ROUTE: Co-governance, transparent traffic/emission data and rescue/cleanup capacity.

SIB.T019 | LANGUAGE ECOLOGY AND MEDIA
INHERITED CONDITION: Household transmission and multilingual exchange.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Mission schools, alphabets, Soviet schooling, Russian dominance and digital repair move domains.
HOST MIGRATION: Families and camps to schools/print to broadcast/urban institutions to community digital networks.
CAPABILITY: Memory, law, art, teaching and political participation.
DEPENDENCY: Daily use, teachers, prestige, funding, fonts and community authority.
RECEIVER: Speakers, children, institutions, researchers and platforms.
NOBODY: Children offered symbolic content without fluent teaching; communities losing data control.
REPAIR ROUTE: Fund immersion, teacher pipelines, community archives and measured intergenerational use.

SIB.T020 | STATE CATEGORIES AND IDENTITY
INHERITED CONDITION: Living self-identification and relational peoples.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Imperial categories, Soviet nationalities, census fields and current legal thresholds standardize visibility.
HOST MIGRATION: Local self-names to administrators/ethnographers to census/legal databases.
CAPABILITY: Rights routing, data, schools and representation.
DEPENDENCY: Accurate self-identification, revision, privacy and non-exclusion.
RECEIVER: States, researchers, services and communities.
NOBODY: People above/below thresholds, mixed identities and those refusing categories.
REPAIR ROUTE: Community-controlled definitions, versioned datasets and rights not dependent on numerical disappearance.

SIB.T021 | KNOWLEDGE EXTRACTION AND RETURN
INHERITED CONDITION: Local ecological and route knowledge plus material archives.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Expeditions, museums, genetics, satellites and digital databases expand observation.
HOST MIGRATION: Communities and landscapes to imperial/Soviet institutes to global research networks.
CAPABILITY: Prediction, history, health, conservation and education.
DEPENDENCY: Consent, provenance, access, methods, long-term curation and return.
RECEIVER: Researchers, states, global public and source communities.
NOBODY: Sampled persons, descendant communities and local scholars excluded from interpretation.
REPAIR ROUTE: Consent, co-authorship, data governance, repatriation and locally usable outputs.

SIB.T022 | WAR AND REGIONAL LOAD
INHERITED CONDITION: Rail, energy, population and fiscal systems.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Civil war, world war and the post-2022 war redirect people and goods.
HOST MIGRATION: Armies and state agencies to households, employers, hospitals and memorial databases.
CAPABILITY: Defence and state survival claims.
DEPENDENCY: People, logistics, truthful data, care and political accountability.
RECEIVER: Central state, military institutions and protected populations.
NOBODY: Recruits, families and poorer regions bearing unequal loss.
REPAIR ROUTE: Transparent casualty records, care, lawful accountability and noncoercive opportunity.

SIB.T023 | HERITAGE RIGHTS STACK
INHERITED CONDITION: Sites, landscapes, ancestors, objects and living practices.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Collection, museumisation, inscription and tourism redistribute custody and voice.
HOST MIGRATION: Communities and ritual hosts to state museums to international heritage institutions.
CAPABILITY: Memory, research, education and tourism.
DEPENDENCY: Provenance, conservation, access, consent and ritual authority.
RECEIVER: Communities, museums, scholars, visitors and states.
NOBODY: Descendants and living practitioners when title substitutes for authority.
REPAIR ROUTE: Separate ownership, custody, display, access, claim and ritual rights; create appeal routes.

SIB.T024 | REPAIR CAPABILITY ACROSS LOWER FLOORS
INHERITED CONDITION: Accumulated ecological, human and institutional debt.
TRANSFORMATIONS: Monitoring, law, public memory and technical works attempt but often fragment repair.
HOST MIGRATION: Households and local institutions to states, firms, courts, science and international bodies.
CAPABILITY: Detect, stop, compensate, restore and learn.
DEPENDENCY: Trusted sensors, responsible owner, funding, time, verification and appeal.
RECEIVER: Affected people, ecosystems, institutions and future generations.
NOBODY: Uncounted persons or systems outside eligibility and measurement.
REPAIR ROUTE: Use the V3.2 repair map and require RepairRate at least DriftRate.

6.1 TRACK COMBINATION RULE

Tracks may meet at a dated record, but they do not merge permanently. For
example, reindeer pastoralism may meet a pipeline at a migration crossing,
language education may meet a boarding school at a child’s placement, and
permafrost may meet rail at a failing embankment. The junction creates a local
transformation node. The complete histories remain independently addressable.

6.2 HOST-MIGRATION TEST

For every claimed continuity:

FUNCTION → OLD HOST → CARRIER → TRANSFER INTERVAL → NEW HOST
→ COMPRESSION LOSS → MAINTENANCE OWNER → FAILURE/RETURN PATH.

If the carrier or teaching process is unknown, continuity is INFERRED rather
than encoded as descent.

===============================================================================
7. RELATIONSHIP GRAPH CONTRACT
===============================================================================

7.1 EDGE SCHEMA

EDGE_ID
SOURCE_NODE
RELATION_TYPE
TARGET_NODE
INTERVAL
DIRECTION
CONTROL_GEOMETRY
COERCION
CARRIER
EVIDENCE / CONFIDENCE
RETURNED_CONSEQUENCE

Permitted core relations include:

No generic arrow is permitted in a derivative graph. The readable table below
uses active verbs while retaining a typed relation column.

EDGE	SOURCE	RELATION	TARGET	INTERVAL	GEOMETRY	COERCION	CARRIER	EVIDENCE	RETURN
SIB.G.E001	SIBERIAN_CRATON	CONSTRAINS	RIVER_BASIN_AND_MINERAL_FIELD	DEEP_TIME_TO_PRESENT	SURFACE	UNKNOWN	rock, relief and ore	GEOLOGICAL/A	Extraction and settlement inherit geological opportunity and hazard
SIB.G.E002	BAIKAL_RIFT	ENABLES	LAKE_BAIKAL_ECOLOGICAL_FLOOR	CENOZOIC_TO_PRESENT	SURFACE	UNKNOWN	rift basin and water	GEOLOGICAL/A	Water capability returns as seismic and conservation dependency
SIB.G.E003	GLACIAL_CYCLES	CONSTRAIN	HUMAN_OCCUPATION_WINDOWS	PLEISTOCENE	SURFACE	UNKNOWN	temperature, water, prey and habitat	PALEOENVIRONMENTAL/B	Occupation contracts, shifts or recomposes
SIB.G.E004	BERINGIA	ROUTES_TO	NORTH_AMERICAN_ARCTIC_SUBARCTIC	PLEISTOCENE_HOLOCENE	SURFACE	UNKNOWN	people, animals, plants and knowledge	MULTI_SOURCE/B	Object 50 owns destination histories
SIB.G.E005	DENISOVAN_RELATED_PEOPLE	INTERACT_WITH	NEANDERTHAL_RELATED_PEOPLE	c.90_KA_AND_OTHER_INTERVALS	NETWORK	CONSENSUAL	persons and reproduction	GENETIC/A	Ancestry enters later persons without one culture succession
SIB.G.E006	UST_ISHIM_PERSON	INHERITS_FROM	EARLIER_MODERN_AND_NEANDERTHAL_ANCESTRIES	c.45_KA	NETWORK	UNKNOWN	genome and kinship	GENETIC/A	One life constrains demographic models
SIB.G.E007	YANA_COMMUNITIES	ENABLED_BY	COLD_ADAPTATION_CAPABILITY_STACK	c.32_KA	NETWORK	NEGOTIATED	clothing, tools, food and knowledge	ARCHAEOLOGICAL/A	High-latitude life creates maintenance and care dependencies
SIB.G.E008	MALTA_CHILD	INFORMS	ANCIENT_NORTH_EURASIAN_MODEL	c.24_KA_AND_2014_PUBLICATION	NETWORK	UNKNOWN	sampled genome	GENETIC/A	Modern identity claims are blocked
SIB.G.E009	UST_KYAKHTA_3	CONNECTS_TO	FIRST_AMERICAN_ANCESTRY_MODELS	c.14_KA_AND_2020_PUBLICATION	NETWORK	UNKNOWN	sampled genome	GENETIC/A	Connection does not transfer cultural identity
SIB.G.E010	RIVER_LAKE_FLOOR	ENABLES	HUNTER_FISHER_SYSTEMS	HOLOCENE	NETWORK	NEGOTIATED	fish, water, ice, boats and route knowledge	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Overharvest or pollution returns as food and mobility loss
SIB.G.E011	EARLY_POTTERY	HOSTED_BY	MOBILE_FORAGER_SYSTEMS	EARLY_HOLOCENE	NETWORK	NEGOTIATED	clay, firing skill and containers	ARCHAEOLOGICAL/B	Pottery cannot be used as farming proxy
SIB.G.E012	DOG_RELATIONS	ENABLE	ARCTIC_MOBILITY	EARLY_HOLOCENE_TO_PRESENT	NETWORK	NEGOTIATED	animals, feeding, breeding and training	GENETIC/A	Mobility depends on animal care
SIB.G.E013	KITOI_CEMETERIES	OBSERVED_BY	BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL_SENSOR	c.5200_4200_BCE	POINT	UNKNOWN	burials, isotopes and genomes	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Selection bias limits whole-population inference
SIB.G.E014	BAIKAL_PLAGUE	TRANSFORMS	SAMPLED_HUNTER_GATHERER_FAMILIES	c.3500_BCE	NETWORK	VIOLENT	pathogen and human contact	GENETIC/A	Demographic consequence remains open
SIB.G.E015	YAKUTIA_LNBA_ANCESTRY	ASSOCIATED_WITH	URALIC_LANGUAGE_HISTORY_MODEL	c.4000_YEARS_AGO	NETWORK	UNKNOWN	sampled ancestry distribution	GENETIC_LINGUISTIC/B	Association cannot become speech proof
SIB.G.E016	CIS_BAIKAL_LNBA_ANCESTRY	ASSOCIATED_WITH	YENISEIAN_LANGUAGE_HISTORY_MODEL	LNBA_TO_PRESENT_COMPARISON	NETWORK	UNKNOWN	sampled ancestry distribution	GENETIC_LINGUISTIC/B	Association cannot become ethnic ownership
SIB.G.E017	SEIMA_TURBINO_SKILL	MIGRATES_BETWEEN	LOCAL_METAL_HOSTS	c.2200_1900_BCE	NETWORK	MIXED	objects, craftspeople and teaching	ARCHAEOLOGICAL/A	Objects may outrun production knowledge
SIB.G.E018	HORSE_MOBILITY	ENABLES	SOUTHERN_POLITICAL_REACH	FIRST_MILLENNIUM_BCE_CE	NETWORK	MIXED	animals, tack, pasture and riders	ARCHAEOLOGICAL/B	Pasture and fodder remain lower floors
SIB.G.E019	TURKIC_POLITICAL_NETWORKS	TRANSFORM	ALTAI_SAYAN_RELATIONS	SIXTH_CENTURY_ONWARD	NETWORK	MIXED	titles, armies, languages and alliances	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Language and polity clocks diverge
SIB.G.E020	MONGOL_EMPIRE	EXTRACTS_FROM	FOREST_TRIBUTE_NETWORKS	THIRTEENTH_CENTURY	NETWORK	EXTRACTIVE	furs, service and census relations	TEXTUAL/B	Local autonomy and mobility continue unevenly
SIB.G.E021	SAKHA_FORMATION	MATERIAL_DERIVED_FROM	SOUTHERN_AND_LOCAL_RELATIONS	c.1200_1500	NETWORK	NEGOTIATED	people, language, herds and skills	MULTI_SOURCE/B	No pure migration lineage
SIB.G.E022	WILD_REINDEER	ENABLES	HUNTING_SYSTEMS	LONG_DURATION	NETWORK	NEGOTIATED	herds, migration routes and knowledge	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Overuse and corridor loss return to households
SIB.G.E023	DOMESTIC_REINDEER	HOSTED_BY	MULTIPLE_PASTORAL_SYSTEMS	FIRST_SECOND_MILLENNIA_CE_TO_PRESENT	NETWORK	NEGOTIATED	animals, care, routes and teaching	MULTI_SOURCE/A	No universal reindeer world
SIB.G.E024	SIBERIAN_KHANATE	INHERITS_FROM	CHINGGISID_AND_REGIONAL_POLITICAL_FIELDS	FOURTEENTH_SIXTEENTH_CENTURIES	NETWORK	MIXED	dynastic legitimacy, tribute and towns	TEXTUAL/B	Russian conquest encounters an existing polity
SIB.G.E025	STROGANOV_CHARTER	CLAIMS	KAMA_URAL_LANDS	1558	SURFACE	ADMINISTRATIVE	legal text and delegated force	LEGAL/A	Paper claim exceeds observed control
SIB.G.E026	YERMAK_FORCE	SEIZES	QASHLIQ	1582	POINT	VIOLENT	armed expedition	TEXTUAL/B	Kuchum resistance exposes low surface control
SIB.G.E027	OSTROG_NETWORK	ROUTES_TO	EASTWARD_EXPANSION	SIXTEENTH_EIGHTEENTH_CENTURIES	LINE	VIOLENT	garrisons, boats and portages	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Supply cost and local resistance limit reach
SIB.G.E028	YASAK_TREASURY	EXTRACTS_FROM	HUNTERS_AND_ANIMAL_POPULATIONS	SIXTEENTH_EIGHTEENTH_CENTURIES	NETWORK	EXTRACTIVE	furs, collectors and local brokers	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Depletion and coercion return as expansion pressure
SIB.G.E029	AMANAT_SYSTEM	CONSTRAINS	LOCAL_POLITICAL_CHOICE	SIXTEENTH_EIGHTEENTH_CENTURIES	POINT	COERCIVE	hostaged persons and kinship	TEXTUAL/A	Human harm becomes fiscal enforcement
SIB.G.E030	EPIDEMIC_ROUTES	TRANSFORM	INDIGENOUS_COMMUNITIES	SIXTEENTH_NINETEENTH_CENTURIES	NETWORK	UNKNOWN	pathogens and movement	MULTI_SOURCE/B	Loss changes care, defence and transmission
SIB.G.E031	TREATY_OF_NERCHINSK	BOUNDS	QING_RUSSIAN_CLAIMS	1689	LINE	ADMINISTRATIVE	treaty and maps	LEGAL/A	Indigenous territories remain unrepresented
SIB.G.E032	GREAT_NORTHERN_EXPEDITION	OBSERVES_AND_CLAIMS	SIBERIAN_LANDSCAPES	1733_1743	NETWORK	ADMINISTRATIVE	maps, specimens, guides and labour	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Knowledge gain can return as imperial surveillance
SIB.G.E033	SPERANSKY_STATUTE	CLASSIFIES	INDIGENOUS_COMMUNITIES	1822_ONWARD	STACK	ADMINISTRATIVE	law, census and local offices	LEGAL/A	Accommodation and hierarchy coexist
SIB.G.E034	TRANS_SIBERIAN_RAILWAY	ENABLES	MASS_RESETTLEMENT_AND_MARKET_REACH	1891_1916	LINE	ADMINISTRATIVE	rail, labour and state credit	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Land pressure and extraction follow the line
SIB.G.E035	STOLYPIN_RESETTLEMENT	DISPLACES_OR_COMPETES_WITH	MOBILE_AND_LOCAL_LAND_USE	1906_1914	SURFACE	ADMINISTRATIVE	settlers, surveys and credit	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Unmapped use becomes Nobody loss
SIB.G.E036	CIVIL_WAR_ARMIES	CONTROL	RAIL_NODES	1918_1920	LINE	VIOLENT	troops, trains and requisition	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Civilian food and care floors fracture
SIB.G.E037	KORENIZATSIYA	ENABLES_AND_CLASSIFIES	INDIGENOUS_INSTITUTIONS	1920S	STACK	ADMINISTRATIVE	schools, scripts, cadres and territories	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Capability gain increases state legibility
SIB.G.E038	COLLECTIVIZATION	TRANSFERS	HOUSEHOLD_PROPERTY_AND_LABOUR	1929_1930S	STACK	COERCIVE	law, procurement and police	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Food, trust and mobility damage return
SIB.G.E039	BOARDING_SCHOOLS	TRANSFORM	LANGUAGE_AND_CARE_NETWORKS	1930S_1980S	NETWORK	MIXED	children, teachers and curricula	MULTI_SOURCE/B	Literacy gains coexist with separation and language loss
SIB.G.E040	GULAG	BUILDS	INDUSTRIAL_AND_TRANSPORT_CAPACITY	1930S_1950S	STACK	VIOLENT	prisoners, guards and ministries	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Death, trauma and memory debt persist
SIB.G.E041	NORILLAG	BUILDS	NORILSK_METAL_COMPLEX	1935_1956	STACK	VIOLENT	forced labour and engineering	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Pollution and mono-industry return as long debt
SIB.G.E042	BRATSK_DAM	TRANSFORMS	ANGARA_RIVER_AND_SETTLEMENTS	1954_1967	POINT	ADMINISTRATIVE	concrete, turbines, reservoir and resettlement	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Electricity gain returns as inundation and ecological loss
SIB.G.E043	WEST_SIBERIAN_OIL	ENABLES	SOVIET_FISCAL_AND_INDUSTRIAL_CAPACITY	1960S_1991	NETWORK	EXTRACTIVE	wells, towns, pipelines and labour	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Spills and mono-town dependency accumulate
SIB.G.E044	BAM	ROUTES_TO	MINERAL_TIMBER_AND_SETTLEMENT_ZONES	1930S_PRESENT	LINE	MIXED	rail, labour and towns	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Maintenance and unfinished branches create stopping debt
SIB.G.E045	USSR_DISSOLUTION	REHOSTS	INFRASTRUCTURE_AND_LIABILITIES	1991	STACK	ADMINISTRATIVE	law, assets and institutions	LEGAL/A	Capability and debt survive institutional break
SIB.G.E046	LAW_82_FZ	CLAIMS_TO_PROTECT	SMALL_NUMBERED_INDIGENOUS_PEOPLES	1999_PRESENT	STACK	ADMINISTRATIVE	legal category and rights procedures	LEGAL/A	Implementation gap returns as conflict
SIB.G.E047	FIFTY_THOUSAND_THRESHOLD	EXCLUDES_FROM_ROUTE	LARGER_INDIGENOUS_NATIONS	1999_PRESENT	STACK	ADMINISTRATIVE	population category	LEGAL/A	Identity and rights split across legal channels
SIB.G.E048	POWER_OF_SIBERIA_1	ROUTES_TO	CHINESE_GAS_MARKET	2019_PRESENT	LINE	ADMINISTRATIVE	gas, pipeline and contracts	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Export leverage creates maintenance and ecological dependency
SIB.G.E049	POWER_OF_SIBERIA_2_STATEMENT	CLAIMS_FUTURE	PROPOSED_PIPELINE	20_MAY_2026	LINE	ADMINISTRATIVE	political statement and route concept	DIGITAL/B	No built capacity at cutoff
SIB.G.E050	ARCTIC_WARMING	TRANSFORMS	PERMAFROST_FIRE_WATER_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE	PRESENT	SURFACE	UNKNOWN	heat, snow, ice and hydrology	MULTI_SOURCE/A	Maintenance and carbon costs return regionally and globally
SIB.G.E051	WAR_RECRUITMENT	EXTRACTS_FROM	SIBERIAN_REGIONAL_HOUSEHOLDS	2022_CUTOFF	NETWORK	COERCIVE	people, contracts, mobilization and money	MULTI_SOURCE/B	Death, disability and care burden return unevenly
SIB.G.E052	OMSK_STRIKE	DAMAGES_OR_THREATENS	REFINERY_SYSTEM	6_JULY_2026	POINT	VIOLENT	drones, fire and refinery assets	DIGITAL/B	Production effect unresolved at cutoff
SIB.G.E053	FUEL_REROUTING	PRIORITIZES	MOSCOW_SUPPLY	21_JULY_2026	LINE	ADMINISTRATIVE	rail, refinery output and allocation order	DIGITAL/B	Core resilience may shift shortage risk to other receivers
SIB.G.E054	UNESCO_MONITORING	OBSERVES	LAKE_BAIKAL_PROTECTION_SYSTEM	PRESENT	NETWORK	ADMINISTRATIVE	reports, missions and state responses	ADMINISTRATIVE/A	Observation without enforcement may not reach repair rate
SIB.G.E055	COMMUNITY_LANGUAGE_TEACHING	REPAIRS	INTERGENERATIONAL_TRANSMISSION	PRESENT	NETWORK	CONSENSUAL	teachers, families, media and daily use	MULTI_SOURCE/B	Repair fails if symbolic output replaces fluent domains
SIB.G.E056	OBJECT_19_FREEZE	VERSION_LOCKS	CURRENT_CLAIMS	29_JULY_2026	STACK	ADMINISTRATIVE	sources, timestamps and checksums	DIGITAL/A	Later facts route to next release

7.2 GRAPH VALIDITY

An edge is invalid if it:

— assigns a language directly from DNA;
— assigns an ethnonym directly from an archaeological complex;
— treats an imperial charter or modern map as observed lived control;
— omits coercion where bodies, tribute, labour, land or children are compelled;
— treats a publication date as the event date it analyzes;
— or crosses an object boundary without a connector and ownership statement.

7.3 REALITY-CONTINUUM EXPANSION

Every edge can expand into:

SOURCE BEFORE-STATE
→ INHERITED CONDITION
→ PRESSURE / OPPORTUNITY
→ CARRIER AND PROCESS
→ TARGET AFTER-STATE
→ NEW CAPABILITY
→ NEW DEPENDENCY
→ RETURNED CONSEQUENCE
→ REPAIR OR NEXT TRANSFORMATION.

The compact edge table is therefore an address into a fuller state-transition
packet, not a claim that cause is one-dimensional.

===============================================================================
8. CROSS-OBJECT CONNECTOR REGISTER
===============================================================================

A connector allows simultaneous comparison without allowing one regional file
to absorb another. Ownership means responsibility for primary chronology, not
exclusive cultural or moral possession.

CONNECTOR	OBJECT	WINDOW	SHARED SYSTEM	LOCAL OWNER	EXTERNAL OWNER	TRANSFER CONTRACT	UNCERTAINTY
SIB.C001	Object 17 Central Asia / Oxus	W019–W068	Altai–Sayan mobility, metallurgy, 1916 refugees and later transport	Object 19 owns northern mountain/forest consequences	Object 17 owns oasis, steppe-south and Central Asian polity clocks	Exchange only typed skills, persons, goods and pressure; never transfer whole cultures	Altai boundary and mobile range change by interval
SIB.C002	Object 18 Eurasian Steppe	W020–W068	Afanasievo, Andronovo, horse mobility, Turkic, Mongol and forest tribute interfaces	Object 19 owns taiga, Baikal, Yenisei and Siberian receiving systems	Object 18 owns steppe polity and pasture-spine primaries	Use crosswalk windows and network geometry rather than overlapping sovereignty surfaces	Language, ancestry and archaeological cultures have independent dates
SIB.C003	Object 27 China	W029–W068	Xiongnu, Turkic, Mongol, Qing trade, Kyakhta and China-facing energy	Object 19 owns Siberian route and receiver effects	Object 27 owns Chinese polity, market and institutional clocks	Transfer dated trade, treaty, conflict and pipeline edges only	Imperial claims and modern borders cannot be projected backward
SIB.C004	Object 30 Northeast Asian / Manchurian–Amur Frontier	W023–W068	Amur conflict, Nerchinsk, Kamchatka/Okhotsk and eastern pipeline interfaces	Object 19 owns interior route, Yakutia and Transbaikal effects	Object 30 owns Amur, Manchuria and Pacific-facing/coastal spine	Shared records retain dual IDs and an ownership statement	Pacific and inland histories overlap without one natural border
SIB.C005	Object 49 Eastern Europe / Rus / Russia	W036–W068	Muscovite and imperial expansion, Soviet state, Russian Federation and war	Object 19 owns regional receivers, resistance, ecology and local institutions	Object 49 owns metropolitan state formation and western-Russian polity clock	State decisions enter Object 19 as incoming transformations; local consequences return as edges	Avoid treating Siberia as a mere chapter of Russian national history
SIB.C006	Object 50 North American Arctic / Subarctic	W008–W068	Beringia, population connections, dog lineages, Arctic ecology and research	Object 19 owns Asian source-side sites and routes	Object 50 owns American destination populations and local histories	Transfer ancestry and ecology relations without identity ownership	Peopling routes, timing and sample representation remain revised
SIB.C007	Object 26 Tibet / High Asia	W020–W068	Mountain pastoral, Buddhist and Qing/Russian frontier interfaces	Object 19 owns Altai–Sayan and Baikal hosts	Object 26 owns Tibetan plateau systems	Only named institutions, texts and mobile carriers cross	Religious and political reach differ
SIB.C008	Object 20 Indus / Northwest South Asia	W021–W041	Bronze, horse and long-distance exchange interfaces through Inner Asia	Object 19 owns northern material receivers	Object 20 owns Indus and northwest South Asian primary clocks	Do not infer direct contact where the carrier chain is incomplete	Material similarity may have intermediate hosts
SIB.C009	Object 22 Indian Ocean and interregional systems	W041–W068	Fur, tea, metals, hydrocarbons and global commodity destinations	Object 19 owns extraction and inland logistics	Object 22 owns oceanic/global market circulation where relevant	Attach commodity, route, price/period and coercion metadata	Global demand is not a single causal actor
SIB.C010	Object 14 Iranian Plateau / Persia	W023–W068	Steppe-mediated exchange, Mongol networks and modern energy geopolitics	Object 19 owns North Asian route nodes	Object 14 owns Iranian political and Persianate hosts	Use explicit intermediate carriers and crosswalk windows	Similarity is not direct inheritance
SIB.C011	Object 15 Caucasus	W023–W068	Imperial, deportation, war and oil-system relations	Object 19 owns Siberian receiver and infrastructure consequences	Object 15 owns Caucasus origin and local polity clocks	Forced migration requires origin and receiver records with coercion	Victim totals and resettlement outcomes require separate datasets
SIB.C012	Object 11 Mesopotamia	W041–W068	Long-distance commodity and modern hydrocarbon-system comparisons	Object 19 owns extraction and northern infrastructure	Object 11 owns Mesopotamian primary systems	Comparison uses invariant geometry, not claims of direct descent	Parallel extraction loops can be analogous without causal link
SIB.C013	Object 19 internal Baikal zone	W013–W068	Cis-Baikal archaeology, Buryat and Lake ecology clocks	Object 19 core owns local records	No external owner; internal autonomous subclock	Do not let Buryat, Kitoi or UNESCO layers absorb one another	Identity and archive labels remain separate
SIB.C014	Object 19 internal West Siberian zone	W008–W068	Ust’-Ishim, Ob peoples, Sibir polity and oil/gas	Object 19 core owns local records	Shared Ural edge with Object 49	Keep west-east administrative convenience from erasing local clocks	Ural boundary and legal categories are interval-specific
SIB.C015	Object 19 internal Northeast zone	W013–W068	Yana, Zhokhov, Yukaghir, Sakha, Chukchi interfaces and permafrost	Object 19 owns interior and river systems	Object 30 and 50 own coastal/Pacific and American continuations	Transfer only named routes, samples and events	Preservation produces severe visibility bias
SIB.C016	Planet Birth parent	W000–W068	Geological inheritance, climate forcing and Earth-system returns	Object 19 owns local transformations	Planet Birth owns pre-human nested clocks and planetary substrate	Use INHERITED_FROM, CONSTRAINED_BY, ENABLED_BY, MATERIAL_DERIVED_FROM and TRANSFORMED_BY	No human purpose is assigned to geology
SIB.C017	World / Humanity parent	W000–W068	World bands, comparative windows and global capability grammar	Object 19 owns regional high resolution	World parent owns the canonical temporal coordinate	Child may add resolution but may not rewrite parent event state silently	One-day parent–child cutoff delta requires reconciliation
SIB.C018	Future Object 19 release	After W068	Any event after exact freeze	Current file owns observations through freeze only	Next version owns later observations and corrections	Carry stable IDs, supersede claims explicitly and preserve uncertainty history	No forecast or plan becomes observed history by placement

8.1 CONNECTOR STOPPING RULE

A jump stops when:

— the carrier chain becomes unverified;
— scale changes without an explicit aggregation method;
— the external object’s primary clock is required but unavailable;
— a modern border is being used to back-project ownership;
— or compression would erase coercion, local agency or uncertainty.

The reader then routes to the external object rather than inventing a bridge.

===============================================================================
9. CIVILISATION CAT SCAN
===============================================================================
The scan is not a score and not a ranking. Each dimension states a present
cut-off condition, its longitudinal finding, its Receiver/Nobody distribution,
sensor, responsible control and repair threshold.

CAT.01 | FOOD
CUT-OFF STATE: STRESSED_IN_REMOTE_AND_WAR_LOADED_AREAS.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Fish, game, herds, livestock, stores and imported supply repeatedly exchange dominance; export throughput never proves household security.
RECEIVER: Households, settlements, institutions and markets.
NOBODY: Wild populations, low-income households and future users.
SENSOR: Price, nutrition, harvest, herd and access data.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Local, regional and federal food/land authorities plus community institutions.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: No preventable access failure; ecological harvest remains below replacement.

CAT.02 | WATER
CUT-OFF STATE: ADEQUATE_TO_STRESSED.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Abundant surface water coexists with pollution, dam transformation, unsafe local supply and permafrost damage.
RECEIVER: Households, industry, ecosystems and downstream regions.
NOBODY: Endemic species and settlements outside monitoring coverage.
SENSOR: Water quality, flow, ice, fish and illness sensors.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Basin regulators, utilities, firms and regional governments.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Contaminant and service breaches trigger funded action within published time.

CAT.03 | ENERGY
CUT-OFF STATE: STRONG_EXPORT_CAPACITY_UNEQUAL_LOCAL_RESILIENCE.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Hydrocarbon and hydropower systems create planetary reach while remote reliability and closure liabilities remain uneven.
RECEIVER: Federal budget, cities, firms, foreign markets and households.
NOBODY: Extraction-zone communities, future climate and mono-towns.
SENSOR: Production, outage, price, spill, emissions and local-access data.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Energy firms, regulators and governments.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Local essential supply protected; full lifecycle liabilities funded.

CAT.04 | SHELTER
CUT-OFF STATE: STRESSED_BY_REMOTENESS_AND_THAW.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Dwellings move from mobile skilled systems to planned towns and high-maintenance permafrost infrastructure.
RECEIVER: Residents, mobile households, municipalities and employers.
NOBODY: People in failing settlements or unsuitable imposed housing.
SENSOR: Building condition, heat, crowding, thaw and relocation-choice data.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Municipalities, employers and housing agencies.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Safe heat and structure with voluntary mobility/relocation options.

CAT.05 | HEALTH
CUT-OFF STATE: STRESSED_AND_UNEQUAL.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Epidemics, camps, industrial exposure, remoteness and modern services create a strongly uneven health history.
RECEIVER: Persons, families, health systems and employers.
NOBODY: Remote residents, prisoners, migrants and uncounted historical victims.
SENSOR: Morbidity, access time, exposure, mortality and patient-report sensors.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Health authorities, firms, courts and local institutions.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Emergency and primary care accessible; exposure stopped and remedied.

CAT.06 | CARE
CUT-OFF STATE: STRESSED_BY_DISTANCE_WAR_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_HISTORY.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Kin, mobile and community care systems have repeatedly been displaced by institutional concentration.
RECEIVER: Children, elders, disabled people, soldiers’ families and carers.
NOBODY: Unpaid carers and people separated from language/land support.
SENSOR: Care time, travel, placement, disability and family-choice measures.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Social, education, health and local community institutions.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: No service gain requires involuntary family or cultural separation.

CAT.07 | SECURITY
CUT-OFF STATE: MIXED_AND_WAR_LOADED.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Protection, tribute enforcement, policing, camps and war recruitment repeatedly trade state security against human security.
RECEIVER: Residents, state and critical infrastructure.
NOBODY: Hostages, prisoners, recruits and politically weak communities.
SENSOR: Violence, detention, casualty, response and due-process records.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Security institutions, courts and civilian oversight.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Lawful necessity, transparent loss and effective remedy.

CAT.08 | ENVIRONMENT
CUT-OFF STATE: STRESSED_TO_CRITICAL_LOCALLY.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Baikal, permafrost, fires, industrial zones and reindeer corridors show accumulated lower-floor pressure.
RECEIVER: Communities, ecosystems, industry and planetary climate.
NOBODY: Nonhuman systems and future generations.
SENSOR: Satellite, field, community, pollution and biodiversity sensors.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Environmental regulators, firms, land authorities and courts.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: RepairRate meets or exceeds measured drift; no unfunded residual liability.

CAT.09 | SOCIAL_STABILITY
CUT-OFF STATE: ADAPTING_WITH_DEMOGRAPHIC_AND_WAR_STRESS.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Mobility and recomposition are normal; forced movement, mono-industry and unequal loss create destabilizing pressure.
RECEIVER: Households, towns, mobile communities and regions.
NOBODY: Outmigrants, small settlements and stigmatized groups.
SENSOR: Migration, wage, trust, service and conflict data.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Regional/federal governments, employers and community institutions.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Viable exit, voice and essential service options.

CAT.10 | EDUCATION
CUT-OFF STATE: CAPABLE_BUT_LANGUAGE_TRANSFER_UNEQUAL.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Exceptional technical institutions coexist with boarding-school injury and endangered-language teacher shortages.
RECEIVER: Students, families, communities, science and economy.
NOBODY: Children receiving symbolic rather than fluent language education.
SENSOR: Teacher, fluency, domain, completion and family-choice data.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Education ministries, republics, communities and universities.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Teachable, repeatable and community-controlled capability across generations.

CAT.11 | KNOWLEDGE_CONTINUITY
CUT-OFF STATE: MIXED.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Archaeology, Indigenous knowledge, archives and science expand evidence while access, provenance and language remain weak points.
RECEIVER: Communities, researchers, public and future learners.
NOBODY: Sampled ancestors and source communities lacking control or return.
SENSOR: Archive access, provenance, consent, language and reuse records.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Museums, archives, journals, communities and funders.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Every extraction has provenance, return path and maintainable local copy.

CAT.12 | INFRASTRUCTURE
CUT-OFF STATE: HIGH_CAPACITY_HIGH_MAINTENANCE_DEBT.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Rail, dams, towns, pipelines and digital systems amplify reach but permafrost and mono-functional design concentrate risk.
RECEIVER: Residents, firms, state and markets.
NOBODY: Bypassed communities and future maintainers.
SENSOR: Condition, outage, backlog, local-access and liability data.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Operators, regulators, governments and funders.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Lifecycle maintenance funded before expansion; safe fission path exists.

CAT.13 | TRUST
CUT-OFF STATE: STRESSED.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Hostage systems, coercive classification, repression, secrecy and disputed current claims produce long memory.
RECEIVER: Persons, communities, institutions and data users.
NOBODY: Those whose testimony or identity is excluded from official sensors.
SENSOR: Survey, remedy, disclosure, contradiction and appeal outcomes.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: All control organs, courts, media and community institutions.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Claims remain attributable; correction and appeal visibly change decisions.

CAT.14 | RIGHTS_AND_VOICE
CUT-OFF STATE: FORMALLY_PRESENT_IMPLEMENTATION_CONTESTED.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Imperial categories give way to Soviet territoriality and modern guarantees, but land and representation authority remain uneven.
RECEIVER: Indigenous peoples, residents, organizations and state.
NOBODY: Larger peoples outside special category and small communities without remedy.
SENSOR: Law, consultation, representation, court and outcome data.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Federal/regional governments, courts and community institutions.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Free participation, case-level remedy and no retaliation.

CAT.15 | ALLOCATION
CUT-OFF STATE: HIGHLY_CENTRALIZED_AND_DIRECTIONAL.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Fur, gold, rail, energy and military flows repeatedly move value outward while costs remain local.
RECEIVER: Treasury, firms, cities, markets and local households.
NOBODY: Source regions, animals, ecosystems and unpaid care.
SENSOR: Origin-destination, fiscal, wage, price, damage and service data.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Fiscal, corporate and political control layers.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Allocation reports include source cost and guaranteed local floor.

CAT.16 | COERCION
CUT-OFF STATE: HISTORICALLY_HIGH_CURRENTLY_CONTESTED.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Yasak, hostages, exile, collectivization, camps and mobilization show changing coercive technologies.
RECEIVER: States and institutions claiming order or output.
NOBODY: Bodies compelled, detained, displaced or economically trapped.
SENSOR: Legal process, testimony, detention, labour and casualty records.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Security, courts, employers and political authorities.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: No capability credited without coercion label, remedy and verification.

CAT.17 | RESILIENCE
CUT-OFF STATE: ADAPTIVE_BUT_CHOKEPOINT_DEPENDENT.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: Seasonal mobility and diversified subsistence contrast with rail, grid, pipeline and mono-town concentration.
RECEIVER: Households, regions, firms and state.
NOBODY: People unable to exit a failed line or settlement.
SENSOR: Redundancy, repair time, stock, route and local-skill data.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Operators, emergency agencies and community networks.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Multiple routes and locally reproducible fallback capability.

CAT.18 | FUTURE_OPTIONALITY
CUT-OFF STATE: CONSTRAINED_BY_LOCK_IN.
LONGITUDINAL FINDING: New pipelines, extraction and centralized systems can foreclose language, land, ecological and economic options.
RECEIVER: Present and future communities, ecosystems and state.
NOBODY: Future generations and nonhuman systems without present vote.
SENSOR: Scenario, liability, consent, ecological threshold and reversibility data.
RESPONSIBLE CONTROL: Planning authorities, firms, communities and courts.
REPAIR THRESHOLD: Plans remain plans; irreversible action requires consent and funded repair/fission.

9.1 NO AGGREGATE CIVILISATION SCORE

The eighteen states are not averaged. A high-throughput energy or rail system
cannot offset a fractured rights, health or environmental floor in arithmetic.
Trade-offs must name the affected receiver, consent, reversibility and residual
loss.

9.2 DIAGNOSTIC OUTPUT

The scan routes to four questions:

WHAT IS FAILING?
WHO OR WHAT RECEIVES THE DAMAGE?
WHICH CONTROL LAYER CAN ACT?
IS VERIFIED REPAIR FASTER THAN VERIFIED DRIFT?

===============================================================================
10. INDEPENDENT COORDINATE FAMILIES
===============================================================================

10.1 TIME AND INFORMATION

TIME ZOOM answers how wide the temporal window is. INFORMATION DEPTH answers how
much evidentiary and system detail is loaded. A Z1/I5 genome record and a Z6/I1
news signal are both possible. Neither axis implies importance.

10.2 SYSTEM SCALE

PERSON / HOUSEHOLD / CAMP / SITE / LOCAL / SUBREGIONAL / REGIONAL /
INTERREGIONAL / PLANETARY.

Scale applies to the serialized claim. A planetary ancestry comparison may
derive from one person’s genome; the sample remains one person.

10.3 CAPABILITY STAGE

FOUNDATION_0 — direct ecological and learned survival floors
STAGE_1 — reproducible local specialist/household capability
STAGE_2 — coordinated settlement or network capability
STAGE_3 — durable regional institution and transfer
STAGE_4 — high-leverage interregional/planetary system
STAGE_5 — habitat-independent, self-repairing and widely transferable system

No people “is” a stage. A particular function may occupy a stage under a stated
interval and host. Power of Siberia can be Stage 4 for gas routing while a
settlement on its wider resource frontier remains stressed in basic care.

10.4 LIFECYCLE

Takeoff, climb, cruise, drift, descent, repair, relaunch and collapse apply to a
named function. Kitoi cemetery visibility can end without all regional life
collapsing. A state farm can fission while reindeer knowledge moves back to
households. A camp system can contract while a city it built persists.

10.5 HABITAT INDEPENDENCE

Every Object 19 system remains terrestrially dependent. High technology can
increase, rather than remove, dependence on permafrost, imported food, grids,
data, skilled labour or distant finance.

10.6 PHASE FREQUENCY

Frequency distinguishes a rare event from a continuously maintained service.
An exact strike, treaty or scientific publication is not equivalent to the
repeated operation of a pipeline, school, fishing round or language domain.

10.7 MOTION VECTOR

Every important flow may declare:

ORIGIN
DESTINATION
DIRECTION
RATE
CARRIER
REVERSIBILITY
STOPPING CONDITION
RETURNED CONSEQUENCE.

The vector makes visible, for example, that fur and energy move outward while
pollution, care burden and maintenance stay near origin; or that people move
into a railway corridor while land pressure moves onto previous users.

10.8 SIX-POSITION OBSERVER SWITCH

SKY asks what nested clocks coexist.
STRATEGIST asks what future becomes possible or foreclosed.
GENERAL asks how resources and authority coordinate.
ENGINEER asks what must work and be maintained.
RECEIVER asks whether the output is usable and safe.
NOBODY asks who or what is excluded from measurement, choice or benefit.

An assertion is robust only if it survives all six views or records why it does
not.

===============================================================================
11. BASEFLOOR, NOBODY, CONTROL GEOMETRY AND REPAIR MAP
===============================================================================

11.1 CUT-OFF BASEFLOOR BOARD

States diagnose heterogeneous risk across Object 19 and cannot be read as one
score for every district or person.

FLOOR	STATE	FINDING	SENSOR	OWNER
FOOD	STRESSED	Fish, herds, imports and income differ sharply by place; war and ecology add load	Harvest/access/price/nutrition	Households and ecological managers
WATER	ADEQUATE_TO_STRESSED	Large freshwater stores coexist with pollution, unsafe local systems and altered rivers	Quality/flow/illness/ice	Utilities, basin regulators and firms
ENERGY	STRONG_EXPORT_UNEQUAL_LOCAL	High export capacity does not guarantee local resilience or funded closure	Flow/outage/price/spill	Operators, regulators and governments
SHELTER	STRESSED	Permafrost, remoteness and unsuitable fixed housing raise cost	Heat/condition/crowding/choice	Municipalities and employers
HEALTH	STRESSED	Distance, industrial exposure and war burden make access uneven	Travel time/outcomes/exposure	Health authorities and firms
CARE	STRESSED	Household, mobile and institutional care carry large unpriced work	Care time/placement/family choice	Social, health and education systems
SECURITY	MIXED	State security, due process, recruitment and human security diverge	Violence/detention/casualty/remedy	Security institutions and courts
ENVIRONMENT	STRESSED_TO_CRITICAL_LOCAL	Permafrost, fire, Baikal, industrial zones and herd corridors need separate sensors	Drift/threshold/residual loss	Regulators, firms and land authorities
SOCIAL_STABILITY	ADAPTING_STRESSED	Outmigration, mono-towns and unequal war loss strain some communities	Migration/wage/trust/service	Regional and local institutions
EDUCATION	ADEQUATE_UNEQUAL	Technical education is strong; fluent Indigenous-language transfer is uneven	Teachers/fluency/domain/use	Education systems and communities
KNOWLEDGE_CONTINUITY	MIXED	Exceptional science and archives coexist with access and provenance gaps	Archive/provenance/consent/return	Archives, museums, journals and communities
INFRASTRUCTURE	HIGH_CAPACITY_HIGH_DEBT	Rail, dams, towns and pipelines face permafrost and lifecycle maintenance	Condition/backlog/outage/liability	Operators and funders
TRUST	STRESSED	Historical coercion, secrecy and current claim conflict reduce institutional confidence	Correction/appeal/disclosure	All control organs

11.2 NOBODY AUDIT

Ask for every transformation:

— Whose land use is invisible because it is seasonal or mobile?
— Whose labour is credited to a ministry, firm, camp or project?
— Which child, animal, river, future generation or non-speaker cannot appeal?
— Which dead are missing because a database or archive is incomplete?
— Which community falls outside a numerical or registration threshold?
— Which local shortage is hidden by an export or national total?

Finding Nobody does not decide policy automatically. It prevents a decision
from pretending the burden has no bearer.

11.3 CONTROL GEOMETRY TEST

POINT
Cave, cemetery, fort, mine, dam, refinery, school or court.

LINE
River route, ice road, railway, grid, pipeline, border or migration corridor.

SURFACE
Lived land use, ecological range, settlement zone or effective jurisdiction.

NETWORK
Kinship, exchange, language, tribute, school, company, scientific or digital
relations that connect non-contiguous nodes.

STACK
Multiple layers—law, ministry, firm, data, security and finance—acting on the
same body or place.

No geometry automatically promotes to the next. A fort plus a map is not a
surface; a statute plus a register is not effective remedy.

11.4 REPAIR MAP

DAMAGE
→ AFFECTED FLOOR
→ RESPONSIBLE CONTROL LAYER
→ AVAILABLE SENSOR
→ REPAIR CAPABILITY
→ TIME TO EFFECT
→ RESIDUAL LOSS
→ WHO VERIFIES.

Required repair packet:

DAMAGE_ID
CLAIM_STATUS
AFFECTED_PERSON_OR_SYSTEM
FLOOR
OWNER_WITH_AUTHORITY
SENSOR_AND_BASELINE
STOP_ACTION
RESTORATION_OR_COMPENSATION
START_TIME / EXPECTED_EFFECT_TIME
RESIDUAL_IRREVERSIBLE_LOSS
RECEIVER_CONFIRMATION
INDEPENDENT_VERIFICATION
CHALLENGE / APPEAL ROUTE.

11.5 REPAIR-RATE RULE

RepairRate ≥ DriftRate

This is an operating requirement, not a measurement claim. Rates must share a
defined unit, area, interval and sensor. Money spent is not repair rate unless
it produces verified change at the affected floor. An announced programme is
not completed repair. When irreversible loss exists, compensation and future
prevention are recorded without pretending restoration is complete.

===============================================================================
12. GENOME, PRESSURE FIELD AND OUROBOROS ROUTER
===============================================================================

12.1 CIVILISATIONAL GENOMES

Here “genome” is an architecture metaphor for a reproducible capability packet.
It is never biological ancestry and cannot be joined to ancient-DNA labels.

ID	GENOME	REPRODUCIBLE PACKET
G01	RIVER_LAKE_MOBILITY	Fish, boats, ice, portages, seasonal memory and reciprocal access
G02	COLD_ADAPTATION	Clothing, dwellings, fire, storage, care and learned weather judgement
G03	MULTISPECIES_TRANSPORT	Dogs, reindeer, horses, feeding, breeding, training and route knowledge
G04	DISTRIBUTED_STORAGE	Caches, herds, social claims and delayed consumption
G05	TRIBUTE_EXTRACTION	Collectors, brokers, hostages, records, commodity and distant receiver
G06	POINT_LINE_CONTROL	Fort, river, road, rail, pipeline, map and bureaucratic stack
G07	MOBILE_EDUCATION	Learning by participation across land, household, camp, school and digital media
G08	EXTRACTIVE_INDUSTRY	Resource, labour, town, transport, state/firm, pollution and closure liability
G09	AUTONOMY_CLASSIFICATION	Self-name, census, territory, office, budget and rights route
G10	ARCHIVE_SCIENCE	Site/person, preservation, sample, institution, method, publication and return
G11	MEMORY_REPAIR	Named harm, archive, witness, acknowledgement, remedy and teaching
G12	EDGE_CROSSWALK	Shared window, dual owner, typed carrier, cost and stopping rule

12.2 PRESSURE FIELD

A pressure is not a destiny. It changes the probability, cost or direction of
transformation and may be resisted, redirected or repaired.

ID	PRESSURE	OPERATING EFFECT
P01	CRYOSPHERE_DRIFT	Warming, thaw, fire and hydrological change outpace design assumptions
P02	RESOURCE_EXPORT	Value exits by fur, metal, timber, oil and gas while lower-floor costs remain
P03	DISTANCE_MAINTENANCE	Long supply lines and sparse nodes increase time-to-repair
P04	DEMOGRAPHIC_CONCENTRATION	Outmigration and urbanization weaken small-settlement service and language domains
P05	LANGUAGE_DOMAIN_LOSS	School, work and media incentives narrow intergenerational use
P06	LEGAL_IMPLEMENTATION_GAP	Rights text lacks designation, consent, remedy or enforcement
P07	WAR_LOAD	Recruitment, death, sanctions and attacks redirect people, fuel and budgets
P08	MONO_TOWN_LOCK_IN	Employment and service depend on one industry with high exit cost
P09	ARCHIVE_ACCESS	Political, geographic and technical barriers restrict correction
P10	WILD_HERD_DECLINE	Hunting, infrastructure, climate and method uncertainty stress food systems
P11	CENTRALIZED_ALLOCATION	Core priorities can externalize shortage and environmental risk
P12	FUTURE_CLAIM_INFLATION	Plans are represented as completed capacity before consent or construction

12.3 OUROBOROS LOOPS

An Ouroboros loop returns excluded output or residual loss to the system that
produced it. It is not mystical inevitability; it is a dependency map and
intervention router.

ID	LOOP	OUTWARD PULSE	RETURN	NEXT CONSEQUENCE
O01	SABLE	High demand raises tribute	Local depletion pushes collectors east	Expansion increases coercion and ecological reach
O02	FORT	Point enables collection	Collection requires farther supply and defence	Cost demands more tribute or retreat
O03	RAIL	Line lowers transport cost	Settlement and extraction increase traffic	Growth creates maintenance and land pressure
O04	DAM	Power enables industry	Industry raises water and energy demand	Pollution and inundation require repair
O05	OIL	Revenue finances state capacity	State dependence raises production pressure	Spills, climate and mono-towns enlarge liability
O06	GAS_CHINA	Export line creates market	Market commits field and maintenance	Geopolitical dependency returns to routing decisions
O07	PERMAFROST	Infrastructure assumes frozen ground	Development and warming destabilize ground	Failure raises energy and rebuilding demand
O08	FIRE	Drying and burns damage permafrost	Thaw releases carbon and changes vegetation	Further warming and fire risk return
O09	CLASSIFICATION	Category enables services	Services reward category conformity	Excluded identities contest the state sensor
O10	SCHOOL	Central school expands credentials	Separation weakens land/language teaching	Repair requires new community education
O11	CENSUS	Counting makes needs visible	Fixed categories simplify living identities	Misfit reduces trust and data quality
O12	REINDEER_STATE_FARM	Scale raises procurement output	Targets centralize herd and knowledge	Ecological or institutional shock spreads wider
O13	WAR_RECRUITMENT	High pay recruits from weak labour markets	Loss and absence weaken households	Economic insecurity can deepen recruitment dependence
O14	HERITAGE	Designation attracts protection and tourism	Tourism and central ownership increase pressure	Damage creates demand for stronger local governance
O15	SCIENCE	Rare preservation attracts sampling	Sampling centralizes data elsewhere	Lack of return weakens trust and future access
O16	LANGUAGE_DIGITAL	Apps expand access	Symbolic metrics can replace fluent domains	Weak transmission requires deeper teaching investment
O17	CENTRAL_FUEL	Rerouting protects core supply	Source/edge markets may tighten	Regional pressure feeds new allocation conflict
O18	REPAIR_DELAY	Damage is deferred to preserve output	Residual loss compounds	Later repair becomes slower, costlier and politically harder

12.4 ROUTING PRIORITY

Stop acute irreversible damage.
Protect the affected lower floor.
Preserve truthful sensors and named evidence.
Assign an owner with actual authority.
Fund repair and independent verification.
Reopen strategic choice only after the Receiver/Nobody audit.

High leverage without these six conditions increases the amplitude of the
return loop.

===============================================================================
13. PORTABLE CIVILISATION, FISSION, EDUCATION AND SIMULATION
===============================================================================

13.1 PORTABILITY TEST

A capability is portable only if:

— its function is named;
— its minimum lower floors are known;
— a carrier can move it;
— another host can learn and reproduce it;
— maintenance materials and authority are available;
— compression loss is declared;
— and affected people can refuse, challenge or adapt the transfer.

Object 19 examples:

A POT transfers readily; the full food and seasonal system that used it may
not. A BRONZE OBJECT travels farther than furnace knowledge. An ALPHABET
transfers characters but can lose oral genres and pronunciation. A RAILWAY
transfers engineering but not automatically affordable local service. A
LANGUAGE APP transfers access but not intergenerational fluency. A REINDEER
breed label transfers poorly without landscape, animals, herders and skill.

13.2 FISSION TEST

Ask whether a component can separate from a central host without lower-floor
collapse:

— Can a remote settlement retain heat, food, care and communication if a
single employer or rail subsidy fails?
— Can a pastoral community retain land, herd health and markets if a state
farm or company fissions?
— Can a regional language institution teach after a platform, grant or
ministry changes?
— Can a river community preserve access when a dam, licence or protected-area
regime centralizes control?
— Can evidence remain usable if a foreign or metropolitan database closes?

Fission is capability only when the smaller host retains viable floors and a
repair route. Mere abandonment is not decentralization.

13.3 EDUCATION BRIDGE

The bridge tests:

TEACHABLE
REPEATABLE
MAINTAINABLE
TRANSFERABLE
CORRECTABLE
COMMUNITY-AUTHORIZED.

Education includes learning on land, with animals, in households and through
ritual or work as well as classrooms and universities. A high credential count
can coexist with loss of a route, language domain or animal-care skill.

13.4 COMPRESSION-LOSS REGISTER

MAP → loses season, depth and contested use.
CENSUS → loses fluid, multiple or refused identities.
CULTURE LABEL → loses household and site variation.
GENOME CLUSTER → loses personhood, speech and political identity.
TRANSLATION → may lose legal, ritual and relational nuance.
MUSEUM OBJECT → may lose use, custody, sacred authority and living teacher.
PIPELINE CAPACITY → loses outage, local access, consent and ecological cost.
CASUALTY RATE → loses person, ethnicity, cause, care and incomplete coverage.

Compression is permissible only when its loss is explicit and the deeper
source packet remains reachable.

13.5 SIMULATION RULES

Simulations are bounded counterfactuals, not forecasts:

SCENARIO A — PERMAFROST MAINTENANCE SHOCK
Vary thaw rate, asset age, local workforce, spare-parts time and repair budget.
Observe housing, rail, pipeline and municipal fission thresholds.

SCENARIO B — WILD-REINDEER CORRIDOR LOSS
Vary herd estimate, road crossings, hunting, snow/icing and community access.
Observe food, culture, market and ecological effects separately.

SCENARIO C — LANGUAGE REPAIR
Vary teacher numbers, daily-use domains, family participation, digital tools
and community authority. Do not use app downloads as fluency.

SCENARIO D — ENERGY EXPORT INTERRUPTION
Vary refinery damage, rail allocation, pipeline outage, storage and local
service guarantees. Show who receives rerouted fuel and who becomes Nobody.

SCENARIO E — REGIONAL GOVERNANCE FISSION
Vary fiscal authority, land jurisdiction, data access and appeal. Formal
autonomy is one input, not the result.

13.6 SIMULATION ETHICS

No simulation may optimize coerced recruitment, forced migration, cultural
assimilation or ecological sacrifice as an unlabelled efficiency. Human and
community authority can reject objectives. Model output remains advisory,
versioned and appealable.

===============================================================================
14. ZOOM → CONNECT → TRACK AND INVARIANT CONVERGENCE
===============================================================================

14.1 OPERATING LOOP

ZOOM
Select one protected record and load its evidence, date status, place,
category firewall and graph seed.

CONNECT
Follow only typed edges to contemporary systems, neighbouring objects,
inherited conditions and returned consequences.

TRACK
Follow the relevant function across hosts and inspect capability,
dependency, Receiver/Nobody and repair.

COMPARE
Enter an invariant only after the local transformation is understood.

RETURN
Feed contradiction or damage into the uncertainty and repair routes. Do not
smooth the timeline for narrative elegance.

14.2 INVARIANT REGISTRY

INVARIANT	GEOMETRY	SUBSTRATE	SIBERIAN IMPLEMENTATION	NEW INFORMATION	RECEIVER	NOBODY	RETURN
SIB.I001	Upper capability depends on reproducible lower floors	Food, water, care, ecology, trust and maintenance	Yasak, dams, oil, rail and war all fail when animal, river, worker or household floors are overdrawn	In Siberia, apparent abundance often hides long recovery times and extreme maintenance distance	State, firm, household and market	Animals, future users and remote carers	Depletion returns as migration, shortage, failure or conflict
SIB.I002	A function persists by moving among hosts	Skill, media, institution and infrastructure	Mobility moves from river/dog/reindeer/horse to rail/air/data; teaching moves from camp/household to school and back into community digital systems	Continuity of function does not prove continuity of polity or identity	Learner, traveller, administrator and community	Old carriers made invisible by successful transfer	Compression loss returns as fragility
SIB.I003	Control expands through geometry rather than declaration	Forts, routes, maps, law and organizations	Ostrogs create points; rivers and rail make lines; settlement/licensing claims surface; bureaucracy and firms create stacks	Siberia makes the gap between a coloured map and lived reach unusually visible	State and controlled population	Mobile users outside points and lines	Unseen territory returns as resistance and service failure
SIB.I004	High-value outward flow intensifies source pressure	Fur, gold, timber, oil, gas and labour	Sable depletion pushes expansion; oil/gas builds cities and fiscal capacity while leaving spills and mono-towns	Commodity changes but origin-destination asymmetry recurs	Treasury, firm and distant consumer	Source ecosystem, worker and local household	Damage returns as scarcity, maintenance and legitimacy debt
SIB.I005	Seasonal movement stores and transmits capability	Routes, animals, weather knowledge and social claims	Hunter-fisher rounds, herding, river travel, rail and aviation are different mobility stacks	Stopping movement can destroy teaching and risk distribution, even when housing is added	Mobile household, trader and state	Those unable to access fixed nodes	Concentration returns as vulnerability
SIB.I006	Making a population legible allocates rights and control	Names, counts, maps, thresholds and offices	Imperial legal categories, Soviet nationalities, census groups and under-50,000 status route different benefits and exclusions	A category can simultaneously protect, simplify and discipline	State, service system, community and researcher	Mixed, larger, unregistered or refusing persons	Misclassification returns as mistrust and legal conflict
SIB.I007	Visible history equals activity multiplied by survival and observation	Permafrost, cemeteries, records, access and research choices	Exceptional frozen burials and cave genomes coexist with vast under-surveyed mobile landscapes	High-definition samples can increase, rather than reduce, representativeness risk	Researcher, public and source community	Unburied, unrecorded and inaccessible lives	Overconfidence returns as false identity histories
SIB.I008	Animals are skilled participants and dependencies, not inert assets	Dogs, reindeer, horses, cattle, wild herds and forage	Transport, food and identity depend on care, training, breeding and ecological corridors	Domestication remains a maintained relation with wild exchange and local variants	Human household, animal population and market	Animal welfare and wild ecological relation	Poor care or corridor loss returns as mobility and food failure
SIB.I009	Every declared gain has receivers and excluded bearers	Allocation, voice, law and sensor coverage	Rail, dam, school, census and pipeline gains differ sharply by who can receive, refuse, appeal and leave	The Nobody position often appears as uncounted mobile land use, coerced labour or nonhuman loss	Declared beneficiary	Excluded person, animal, ecosystem or future generation	Unpriced loss accumulates as repair debt
SIB.I010	A system remains viable only when effective repair keeps pace with drift	Sensors, authority, funding, skill, time and verification	Permafrost, pollution, language transmission, infrastructure and rights require different repair clocks	Large distance and slow ecological recovery make delay especially costly	Affected floor and future system	Damage outside eligibility or measurement	Residual loss compounds when RepairRate is below DriftRate
SIB.I011	A connector must preserve both objects’ clocks	Shared routes, mobile people and cross-border systems	Steppe, China, Amur, Russia and Beringia interfaces receive dual ownership statements	Siberia’s apparent vastness otherwise swallows neighbours or becomes a Russian appendix	Both object owners and parent clock	Border communities and intermediate carriers	Annexed clocks return as contradiction
SIB.I012	A future claim is not an operating state	Speech, budget, contract, construction and measured flow	Power of Siberia 2 remains proposed/negotiated while Power of Siberia 1 has dated deliveries	Energy geopolitics requires strict achievement states	Planner, investor, public and affected community	People whose land is treated as already committed	Premature certainty returns as stranded cost and lost consent

14.3 CROSSWALK WINDOWS

W013 — c.50–20 ka
Compare Yana, Mal’ta, Afontova Gora and wider Eurasian population histories.
Do not force sampled ancestry into modern nations.

W019–W023 — 4000–1500 BCE
Compare Baikal/Yakutia forager complexes with Altai–Sayan pastoral and metal
networks. Pottery, ancestry, horse mobility and metallurgy have separate
carriers.

W035–W041 — 600–1600 CE
Compare Turkic, Mongol, Yenisei Kyrgyz, forest tribute and Sibir formations
with Objects 17, 18 and 27. Type political reach as network, not surface.

W041–W044 — 1500–1800
Compare Russian expansion with the Russian-core clock, Steppe, China/Amur and
Pacific objects. Fort, river, treaty and lived control must not collapse.

W045–W049 — 1800–1918
Compare colonial legal classification, global commodity extraction, rail and
mass resettlement. The invariant is point-line-surface expansion; the local
information is Siberia’s river inheritance and extreme maintenance distance.

W050–W057 — 1918–1990
Compare nationality institutions, forced collectivization, camp industry,
dams, oil and infrastructure with other Soviet objects. Gains and coercion
remain in one transformation packet.

W058–W061 — 1990–2019
Compare post-imperial fission, corporate re-hosting, rights law, regional
recentralization and China-facing energy across Objects 27, 30 and 49.

W062–W068 — 2020–freeze
Compare climate, pandemic, war, energy and rights only with time-stamped
datasets. Current conditions are high-frequency and never become timeless.

14.4 INVARIANT CAUTION

The registry does not assert final “laws of civilisation.” It exposes candidate
relationship geometries that recur across new substrates. A recurrence without
new local information is a duplicated summary; a local event without a typed
geometry is difficult to compare. Runtime V3.2 requires both.

===============================================================================
15. CURRENT-STATE VECTORS AT THE FREEZE
===============================================================================

CURRENT means 17:06:05 Asia/Singapore (UTC+08:00), 29 July 2026.

15.1 CRYOSPHERE / CLIMATE

STATE
Arctic warming is structurally high; the 2025 report period is the warmest in
the cited instrumental Arctic series. Permafrost and fire feedbacks increase
long-duration maintenance and carbon pressure.

MOTION
TRANSFORMING; spatially uneven; decadal-to-centennial with acute local events.

CLAIM LIMIT
Batagay is a high-information site, not all Siberia. A modelled carbon flux
is not a directly counted regional total without its method and interval.

15.2 FIRE

STATE
CAMS reports Siberian emissions near seasonal average at end-June 2026 within
a globally low first half. The 2026 season was incomplete.

MOTION
SEASONAL and unresolved.

NEXT SENSOR
End-season satellite emissions, burned area, peat attribution, settlement
exposure and permafrost impact.

15.3 LAKE BAIKAL

STATE
Outstanding ecological and scientific value coexists with active UNESCO
concern over water quality, development, tourism and legal protection.

MOTION
STRESSED with contested repair.

NEXT ROUTE
Basin-scale sensor → responsible regulator/firm → funded action → independent
water/ecosystem verification → local/heritage appeal.

15.4 REINDEER

STATE
Domestic pastoral systems remain diverse and adaptive; the cited Taimyr
wild-herd estimates indicate severe decline between 2003 and 2023.

CLAIM LIMIT
No one herd number or breed category describes all northern systems.

15.5 LANGUAGE

STATE
Many languages are endangered at different levels. Community digital and
education initiatives provide real routes but are not proof of fluent
intergenerational recovery.

NEXT SENSOR
Child and adult fluency, daily domains, teachers, materials, time on land,
community control and platform maintenance.

15.6 RIGHTS AND GOVERNANCE

STATE
Constitutional and federal legal protections operate through a specific
small-numbered category and other republican/federal routes. Rights reporting
identifies continuing land, association and implementation constraints.

CLAIM LIMIT
A legal text is observed law; effective consent and remedy require case data.
Allegations against activists remain separate from court findings.

15.7 WAR AND HUMAN LOAD

STATE
The war against Ukraine continues to draw people and resources from Siberian
regions. Named-death datasets report high per-capita lower bounds in several
regions.

CLAIM LIMIT
Regional residence is not ethnicity; named records are not exhaustive; high
rates do not by themselves establish an ethnic cause.

15.8 ENERGY

STATE
Power of Siberia 1 operates and Gazprom reports 38.8 bcm delivered in 2025.
Power of Siberia 2 has a reported political understanding but no evidenced
final timetable, price or operating/build state in the cited May 2026 report.
July 2026 strikes/fires and fuel rerouting expose wartime chokepoints.

MOTION
OPERATING for Power of Siberia 1; PROPOSED/NEGOTIATED for Power of Siberia 2;
ADAPTING under war pressure for refinery and fuel logistics.

15.9 CONTROL-TOWER SUMMARY

FLOOR
Stressed and highly unequal.

BODY
Adaptive; ageing and concentrated.

FLOW
High capacity; externally directed; chokepoint-sensitive.

MEMORY
Rich but unevenly accessible and transmitted.

SENSOR
Capable but fragmented and politically contested.

CONTROL
Stacked and centralized with formal federal/community layers.

REPAIR
Below required rate in several ecological, rights, language and memory loops.

EDGE
Active; requires dual-object ownership and careful plan/claim status.

15.10 FUTURE BOUNDARY

No event after this freeze is observed. “Power of Siberia 2 built,” an end-of-
season 2026 fire state, a later casualty count, a new court decision or a later
office holder must enter a successor version. This file can hold possibilities
only as possibilities.

===============================================================================
16. UNCERTAINTY AND DISPUTE REGISTER
===============================================================================
An uncertainty is a protected object. It states the disputed question, the
current ruling, its effect on serialization and the review trigger. A later
release may supersede a ruling but must preserve its ID and prior state.

SIB.U001 | Where does Object 19 end?
RULING: Use the Ural/West Siberian, Altai–Sayan, Baikal–Angara–Lena, central/northeastern Siberian and Arctic/Pacific-facing interior system. Edges remain shared with Objects 17, 18, 27, 30, 49 and 50.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents a modern Russian administrative surface from owning every northern Asian history.
REVIEW: Any parent-object boundary revision

SIB.U002 | Can Siberia name all periods?
RULING: No. Use it as a present analytical locator; historical actors used many other spatial names and did not inhabit one timeless region.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Blocks retrospective regional identity.
REVIEW: New name-history evidence

SIB.U003 | Was Siberia an empty frontier before Russian arrival?
RULING: No. Record dense knowledge, seasonal mobility, political relations, tribute, exchange and settlement even where population density was low.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Corrects colonial absence inference.
REVIEW: Every release

SIB.U004 | Did cold climate determine social simplicity?
RULING: No. Climate and seasonality constrain possibilities; people build different capabilities through storage, mobility, water knowledge, animals and institutions.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents environmental determinism.
REVIEW: Every CAT revision

SIB.U005 | Does a sparse excavated record mean sparse past life?
RULING: No. Permafrost, rivers, erosion, acidic soils, survey geography and state priorities shape visibility.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Adds preservation and research filters.
REVIEW: New survey or taphonomic synthesis

SIB.U006 | How old is Diring Yuriakh?
RULING: Retain the 260–370 ka dating result and contested artefact/occupation interpretation; reject the unsupported 1.8–3.2 Ma claim as established history.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents a disputed site becoming an exact first occupation.
REVIEW: New stratified dating

SIB.U007 | Does Karama securely prove occupation near 800 ka?
RULING: No. Preserve the claim as contested and do not use it to anchor continental settlement.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps the early bound open.
REVIEW: Independent dating and artefact review

SIB.U008 | Is Denisovan one stable species, people or culture?
RULING: No. It is a genomic/palaeoanthropological grouping represented by limited remains across time and space.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Separates genome, biology and material culture.
REVIEW: New genomic/taxonomic consensus

SIB.U009 | Does one first-generation hybrid prove routine interbreeding?
RULING: No. It proves that the particular parents had different ancestry assignments and reproduced.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents population-rate inference from one life.
REVIEW: Larger directly comparable sample

SIB.U010 | Were Altai Neanderthals one continuous population?
RULING: Not established. Model occupations and genomic relationships by layer and interval.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Retains replacement and return possibilities.
REVIEW: Revised cave chronology

SIB.U011 | Do Initial Upper Palaeolithic tools identify Homo sapiens?
RULING: Not by themselves. Use human attribution only where human remains or genomic evidence supports it.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Separates artefacts from biological identity.
REVIEW: New associated remains

SIB.U012 | Does the Ust’-Ishim genome represent all early modern humans in Siberia?
RULING: No. It is one directly dated individual and a point in a wider population history.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Blocks sample essentialism.
REVIEW: Additional coeval genomes

SIB.U013 | Is Ancient North Siberian or Ancient North Eurasian an ethnicity?
RULING: No. These are analytical ancestry labels, not self-names, languages or political communities.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents genomic reification.
REVIEW: Every genetics update

SIB.U014 | Does Baikal-related ancestry make Baikal culture “Native American”?
RULING: No. It records deep population connections, not cultural or political identity.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents ownership and descent shortcuts.
REVIEW: Every related publication

SIB.U015 | Was movement to the Americas one simple eastward migration?
RULING: No. Beringia was a changing habitat and the peopling process had multiple demographic and ecological stages outside this object’s ownership.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps Object 50 autonomous.
REVIEW: New Beringian synthesis

SIB.U016 | Does pottery equal farming or a “Neolithic package”?
RULING: No. In Siberia pottery often belongs to mobile or semi-mobile hunter-fisher societies.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents imported stage ladders.
REVIEW: Site-level subsistence evidence

SIB.U017 | Were Zhokhov dogs fully domesticated sled teams in the modern sense?
RULING: Dog status is strong; specific roles are inferred from morphology, wear, material culture and comparison.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps transport interpretation graded.
REVIEW: New direct functional evidence

SIB.U018 | Are Kitoi, Serovo, Glazkovo and other archaeological labels peoples?
RULING: No. They organize assemblages and mortuary sequences; population, language and self-identity require separate evidence.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Protects category firewall.
REVIEW: Every site synthesis

SIB.U019 | Was there a total population hiatus around Lake Baikal?
RULING: Not established. Preserve cemetery and dating gaps while testing reservoir effects, sampling and uneven local continuity.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Avoids turning an archive gap into depopulation.
REVIEW: New calibrated series

SIB.U020 | Did plague cause the Baikal cultural transition?
RULING: Ancient DNA demonstrates sampled infections and likely outbreaks; demographic causation is not yet closed.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Blocks monocausal collapse.
REVIEW: Expanded pathogen/population modelling

SIB.U021 | Do cemetery samples represent all living hunter-fisher communities?
RULING: No. Burial selection, kinship, mobility and preservation filter the sample.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Restricts demographic generalization.
REVIEW: New settlement–cemetery integration

SIB.U022 | Do Syalakh, Belkachi and Ymyyakhtakh form one direct ethnic succession?
RULING: No. Archaeology and genomes show mixture, movement and discontinuity.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents ladder history.
REVIEW: New regional synthesis

SIB.U023 | Does Yakutia_LNBA ancestry prove a Uralic language?
RULING: No. Its distribution tracks a plausible language-history model; genes do not encode language.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Separates association from proof.
REVIEW: New ancient DNA plus historical linguistics

SIB.U024 | Does Cis-Baikal LNBA ancestry prove a Yeniseian language?
RULING: No. Treat it as a tested association with later language geography, not direct speech evidence.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Preserves linguistic autonomy.
REVIEW: New integrated evidence

SIB.U025 | Was every Afanasievo-associated person Indo-European-speaking?
RULING: Not demonstrated. Archaeology and ancestry do not directly record language.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents culture-language collapse.
REVIEW: Direct linguistic evidence is impossible; revise comparatively

SIB.U026 | Was Seima–Turbino a migrating people or empire?
RULING: Treat it as a rapid network of objects, skills and movements with heterogeneous local hosts.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps carrier and host distinct.
REVIEW: New production and mobility data

SIB.U027 | Does Tagar equal a named historical ethnicity?
RULING: No. It is an archaeological complex; later ethnonyms cannot be back-projected automatically.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Blocks ethnic map colouring.
REVIEW: New inscriptions or tightly linked texts

SIB.U028 | When did named Turkic peoples enter each Siberian zone?
RULING: Date languages, inscriptions, political formations and ethnonyms separately; no single invasion date governs the region.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Maintains multiple clocks.
REVIEW: New linguistic/archaeological synthesis

SIB.U029 | Can Sakha history be reduced to one medieval migration from Lake Baikal?
RULING: No. South-to-north movement is an important model, but formation involved mixture, local adoption and later self-making.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents one-origin essentialism.
REVIEW: New ancient genomes and archaeology

SIB.U030 | Can earlier Baikal archaeology be called Buryat?
RULING: No. Use Buryat for defensible historical and linguistic intervals; do not annex deep prehistory.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Protects living identity and archaeological uncertainty.
REVIEW: New documentary evidence

SIB.U031 | Are Dolgan a remnant of one ancient population?
RULING: No. Their ethnogenesis is historically recent and braided among Turkic-speaking, Evenki and other northern relations.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Preserves recomposition.
REVIEW: New community-led history

SIB.U032 | Does “Samoyed” remain acceptable as a people label?
RULING: Use Samoyedic only for the language family and specific living names such as Nenets, Enets, Nganasan and Selkup; retain old exonyms only in quoted archival context.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Avoids demeaning or flattening nomenclature.
REVIEW: Community guidance

SIB.U033 | Are Even and Evenki interchangeable?
RULING: No. They are distinct peoples and languages with overlapping Tungusic histories.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents administrative conflation.
REVIEW: Every release

SIB.U034 | Does Object 19 own Chukchi/Koryak/Kamchatkan histories?
RULING: No. It records the inland and Russian-expansion interface; Object 30 owns the fuller Pacific-facing regional spine.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents annexation.
REVIEW: Connector review

SIB.U035 | Does the Dene–Yeniseian proposal settle Ket prehistory?
RULING: No. It is a serious linguistic hypothesis with open chronology and no automatic genetic/archaeological map.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Retains debate.
REVIEW: Comparative-linguistic update

SIB.U036 | Was reindeer domesticated once at a known date?
RULING: No. Evidence supports polycentric processes, continued wild–domestic gene flow and different degrees of management.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Rejects single-origin domestication.
REVIEW: New ancient genomes

SIB.U037 | Is every northern Siberian society a reindeer-herding society?
RULING: No. Separate wild-reindeer hunting, domestic transport, large-herd pastoralism, fishing, hunting and mixed economies.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents circumpolar flattening.
REVIEW: Every release

SIB.U038 | Do proposed ancient reindeer headgear pieces prove riding or herding?
RULING: They support harnessing/transport interpretations but function and scale remain assessed.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps artefact function revisable.
REVIEW: Replication or use-wear study

SIB.U039 | Are Nenets, Chukchi, Evenki and Even breeds timeless biological units?
RULING: No. They are living pastoral and scientific categories with histories, mixture and management.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Avoids breed essentialism.
REVIEW: Community/genomic revision

SIB.U040 | Does the Siberian Khanate provide one origin for the word Siberia?
RULING: Name histories are debated. Separate medieval polity, capital Qashliq/Isker, Russian administrative expansion and later continental usage.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps etymology open.
REVIEW: Philological update

SIB.U041 | Was the Siberian Khanate an empty steppe outpost?
RULING: No. It was a Chinggisid and regional polity embedded in forest-steppe tribute, trade and alliance systems.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Restores pre-conquest politics.
REVIEW: New source synthesis

SIB.U042 | Did Yermak conquer Siberia in one exact year?
RULING: No. Use the 1581/82 campaign and 1582 seizure of Qashliq as anchors within a longer, reversible war.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents instant-colony model.
REVIEW: Chronological source revision

SIB.U043 | Did Russian forts equal immediate territorial control?
RULING: No. Type point garrisons, river lines, tributary claims, negotiated access, resistance and effective surface control separately.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Corrects map inflation.
REVIEW: Every control-geometry audit

SIB.U044 | Was yasak only a tax?
RULING: No. It was a tributary/extractive institution connected to diplomacy, hostages, trade, coercion and local mediation; operation varied.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Makes coercion visible.
REVIEW: New local archival work

SIB.U045 | Were hostages merely symbolic?
RULING: No. Amanat could enforce tribute and alliance under coercion; represent named context and uncertainty rather than sanitize it.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Protects human floor.
REVIEW: New microhistory

SIB.U046 | Can one mortality percentage describe Indigenous epidemics?
RULING: No. Pathogens, timing, prior exposure, record quality and local effects vary; use bounded site/people claims.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents invented totals.
REVIEW: New demographic reconstruction

SIB.U047 | Was Indigenous response either resistance or collaboration?
RULING: No. Communities used flight, negotiation, tribute, trade, alliance, armed resistance and strategic accommodation, sometimes simultaneously.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Avoids moral binary.
REVIEW: Every regional narrative

SIB.U048 | Did the Treaty of Nerchinsk define Indigenous territorial rights?
RULING: No. It ordered Qing–Russian relations and left many local sovereignties unrepresented.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Separates imperial line from lived geography.
REVIEW: Treaty/Indigenous-history update

SIB.U049 | Did baptism equal full conversion or cultural replacement?
RULING: No. Distinguish ritual event, institutional membership, belief, language use and coercive context.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Protects lived religion.
REVIEW: Local sources

SIB.U050 | Were the Chukchi finally “subjugated” in one campaign?
RULING: No. Russian coercion, defeats, negotiated autonomy and incomplete tribute formed a long process.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents triumphalist closure.
REVIEW: New archival synthesis

SIB.U051 | Can the 1822 imperial category be used analytically today?
RULING: Only as a quoted colonial legal classification with translation warning.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents archival language becoming ontology.
REVIEW: Every release

SIB.U052 | Did the railway merely modernize an empty corridor?
RULING: No. It accelerated migration, markets, military logistics, land pressure and environmental change across inhabited systems.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Makes Receiver/Nobody costs visible.
REVIEW: New route microhistories

SIB.U053 | How many late-imperial settlers moved to Siberia?
RULING: Totals vary with date range, return migration and boundary definition; cite denominators and never use one number as timeless.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Protects demographic integrity.
REVIEW: Dataset reconciliation

SIB.U054 | How many died at Lena Goldfields?
RULING: Preserve inquiry and scholarly ranges with attribution rather than one false exact total.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Maintains victim-count uncertainty.
REVIEW: Archival update

SIB.U055 | Was Tunguska definitely caused by a comet or asteroid?
RULING: An atmospheric cosmic-body explosion is strongly supported; exact body type and mechanism remain debated.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps mechanism provisional.
REVIEW: New physical model

SIB.U056 | Did early Soviet nationality policy simply liberate Indigenous peoples?
RULING: No. It built schools, scripts and territories while also classifying, governing and preparing later interventions.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps capability and control co-visible.
REVIEW: Every CAT scan

SIB.U057 | Did an autonomous republic or okrug ensure self-rule?
RULING: No. Separate formal status, staffing, budget, land/resource authority and lived participation.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents title-as-capability error.
REVIEW: Current legal review

SIB.U058 | Did collectivization affect every northern community identically?
RULING: No. Timing, violence, herd ownership, settlement and adaptation varied by people and district.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Avoids one Soviet clock.
REVIEW: Local archival and oral evidence

SIB.U059 | Was settlement always voluntary modernization?
RULING: No. Record incentives, services, coercion, child separation, land access and mobility loss by case.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Protects human agency.
REVIEW: Community-led studies

SIB.U060 | Did literacy gains erase educational harm?
RULING: No. Record literacy, medicine and professional access alongside language loss, boarding-school separation and curricular control.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Runs Nobody/Receiver audit.
REVIEW: New oral history

SIB.U061 | Can one number close Siberia’s forced-labour history?
RULING: No. Separate sentences, camp populations, deaths, deportees, special settlers, prisoners of war and time windows.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents denominator collapse.
REVIEW: Archive access and database revision

SIB.U062 | Can Norilsk industrial output be separated from camp labour and ecological cost?
RULING: No. Serialize them as linked capability, coercion and returned consequence.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Forces full transformation accounting.
REVIEW: Every industrial audit

SIB.U063 | Was BAM one project beginning in 1974?
RULING: No. Record 1930s surveys and prison labour, wartime/early postwar phases, 1974 relaunch, completion claims and post-Soviet use separately.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Protects layered infrastructure history.
REVIEW: New transport data

SIB.U064 | Did West Siberian oil create development without prior systems?
RULING: No. It re-hosted river, rail, labour and settlement networks while creating fiscal power, pollution and mono-town dependency.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps inherited floors visible.
REVIEW: Every energy audit

SIB.U065 | Does installed hydropower equal net civilisational gain?
RULING: No. Count energy and grid capacity with inundation, displacement, fisheries, maintenance and downstream effects.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Runs lower-floor law.
REVIEW: New ecological/social audit

SIB.U066 | Did Russian-language expansion simply replace all local languages?
RULING: No. Measure domain shifts, bilingualism, school policy, urbanisation and community revival separately.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Avoids binary disappearance.
REVIEW: New census/community data

SIB.U067 | Did the Soviet collapse end colonial or extractive relations?
RULING: No. It changed legal and fiscal hosts; older control geometries and new private/corporate dependencies persisted.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents false reset.
REVIEW: Every post-Soviet synthesis

SIB.U068 | Do constitutional and federal-law guarantees prove effective rights?
RULING: No. Separate text, regulation, land designation, consultation, remedy and observed outcome.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps implementation gap explicit.
REVIEW: Legal and case update

SIB.U069 | Does Russia’s under-50,000 category define who is Indigenous?
RULING: No. It is one domestic legal category; it does not erase larger Indigenous nations such as Sakha, Buryat and Tuvan.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Protects identity from administrative threshold.
REVIEW: Any legal amendment

SIB.U070 | Does registering an obshchina restore land authority?
RULING: Not automatically. Registration, economic activity, land title, consultation and enforcement are separate.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents paper-capability claim.
REVIEW: Case evidence

SIB.U071 | Does the 2001 territories law mean protected territories exist and work everywhere?
RULING: No. Track designation, boundaries, resource exceptions and enforcement by case.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Protects plan–implementation distinction.
REVIEW: Official register update

SIB.U072 | Did 2005–2008 okrug mergers erase Indigenous status?
RULING: Formal statuses and representation changed unevenly; assess budgets, seats, land and services rather than infer total erasure or continuity.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps governance measurable.
REVIEW: Institutional review

SIB.U073 | Are 2021 census identity and language counts exact populations?
RULING: No. They are self-identification and enumeration outputs shaped by nonresponse, categories and publication revision.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents dataset reification.
REVIEW: New census release

SIB.U074 | Does an endangered-language label mean a language is already dead?
RULING: No. Vitality is domain-, generation- and community-specific; speaker counts require dates and methods.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Supports repair instead of obituary.
REVIEW: Community-led assessment

SIB.U075 | Does a keyboard, app or online course prove language transmission?
RULING: No. Test teaching, daily use, intergenerational transfer, maintenance and community control.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Applies education bridge.
REVIEW: Annual programme evidence

SIB.U076 | Are Power of Siberia deliveries independently verified?
RULING: 2025 volume is an attributed Gazprom figure reported by Reuters; retain provenance and denominator.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents corporate claim becoming sensor fact.
REVIEW: Audited flow data

SIB.U077 | Is Power of Siberia 2 under construction at the cutoff?
RULING: No defensible evidence in the cited 20 May 2026 report. Encode political understanding and proposed route, not built capacity.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Protects future boundary.
REVIEW: Signed contract and observed works

SIB.U078 | Was 2026 already an extreme Siberian fire year at the cutoff?
RULING: Not on the cited end-June CAMS measure, which placed emissions near seasonal average. The season was incomplete and local extremes remain possible.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents headline carryover from prior years.
REVIEW: End-season data

SIB.U079 | Can Batagay represent all Siberian permafrost?
RULING: No. It is a high-information site within heterogeneous permafrost landscapes.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Restricts extrapolation.
REVIEW: Regional monitoring update

SIB.U080 | Is the one-third peat-fire carbon estimate a timeless fraction?
RULING: No. Bind it to model, period, region and denominator.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Protects model output.
REVIEW: Peer-reviewed dataset revision

SIB.U081 | Does World Heritage inscription guarantee Lake Baikal’s ecological health?
RULING: No. Heritage status, measured condition, legal protection and enforcement are separate records.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents title-as-repair.
REVIEW: Annual UNESCO review

SIB.U082 | Is the reported Taimyr wild-reindeer decline exact and monocausal?
RULING: No. Treat figures as survey estimates; hunting, climate, infrastructure, predation and method all require testing.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps herd state provisional.
REVIEW: New aerial/genomic survey

SIB.U083 | Do named military deaths measure all deaths or ethnicity?
RULING: No. They are a lower-bound regional dataset; residence, ethnicity, recruitment and casualty mechanisms are distinct.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents ethnic and total-count inference.
REVIEW: Each dataset revision

SIB.U084 | Can high per-capita losses in Tuva or Buryatia be attributed to ethnicity alone?
RULING: No. Test poverty, recruitment incentives, military structure, demography, residence and reporting before causal claims.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Blocks essentialist causation.
REVIEW: Peer-reviewed causal study

SIB.U085 | What damage did the July 2026 Omsk strike cause?
RULING: The cited report supports an attributed strike and observed fire; full damage and production impact were not yet independently established.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Keeps live claim status.
REVIEW: Official/independent assessment

SIB.U086 | Was the July 2026 Siberian fuel rerouting permanent?
RULING: No. Record it as a reported short-term allocation response under war pressure.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents event becoming structural law.
REVIEW: Subsequent logistics data

SIB.U087 | Are allegations against Indigenous activists established offences?
RULING: No. Separate arrest/charge, state allegation, defence account, court finding and rights assessment.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Protects due process and claim layers.
REVIEW: Case updates

SIB.U088 | What does current mean?
RULING: Only a state supported by evidence available at the exact retrieval freeze. Later events require a new version.
SERIALIZATION EFFECT: Prevents post-cutoff leakage.
REVIEW: Every release

===============================================================================
17. OBJECT ARCHITECTURE DELTAS
===============================================================================

The parent scaffold is inherited. The following deltas state what Object 19 and
Runtime V3.2 add locally. A delta may refine but may not silently contradict the
parent contract.

DELTA	NAME	LOCAL EFFECT
SIB.AD001	POROUS_OBJECT	Object 19 is a river–lake–taiga–tundra–steppe field, not a timeless Russian surface.
SIB.AD002	AUTONOMOUS_SUBCLOCKS	Baikal, West Siberia, Altai–Sayan, Yakutia, northeast and Arctic interiors retain separate clocks.
SIB.AD003	REALITY_CONTINUUM	Every major claim can be projected as inherited condition, pressure, process, output, capability, dependency, possibility and returned consequence.
SIB.AD004	STATE_TRANSFORMATION_NODE	Graph nodes carry before-state, transformation, after-state and residual loss rather than event labels alone.
SIB.AD005	INVARIANT_CONVERGENCE	Repeated themes point to registered relationship geometries and must state the local information added.
SIB.AD006	NESTED_CLOCK	Publication time, ancient event time, legal time, infrastructure time and ecological response time never collapse.
SIB.AD007	CROSSWALK_WINDOW	Cross-object comparison requires an explicit World-band window and ownership rule.
SIB.AD008	OBSERVER_SWITCH	Sky, strategist, general, engineer, receiver and Nobody views remain independently addressable.
SIB.AD009	ARCHIVE_MULTIPLIER	Evidence visibility is modelled as activity multiplied by preservation, access, research and publication.
SIB.AD010	GENOME_LANGUAGE_FIREWALL	Genetic ancestry, language, archaeological complex, ethnonym, polity and legal category cannot inherit by default.
SIB.AD011	MULTISPECIES_CARRIER	Dogs, reindeer, horses, cattle and wild herds enter capability and care maps as living carriers.
SIB.AD012	REINDEER_PLURALITY	Wild hunting, small-herd transport, large-herd pastoralism and state/corporate systems are distinct.
SIB.AD013	RIVER_INFRASTRUCTURE	Natural waterways and freeze–thaw knowledge are first-class infrastructure, not background.
SIB.AD014	CONTROL_GEOMETRY	Fort point, river/rail/pipeline line, settlement surface, exchange network and bureaucratic stack are typed separately.
SIB.AD015	COERCION_LEDGER	Tribute, hostage, exile, collectivization, camp labour, boarding school and mobilization carry explicit coercion states.
SIB.AD016	RECEIVER_NOBODY_PAIR	Every capability identifies beneficiaries and excluded or burdened persons/systems.
SIB.AD017	LOWER_FLOOR_LAW	Upper capability cannot be credited without its food, water, care, ecology, trust and maintenance floors.
SIB.AD018	REPAIR_MAP	Damage routes through affected floor, owner, sensor, repair, time, residual loss and verifier.
SIB.AD019	REPAIR_RATE	RepairRate greater than or equal to DriftRate is an operating requirement, not a claim that current repair is adequate.
SIB.AD020	PLAN_STATE_MACHINE	Announced, agreed, financed, permitted, under construction, operational and measured are separate.
SIB.AD021	DATASET_LOCK	Census, herd, casualty, energy and fire values retain reference date, denominator and revision state.
SIB.AD022	CLAIM_DENIAL_OBSERVED	War and legal records separate allegation, denial, official statement, independent observation and adjudication.
SIB.AD023	HERITAGE_RIGHTS_STACK	Title, ownership, custody, display, access, research, claim and ritual authority remain separate.
SIB.AD024	EDUCATION_BRIDGE	Capability counts as portable only when teachable, repeatable, maintainable and transferable with known compression loss.
SIB.AD025	FISSION_TEST	A region, settlement or community must be able to preserve lower floors if a central line or institution fails.
SIB.AD026	MOTION_VECTOR	Origin, destination, direction, rate and reversibility accompany material and institutional flows.
SIB.AD027	SOURCE_OBJECT	Sources retain authorship, date, locator, claim use and limitation; a URL is not a proof object by itself.
SIB.AD028	UNCERTAINTY_VERSION	Disputes persist as stable IDs and may be superseded but not silently deleted.
SIB.AD029	HUMAN_AUTHORITY	Affected persons and communities receive challenge, correction and appeal routes; AI serialization has no sovereign authority.
SIB.AD030	AI_OVERSIGHT	Automated inference must expose source, transformation rule, uncertainty and a reversible correction path.
SIB.AD031	CURRENT_OFFICE_TIME	Current administrative and organizational states are valid only at the retrieval freeze.
SIB.AD032	CHILD_CLOCK_DELTA	This child extends the current World-band coordinate one day beyond the cited parent freeze and carries reconciliation debt.
SIB.AD033	DIAGNOSTIC_NONRANKING	CAT states diagnose dependencies and failure risk; they do not rank peoples or civilisations.
SIB.AD034	WORMHOLE_WITH_COST	A cross-scale or cross-object jump must show the carrier, cost, stopping rule and compression loss.
SIB.AD035	VERIFIED_UNAVAILABLE	Unknown, withheld or unverified data remains typed as unavailable and is never imputed into certainty.
SIB.AD036	NEXT_RELEASE_QUEUE	Post-freeze facts, corrections and new papers route to a successor while stable record IDs persist.

17.1 RUNTIME 3.2 CONFORMANCE

The decisive upgrade is not a larger field count. It is the ability to trace
one transformation through nested time, object boundary, lower floor, control
geometry, Receiver/Nobody, returned consequence and verified repair—while
retaining the uncertainty and human authority to correct the machine.

===============================================================================
18. SOURCE-OBJECT REGISTER
===============================================================================

Source objects identify what each work or record is used for and its limits.
Citation does not transfer every statement in a source into this chronology.
Where a public summary and a primary paper both exist, the paper controls the
technical claim.

SOURCE	TYPE	DATE	AUTHOR / PUBLISHER	TITLE	LOCATOR	USE / LIMIT
SIB.S001	METHOD_STANDARD	2026	eduKateSG	Civilisation Atlas Regional Chronology Inheritance Standard	https://edukatesg.com/portfolio/civilisation-atlas-regional-chronology-inheritance-standard/	Regional inheritance, protected claims and revision contract; the Runtime V3.2 research branch adds Reality Continuum and invariant-convergence controls.
SIB.S002	PARENT_CHRONOLOGY	2026	eduKateSG	Civilisation Atlas Chronology: World / Humanity Master Chronological Spine	https://edukatesg.com/portfolio/civilisation-atlas-chronologyworld-humanity-master-chronological-spineplanetary-substrate-to-28-july-2026/	World bands W000–W068; parent freezes one day earlier than this child.
SIB.S003	CONTROL_OBJECT	2026	Civilisation Atlas research branch	Iranian Plateau / Persia Runtime V3.2 control object	IRANIAN_PLATEAU_PERSIA_CHRONOLOGY_MASTER.txt	Exact field order, Control Tower, CAT Scan, eight organs, Nobody/Receiver, Genome–Pressure–Ouroboros and repair-map contract.
SIB.S004	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2017	Burgess, Muirhead and Bowring	Initial pulse of Siberian Traps sills as the trigger of the end-Permian mass extinction	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00083-9	High-precision chronology linking sill emplacement and environmental crisis; geological causation remains modelled.
SIB.S005	SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS	2020	Russian and international geoscience literature	Siberian Craton and Central Asian Orogenic Belt syntheses	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2019.12.001	Deep geological architecture; later cultural borders must not be inferred from terranes.
SIB.S006	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	1993	N. A. Logatchev	History and geodynamics of the Baikal rift	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(93)90290-6	Cenozoic rift formation and basin development.
SIB.S007	OFFICIAL_HERITAGE_RECORD	1996–2026	UNESCO World Heritage Centre	Lake Baikal	https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/754/	Age, depth, freshwater and heritage significance; nomination language does not assign ancient identity.
SIB.S008	OFFICIAL_HERITAGE_RECORD	2023–2026	UNESCO World Heritage Centre	State of conservation: Lake Baikal	https://whc.unesco.org/document/219190	Current water-quality, development and governance concerns; conditions require time-versioning.
SIB.S009	OFFICIAL_SCIENTIFIC_REPORT	2025	NOAA	Arctic Report Card 2025	https://arctic.noaa.gov/report-card/report-card-2025/	Observed Arctic warming and cryosphere indicators through the report period.
SIB.S010	OFFICIAL_SCIENTIFIC_REPORT	2025	World Meteorological Organization	Arctic Report Card marks 20 years amid record warming	https://wmo.int/media/news/arctic-report-card-marks-20-years-amid-record-warming-2025	Authoritative summary; not a substitute for station-level regional attribution.
SIB.S011	OFFICIAL_SCIENTIFIC_REPORT	2026-07-03	Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service	Lowest global biomass-burning emissions on record during first half of 2026	https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/lowest-global-biomass-burning-emissions-record-during-first-half-2026	At end-June, Siberian emissions were near seasonal average; this does not describe the full 2026 fire season.
SIB.S012	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2026	International research team	Wildfires destabilize permafrost critical zones	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-026-01450-4	Review and synthesis of fire–permafrost carbon feedbacks; model estimates carry stated uncertainty.
SIB.S013	OFFICIAL_SCIENCE_REPORT	2026	European Space Agency Climate Office	Peat fires account for a third of Siberia’s fire carbon emissions	https://climate.esa.int/en/news-events/peat-fires-account-for-a-third-of-siberias-carbon-emissions/	Remote-sensing/model result; regional and temporal denominators matter.
SIB.S014	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2022	Jongejans et al.	Organic matter characteristics of a degrading Yedoma permafrost deposit in Batagay	https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/3601/2022/	Batagay stratigraphy and carbon vulnerability.
SIB.S015	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2024	Kizyakov et al.	Characterizing Batagay megaslump topography, dynamics and matter fluxes	https://epic.awi.de/58947/1/Kizyakov%20et%20al_2024_Characterizing%20Batagay%20megaslump%20topography%20dynamics%20and%20matter%20fluxes.pdf	Measured geomorphic change; one site cannot stand for all permafrost.
SIB.S016	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	1997	Waters et al.	The age of the Diring Yuriakh archaeological site in Siberia	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9036846/	Thermoluminescence results around 260–370 ka rejected much older claims; artefact status and occupation interpretation remain debated.
SIB.S017	SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS	2014	Shunkov et al.	The Karama site and early Palaeolithic of the Altai	Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS	Claims of very early occupation; dating and artefact interpretation remain contested.
SIB.S018	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2019	Jacobs et al.	Timing of archaic hominin occupation of Denisova Cave in southern Siberia	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0843-2	Integrated cave chronology approximately 300–20 ka.
SIB.S019	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2025	Jacobs et al.	Revised chronology of Denisova Cave occupation and deposits	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-60140-6	Updated chronological modelling; revises, rather than erases, earlier estimates.
SIB.S020	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2012	Meyer et al.	A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224344	Denisovan genome; one individual does not define a timeless population.
SIB.S021	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2018	Slon et al.	The genome of the offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0455-x	Denny first-generation ancestry; population-wide interaction rates remain unknown.
SIB.S022	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2026	Massilani et al.	A high-coverage Neandertal genome from the Altai Mountains	https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2534576123	Genome of an approximately 110 ka Altai Neanderthal; publication time differs from life time.
SIB.S023	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2020	Mafessoni et al.	A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Chagyrskaya Cave	https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2004944117	Population relationships among late Altai Neanderthals.
SIB.S024	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2023	Rybin et al.	The Initial Upper Paleolithic at Kara-Bom	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37931353/	Chronology and technology of the Altai Initial Upper Palaeolithic.
SIB.S025	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2014	Fu et al.	Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia	https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4753769/	Directly dated modern human genome and recent Neanderthal ancestry.
SIB.S026	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2004	Pitulko et al.	The Yana RHS site: humans in the Arctic before the Last Glacial Maximum	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14704419/	High-latitude occupation around 32 ka calibrated.
SIB.S027	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2019	Sikora et al.	The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene	https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7617447/	Ancient genomes and multiple population transformations; genetic labels are analytical clusters, not ethnic names.
SIB.S028	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2014	Raghavan et al.	Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans	https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4105016/	Mal’ta genome and Ancient North Eurasian ancestry; does not confer modern identity.
SIB.S029	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2020	Yu et al.	Paleolithic to Bronze Age Siberians reveal connections with First Americans and across Eurasia	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.037	Ancient genomes including Ust’-Kyakhta-3; sampled ancestry does not prove language or polity.
SIB.S030	INSTITUTIONAL_SUMMARY	2020	Max Planck Institute	Oldest connection with Native Americans identified near Lake Baikal	https://www.shh.mpg.de/1702918/oldest-connection-with-native-americans-identified-near-lake-baikal-in-siberia	Public summary of CELL2020; secondary to the paper.
SIB.S031	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2017	Pitulko and Kasparov	Archaeological dogs from the Early Holocene Zhokhov site	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352409X16303157	Dog morphology and possible sled/transport roles around 9 ka.
SIB.S032	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2020	Sinding et al.	Arctic-adapted dogs emerged at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition	https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7116267/	Ancient dog genomics and circumpolar movements.
SIB.S033	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2006	Kuzmin	Chronology of the earliest pottery in East Asia and Siberia	https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200038868	Early pottery dates; reservoir effects and context require site-level control.
SIB.S034	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2007	Kuzmin	Chronology of the Neolithic and Bronze Age of the Lake Baikal region	https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200041953	Baikal cultural chronology and hiatus debate.
SIB.S035	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2010	Weber, Katzenberg and Schurr, editors	Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers of the Baikal Region, Siberia	University of Pennsylvania Museum	Cemetery, diet, mobility and social-organisation syntheses.
SIB.S036	SCHOLARLY_CHAPTER	2010	Bazaliiskii	Mesolithic and Neolithic mortuary complexes in the Baikal region	In WEBER2010	Site sequences and mortuary practice; cemetery users are not whole populations.
SIB.S037	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2024	Gill et al.	Ancient genomes from Lake Baikal and Yakutia reveal population complexity	https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/16/4/evae063/7634480	Kitoi, Serovo–Glazkovo, Syalakh–Belkachi and Ymyyakhtakh relationships; rejects simple succession.
SIB.S038	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2025	Zeng et al.	Ancient DNA reveals the prehistory of the Uralic and Yeniseian peoples	https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12342343/	Ancestry movements associated with later language histories; association is not direct linguistic proof.
SIB.S039	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2026	Macleod et al.	Lethal plague outbreaks in Lake Baikal hunter-gatherers	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10540-5	Ancient Yersinia pestis detections in sampled cemeteries from about 5.5 ka; publication and event clocks separated.
SIB.S040	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2026	Zubova et al.	Possible therapeutic intervention for dental caries in Palaeolithic Siberia	https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0347662	Interpretation of a specific dental case; not evidence for universal dentistry.
SIB.S041	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	1992	E. N. Chernykh	Ancient Metallurgy in the USSR	Cambridge University Press	Metallurgical provinces and Seima–Turbino networks; culture labels do not equal peoples.
SIB.S042	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2007	Koryakova and Epimakhov	The Urals and Western Siberia in the Bronze and Iron Ages	Cambridge University Press	Regional archaeological synthesis.
SIB.S043	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2006	Hermann Parzinger	Die frühen Völker Eurasiens	C. H. Beck	Eurasian archaeological synthesis; broad labels require local qualification.
SIB.S044	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	1990	Denis Sinor, editor	The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia	Cambridge University Press	Turkic, Mongolic and Inner Asian political interfaces.
SIB.S045	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	1992	Peter B. Golden	An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples	Otto Harrassowitz	Turkic ethnonyms, polities and language history; no biological continuity implied.
SIB.S046	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2002	Nicola Di Cosmo	Ancient China and Its Enemies	Cambridge University Press	Steppe polity and frontier models; used only for shared object interfaces.
SIB.S047	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2006	Pakendorf et al.	Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16845541/	Population-history models for Sakha/Yakut origins; genetics cannot alone date language or identity.
SIB.S048	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2014	David G. Anderson	The 1926/27 Soviet Polar Census Expeditions	Berghahn	Northern communities, census knowledge and state classification.
SIB.S049	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2010	Edward Vajda, editor	The Dene–Yeniseian Connection	Alaska Native Language Center	Linguistic proposal and debate; not a license to infer prehistoric ethnic unity.
SIB.S050	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2005	Juha Janhunen	The Mongolic Languages	Routledge	Mongolic language history and Buryat context.
SIB.S051	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2016	Alexander Vovin and comparative linguists	Northern Eurasian language histories	Multiple works	Comparative linguistic evidence is probabilistic and independent of genetic ancestry.
SIB.S052	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2008	Røed et al.	Genetic analyses reveal independent domestication origins of Eurasian reindeer	https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2593925/	Polycentric domestication; living herds show introgression.
SIB.S053	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2024	Wu et al.	The evolutionary history of domestic reindeer	https://academic.oup.com/evlett/article/8/4/494/7619594	At least two domestication processes and weak genome-wide artificial selection.
SIB.S054	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2020	Losey et al.	Domestication as enskilment: harnessing reindeer in Arctic Siberia	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10816-020-09455-w	Proposed transport headgear from Ust’-Polui, Tiutei-Sale and Iarte VI; function remains interpretive.
SIB.S055	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2025	Yuzhakov	Reindeer breeds and pastoral systems in northern Eurasia	https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/journals/pastoralism-research-policy-and-practice/articles/10.3389/past.2025.14962/full	Nenets, Chukchi, Evenki and Even breed systems; breed categories are recent standardisations of living practice.
SIB.S056	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2025	Istomin	Soviet and Russian reindeer science and pastoral governance	https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/journals/pastoralism-research-policy-and-practice/articles/10.3389/past.2025.15396/full	Knowledge, management and institutional history; does not replace herders’ own accounts.
SIB.S057	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2023	Laptander et al.	Yamal Nenets knowledge, mobility and environmental change	https://ecologyandsociety.org/vol28/iss3/art6/	Community knowledge and adaptation; locally grounded, not pan-Arctic.
SIB.S058	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	1992	James Forsyth	A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia’s North Asian Colony 1581–1990	Cambridge University Press	Indigenous peoples and colonial expansion synthesis.
SIB.S059	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2014	Janet M. Hartley	Siberia: A History of the People	https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300246421/siberia/	Social history of settlement, exile, administration and everyday life.
SIB.S060	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	1994	W. Bruce Lincoln	The Conquest of a Continent: Siberia and the Russians	Random House	Narrative synthesis; cross-checked for colonial framing.
SIB.S061	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	1973	Lantzeff and Pierce	Eastward to Empire: Exploration and Conquest on the Russian Open Frontier to 1750	McGill-Queen’s University Press	Russian eastward expansion, forts and administration.
SIB.S062	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	1943	Raymond H. Fisher	The Russian Fur Trade, 1550–1700	University of California Press	Fur economy and yasak; older terminology requires correction.
SIB.S063	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2016	Erika Monahan	The Merchants of Siberia: Trade in Early Modern Eurasia	Cornell University Press	Commerce, mobility and institutions beyond a state-only narrative.
SIB.S064	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2003	John F. Richards	The Unending Frontier	University of California Press	Environmental history of early modern expansion and resource frontiers.
SIB.S065	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	1994	Yuri Slezkine	Arctic Mirrors: Russia and the Small Peoples of the North	Cornell University Press	State classification and northern Indigenous relations; historical official terms are not endorsed.
SIB.S066	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2011	Alan Wood	Russia’s Frozen Frontier: A History of Siberia and the Russian Far East 1581–1991	Bloomsbury	Broad regional synthesis.
SIB.S067	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2002	Michael Khodarkovsky	Russia’s Steppe Frontier	Indiana University Press	Incorporation, tribute and frontier institutions at the southern edge.
SIB.S068	PRIMARY_LEGAL_RECORD	1558	Tsardom of Russia	Stroganov charter	Complete Collection of Laws and charter editions	Granted lands and privileges; legal grant did not equal effective territorial control.
SIB.S069	PRIMARY_TREATY	1689	Qing and Russian representatives	Treaty of Nerchinsk	Published treaty texts and diplomatic studies	Inter-imperial boundary settlement; did not extinguish Indigenous spatial systems.
SIB.S070	PRIMARY_LEGAL_RECORD	1822	Russian Empire	Statute on the Administration of Alien Peoples	Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire	Colonial administrative classification; historical title is not an accepted modern category.
SIB.S071	PRIMARY_TREATY	1727	Qing and Russian empires	Treaty of Kyakhta	Published treaty texts	Border trade and administration; local implementation varied.
SIB.S072	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2004	Willard Sunderland	Taming the Wild Field	Cornell University Press	Russian colonisation and agrarian resettlement; relevant mainly to steppe and western-Siberian edges.
SIB.S073	OFFICIAL_HISTORY	1891–1916	Russian transport archives	Great Siberian / Trans-Siberian Railway construction records	Russian State Historical Archive and scholarly editions	Route, stages and administrative intent; official records understate displacement.
SIB.S074	SCHOLARLY_SYNTHESIS	2018	Migration historians	Late-imperial Siberian resettlement and mobility	Multiple archival studies	Migration totals vary by interval, return migration and definition.
SIB.S075	PRIMARY_AND_SCHOLARLY_RECORD	1912	Imperial inquiries and historians	Lena Goldfields massacre records	Published inquiry materials	Deaths and responsibility require source comparison.
SIB.S076	PEER_REVIEWED_SYNTHESIS	2008	International Tunguska research	The 1908 Tunguska airburst	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2008.07.012	Physical event and impact estimates; no defensible extraterrestrial certainty beyond evidence.
SIB.S077	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2005	Francine Hirsch	Empire of Nations	Cornell University Press	Soviet ethnographic knowledge, territorialisation and nationality-making.
SIB.S078	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2001	Terry Martin	The Affirmative Action Empire	Cornell University Press	Korenizatsiya, nationality policy and later reversal.
SIB.S079	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2007	Lynne Viola	The Unknown Gulag	Oxford University Press	Special settlements, collectivisation and deported peasants.
SIB.S080	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2003	Anne Applebaum	Gulag: A History	Doubleday	Camp system synthesis; use with archival scholarship and survivor records.
SIB.S081	SCHOLARLY_BOOK	2004	Oleg Khlevniuk	The History of the Gulag	Yale University Press	Archival institutional history and penal labour.
SIB.S082	ARCHIVAL_DATABASE	1988–2026	International Memorial and partner archives	Gulag and political-repression databases	https://base.memo.ru/	Named records and sites; coverage is incomplete and access/political conditions affect maintenance.
SIB.S083	ARCHIVAL_SYNTHESIS	1931–1957	Soviet archives and historians	Dalstroy and Kolyma forced-labour system	Archival editions and scholarly studies	Administrative and mortality figures require interval/definition labels.
SIB.S084	ARCHIVAL_SYNTHESIS	1935–1956	Soviet archives, Memorial and historians	Norillag and Norilsk industrial construction	Archival editions	Industrial capability and coercive labour must be recorded together.
SIB.S085	EDUCATIONAL_ARCHIVE	1930s–1984	Michigan State University	Baikal-Amur Mainline	https://soviethistory.msu.edu/1980/bam/	BAM phases and official representation; supplement with local and labour histories.
SIB.S086	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2019	Povoroznyuk	The Baikal–Amur Mainline and mobility in Siberia	https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/sibirica/18/1/sib180103.xml	Infrastructure, communities and post-Soviet afterlives.
SIB.S087	SCHOLARLY_POLICY_HISTORY	2017	Thane Gustafson and Carnegie analysts	Formation of Soviet oil and gas dependence	https://carnegieendowment.org/russia-eurasia/posts/2017/03/the-formation-and-evolution-of-the-soviet-unions-oil-and-gas-dependence	West Siberian discoveries and political economy; secondary synthesis.
SIB.S088	ARCHIVAL_SYNTHESIS	1950–1991	Energy historians and Soviet statistical yearbooks	West Siberian oil, gas, dams and grids	Multiple official and scholarly records	Official production and construction statistics require reconciliation.
SIB.S089	OFFICIAL_AND_ORAL_RECORD	1954–1967	Soviet records and resettlement histories	Bratsk hydroelectric complex and reservoir	Regional archives and oral histories	Generation capacity and inundation; displacement experience is unevenly archived.
SIB.S090	SCHOLARLY_AND_OFFICIAL_RECORD	1932–2026	Northern Sea Route administrations and historians	Northern Sea Route history and statistics	https://nsr.rosatom.ru/	Traffic and infrastructure; official commercial claims require independent checks.
SIB.S091	PRIMARY_LEGAL_RECORD	1993–2026	Russian Federation	Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 69	Official legal publication	Textual guarantee of Indigenous rights; implementation is a separate claim.
SIB.S092	PRIMARY_LEGAL_RECORD	1999	Russian Federation	Federal Law 82-FZ on guarantees of rights of Indigenous small-numbered peoples	Official legal publication	Recognition and rights framework; category criteria exclude some larger Indigenous nations.
SIB.S093	PRIMARY_LEGAL_RECORD	2000	Russian Federation	Federal Law 104-FZ on communities of Indigenous small-numbered peoples	Official legal publication	Obshchina framework; registration and effectiveness vary.
SIB.S094	PRIMARY_LEGAL_RECORD	2001	Russian Federation	Federal Law 49-FZ on territories of traditional nature use	Official legal publication	Territorial-protection framework; designation and enforcement require verification.
SIB.S095	UN_REPORT	2010–2026	United Nations system	Situation of Indigenous peoples in the Russian Federation	https://un.arizona.edu/search-database/situation-indigenous-peoples-russian-federation	Legal and rights overview; report dates and state responses must be retained.
SIB.S096	RIGHTS_REPORT	2026	International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs	The Indigenous World 2026: Russian Federation	https://www.iwgia.org/en/articles/iw-2026-russia	Current rights, recognition and activism claims; nongovernmental assessment, not a court judgment.
SIB.S097	OFFICIAL_CULTURAL_RECORD	2010–2026	UNESCO	Endangered languages in Siberia	https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1551	Public language-endangerment overview; speaker numbers change and categories differ.
SIB.S098	PEER_REVIEWED_ARTICLE	2022	Bromham et al.	Global predictors of language endangerment and the future of linguistic diversity	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01604-y	Comparative model; local vitality requires community evidence.
SIB.S099	OFFICIAL_PROGRAMME	2022–2032	United Nations and UNESCO	International Decade of Indigenous Languages	https://www.unesco.org/en/decades/indigenous-languages	Programme status and objectives; announcement is not measured revival.
SIB.S100	OFFICIAL_DATASET	2021–2024 publication	Rosstat	2021 All-Russian Population Census	https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn/2020	Self-identification, language and population data; enumeration, nonresponse and publication revisions matter.
SIB.S101	OFFICIAL_REGIONAL_REPORT	2024	Arctic Russia information portal and regional authorities	Taimyr wild-reindeer population decline	https://arctic-russia.ru/en/article/taimyr-s-wild-reindeer-how-to-save-the-population-without-harming-indigenous-peoples/	Reports approximately 598,000 in 2003 and 107,000 in 2023; estimates and causes are contested.
SIB.S102	OFFICIAL_AND_NEWS_RECORD	2019	Gazprom, CNPC and contemporary reporting	Power of Siberia pipeline begins deliveries	Official corporate records and Reuters	Operational start; corporate capacity claims require measured-flow context.
SIB.S103	NEWS_WIRE	2025-12-25	Reuters	Gazprom supplied 38.8 bcm to China via Power of Siberia in 2025	https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russias-gazprom-supplied-38-bcm-gas-china-via-power-siberia-pipeline-2025-2025-12-25/	Attributed company figure; not independently audited in the article.
SIB.S104	NEWS_WIRE	2026-05-20	Reuters	Kremlin says understanding reached on Power of Siberia 2, no details yet	https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/kremlin-says-understanding-reached-power-siberia-2-gas-link-china-no-details-yet-2026-05-20/	Route-level political statement; no price, timetable or final construction contract by article time.
SIB.S105	NEWS_WIRE	2026-05-19	Reuters	Russia’s growing energy ties with China since the Ukraine war	https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russias-growing-energy-ties-with-china-since-ukraine-war-2026-05-19/	Current trade and infrastructure context; figures are time-bound.
SIB.S106	NEWS_WIRE	2026-07-06	Reuters	Ukrainian drones hit Omsk refinery in deep strike	https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/ukrainian-drones-hit-russias-largest-refinery-one-deepest-strikes-yet-2026-07-06/	Attributed attack, observed fire and capacity context; damage assessment remained incomplete.
SIB.S107	NEWS_WIRE	2026-07-27	Reuters	Ukraine attacks Russian energy sites: what has been hit	https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/ukraine-attacks-russian-energy-sites-what-has-been-hit-2026-07-27/	Time-stamped incident list; battlefield claims and damage require attribution.
SIB.S108	NEWS_WIRE	2026-07-21	Reuters	Russia reroutes Siberian fuel to shield Moscow from shortages	https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russia-reroutes-siberian-fuel-shield-moscow-shortages-2026-07-21/	Reported logistics response; shows directional allocation, not permanent policy.
SIB.S109	INVESTIGATIVE_DATASET	2026-02-24	Mediazona and BBC Russian	Confirmed Russian military deaths by region	https://en.zona.media/article/2026/02/24/mapofwar	Named-death lower bound and per-capita calculation; incomplete, revised and not an ethnic-causation measure.
SIB.S110	INVESTIGATIVE_DATASET	2026-07-17	Mediazona and BBC Russian	Russian losses in the war with Ukraine: regional named records	https://en.zona.media/article/2026/07/17/casualties_eng-trl	Continuously updated named records; never an exhaustive death count.
SIB.S111	JOURNALISTIC_ARCHIVE	2010–2026	Regional media and researchers	Siberian archaeological and environmental reporting	Multiple URLs	Discovery leads only; claims enter chronology only through primary or peer-reviewed confirmation.
SIB.S112	OFFICIAL_ADMINISTRATIVE_RECORD	2026	Russian Federation	Federal subjects and municipal structures at the cutoff	Official legal and administrative publications	Formal jurisdiction; does not equal lived control, Indigenous territorial ownership or ecological reach.
SIB.S113	PRIMARY_NORMATIVE_RECORD	2007	United Nations General Assembly	United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	https://undocs.org/A/RES/61/295	International normative standard; Russia abstained in 2007 and domestic legal force is not assumed.
SIB.S114	PRIMARY_TREATY_RECORD	1989–2026	International Labour Organization	Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention 169	https://www.ilo.org/resource/c169-indigenous-and-tribal-peoples-convention-1989	Normative comparison; Russian Federation has not ratified, so no domestic treaty obligation is inferred.
SIB.S115	METHOD_DATASET	2026-07-29	Civilisation Atlas	Object 19 source and claim audit	This release	Machine validation, record counts and crosswalks; self-audit does not replace external evidence.

18.1 PROVENANCE RULE

Every machine claim must preserve:

SOURCE_ID
AUTHOR / RESPONSIBLE BODY
TITLE
PUBLICATION OR RECORD DATE
LOCATOR / DOI / ARCHIVE
CLAIM USED
METHOD OR DOCUMENT TYPE
LIMITATION
RETRIEVAL / VERSION STATE WHERE LIVE
CORRECTION ROUTE.

18.2 SOURCE HIERARCHY WITHOUT SOURCE TYRANNY

Peer-reviewed and official records receive high evidentiary weight for the
claims their methods can actually observe. Community testimony, oral tradition
and lived knowledge are not demoted merely because they answer different
questions. State records do not own identity; genomes do not own language;
satellites do not own local meaning; oral traditions do not automatically set
absolute dates. Convergence is built claim by claim.

===============================================================================
19. RELEASE MANIFEST AND ASSERTION TESTS
===============================================================================

19.1 RELEASE INVENTORY

OBJECT	COUNT
Protected records	287
Record series	11
Source objects	115
Sources cited by protected records	112
Uncertainty rulings	88
Uncertainties linked directly to records	87
Longitudinal tracks	24
Typed graph edges	56
Cross-object connectors	18
CAT dimensions	18
Control-Tower organs	8
Civilisational genomes	12
Pressure fields	12
Ouroboros loops	18
Invariant records	12
Architecture deltas	36

19.2 PROTECTED-STREAM HASH

ALGORITHM: SHA-256
SCOPE: UTF-8 serialization of all Section 5 protected record lines in order
DIGEST: 6cbcfc72b3e98c813e00d7fa415030f654542487be9181055532fa28169d04ad

The full-file checksum is emitted as a companion artifact after serialization.

19.3 MACHINE ASSERTIONS

PASS | 287 unique protected record IDs
PASS | 287 unique local tags
PASS | 287 unique graph seeds
PASS | all protected records serialize in canonical compact order
PASS | all class, date, zoom, depth, confidence and evidence enums valid
PASS | all protected source keys resolve
PASS | all linked uncertainty keys resolve
PASS | no observed record exceeds the retrieval freeze
PASS | publication clocks separated from ancient event clocks
PASS | archaeology–genome–language–people–polity–law firewalls installed
PASS | wild/domestic and hunter/pastoral reindeer states separated
PASS | current plans separated from construction, operation and measurement
PASS | 8 Control-Tower organs present
PASS | 18 CAT dimensions present
PASS | 12 invariant-convergence records present
PASS | 36 Runtime V3.2 architecture deltas present
PASS | Reality Continuum before/process/after/return grammar present
PASS | Receiver/Nobody and RepairRate tests present
PASS | human correction and appeal authority present
PASS | parent-child cutoff reconciliation debt declared

19.4 HUMAN ASSERTIONS

PASS | Siberia is not serialized as empty land before Russian expansion.
PASS | Russian expansion is typed as uneven continental colonisation.
PASS | Archaeological complex, genome, language, people, polity and law are
separated by explicit firewalls.
PASS | Wild-reindeer hunting, domestic transport and pastoral systems remain
independent.
PASS | Forts, rivers, rail and pipelines carry distinct control geometries.
PASS | Soviet educational and industrial gains retain coercion and lower-floor
costs in the same longitudinal system.
PASS | Current legal guarantees remain separate from observed implementation.
PASS | War casualty data remains a lower bound and non-ethnic by default.
PASS | Power of Siberia 2 is not represented as built or operating.
PASS | First-half 2026 fire evidence is not expanded into a full-year claim.
PASS | Every current state expires at the exact retrieval freeze.
PASS | Human challenge, correction and appeal supersede machine convenience.

19.5 POST-SERIALIZATION CONTRACT

A successor release must:

— preserve stable record, source, graph, connector, track, uncertainty and
invariant IDs where the object persists;
— state additions, corrections, retractions and supersessions;
— retain the earlier uncertainty state;
— update current records rather than editing them into timeless claims;
— reconcile the child-clock delta with the next World Master;
— and emit a new checksum.

END OF CANONICAL OBJECT-19 RUNTIME V3.2 MASTER